Chng II.

Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

CHNG II BO V TRONG MNG TRUYN TI QUANG WDM

2.1 S cn thit phi bo v tng quang
Hat ng bnh thng ca mt mng truyn ti quang trong thc t khng nhng nh hng bi nhng yu t khch quan nh tin cy, tui th ca thit b m cn chu tc ng ca cc yu t mi trng, kh hu, thi tit, cc nhn t ch quan do con ngi gy ra. Tc ng ca cc yu t trn gy ra s c hng thit b, t cp dn n s ngng hot ng ca cc knh truyn ti thng tin gy thit hi cho c ngi s dng v ngi cung cp dch v. Vn t ra l cn phi thit lp chc nng duy tr hot ng ca mng trc cc s c bng cch p dng cc k thut bo v hoc phc hi mng. i vi mng truyn ti quang s dng cng ngh SDH, cc gii php k thut bo v v phc hi c p dng tng i hiu qu theo cc xut v khuyn ngh ca ITU-T [6]. Nhng thi gian hi phc li lu, vo khong t 60 ti 100ms. Trong khi th cc k thut bo v tng quang WDM c kh nng hi phc mng ch mt ti a 50ms. Tuy nhin, trong hin tai v tng lai, nhu cu lu lng ln i hi cn phi cung cp mt mi trng truyn dn dung lng ln, m cng ngh ghp knh theo bc sng WDM l mt trong nhng gii php c la chn. Do vy, vic xy dng chc nng phc hi mng WDM tng quang l vn sng cn cn phi gii quyt khi xy dng mng WDM nhm duy tr hot ng lin tc ca mng. Theo G.872 ITU-T, lp quang c chia thnh 3 lp con: lp knh quang (OCh-Optical Channel), lp on ghp knh quang (OMS Optical Multiplex Section) v lp on truyn dn quang (OTS Optical Tranmission Section). Bo v c th c thc hin ti lp OMS hoc lp OCh hoc phi hp trn c hai lp. Bo v OMS v bo v OCh c th theo phng thc ring hoc chung. Trong bo v ring, mi knh lm vic c truyn trn hai tuyn khc nhau v knh c cht lng tt nht s c la chn ti u thu, do vy mt na ca
Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

21

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

dung lng truyn dn trong mng s lun c n nh l dung lng d phng dnh cho bo v (tc l dung lng bo v bng 100% dung lng lm vic). Tri li, trong bo v chung, ti nguyn bo v c th c s dng phc hi nhiu knh lm vic khc nhau, tu thuc vo s c. Bo v chung cho php s dng dung lng mng tt hn bo v ring (lng dung lng d phng yu cu ph thuc nhiu vo topo mng v vo s phn b lu lng gia cc node). Hin nay, bo v ring OMS ch yu c trin khai trong cc h thng thng tin quang WDM im - im, cn bo v OCh c s dng c trong cc h thng im - im v cc ring OADM (Optical Add Drop Multiplexer). Trong tng lai gn, cc ring bo v chung OMS s c th c trin khai. Bo v OCh c th c trin khai vi hai cch: bo v kt ni mng con (SNCP) hoc bo v lung. S khc nhau c bn l trong bo v lung OCh kt cui ca lung OCh cng c bo v v s lng card transponder c nhn i. Gii php ny ci thin sn sng ca knh quang, nhng li lm tng chi ph u t thit b.

2.2 Cc khi nim c bn

Bo v l mt phng thc hi phc mng s dng cc ti nguyn bo v c cp pht trc truyn lu lng ti hot ng trn knh b nh hng bi s c nhm m bo kh nng duy tr ca mng. Bo v - C nhiu tiu chun phn loi cc k thut bo v mng nhng thng da trn cc tiu chun ph bin sau: Da vo s lng h thng lm vic v d phng Bo v 1+1: l bo v m trong dnh ring mt h thng d phng bo v cho mi h thng hot ng. Bnh thng c hai h thng cng c s dng nhng ch ly kt qu ca tuyn hot ng, khi xy ra s c th chuyn sang h thng d phng. Bo v M:N: l bo v m ta chia s M h thng d phng bo v cho N h thng hot ng cng chng loi. Khi xy ra s c trn bt k h thng hot ng no th chuyn mch bo v sang mt h thng d phng kh dng. tit kim ti nguyn ta c th s dng M h thng d phng ny cho cc mc ch khc nh: hot

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

22

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

ng th nghim dch v mi hoc x l cc cng vic ph c mc yu tin thp.

Da vo cu trc h thng bo v ta c chuyn mch bo v n hng

hay c hai hng, loi tr v hay khng tr v; chuyn mch bo v tuyn (PPS) hay bo v on (LPS) Chuyn mch bo v n hng: ch lu lng trn hng truyn dn no c s c th mi chuyn mch bo v sang knh d phng, cn cc tuyn khc khng c s c th gi nguyn.

Chuyn mch bo v hai hng: nu c bt k mt hng hot ng no b s c th c hai hng cng chuyn mch bo v sang knh d phng (knh bo v).

Bo v c tr v: sau khi chuyn mch bo v sang knh d phng m khi phc li ng truyn s c th lu lng t ng chuyn t knh bo v v knh hot ng c khi phc. Phng php bo v ny thng p dng cho bo v chia s N:M. c bit l 1:N.

Bo v kiu khng tr v: sau khi chuyn mch bo v sang knh d phng m khi phc li c ng truyn s c th vn truyn lu lng trn knh d phng. Phng php bo v ny thng p dng cho bo v ring 1+1.

Bo v tuyn: ch thc hin chuyn mch bo v ti im kt cui ca tuyn c s c. Bo v on: thc hin chuyn mch bo v ti hai nt k cn vi on b s c, trng hp s c nt th on b s c l hai on lin nhau cha nt .

2.2.1 Bo v ring Bo v ring l hnh thc bo v m trong mi knh lm vic c truyn trn hai tuyn khc nhau v knh c cht lng tt nht s c la chn ti u thu, do vy mt na ca dung lng truyn dn trong mng s lun c n nh l dung lng d phng dnh cho bo v (tc l dung lng bo v bng 100% dung lng lm vic).

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

23

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

Trong bo v 1+1, nt ngun pht tn hiu ng thi trn c hai tuyn hot ng v bo v. Nt ch gim st tn hiu ca c hai tuyn ny v la chon tn hiu c cht lng tt nht (v d da chn tham s SNR). Nu pht hin suy gim tn hiu trn tuyn hot ng th nt ch t ng chuyn mch sang tuyn bo v. Trong bo v 1:1 nt ngun ch pht tn hiu ln tuyn hot ng, cn tuyn bo v c th c dng truyn lu lng c mc u tin thp. Khi xy ra s c trn tuyn hot ng th c nt ngun v nt ch chuyn mch ln tuyn bo v. V d trong mt mng vng bo v 1+1 s dng cc knh quang kp, tn hiu c pht i trn hai knh: mt knh truyn theo hng thun chiu kim ng h, cn knh kia truyn theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h; my thu s la chn tn hiu tt nht. Nu hot ng ny c thc hin lp knh quang th ta gi l OC-DPRing (p dng cho ring 2 si 2 hng), nu thc hin lp ghp knh quang th ta gi l OMS -DPRing (p dng cho ring 4 si 2 hng). Trong cc mng li xy dng cc lin kt im - im truyn ti hai hng mun cung cp bo v ring th phi s dng hai cp si tch bit nhau v mt vt l, mt cp cp cho cc knh hot ng cn cp kia cp cho cc knh bo v, khi xy ra s c trn si hot ng th chuyn cc knh lu lng ln si bo v. 2.2.2 Bo v chia s Bo v chia s l hnh thc bo v m trong nhiu h thng hot ng cng s dng chung mt h thng d phng bo v. Chng hn l dung lng d phng hoc bc sng d phng. iu kin bnh thng mi yu cu c nh tuyn ln cc knh hot ng, v dung lng bo v c th c dng truyn lu lng c mc u tin thp. Khi xy ra s c lu lng ti ca tng tuyn truyn dn b s c c chuyn mch ln cc bc sng bo v. Hot ng ny yu cu h tr bo hiu thng bo cho cc nt mng v cc tuyn ng truyn dn b s c th mi m bo chc chn cc bc sng bo v trn cc si khc nhau kt ni chnh xc ti cc tuyn quang yu cu bo v. Trong thi gian ti nguyn d phng c dng bo v mt tuyn hot ng b s c th n khng cn kh dng bo v cho cc tuyn quang hot ng khc cho ti khi tuyn hot ng ban u ny c khi phc li.

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

24

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

i vi cc vng ring quang bo v chia s, dung lng ca cc si dnh cho cc knh hot ng v bo v l ring bit. Do mt ring 2 si bo v chia s l ring 2 hng, mt si truyn lu lng theo hng thun chiu kim ng h, cn si kia truyn lu lng theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h. Tng t vi cc mng li quang bo v chia s (trong cc lin kt im im): trong mi cp si, mi si s dng mt na s knh cho lm vic, v dnh mt na s knh cn li bo v cho lu lng lm vic trn si kia. Nu mt si b s c th cc knh hot ng s c truyn trn cc knh bo v ca si kia. Bo v chia s l mt cch gim dung lng tha dnh cho d phng v gim s lng cc tuyn quang cn phi qun l. Hin nay mi ch p dng bo v ring OMS cho cc h thng WDM im - im, trong khi bo v OCh c s dng cho c h thng im - im v cc ring OADM, sp ti c th s cung cp thm cc ring bo v chia s OMS. 2.2.3 Bo v on ghp knh quang Hnh thc bo v ny c thc hin lp ghp knh quang (OMS), v hay c p dng bo v trong cc mng cung cp mt s lng ln cc knh quang. Tt c cc bc sng (knh WDM) truyn trn si quang b s c cng c nh tuyn li ln mt tuyn si quang tm thi ri ( c xc nh trc). Thc hin chuyn mch bo v khng gian ti b ghp knh WDM (chuyn mch si quang). 2.2.4 Bo v knh quang Hnh thc bo v ny c thc thi lp knh quang. Mi knh quang c bo v c lp s dng mt chuyn mch ring, dn n tng s cc chuyn mch quang ln nhng cho php la chn cc knh bo v trong b ghp knh v c th tch hp bo v ca cc b pht p vo trong kin trc ny.

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

25

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

2.3 Cc phng thc bo v theo cu hnh mng

2.3.1 Bo v lp knh quang 2.3.1.1 Bo v ring cho cu hnh im - im Vi cu hnh ny c th p dng trc tip cc k thut bo v tuyn ring/chia s nn khng cn phn tch nhiu. Mc d cu hnh ny n gin nhng n thng hay xy ra s c nh t c tuyn cp hay s c hng thit b nn n ch c s dng giai on u th nghim cha pht trin dung lng m khng my khi c s dng trong cc mng quy m ln. Trong trng hp s dng kiu bo v ny th cch phng hiu qu nht l chn tuyn ng i cp thun li hn ch ti thiu kh nng b xm phm, c chnh sch bo dng thng xuyn, v p dng k thut bo v 1+1 hay 1:1. Bo v quang 1+1 tng t nh phng thc bo v 1+1 SDH. Pha pht s dng b chia s chia cng sut quang v pht trn c hai tuyn hot ng v d phng; pha thu s dng mt chuyn mch quang c chc nng nh mt b la chn v chuyn mch ln tuyn bo v khi tuyn hot ng tng t c s c. Si hot ng
Tx

Si bo v

Rx

B chia Chuyn mch Hnh 2.1 H thng WDM cu hnh ng thng chuyn mch bo v 1+1 Bo v quang 1:1 tng t nh phng thc bo v 1:1 trong SDH. Khc vi bo v 1+1, lu lng khng c truyn trn c hai si hot ng v lm vic m s dng chuyn mch c hai u. Ban u chuyn mch t ln si hot ng, khi pht hin s c th chuyn mch lu lng ln si bo v. Trng hp ny yu cu phi c knh bo hiu APS kch hot chuyn mch bo v. Si hot ng Tx Rx Si bo v Knh bo hiu APS Chuyn Chuyn mch mch Hnh 2.2 H thng WDM cu hnh ng thng chuyn mch bo v 1:1
Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

26

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

im khc bit gia bo v WDM v SDH l khi xut hin s c trn mt si hot ng th chuyn mch ca u thu tng ng ca pha pht khng bit g (chuyn mch b m blind switch), trong khi SDH c hai u thu u bit trng thi ca si bo v. 2.3.1.2 Bo v ring cho cu hnh ring (OCh - DPRing) Bo v trong cu hnh ny c thc thi lp knh quang s dng cc chuyn mch quang chuyn mch lu lng ln si hot ng hay bo v ty thuc vo trng thi ca ring iu kin bnh thng hay s c m khng yu cu bo hiu. Kin trc bo v ny c th chng li s c chng n, s c a chng, hay s c ti nt trung gian trn tuyn hot ng. Nhng c nhc im chung l yu cu chi ph t hn so vi cc gii php khc. Trng hp ring hai si cp pht mt si cho hot ng v dnh mt si d phng bo v cho si hot ng. Ti my pht tn hiu quang c chia thnh hai lung tn hiu v nh tuyn trn hai tuyn khc nhau (nh trong bo v 1+1). My thu nhn c hai tn hiu ri la chn tn hiu tt nht. Khi si hot ng xy ra s c, u thu tng ng t ng chuyn mch bo v ln si d phng. Nt A Nt D Nt A Nt D

Nt B

Hnh a

Hnh b Si hot ng Si d phng Si d phng chuyn sang hot ng Hnh 2.3 OCh DPRing hai si n hng iu kin bnh thng v khi c s c

Nt C

Nt B

Nt C

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

27

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

Cc nt trong mng l cc OXC v trn mt si ta c th truyn n hng hoc hai hng, nhng trong trng hp OCh DPRing hai si mt si cho d phng v mt si cho hot ng th ta phi truyn hai hng. Vi d nh hnh 2.3, hnh a tnh trng cha xy ra s c, hnh b tnh trng s c. Trng hp OCh DPRing bn si (trong hai si dnh cho lu lng hot ng, cn hai si dnh cho d phng ). trng hp ny nu truyn lu lng hai hng th s thc thi bo v 1+1 mm do hn v yu cu t bc sng hn trng hp OCh DPRing hai si nhng li tn km. V d v OCh DPRing bn si n hng c m t trong hnh 2.4, hnh a tnh trng cha xy ra s c, hnh b tnh trng s c. Nt A Nt D Nt A Nt D

Nt B

Hnh a

Nt C

Nt B

Si hot ng Si d phng Si d phng chuyn sang hot ng Hnh 2.4 OCh DPRing bn si n hng iu kin bnh thng v khi c s c

Hnh b

Nt C

Gi s ta c mt mng vng ring su nt, mi nt yu cu nm bc sng truyn thng vi nm nt kia nu khng ti s dng bc sng th tng bc sng yu cu ln ti 15. Tng qut mt mng OCh DPRing bn si c N nt s yu cu
N .( N 1) bc sng. Nu cho php s dng li cc bc sng, v d 2

cc on k nhau c th chia s cng bc sng th tng s bc sng gim xung 3 nhng yu cu thc thi chuyn mch bo v c hai u cui trnh xung t bc sng trn si bo v khi xy ra s c.

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

28

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

M hnh chc nng ca OCh DPRing c th tham chiu m hnh bo v ring on ghp knh SDH (MS SPRing) vi gi thit khng thc thi bo v tng SDH m bo v mc knh quang. Lp SDH hoc ATM hoc IP

Lp OCh

Lp OMS

Lp OTS Hng ty B ghp knh Hng ng B khuch i Hinhg 2.5 M hnh chc nng ca mt nt OCh DPRing 2.3.1.3 Bo v chia s cho cu hnh im - im Chia s l mt cch gim dung lng tha dnh cho d phng v s lng cc tuyn quang cn phi qun l. Trong bo v chia s knh quang (chia s tuyn), thi im thit lp phin lin lc cho mt ng ban u, xc nh mt ng d phng v mt bc sng dnh ring. Mt tuyn quang bo v gia hai nt c thit lp bo v cho N tuyn quang hot ng gia hai nt .

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

29

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

Knh bo hiu TX 1
. . .

TX 1
. . .

TX n

TX n

Hnh 2.6 Mng li WDM bo v chia s 1:N Bc sng d phng dnh ring trn cc on ca ng d phng c th chia s vi cc ng d phng khc gip cho gii php ny c chi ph hiu qu hn bo v tuyn ring nhng cng yu cu nhiu bo hiu hn v phi cu hnh li cc OXC kt cui ca cc knh WDM chia s m tuyn hot ng cn c hi phc. iu ny s lm tng thi gian tr hi phc thc hin truyn cc bn tin bo hiu ti cc thnh phn v cu hnh li tt c cc OXC. 2.3.1.4 Bo v chia s cho cu hnh ring (OCh - SPRing) Xt ring hai si truyn thng hai hng gia cc nt. Trong iu kin bnh thng, mi si hot ng trn mt bc sng khc nhau (1 thun chiu kim ng h v 2 ngc chiu kim ng h). Nu mt on hay mt nt b s c th cc nt k cn s nh tuyn li cc bc sng cho on cung b , chia s dung lng ca cc si gia hai knh quang. OCh SPRing thng c dng cung cp bo v quang cho cc ring SDH hai si. Vic nh tuyn lu lng lin quan c thc hin lp in bi thit b SDH, cc knh quang ch tn ti gia cc nt k nhau tng ng vi cc on vt l nt - ti - nt. V d truyn thng gia hai nt A v nt D nh hnh v 2.7, hnh a tnh trng cha xy ra s c, hnh b tnh trng s c. Nh trnh by trn th 1 c truyn trn si quang th nht thun chiu kim ng h, 2 truyn trn si th hai ngc chiu kim ng h. Khi xy ra s c on th nt A t ng chuyn mch bo v bc sng 1 ln si quang th hai ngc chiu kim ng h.

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

30

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

Nt A

Nt D Nt A

Nt D

2 2

1 2 2 1 Nt C Nt B

2 1

Nt B

Hnh b Hnh 2.7 OCh SPRing khi bnh thng v khi s c on

Hnh a

Nt C

V d truyn thng gia nt A v nt C v xy ra s c nt D. Hnh v 2.8 di y m t: Nt A 1 Nt D Nt A 1 Nt D

2 2

2 2

Nt B

Hnh a Hnh b Hnh 2.8 OCh SPRing khi bnh thng v khi s c nt

Nt C

Nt B

Nt C

OCh SPRing thng c dng cung cp bo v quang cho cc ring SDH hai si. Vic nh tuyn lu lng lin quan c thc hin lp in bi thit b SDH, cc knh quang ch tn ti gia cc nt k nhau tng ng vi cc on vt l nt ti nt. M hnh chc nng ca OCh SPRing tham chiu m hnh bo v SDH MS SPRing nhng mc knh quang. Do cc chc nng thch ng tng OTS v OMS phi x l cng mt s lng cc knh quang nn chuyn mch bo v khng th t tng OMS m c chuyn ln tng OCh. Hnh v di y miu t m hnh chc nng ca mt nt OCh SPRing k cn vi s c s dng

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

31

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

chuyn mch OCPC mc knh quang, cn cc hot ng nh tuyn c thc hin cc tng SDH (HP, LP). Lp SDH

OCPC Lp OCh Lp OMS Lp OTS Hng ty B ghp knh B khuch i Hnh 2.9 M hnh chc nng ca mt nt OCh SPRing k cn vi s c 2.3.1.5 Bo v chia s cho cu hnh Mesh D cu trc mng Ring WDM l cu hnh ph bin nht hin nay, nhng gn y cc mng quang WDM c cu hnh Mesh ang c tha nhn l c c tnh quan trng v u vit hn. iu ny l nh s pht trin v ci thin ca cc OXC, cc thit b chuyn mch quang. Mc d mng quang cu hnh Mesh c nhiu u vit v ang c pht trin mnh nhng kh nng tn ti v duy tr mng l vn phc tp hn so vi cu hinh Ring bi v trong mng c nhiu thc th hn trong bng nh tuyn v c nhiu quyt nh thit k phi la chn. Ngoi ra, khng c c ch bo v mng quang WDM cu hnh Mesh no hin nay c thng mi ho trn phm vi ln. Bo v tuyn ti lp OCh c th c p dng cho cc mng quang cu hnh Mesh. c mt kt ni th mt cp ng i (ng i lm vic v ng i d phng) phi c thit lp. c ch bo v tuyn t hiu qu nht th cc tuyn lm vic v cc tuyn bo v phi c lp, c lp c v s c (ngha Hng ng

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

32

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

l cc li tuyn xy ra trn tuyn hot ng v tuyn bo v l c lp). Trong nhiu trng hp, iu kin ny c tha mn bng vic thit lp hai ng i trong phn tp cc ng i vt l: ng i chnh v ng i phc hi khng th dng chung bt k mt lin kt no. Nu vn bo v nt c t ra th s c lp gia nt v ng lm vic, ng bo v l cng cn thit. Trong hu ht cc trng hp th iu ny c bo m bng vic ngn cn dng chung hai ng i trong mt nt: nh tuyn phi c thc hin di cc rng buc v vic khng lin hp nt. Bo v tuyn dnh ring 1+1 v bo tuyn 1:1 u c th c s dng. Trong trng hp bo v 1:1 lu lng c u tin thp c th c pht trn tuyn bo v khi khng c li xy ra, nhng bo hiu t u cui ti u cui l cn thit. Vi cu hnh Mesh th bo v tuyn dnh ring tiu tn ti nguyn qu nhiu bi v phi c cc rng buc ng i vt l. Vic dng chung cc knh WDM (cc bc sng quang) trong s cc ng i bo v c th gim ti nguyn vt l tham gia trong vic bo v. Vic bo v dng chung c th c p dng theo ngha t u cui ti u cui bng vic s dng mt tuyn bo v(c th c mt nt dng d phng) cho N tuyn hot ng vi cng cp nt ngun ch (xem hnh 2.10 di y). K thut ny l mt trng hp c bit ca vic dng chung, trong N tuyn bo v chia s tt c cc knh WDM ca chng, v cng c gi l bo v 1:N. Hin nhin bo v 1:N ci m cn N+1 tuyn khng lin hp ng (hay khng c s lin hip nt) l lun c th s dng gia cc nt ngun v ch ca kt ni.

Ngun g

ch ng hot ng ng bo v Hnh 2.10 Bo v ng trong cu hnh Mesh

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

33

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

Bo v ng chia s cng c th c thc hin mt chiu hng rng hn trn mt mng hn hp bng vic cho php dng chung mt phn (thng l di tn s nh sng) cc ng bo v trn c s ghp cc bc sng. Vic chia s cho php tit kim cc ngun ti nguyn truyn dn, nhng li yu cu qun l phc tp. Trong bo v 1:1 v 1:N, khi mt s c xy ra th ch cc nt cui mi lin quan ti qu trnh hi phc, bi v cc knh quang (cc bc sng ) c bo v v cc knh quang d phng l hon ton c thit lp trc. Khi bo v chia s c p dng hng rng hn trong mt mng c cu hnh Mesh, th s c s phi lm th tc phc hi phc tp hn, th tc yu cu nhiu bo hiu trong mt s phn t mng dn n thi gian phc hi s tn km. Khng nhng phi c nhiu tn hiu bo hiu m trong vn phc hi mng cn phi mt thi gian cu hnh li cc OXC(ngha l thay i cc thng s nh tuyn). Do vic bo v dng chung l nh trc, nn hot ng khi phc c th c iu khin bng ng phn phi no hn l ng tp trung, bi vy loi b c s can thip ca h thng qun l mng v gim khi lng bo hiu. Trong trng hp ny, cc OXC phi c kh nng t xc nh ng ang lm vic c s c hay khng chuyn mch bo v cho ph hp. Vic u tin yu cu l phi pht hin nhanh chng c trng ng nh sng v l mt trong cc thc y chnh m nh ngha mt b nhn dng OCh trong khun kh ca vic chun ha knh gim st OCh. Nu bo v chia s tuyn s dng iu khin phn tn thay cho iu khin tp trung s hn ch s can thip ca h thng qun l mng v gim bt tng s cc bo hiu. Khi cc OXC phi c kh nng t nhn thc c tuyn hot ng no b s c chuyn mch bo v ph hp. Trong cc mng quang WDM cu hnh Mesh, bo v tuyn lp con OMS di mt vi phng din c th thch hp hn l vic bo v ng. Trong mt cu hnh phc tp, mt c cu khi phc ni b, ph hp vi iu khin phn tn hn l iu khin tp trung, l d dng qun l hn mt c cu u cui ti u cui. Bo v tuyn trong mt mng hn hp c th xy ra trong cc ng khc nhau. Chng ta s khng xem xt bo v ng trn c s cung cp m chng ta s m t hai phng php chnh c bit n bo v tuyn nh

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

34

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

trc: mt l da trn khi nim u vng cc vng, cch cn li gn y c cp nhiu hn, l da trn cng ngh u vng chung. Mt mng cu hnh Mesh c th c to mt cch t nhin bng lin kt n gin mt s vng: thc t, hu ht cc mng WDM hin nay c qun l theo kiu ny. Chuyn mch gia cc vng trong cc mng nh vy thng c thc hin bng in t bi cc ni cho s SDH/SONET. Bi vy, kh nng tn ti trong cc mng a vng WDM thng c bo v bi cc k thut bo v SDH/SONET (c th, l khai thc s tha ca cc lin kt lin vng). Mt s trong nhng k thut ny s c th cng chuyn ti lp WDM (v d cho trng hp c th a vng WDM di bin). Tuy nhin, trong nhng th sau y, chng ta mun b kin trc a vng v tp trung vo cc mng WDM thc t, ngha l nhng mng ny c to ra bt u t mt cu hnh vt l hn hp v ci m khai thc cc OXC thc hin chuyn mch quang trong ton b mng. S phn ly vng cc kin trc c s ca tng lai ny ch phc v kh nng tn ti. Nguyn l u vng cc vng c th c p dng mt mng WDM thc t nh sau: u tin, mng ny c phn tch trong mt s tp cc cp, mi tp c qun l nh mt vng n. Khi phn tch c thc hin, mi vng c trang b mt h thng bo v OMS chnh xc nh mt OMS-SPRing. Bi vy mi vng tr thnh mt h thng bo v. Thng thng vic thc hin bo v vng bn cp l la chn tt nht, t vic thc hin bo v vng 2 cp phi yu cu cc b chuyn i bc sng trong mt s node. Mt u im r rng ca phng php ny l n cho php khi phc phn b: mi vng l mt h thng khi phc t ng v t tr. iu ny ng rng thi gian khi phc ch b gii hn bi kch c vng (trong bo v tuyn, thay v tr truyn lan t ngun ti ch phi a ch tnh n). Hn na, vic qun l s c b gii hn bi vng b s c. Trong vn bo v mng c cu hnh Mesh ni chung v bo v mng quang WDM c cu hnh Mesh ni ring l nhng vn mi m v phc tp. Ni cch khc th lnh vc ny khng c thng mi ho v ng dng trong thc t nn khng c my ai nghin cu v lnh vc ny cho nn n vn cn mi m. Ngoi ra n cn mt l do khc l iu kin vt l v nhu cu ca cc quc gia vn cha i hi cn n s dng mng li c cu hnh Mesh. Trong khi
Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

35

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

cng ngh WDM ch yu c s dng cho cc mng c cu hnh back blbole. V vy trong n ny em cp t n vn . 2.3.2 Bo v lp on ghp knh quang 2.3.2.1 Bo v ring cho cu hnh im - im Trong bo v on ghp knh quang vi cu hnh im - im th chnh l hnh thc bo v knh quang im - im. 2.3.2.2 Bo v ring cho cu hnh vng ring (OMS - DPRing) OMS DPRing c th p dng cho ring hai si hoc bn si cp pht cc bc sng khc nhau cho cc lin kt nt - ti nt khc nhau. Bo v c thc thi tng on ghp knh quang nn tt c cc knh quang trn cng mt chng s c bo v ng thi khi xut hin s c. Khi xem xt bo v OMS gia cc OADM trong mt kin trc ring yu cu phi s dng cc chuyn mch kp hoc cc chuyn mch n c h tr bin i bc sng ti mi nt. Xt trng hp n gin nht OMS DPRing hai si s dnh ring mt si bo v cho lu lng truyn trn si hot ng hng ngc li. Nt A Nt D Nt A Nt D

Nt B Hnh a

Nt C

Nt B

Nt C

Hnh b Si hot ng Si d phng Si d phng hot ng Hnh 2.11 OMS DPRing hai si iu kin bnh thng v khi c s c Khi xut hin mt s c nt hay s c on, cc nt k cn vi s c s nh tuyn li lu lng t trn si hot ng ln si bo v. Di y l m hnh chc nng ca mt nt OMS DPRing.

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

36

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

Lp OCh

Lp OMS

Lp OTS Hng ty B ghp knh Hng ng B khuch i

Hnh 2.12 M hnh chc nng ca mt nt OMS DPRing hai si 2.3.2.3 Bo v chia s cho cu hnh vng ring (OMS SPRing) Kin trc ny c th p dng cho ring hai si hoc bn si. Cc lin kt logic trc tip nt - ti - nt c th c thit lp s dng cc bc sng khc nhau, cho php ta xy dng nn cc li logic kt ni mi nt ti nt khc trong ring. Bo v c thc thi mc on ghp knh, dung lng ca mi si mang c cc bc sng hot ng v bc sng bo v. V d mt h thng WDM hai si c 16 bc sng, trn si truyn cng chiu kim ng h cp mt na u (8 bc sng) ca di bc sng cho cc knh lu lng hot ng, mt na cn li dng bo v cc knh hot ng truyn trn si kia (i ngc chiu kim ng h). Trn si i ngc chiu kim ng h th o ngc li, na u ca di bc sng dng bo v cc knh hot ng truyn trn si i cng chiu kim ng h, cn na sau dng cho cc knh lu lng hot ng khc.

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

37

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

Cc knh dch v v

Cc knh bo v

Cc knh dch v v

Cc knh bo v

Cc knh dch v v

Cc knh bo v

Cc knh dch v v

Cc knh bo v

Hnh 2.13 Bo v chia s cc knh quang trong OMS - SPRing Nu mt on hay mt nt b s c, cc nt k cn s c thc hin chuyn mch bo v nh tuyn li cc bc sng hot ng truyn trn si b s c ln cc bc sng bo v ca si i theo hng ngc li.
OMS 2 SPRing cho vng ring hai si hai hng.

Trn si th nht cc bc sng lm vic t 1 ti W/2, na cn li dnh cho bo v. Trn si th hai cc bc sng lm vic t W/2 ti W, na cn li dnh cho bo v. Khi hi phc c thc hin bi chuyn mch 2 2. Trong trng hp lu lng b s c c th loop m khng b xung t bc sng

Chuyn mch 22

Hnh 2.15 Ring hai si hai hng chuyn mch bo v on ghp knh
Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

38

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

Khi xut hin s c on, cc tuyn hot ng c nh tuyn ln cc si bo v cng bc sng hot ng.

Hnh 2.16 Ring hai si hai hng bo v s c on OMS 2SPRing Khi xut hin s c nt th OMS 2 SPRing c thc thi bi chuyn mch 2 2. Bnh thng tuyn hot ng c nh tuyn ln ring ca si pha ngoi, sau khi xut hin s c nt th tuyn c chuyn mch ln ring ca si pha trong ti cng bc sng hot ng.

Hnh 2.17 Ring hai si hai hng bo v s c nt OMS 2 SPRing Di y l m hnh chc nng ca mt nt OMS SPRing k cn s c s dng chuyn mch kp chuyn mch bo v pha xy ra s c (t cp hoc s c nt). M hnh ny c xy dng da trn m hnh SDH MS

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

39

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

SPRing, cc chc nng thch ng OMS c xc nh tu thuc vo cc h thng c th (v d chng ta s c chc nng OMSA 16 trong h thng WDM 16 bc sng) nhng n ch cung cp cho cc knh hot ng hoc bo v ch khng phi tt c 16 knh. Khi thit k thc thi cn xem xt n vic thc hin gim st cc s c nh th no nu ti s dng bc sng. Lp SDH hoc IP hocATM Lp OCh

Lp OMS

Lp OTS Hng ty B ghp knh B khuch i Hnh 2.18 M hnh chc nng ca mt nt OMS SPRing hai si k cn vi s c Trong phng thc chuyn mch quang 2 2 th n thch hp vi chuyn mch bo v m yu cu tn tht nh (khong 1dB) v tc chuyn mch nhanh (khong 20 ms). Cu hnh nt bao gm mt OADM cho mt si, mt chuyn mch quang nhanh cho 2 2 mi pha ca nt, v c th s dng b khuych i quang nu cn. V tr tt nht t b khuych i quang l gia OADM v chuyn mch quang c th s dng cc b khuych i quang hn ch nhng tn tht ph trng thi bo v. Di y l cc cu hnh ca cc nt c s dng chuyn mch quang. Hng ng

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

40

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

OS 1
OADM SDXC

EDFA

OS 2 Si 1

OADM

Si 2

EDFA Hnh 2.19 Cu hnh ca mt nt s dng chuyn mch quang22 (cross - bar) OS 1
OADM SDXC

EDFA

OS 2

Si 1

Si 2
OADM

OS 3 EDFA Hnh 2.20 Cu hnh ca mt nt s dng chuyn mch quang 21 OS 4 OMS 4 SPRing cho vng ring 4 si - hai hng. Vi trng hi ny mi chng c bn si quang, mi cp si quang dng truyn lu lng hot ng, mt cp si quang kia dnh cho d phng bo v cho cp lm vic (50% tng dung lng cho bo v). Khi xy ra s c cc chuyn mch bo v c thc hin bi cc chuyn mch 2 2 theo k thut quang c hay k thut khc.

Si bo v

Hnh 2.21 Ring bn si hai hng chuyn mch bo v on ghp knh

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

41

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

Khi xy ra s c on th Ring c hi phc bng vic s dng chuyn mch bo v ti hai nt k cn vi on b s c ni vng lu lng trn cc si hot ng ln cc si bo v. Yu cu c bo hiu phi hp chuyn mch c hai nt kt cui on b s c. V d c phin truyn thng hai hng gia nt A v nt C khi xy ra s c on gia nt A v nt D nh hnh v 2.22 trong hnh a l trng hp iu kin bnh thng cn hnh b iu kin xy ra s c. Khi xy ra s c th xut hin knh bo hiu gia nt A v nt D sau hai nt ny thc hin chuyn mch bo v chuyn cc bc sng ln knh d phng. Nt A Nt D Nt A Nt D

Si bo v

Si bo v

Nt B

Hnh a

Nt C Nt B Hnh b ng bo v th nht hot ng ng bo v th hai hot ng Knh bo hiu

Nt C

Hnh 2.22 Ring bn si hai hng s c on OMS 4SPRing

2.4 Cc phng php bo v trong kin trc lin kt gia cc lp quang

2.4.1 La chn cc kin trc mng tham chiu Trong thc t cc mng quang thng c xy dng theo kin trc phn cp, mi cp c th xem nh mt min mng con. Cc min mng con c trin khai thng s dng cc cu hnh c bn nh CS Ring, OMS Ring, v cu hnh li quang ca cc OXC.

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

42

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

CS Ring l mt kin trc thun li cho vic kt hp cc chc nng

SDH ca cc thit b sn c trn mng (nh tuyn v bo v MS) vi chc nng nh tuyn quang ca cc nt logic.
OMS SPRing l mt kin trc mng ton quang tin tin h tr thc

thi c nh tuyn v bo v quang. Do kin trc ny rt quan trng i vi vic lp k hoch cho cc mng quang.
Kin trc li quang ca cc OXC h tr nh tuyn v hi phc quang

gip n gin ho s phc tp khi xy dng cc mng cu hnh li dung lng cao t cc thit b tng in. Da trn ba cu hnh c bn CS Ring, OMS SPRing, v cu hnh li quang ca cc OXC chng ta xy dng bn kin trc mng tham chiu sau:
Kin trc CS Ring hai mc: hnh 2.23 th hin mt kin trc CS-

Ring/CS hai mc.

CS - Ring i i k i

CS - Ring

CS - Ring

Hnh 2.23 Kin trc CS - Ring/CS - Ring y l mt kin trc phn cp gm hai CS Ring lin kt vi nhau thng qua cc kt ni cho SDH. u im chnh ca kin trc ny l vic cp pht bc sng c th c lp k hoch cho mi Ring mt cch c lp.
Kin trc OMS SPRing hai mc: hnh 2.24 th hin kin trc OMS-

SPRing hai mc.

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

43

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

OMS - SPRing i i k i

OMS - SPRing

OMS - SPRing

Hnh 2.24 Kin trc OMS SPRing hai mc u im chnh ca kin trc ny l kt ni quang gia cc Ring. Trong cc hub kh nng mm do mc knh quang ph thuc vo dung lng kt ni cho quang m cc OADM cung cp.
Kin trc hai mc li/Ring: hnh 2.25 th hin kin trc li quang/

OMS-SPRing hai mc. OXC OXC OXC i i k i OXC

OMS - Ring

OMS - Ring

Hnh 2.25 Kin trc li quang/OMS - SPRing y l mt kin trc c nhiu ha hn ng dng nht trong tng lai. Lu lng cc Ring lp di c tp hp v truyn ti bi lp bn trn c lu lng rt cao ging nh trong mng SDH truyn thng. Trong mt mng ln cc OXC c th c chc nng bin i bc sng nhm thit lp rt nhiu tuyn

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

44

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

quang. Phng thc bo v kt ni mng con (OSNCP) (bo v tuyn 1+1) c th l mt la chn cho kin trc ny.
Kin trc hai mc Ring/li: hnh 2.26 th hin kin trc OMS-SPRing/

li quang hai mc.

OMS - SPRing i k OXC OXC OXC OXC

OXC OXC

OXC OXC

Hnh 2.26 Kin trc OMS SPRing/li quang Trong mt s trng hp kin trc ny c th cung cp mt gii php ti u, khi ta s c mt Ring quang dung lng rt cao lin kt gia cc mng con c cu hnh li tng di. Vn bo v tng t kin trc hai mc li/ring. Bng 2.1 So snh mt s tham s ca bn kin trc mng tham kho Cc tham s Kt ni Phc hi tng quang Mm do Mc kt ni Mc Thit b Hub Loi mng con CS Ring hai mc SDH(VC4/3/12) Khng SDH OXC VC4 Thp SDXC Ring OMS-SPRing OMS SPRing/ hai mc li quang Quang(OC) b hn ch C (hn ch) Gii hn Bc sng Tt OADM Ring Quang (OC) C (hn ch) Tt Bc sng Tt OXC Li quang/ OMS - SPRing Quang(OC) (VC-4/3/12) C Tt Bc sng Tt OXC(SDXC)

Ring/OXC/Link Ring/OXC/Link

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

45

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

2.4.2 Lin kt gia cc mng con v vn bo v Hot ng lin kt bo v gia cc min mng quang ph thuc vo chc nng v c tnh ca cc nt kp lin kt gia cc mng con. Nhm n gin ho ch phc tp ny ta ch tp trung vo phn tch kin trc mng vng ring hai si. Trong cc mng quang thc t, hai ring con thng lin kt vi nhau thnh mt ring kp thng qua hai nt OADM v to ln hai kin trc: kin trc ring o (VRA), kin trc tch v chuyn tip. 2.4.2.1 Bo v vi kin trc ring o(VRA) Kin trc ring o ban u c th ch c ng dng cho OC - DPRing. Phng thc nh tuyn v bo v c ch ra trn hnh 2.27a s dng cc nt lin kt chuyn tip vin (border) gia cc vng ring ti cng bc sng. i vi OMS-SPRing nh ch ra trn hnh 2.27b cn thit lp cc bc sng t A ti B, v nh tuyn cc bc sng theo mt tuyn ng tch bit. Trong thc t hot ng bo v tng OMS c kt hp vi phn tp tuyn tng OCh. Cc phng thc bo v c p dng phc hi mt s c nt hoc on lin kt xy ra trong mi ring, cn chin lc phn tp tuyn c dng phc hi kt ni i vi s c on lin kt gia hai ring. Tuy vy nu cc bc sng nycng mang cc kt ni tng client nh nhau th gii php ny s ti hn gii php ng dng VRA trn cc OC - DPRing, v n yu cu bng thng gp i m khng tng c kh dng. Ni chung khi ng dng phn tp tuyn tnh th mi tuyn gia mt cp nt ch mang mt na cc kt ni tng client gia hai nt , dn n hai h qu:
S lng bc sng mang trn tng quang theo nguyn l ch c mt

na nu khng th s khng cung cp c ti nguyn d phng mc d iu ny c th cng lm gim thm mc s dng thp ca cc knh quang khi lng nhu cu tng client khng ln.
Kh nng phc hi nhanh cc kt ni client chng li cc s c c

thc thi ti mt trong hai tng gn s c hn. Trn thc t trong nhng trng hp ny kin trc hnh 2.27b s truyn mt na s kt ni ca tng client gia hai nt A, B trn bc sng 1 v mt na cn li trn bc sng 2. Do n c th:
Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

46

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

Phc hi tt c cc kt ni client khi xy ra mt s c nt n hoc s c on n trong mi ring. Ch phc hi mt na cc kt ni client khi xy ra mt s c on lin kt. iu ny gip tng cng hiu qu s dng ti nguyn nh khi s dng VRA trn OCh-DPRing nhng li gim kh nng phc hi nhanh lin kt. Do phng thc trong hnh 2.27b khng th c xem nh mt lin kt dualhoming. Nt A Nt A

L1

L2

L1

L2

L4

L3

L4

L3

Hnh b Hnh a Nt B Nt B Hnh 2.27 Lin kt dual homing da trn kin trc ring o, (a)p dng cho OC- DPRing, (b) p dng cho OMS - SPRing 2.4.2.2 Cc kin trc ring o ci tin C mt s kin trc khc c th tng cng hiu nng ca VRA trn OCh DPRing m khng nht thit phi s dng chc nng tch v chuyn tip quang l gii php s dng mt single - homing trn cc ring lin kt vt l vi nhau qua cc nt kp. Hnh 2.28 miu t kin trc ny trong cc trng hp OCh DPRing v OMS - SPRing. Lin kt logic l mt single-homing v mi bc sng c tch t ring bi duy nht mt OADM.

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

47

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

Mc ch y l s dng mi bc sng truyn mt na s kt ni tng client nn v mt nguyn l th yu cu ti nguyn ging nh trng hp ca VRA trn OCh DPRing (hoc tt hn tng ng vi OMS-SPRing). Mi mng con (SSN v d mt ring) khng ch phc hi mt s c nt n hoc s c on n, m c th cho php chng li c trng hp nhiu xy ra s c (mi s c trn mt ring) gia nt A v B. Nhng c hai kin trc ny u km hn kin trc s dng VRA trn OCh - DPRing ti cc nt lin kt: ch phc hi mt na s kt ni tng client khi xy ra s c ti v tr lin kt. Nu thc thi bo v cc b 1:N cc knh quang lin kt gia L1 v L3,gia L2 v L4 vt qua im yu ny th gii php ny cng kh hiu qu v mt chi ph. Nt A Nt A

L1

L2

L1

L2

L4

L3

L4

L3

Hnh a

Nt B

Nt B

Hnh b

Hnh 2.28 Kin trc ring o ci tin, (a) OC- DPRing, (b) OMS - SPRing Nhn ton cnh mt mng quang ta c th thy n c cu thnh t mt mng li (mng trc back bone) v cc mng con thnh phn lin kt vi mng li mng li v lin kt vi nhau. Cc kch bn bo v trong cc mng WDM c phn tch trong cc cu trc t p c bn nh ng thng, vng ring, li (mesh). Hai cu hnh vng ring v mesh hin ang thu ht c s quan tm ch yu ca cc nh thit k. Sau nghin cu hot ng ny khi lin
Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

48

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

kt gia cc mng con vi nhau, v khi lin kt vi cc tng khc bn trn (nh SDH, ATM,IP) . i vi cu hnh ng thng ta c th p dng trc tip cc k thut bo v tuyn ring/chia s. Mc d c bo v nhng cu hnh ny tim tng rt nhiu nguy c nh t c tuyn cp hay s c thit b nn n ch c s dng giai on u th nghim cha pht trin dung lng m khng my khi c s dng trong cc mng qui m ln. Cc phng thc bo v 1+1/1:1 SONET/SDH. im khc bit gia bo v WDM v SDH l khi ch khi xut hin s c trn mt si hot ng th chuyn mch ca u thu tng ng ca pha pht khng bit g. Trong khi SDH c hai u thu u bit trng thi ca si bo v. Cc kin trc OCh DPRing v OCh SPRing thc thi bo v lp knh quang. Cc kin trc OMS DPRing v OMS SPRing thc thi bo v lp on ghp knh quang nn tt c cc knh quang trn cng mt chng s c bo v ng thi khi xut hin s c. OCh DPRing s dng cc chuyn mch quang chuyn mch lu lng ln si bo v khi xy ra s c v khng yu cu bo hiu. Cu hnh ny c th chng li s c chng n, s c a chng, hay s c ti nt trung gian trn tuyn hot ng nhng c nhc im chung l yu cu chi ph t hn so vi cc gii php khc. Trng hp OC DPRing bn si nu cho php ti s dng cc bc sng th tng s bc sng s gim xung nhng yu cu chuyn mch bo v c hai u cui trnh xung t bc sng trn si bo v khi xy ra s c. OCh DPRing s dng hai si truyn ti lu lng theo c hai hng. Trong iu kin bnh thng, mi si mang mt bc sng khc nhau (1 thun chiu kim ng h, 2 ngc chiu kim ng h). Nu mt on hay mt nt b s c th cc nt k cn s nh tuyn li cc bc sng cho on cung b ca n. Cu hnh OMS SPRing phi thit k bo v ring cho tng chn nn rt t v khng c tnh kh thi. Cu hnh OMS SPRing bo v chia s nn cho php s dng ti nguyn kh hiu qu. OMS 2 SPRing truyn lu lng trn c hai si, mi si cp pht mt na tng s cc bc sng cho cc knh hot ng, na cn li d phng bo v cc knh hot ng trn si kia. Nu mt

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

49

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

on hay mt nt b s c, cc nt k cn s dng cc chuyn mch 22 nh tuyn li cc knh hot ng truyn qua on cung ln cc knh bo v ca si truyn ngc hng ti cng mt bc sng hot ng. OMS 4 SPRing l ring WDM hai hng mi chng c bn si quang, mt cp si quang dng truyn lu lng hot ng, mt cp si quang kia dnh cho d phng bo v cho cp hot ng. Khi xy ra s c s dng cc chuyn mch nhanh 22 ti hai nt k cn vi s c chuyn mch bo v ni vng lu lng trn cc si hot ng ln cc si bo v. Yu cu c bo hiu phi hp chuyn mch c hai nt kt cui s c. C hai gii php bo v 1+1 v 1:1 u dnh ti 50% dung lng cho bo v v c th p dng bo v tng knh quang trong mng li WDM, cc OXC chuyn tip khng phi cu hnh li trong trng hp xy ra s c. C ch bo v ring c th phn chia thnh hai loi: mt l loi tuyn bo v v tuyn hot ng ch tch bit v SRG, hai l tuyn bo v v tuyn hot ng tch bit c v SRG v cc nt trung gian. Trong bo v chia s tuyn, mt tuyn quang bo v gia hai nt c thit lp bo v cho N tuyn quang hot ng gia hai nt. Bc sng d phng dnh ring trn cc on ca ng d phng c th chia s vi cc ng d phng khc. Gii php ny gim c chi ph nhng phc tp hn v cch thc thc hin do yu cu trao i thng tin bo hiu v phi cu hnh li cc OXC kt cui cc knh WDM chia s. i vi cu trc mng quang WDM hnh li (mesh) s dng cc OXC chuyn mch quang trn ton mng. C nhiu cch thc thi bo v on trong cu hnh mesh, nhng trn thc t c hai chin lc cp pht dung lng d phng ph bin: gii php s dng cc vng ring vu hi v gii php tng qut ho vng lp ngc. Nguyn l cc vng ring vu hi p dng cho mng li WDM nh sau: trc ht mng c phn tch thnh mt s nhm con cc si, mi nhm con c qun l nh mt vng ring v c trang b mt h thng bo v OMS ging nh OMS SPRing. Khi mi h thng bo v s phn ng vi s c bng cch ni vng cc kt ni b s c. Mt s gii php ang c nghin cu v hon thin trn th gii: gii php ph nt. gii php ph vng, gii php ph vng kp v gii php P cycle.
Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

50

Chng II. Bo v trong mng truyn ti quang WDM

n tt nghip i hc

Trong thc t cc mng quang thng c xy dng theo kin trc phn cp, mi cp c th xem nh mt mng con. Cc min mng con c trin khai thng s dng cc kin trc c bn nh CS Ring, OMS SPRing, v kin trc li s dng cc OXC. Da trn ba kin trc c bn ny, ta c th to ra bn kin trc mng tham chiu l: CS Ring hai mc, OMS SPRing hai mc, kin trc li/ring, v kin trc ring/li.

Nguyn Trng Cng, D01VT

51