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Fuels and Combustion4 PDF
Fuels and Combustion4 PDF
Overview
Gas Turbine Combustion Systems & Emissions Dry Low Emissions (DLE) Combustion Gas Turbine Fuels Future Combustion Technologies
Overview
Gas Turbine Combustion Systems & Emissions Dry Low Emissions (DLE) Combustion Gas Turbine Fuels Future Combustion Technologies
Fuel Injector
Annular Combustor
Torch Igniter
Diffusion Flames
Fuel and Air Mix and Burn At the Same Time
Premixed Flames
Fuel and Air Mix and Then Burn
NOx Emissions
Lean
Rich
Fuel/Air Ratio
Emissions Characteristics
CO Desired Operating Range NOx
Emissions
Lean
Fuel/Air Ratio
Rich
200 Conventional 150 100 50 25 0 DLE Target for Ultra Low Emissions
Overview
Gas Turbine Combustion Systems & Emissions Dry Low Emissions (DLE) Combustion Gas Turbine Fuels Future Combustion Technologies
AIRFLOW 30%
70%
Conventional
FUEL FUEL
Pilot Main
SoLoNOx
AIRFLOW
40%
Combustor Liner Fuel Injectors Engine Casings Fuel System Control System
Conventional 14.5 in. SoLoNOx 18.0 in.
Lean Premixed Combustion Diesel No. 2 and Kerosene Main and Pilot Fuel Circuits on Both Fuels Same Combustor Liner as Gas Only
First Dual Fuel DLE Unit Units Capable of 25 ppm Units Offered at 15 ppm or
Less (with restrictions) in 2000
EMISSIONS
idle
100
Potential in All Lean-Premixed Combustion Systems Oscillations Present When Fuel Heat Release in Phase with Combustor Acoustic Frequency Rumble is Lower Frequency Flame Instability
Overview
Gas Turbine Combustion Systems & Emissions Dry Low Emissions (DLE) Combustion Gas Turbine Fuels Future Combustion Technologies
Gaseous
Liquid
Standard Fuels
Natural Gas
Standard Fuels
No. 2 Diesel Heizol EL Gas Oil JP5 Kerosene
Impact of Gas Fuel Energy Content on Conventional Gas Turbine and Control Systems
Turbine Modification Control Adjust Std Control Adjust Fuel Gas Preheating Liquid System
Raw NG
NG (Pipeline)
Process NG
LPG
Landfill
Town
Refinery
2650
Raw NG
NG (Pipeline)
Process NG
LPG
Landfill
Town
Refinery
500
2650
Fuel Quality
Gas Fuel - Natural Gas Fuel Variability: Wobbe of 1220 10% Gas Supply Temperature >+50F (10C) Dew Pt No Liquids Allowed in Fuel Gas Particulate Limits Liquid Fuel Viscosity Distillation Particulate Contaminants (Rust, Water, Salt, Others)
Overview
Gas Turbine Combustion Systems & Emissions Dry Low Emissions (DLE) Combustion Gas Turbine Fuels Future Combustion Technologies
Surface Combustion
Summary
Conventional Combustion Systems Offer Maximum Turbine Operation and Fuel Flexibility DLE Gas Turbines Have Been Successfully Introduced DLE Offers Ten Fold Decrease in Turbine Emissions Cost Effective Compared to Exhaust Clean-Up DLE Presents Turbine Operators with Some Limitations Potential to Reduce Emissions Further
Questions?