Required startup financing

2000

2015

Overall need for funding (depending on energy prices) With constant energy prices With slightly rising energy prices (+2 per cent per year for electricity, +4 per cent per year for oil and gas) With quickly rising energy prices (+3 per cent per year for electricity, +5 per cent per year for oil and gas)

Figure 11.5 Eco-taxes reduce start-up financing for renewable energy

Source: Langni et al, 1997