hax-

hahmh
hTlmlAhoxhwNiY

hmFaals-dlwsMaoxhWo lwsMlCxw ah-saziYlaxazhwm-hhzaR hhnT 1979 s-nT 1991

s-y hmFaalLxzhaxLaL mxQ-iyEz 7 ihhAs nT 1982 ahl oq :
-

aj- hax- ( dhh) l hahmh ( yo)s-oxhwNiY

hx iWlxaz iYm 30.000j2 nTazlixL hl hdhh

laoh yo zazhw
-

lhx 10.000j2 zx shhTlhaxxaxoazxwy xzhaxLaL

hmFaal y :
...

s-kqohLl y xazs-QxmcnTazixLhx laoh

(hm) wsMaoxhWo mwh lnTazixL hl hdhh
(hax-) laoh yo (hahmh) wsMlCxw mwhzx a-L

xzhhWolxwo-lhx-hBwNaL l:iliW
hTlhmFhroxlsMhmFazzl ...
ax 1 : xzhQxmcnTazixLhx azlaoh
(hmm)wsMaox hWomwh lnTazixLhl hdhh (hax-)

laohyo (hahmh)wsMlCxwmwhzx oxzhaxLaL

...
hax- h dhh l hahmh ( yo) xzhs-Qxmc
hclzl imhL s-mlhTlhmFaal oxhwNiYszS

-hBwNaxLaL
xaxLaL axx hax- (dhh)l hahmh (hyo) wPz
s-ozhsiY zlhWoahs-jilxUlazhWo zlzhss-jil-m
s-dyEoaz zlzSxozhsiYzl s-hTlaxLaLy j
xshzRhTl zLmLl jiYaxooxs-mhjilxUlazm
(ahhhc ooox l) swL hLmLl xhcichaxojmwjwP
mwzl mwzl xhs-oHh-az lCul (18411860)

-h ss hc hTl axLaLazhWo -h (z 442) -hy :

jxyhTlyEw ahalCm-zlCxz azhWolaxcxl

jxxloomFo alC xzalCjxy axshazhWo
ah wZ- sm s-lkqz xahhhraz
saj-ahlLxleiY zaz ah-hBLh:xZl jhraowmah
xh-sazzx U az hzdhs ...

lhazhWo shah wZ- ic ah-s-ahw lCul

zlCxz (1860) sSrJyEz 11 i nT 1863 hTloZahw xL s-
oZLa lCulh lhhlhss hWoah swmzhoazwj
y hl
hTlwZ-l azhWomxajhpcrazs-oxill

l LmmhzhzlzlaxLaL sshalxmwmlxm hTl:

-Lm l lLm l s-lThrHq-ahmwloly axL

hl s-hTl ashWo liWlsaz mqesjwhYhashWo

zhzlzl hax- hTl-s-lshazhWoahhwZ-ic a

hw xL alCdhxLlmh (nT 1864) mrx hax- z

xmrzhs s-il-mzcjlCzlxhs-ixLr (xl s-
aohl)
-hy hTlnT 1855 ahwaz lCul -hKmxYzao wl

z 3 azlLlmhhTl-s-alClhoiY sy
zhss-swLhz mxljil-mzcjlC xs-plaz
(jxxl) j xahsozhsiY (. sdl q hTl axLaLazhWo z 99)

qzx Lls-dowZ--azhWo hxL ycly :

zhshl axjxz alhhxl sLmh -zhsazhWos-ow

Z- zhxoam-hamajsM-ls-wZ--azhWolwhs
hhwxasswmLmhlwj hl lazhWo lAx l
lAxxzzxhTljxh- oclazhWolazxw
(shalhmFRo-h sMaLz 1 sM-mhWoaoxZ -m
mrixwlaLlThiThhloamzx

zws-ohmU lfqhhzhsiYzshahhaxxaxsMhhl
jhsh hax- ahhaxxaxls-hjCz-lpY a hTlnT
1939
x-ixmhLmmxL-hjCz-wNm pY a w
s-Kz-hz-hl myEz 31 h nT 1939 -h
smlhaoxz :
o-hy zlxZ-oyYLlzx -mwzlmlAhs-hTlpl

az s-hzzljTlazhWo l hl
QmlAh s-xwLnTaziY s-icyxoxnT
aziY s-s (-U) s-hlslmxLz lHhzlzlnTazaz
hWohTl:-licili xhx- lxaL ohmmaxxshh
zlahhaxxaxohazhWo

mlzhQs-dyE s-lBao-sMs--hzl lBmxL

nclhxazlnE axlhxxzhsazhWo sUzzhzllsMhhl Lz
izxz
x my hzlws-ilolieRxs-hxhllnTaz jxmwmaaz-
lazhWolhl s- 140 le oljiloliewN smz
s-Hho myEzlaxaxxaxsazhWo sMhwZ-:hmF
o hTlTh--hzl
hzls-yxilxUlieRx zlhdhhzl- axahhaxxax
hlxzzx axslyieRxiwNs-hwx zShdhh xjilol
smE 3 j mwms-ilolxh
d wmsM-lwm- -hzl laxmhlsmjTlhl
lazhWo sUolhzzljTzjx
hL ajxohaxxaxsM-l-wP mwhrfe (dpendance) ssh
zl zhshss-

-hmxhwsUhamm-osaq
xQ-i : a

jdhhxj-y -ix -h a s-hxhhiY Kz-h sl l

s-amazhWoz x orH Kmr-hz-lhl
L zohmohxj swmh-zhsiYlwhs hmhLmL-
aohs-iYics sxy -ixrHhlmU :

...hax- yEahzloozhsiY xhx- lxaL

ohmmaxxshhzlahhaxxaxohazhWo ... my
ozhshl

-hBwNjWaL
-ixzxs-hxlfqkqmUwzzx wllxlhTlhhxhzh
siYzrF-hTlzhswjl jmchTl-ixmc (bulletin de soit communiqu) myEz 14

ihnT 1914 L hah s--hhahlsazhWo

-hnczl-h sl s-lailah:

QaLhzl jozlazhWo s-mazz jmldhaxxax

sla- soxohiY
mwmzx s-jmlhhmw jnhaz zh nThxhz s
-Us-ahs-pYsmjT amh nclhxhTl-zhah hTl-s-h-
ajyTh nhazzhs- 1,10 l j-mlAxLmwP x ohs-
Yx h-wyE hah s-olazhWo xozhshlzq s
rHhLlzx QaL s-hzlhxl lszshwxh
zlrHhsmUyozhsxhwNiY zhzlaxhlswLhzhs
(asazhWo s-h nh z 157)

ds-jmYw j-ixmc myEz 14 ih nT 1914 mwhmhLm-h

a q myEz 31 ih nT 1939 jm 25 nTahhQ hzl

s-rHhj-wlslxsMhl hTlhhxhzhsiYswm
s-oThahwZ- hzalhzhshls-ozhswj

xds-jdhhxj-lmlmhTlhnclnc s-ohiolzzx
jhzz-C- soh-h s-hhahlslazhWo l-hjCza wy : ...QaLhzl jozlazhWo...
ohi soazLs-jaxhs-dyE s-rJ lxjf
nT 1982 L zSazhohxLhTlhshrJxLhTlhhwxas iWlxaz
az s-ax 76 rJ hyiwNz 3 mly y jsjh

jss-xm-zhTlazssaznTaz

-hBwNaL
hah yxirahzh hh:wL 10333 6 E :zzl 10 30
6N il-hax-Lms-h :wL 104 2032 E :zzl 10 24 5 N
ilxUlhah j hyY h:wL 103 46 07 E :zzl 10 28 0N

ilxUl hyY mE a 1,5j j h z 1 lz 2 h:wL 103

47 44 :zzl 10 25 4 l:wL 103 47 42 :zzl 1024 3 hah hyY
h zSxoiY
ilxUl h mEa 6 z 7j zs- hax-
j-zilhx hax- q jz-ilahlh jkq hze hxU-
hr halAl h (z2) hzl hzSxoiYs
qzx jh ieRxa zhoRxmhzhsliY l Rxhx- hax-
jilml hxLmwP
x xohx-z s- hax- jzhozhshl
s-SrJlll/ yoh ? (-zilah)

-hBwNmU
x axncmh s-ixmmxL-h a s-y ajo
ha-hTlesM-l-xwP azlrHhyzxy rfs-yxhax

ahw rfaxzhsh
kcsh hax- hTl -hBLh: s-ichzhss-sMhlhzdozh
swj s-yEahz laj-z s

laxxax-hlxh axhs-nT 1949 laj-zhshlzlz s zq xmUl-i 49733 myEz 4 iy s-ha -hBLh:hl

wj zoaz hTll q zhxazhWolh-a

l l ahahewsMl lwhs
hTl-s-sMlherfhl xwlaLlm
yzldwl y w sd (motion Deferre) dyEz 23 i nT 1949
s- 4mwm :
-

z1 LjiYs-hl

z2 hshzcjlCoamhzhaziY

z3 Lhlaj

lz 4 Tdhhajas

xzlhs ldslss- aj-hlzl-z s

ljYmUd sUlaj-zhss-oic zs-oFs

xz -Tzahlfw hTlnT 1954 LLwNm aowmahhWo
dew:yclzhsazhWohls-laj-z
ew: y :

... mULoxzz-C- 6 lhTlhdoFzhs s- :

-

hhhzhss-z F

hhhzhs ssMwms-hhz ax-

hhhRhaj-ssMwmw

hhh ahhwx-s-axxwhclx

hhhsFzhsRz sw

lhhhxhallhhhshclhlz

hhhs (-zhshWoah) ohhhsimU szhsozhs

s-z hhhzxhaaxLzsaahxzx-hBiwN s-mlhTl
mhLml (Acte de Berlin) nT 1885 l ohhho-l lrHh
schzazszzxl
hhhssMwms-hhzhsaxx-xzh sxysM
wm (s-oFzhs)ss- sM-azhWohxss-
hhzsshaj-w zssM slCh ssMwm
w (s o Congrs jLox Socit des Nations lChaoox ONU) hz
s x-hLoxwh
hhclx-lx h sjmhrhZlsUhha
sl z-hY (passivit) aheaxiY
hTl:-s-hoo-hTlRhTlhz
hTl-s-lhdowZ--iYhzs axxwP aj-zl
heaxiYlfqhLomxL xhx hshclhlz rHhy iYlm-osm
ixzhsiYs-hz smohTlnT 1738 az lC
-h-hhlzalCzxz- ol sUlhmxzlmqxl
hTlnT 1776 az lC hixL -l (ql)lixL (y)
hq sncxhhlhiY s- hljilah hTl-s-h
x lanllLm hTlnT 1859 ahw lCul -hhlzz xaoh
(msh)

hTl-s-lhs- hxz-jT (ol) L

hxq heaxiYxldomFoh- : az lCx hTlnT 1645 dhzz
zhsLlm s-ahhaz lCmR LzzyzxhTlnT 1653
smmaz lCul s-lhodLj ixsUlhixL
iYzlYs-hlhq ahw xL hTl-s-alCdswz
aj hTlix- nT 1864

jnTah-SrJshazhWoahwZ- l
alCsMhlaj-ixLiYs-hWoahhiYq
hTl-s-azhWoaxhhso ahw xL xmhLyclhw
alCmyEz 25 iy nT 1945 mrijlazxwhTlhalalaz
j shhlzrF-o alCrHhlmUzSazhWo -
zhshl TlAxojwhYhmahwxasiYl
sM- w (sM-oq) zz--ahTlnT 1945 j-hwhxaso
yY oaos-azhWo
ah-s-sM- oq hmqz -s-llaxjzxw
s hTljlalal jzl 3 (rF-zhsxlhl wP lhlzozhsx
xw) ahw xL d-ixmyEz 20 ih nT 1948 sUjCzlwNm L-swlzls-zhzlzlhmms-lldolazxw
s-alCl xsadsldhid-idiY lmxQ-i-hmFa
al y hmFaal nhaz l Accords de la Baie dAlongol s
hTlnT 1948 s zz-C-j-hwalal jzl 3 ahw xL
dhahhxlhmFaalzlzx-ixalC myEz 18 iy nT 1948
hTlnT 1949 alC rHjwaxiY sUzx-hhehTlsMl mU
s-LhcL-hBLh:hl hHhlzlazxw lxhrFzhsiYs-hlzhTlazxw
....

10

hTljrF ew:Thsa 2 l :

...
-

Tzahlfw zz-:hmFhTlhhswahTlrfzlazhWo
azl lazxwz s-yo:hmFlChellChaoox
aTzaxxhmhLmhTlrfLwNm hTliw:az
hWoTzzz-slhxic LzSazhWo-zhshl
TzrHwlzlChaoox

ohTz-yaxxsarfwNm sma axxs

arfs-mlrfLhhoyY hTliw: azhWo
Ts-Tz TzshjwhYh sxwlazl
azxw lazhWo s-hhYdlhswasaa-jT hTlrf
hl

...

Tzahlfw mdajz xjYwdsld rfiYxzzx

L zlwhs hHzhshlzlazxw xzhzldzl

hax- ssmldjm hax- -hBLh: smh

sozhshlz
mhLy hTl-s-laj-hlz hax- axm-zhTlhaj-
z

xzahhzx yEz 7 iy nT 1957 Lm xL -alCo

hsMaL x-ixs--hKz-h -- osMaLahlhraz sMaL

11

mxhw sUhrhzls-yxhTlplaz (zlhax-l) o

mlAh ahmh (fl) s-y yo ( hTlxQz hax-)

mlAhahmh mE 143j ahla zlhhhhlrhhwL-iT nT

1957 wP j-Lml-ixLhx lhliYixL zs- sU lao
hhclll clj (phare) z x-ixmyEz 26 iy nT 1957 sM
aLahlhrox
x-s--ixLhxzs-mlAh jyEz 18 iT jaxxkqhhh
hsxwP
mwh hm q () yxmE 100j ahlas axahl
-d mlxlzz hTliy nT 1972 allhalhx ahzz-ixrJx myEz 22 imGh nT 1969 sM-aowmahhWom
yEz 12 iy nT 1975 m 2 iah -- ax-shiYahz -mz
hh mlAhm () joxhcls-h-yEz 12 i nT 1975
h-ml id sMh axhiYahq
xahhohejTzahlTqlxwlhiYahlxwlh ahhjlAx
whazhYLszzx hshicyzqz jhTlyEz 12 inT 1975

yEz 30 iT nT 1957 hTlahxZLhhwxasiWlxazazhWo ahw

xL ax rHhmUy azhWohezSaxLaLic- hax- (lax
6 ahxZ)
hTlnT 1963 hTl aLazhWo WnT 1963 -h xj ThaoK
iYTh odhilheaxaL jlC lhB y hax- ohiYsxahs
hHTlnT 1969 hax- (dhh) yxhTlrHochhiY eszLhsMaLahl
ehYl ah-i 61 (hTlmwhzl 64)
yEz 1 i hhAs nT 1972 sM--h - - rHhoyY mrxZaz
hWo -iWlxazic as-ajahalS:zl s-ahohY
hTlx -hzls-lhx ahdohY-xsjYh
rJxsM-iY

12

- hax- oiY

nT 1975 s- nT 1978 Qhwss-

zxyEz 07 hhAs nT 1982 wPs-ls-xlxlls-ah

wm xSrJL zhaxLaL hx hax- (dhh) azl

hahmh (fl yo) z

rJL zSaz nT 1958

l-zxmULoxzq hax- ohiY
mUs-LzSazs-nTaz axdlsTzlChaoox
s-dhTlihX: xzs-i hTlnT 1958 zahl fw
azhWo hTl-s-oTz-hz 1 fw hTlnT 1958 L zShTlaz
mwhhTlTzs s-- azm 86 m- hlxwllCh
lChaooxmol 20 zxl
- jwaxaowmahhWo shs-h ch nx mxQ-i-hmFa
alrF LmxQ-i-rJmyEz 29 i 1958 z szh:hmFsM
-aowmah
ahh iYmxQ-i-rJLox- zSaz nT 1958 yEz 24 ihX: nT
1960 x-ixahlhmFhz-i 590 DC lChaooxhK-ixzz- xhq
yEz 1 i nT 1960 x-ix-i 139 (12) ThhmFhmUlCh
yEz 1 imGh nT 1968 mULl axaQ-isLm xL
-i 378/68 CE s-sMoxmyEz 31 ihhAs nT 1968
hmxQ-isazhWo hTlmwm 4 j :
-

rJLazss l xxH (convention sur la mer territoriale et la zone contigu)

rJLaz (convention sur la haute mer)

rJLzlhheoaLaz (convention sur la pche et conservation

des ressources biologiques de la haute mer)

rJLiWlxaz (convention sur le plateau continental)

13

hhwxasiWlxaziY
rJLox s-iYhhxLhTlhdohYlhhwxasiWlxaz
iY
xmU-i 380/68 CE mxxlzrH myEz16 iT nT 1968 axlax 2 ml y :
...

xQlhhwxasiWlxazazhWo joxQlhhwxass-ml
hTlrJLoxahlfw s-mxQ-iyEz 28 i nT 1958 ozxax
1 l 6

yEz 27 ihrJ nT 1969 sM-aowmahhWo dmhLyclhw L azs

s l iWlxaz aowmah srHhy :

s-hy azhWomxQ-i-zrJxLfwLzSaz osM-rHh
shy ldzzlazssiY axhwxm 12 -
aowmahhWo rHhyzxxZsq-qazhWo -iWl
xazic x o xazlazxaz azlajl
zls-z ohYzSazhWo sx dzl axyx
ahwmmUohzSazhWo lahhaxxaxazR-
osM-zz-C-ds-o hwhclmh (fait accompli) ws-r-
z-xZiY-hYzShTlaz

j-j-hw zhmFojwsMaL hTlyEz 11 ihhAs nT 1969 ahl

ehY hTl-s-ahl hlmmolxwlah -d
hTlhhhalS:hTlplaz olahlszzxs-zhzlhTll
sUL-jljyYiWlxaziY sxy jaaz-m s-hwxs
ahxZ-i 662 myEz 30 iT nT 1957 s-d-Tzahlfw nT 1958
z shTlax 4 ahxZ mly : zzzliWlxaz

(iY) axhwxzxoazh 50 oazhzhohwxaaz-ilahiWl

14

xaziY (ahxZmxQ-isahw xL ax -h ohsMaL l-h zm j

osMaahlwhlzjj)

xwlahlehY hTloahYhiWlxaz hmLdhl zxjalhaxKzzLhhsMaL s-Rh shzojwhYh

mFhzsUxZ s--h l oa jwhYhmFhz-h l
, jx n, l hS-, l x, l xl-
xhmhwxasaz h-h oam x zosM-hWo m
Tzs-sM-lsUsM-lhohTlhmFh lrH-h Z
jf (Pierre Legoux) s-odhil oThmFhzLoxilmUL sUhoosM
-iY
hmFaojwhYhdlzLhhsMaL ahhosM-hmqahxZ
mlhhxasiWlxaz s-ahhzxsM- - - LxLzxahxZ
-i 43972 PRKmyEz 1 ihhAs nT 1972

lhhz xhwxasazs-zhzlolazxw shrf

oazhm-oz
hTlhjieRxasaz mwmsj jmwm B s-omwmassjhlazhWo
lxw aszzl (limite latrale) xxieRx a mwm B omwmaaz-
xhs-mwm Pck 13llrGxmhilah hax- slzx ieRx-sM
(ligne de base)azzlnWzhmwm Pck 12, Pck 11, Pck 10, Pck 09, Pck 08, Pck 07, Pck 06

mzlz-q s-oiehwx iwNhwL-az laziY lazy

(-ilah)

15

16

j--sMhhwxaszzl s-azhWomxQ-i-hmFaalo
ah -d l eZx sUohhalS:hTlpl az azl
hmqmhLyclhwedeoLoxzxl (-ilah)

17

jdhmYwy -s-ahalS:zl oh-hz 2 yEz 25 i

zs-yEz 17 hrJnT 1974 axxw (ilxUl)K-ixhzxhazhWo myEz
29 i 1974 sUkxah -d LhYohhalxzzxil
nTaziY s- zhoxhTlhx
sM-iYhncxzqsrHhy hcls-oh yxhTliWlxaziY z
yzlrHhzxy x sM-iYrJxah -d azhWodhmFh

ohhhhTlx zxhmFaalmyEz 22 imGh nT 1969 lazhWolah

z hmFhzl mLxlihrJ nT 1972 hc s-rf
doYl s-hxl xl-h ...

hTlhzzilxUl xQzs-saxLxLehYalS: (Bulletin des

Industries du Ptrole, de lInstitut Franais du Ptrole) -i 2338 myEz 9 ihrJ nT 1974 ah

mwlol mwlRjThTlmcplaz lazm -d mllhhhal

s-z y :
jxsshaxTx -zszzl rfs-hlhxhTlaz syxmlilahazxw s-ah-d hlohwLz 2 hTlx s-az
hWoL- Ls-azxwzz
ilLLm-z slzhazm ah f- hkqalS:hTl-yY
oxs-wL-sM-sxLwLT ( GRP) dhas-ThhhalS: -
dzls-Thzld s-h-axsMhaj
ahlhmFhz xswlh hsmozhhahTlhZxozx s-h
zsMh hsmohid-ids hTl-s-ahlhzl mhhoyY
ds-ohlehTlrfxw jhmhmjTs-dhTl-alC x
LsqzlomF ThaolahhxxhmhxwP sMh
mxl-hmFaalh -lwmlahyicoThxwlx hw
jilxUlzx ze wms-jzz-C- (pouvoir ni) s-oze:
az hma (progressiste) s-axaz ilehY s-ah

18

ahalS:zl jazsxahs
Lj-omlhaa-z ahWxhaa-s-hlxhxlhTl
x -mwm jjdhhxj-y azhWorGxrGlic hTl-yY
s-zhzlzlhohs-dhTlxasoxw x-z
zlds-axhYsMh

hTl- sM-zl 2 sMzxlic -hhTlazq sUajhe h

oohjThLzzxlsM-zl 2 hTlhxxlx shhxah -d
rIhohLzzxoaq hTlyE 22 imGh ohx hTl-s h-q
ajhhhTlzh (vedette lance-torpilles) lajlelzxoam axsM-zlaq
aq-zs-zhcl sUoyx
h-ohalS: (Glomar IV)hl - xmhmqzhxxzxhaz
-hs-yEz 17 hrJ zmhmq

hdlhswaliYl
hTl-s-jwaxiY zdhmmsMhmFojilxUl yEz 11 imGh
nT1970 ncxh jwaxiYThommjTosl lazzl oq
rfhwxasazlic x- siljncy jYzSloohlz
wjwaxiYhmaxz xhTl- ilj hlfqs-jw
axiYs zm 2 zjshsMYox lzx shl
mwhiliYq L-z s-rHhhhwxasiWlxaziY s-sM-iY
rJxah -d ohhalS: shcajll

mwhilq hohhalS:hm-aha-jTs
jxshsqyc srh-iWlxaziY
xzyEz 2 ihhAs nT 1971 sM-iY mqmhLyclhw as-aj
ahzls-ohhalS:hTlxplaz s-ahxZ
iY

19

yEz 16 l 17 i nT 1972 slz-mhLyclhwyEz 2 ihhAs sM-iY

dmhLyclhwzx LhhwxasiWlxaziY KmhLyclhw
srHhhlmU- zajQzxzls-Tq
QzxiYs-ahlaj dhxzsM-ilxUloaq mrhxzsh
-iWlxaziY
x z-sqyc-hz 2 s-dsi nT 1973 -
ahm 25 hm-sqyc xxmol 10 wPs-ahzlm-sqyc
o- mwhxszzxs-ixh-iWlxaziY ahwm-zsqyc
hz

RhsUherfhwxaiwNiWlxaziYmU- sM-iYxlxl
jwhYh shs-h ozsMaL sUloohjTolazoxil
jwhYhdhhehoams-zhzlzlhmFaallSrJ s-l
azhWolazoxil mxls-azlahwZ-lh xh
s-- zrFhmqohhwxas s-hwxsahxZ-i 43972/PRK
myEz 1 ihhAs nT 1972

hojTljwaxilxUl ljwaxiY-hz 1 Tq
ojTlhhsqyco-hz 2 rHjwaxhzahlTq jyEz 13
i nT 1973 xhrHqsM-iY s-d-s-jwaxiYzooho
LrfsMhmFyEz 11imGhnT 1970 sUloohjThhwxiWlxaz
azzl 2
jwaxiYs-zoohojwax -h l hahloajw
ax, -h l x h-zZh, x yl hhmFhsMhmFahlhz,l l
ThmFhzahlehY, mR jChahlhw, p nx hhliY,h
x ahlzhlzoxiY,i y xwlahlwh, d ahx hahlz,
-h h q hhmFhsMhmFzLhhsMaL, l l ahlehY ooh

20

hTlhoohjTm 4 sl xjTh jwax lfqjaslic

sL-rhZllicl sUoxhxl
mwzs- j hax- s-y dhh l hahmh yo s
hzl QaLixhTlhjiWlxaz oaos-azs-
hzl 2 oic
jwaxilxUl TieRxms-hxxmc hm () l

hahmh (fl)
wmlahjwaxilxUl jRxs-hxhlolRxs-Hhzl
sL--y hzlahhaxxaxiY lzxahhaxxax
(-ilah)

21

22

xw jwaxiY-a sxy hahmh hsmo hax- s

Uyxahhaxxax (mxli nT 1957 h) xzhsh l
yxozhsw (s-h a)
ajwaxiYzz--azxwilxUl mhLy iYzz-C-y
hahmh l hax- ohYzS qzx sjhTlw yxil
olLmil-ieRx a x ajwaxiY-a ieRx a
l-ldzx asmoiYzz-C-l-a-ieRxm-l
sm s-ohRlj-hwiYzlal s-xlzhieRx zoieiwN
zzl liWlxaziYhs xo-sMhTlhmmjTs

yEz 7 i nT 1957 Lm xL s-ohsMaLiY hsMaLahlhr

ox hehrhzls-hTlplaz zxl o- hahmh
(fl)
jYds-jnE-z xhs-- z-hzl ao-sMiY
hhoxhwNiYs

mrjwaxiYq Tjs-nEilah hahmh s-mlhTl

ahxZmyEz 6 ihX: nT 1970 lahhrHhsahxZ-i 43972/PRK myEz 1 ihhAs nT
1972
hhejT-hz 1 mzax sajxlfqj-olicwP
xzlwhsjzlhamjTsy -hahjwaxzl 2 lojTzxzahl
aj

nTahh ji s-i nT 1974 sM-ilxUl hhsqyc-xm

33 zxhTlplaz hTl-h-iWlxaziYa 43.000j2
(-ilah)

23

24

x zsM-iY dmhLyclhwzx jmhLyclhwyEz 15 i nT

1974 s-rHhasiWlxaziY lhaoyYLlzx s-ajahzl
s-wlhsqyc

hojTljwaxilxUl ljwaxiY-hz 2 aj
hojTo-hz 2 dzahlaj si nT 1975
hojT hamsmU-z s- zlazhWo zlxw
ilxUl hhYLhlxlBqhxiclwh
yEz 17 i nT 1975 azhWochzhTlhaxxaxhiYah xwq
hhYLhzchsM-s jyEz 30 i 13 yEahh
hmmjThmax

rJL zSaz nT 1982

rJs-L zSaz nT 1958 s-dxhTl: 3 i s-xaz
mm- szicmlhswasrJz

xrJnT 1958 zazzlmmF-hs hoswhhznWzh

hsaoh-rfs-hxlds-zhzll az s
xz mxlnT 1968 h lChaooxmdhrJ
hTlhmFhe hmFheahl fw nT 1968, nT 1972 L xaz os
hTlTz azhWohm-s s-h h (1968) l-h x (nT
1973) oThxwl
hTliT nT 1973 (yEz 3 zs-yEz 14) Tzzx zahl qh s-azm
143 zm- - jwaxazhWo xwls-h l x s- -h
l l, i y, h x ooh hzm-s
hTl-hejT haaljTwz shidljxjToam
o-rf azss -hwxrf aoh, rf h, rf amhaz,
rf z, ..-

25

smo-rfhhwxas azss os wdlm azicTy

axhwxhx 12 - Thiczxyhwx 200- xzhhejTLlzx z
ahl hh az w s-dyEz 20y xzs-yE 29 i nT
1974 hTl- azm 148 az hTljwaxiYl zm-
jwaxiYshs-h hh j- osMaLahlhz l -h x x, l x, i
y, -ha ql l, -h x, l lnx ooh

TzLoxmxxzzx : Tz-hz 3 fw yE 17 s- 10 , -hz 4

qh yEz 15 s-yE 8 nT 1976, -hz 5 qhss- yEz 2 s- 17
hrJ nT 1976 TzS-hz 6 lChaoox-rf zSaz dlhTl
i nT 1977 zahl qh s-- azm 156 z

xlTzSs-dl hh ahs-jy ah 77 (az

hlnWzhhuO) (pays en voie de dveloppement)mo w ahlaz

hZ izi nT 1974 sUldlh- sUz-lazs-owm

azhWorHjwaxzhTlTzs s--h lx, l l-h
l

xhs-nT 1982 zxQzaaljT y rJLzSaznT 1982

lxjf az fh myEz 10 iT nT 1982 hTl 320 ax l 9 WS

jo-zS-hoohjTl azm 119 -amxQ-i-mU

rJL zSaz nT 1982 lhmFaaliY nT 1982

xrJmlah s-y iWlxaz j ss-Lsm-zhTlaz (prolongement
naturel du territoire terrestre) s-jhwxsmxz :

xzs- jilah (rebord externe) jssjh (marge continentale)x- 350

-z
js- 200- iYRx-sMs-jmazssz iWlxaz
axhwx 200 -

26

jilahjssjh oxol 100 - ieRx-sM asiWlaxhwx

100-

zhzlzliWlxaziY hhwxyY ihhwxhTlrJnT 1958 z

qzx hTlrJyYnT 1982 ax 77 mly :

1. azs-nTaz ahzSic-iWlxazic sUlhh

hzqh--Yoxs-z
2. zSs-mlhTlhyiwNz 1 ohzS mhLy aaznTaz
hhsUzqh-iWlxazz hzqh-Yoxs-z
z jYazws-mldlsmz sjYh-asmU-az
s-oFz
3. zSazs-nTaz -iWlxaz zhzldzlhhhw
zhhhdsxahs hsxsMhY (indpendants de loccupation effective ou
fictive) hs

hshahw

...

mhLz hmFaaliY nT 1982 s-mly : s-kqohLl x

azs- QxmcnTazixLhx laoh wsMaoxhWo
mwh l nTazixL jl hdhh laoh yo wsMlCxw
mwh zx aLxzhhWo lxw o-lh...
l ax 1 SrJ s-mly :
xzhQxmcnTazixLhx azlaoh wsMaoxhWo

mwh lnTazixL hl hdhh laoh yo wsMlCxw

...
kc Ral-z-xQrJ nT 1982 lohLxiYzlal

27

x :

hax- s-yxmisjhiYixLhx mEx 15j siY

xxQL-srJLoxL zSazo ss-LssjhiY

s-sm-zhTlaz ,
-

jmlsmz mrazxw s-zs-oxxl hax-

jixL xl (hl)s-mE 60j mlilxUlh hxieRx a
rGxh ,

j-zilhx hax- q jz-il ahlh jkq hze

hxU- hr halAl h (z2) s-zSxoiYs ,

-

jh ieRxa zhoRxmhzhsliY l Rxhx- hax-

jilmlhxLmwP ,

zSazs-nTaz -iWlxaz zhzldzlhhhw

zhhhdsxahs hsxsMhYhs
hshahw ,

mhLsmil- hmFaal nT 1982 s-sM- l / mxQ-i

oxamTh hzl 2 j hax- l hahmh zsxmw
os-R s-jxaoox Rlj-hw Rlaoao-sMiY
zl s-iYajoihrowh

yEz 27 i x- nT 2004
sjwhYhashWo

28