TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TPHCM KHOA K THUT HA HC B MN CNG NGH THC PHM

BI TP MN HA HC THC PHM

CC ACID BO KHNG THAY TH

Nhm SVTH: Phm Vn Diu Nguyn Minh Cng Trng Thng Vi

61100513 61100464 61104190

GVHD: ThS. TN N MINH NGUYT

TP.H Ch Minh 11/2012

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TPHCM KHOA K THUT HA HC B MN CNG NGH THC PHM

BI TP MN HA HC THC PHM

CC ACID BO KHNG THAY TH

Nhm SVTH: Phm Vn Diu Nguyn Minh Cng Trng Thng Vi

61100513 61100464 61104190

GVHD: ThS. TN N MINH NGUYT

TP.H Ch Minh 11/2012

1

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

CC LOI ACID BO KHNG THAY TH

MC LC
Chng 1: Tng Quan cc axit bo khng thay th ..................................................... 4 1.1: Khi nim axit bo............................................................................................ 4 1.2: Cc axit bo khng thay th ............................................................................. 4 1.3: Tnh cht chung ca cc axit bo khng thay th ............................................. 4 Chng 2: Chc nng, ngun cung cp v vai tr ca tng loi acid bo khng thay th................................................................ 5 2.1 Omega 9 ............................................................................................................ 5 2.1.1 Acid oleic ................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Omega 6 ............................................................................................................ 7 2.2.1 Acid linoleic ........................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Acid Arachidonic ................................................................................... 10 2.3 Omega 3 ............................................................................................................ 12 2.3.1 Acid Alpha Linolenic( ALA) ................................................................. 12 2.3.2 Acid EicosaPentanoic( EPA) ................................................................. 15 2.3.3 Acid DocosaHexaenoic( DHA).............................................................. 16 Chng 3: Mt s bi bo ni v li ch ca acid bo khng thay th trong thc phm ........................................................... 17 3.1: Vai tr ca axit -linolenic trong thai k ......................................................... 17 3.2: DHA - ti sao cn cho tr? .............................................................................. 19 3.3: S CN THIT CA DHA ........................................................................... 21 3.4: EPA - Khc tinh ca suy mn ung th. ........................................................... 24 3.5: 9 cu hi v Omega - 3 .................................................................................... 26

Mc lc hnh
Hnh 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ................................................................................................................. 6 Hnh 6 ................................................................................................................................. 8 Hnh 7,8,9,10,11 ................................................................................................................. 11 Hnh 12,13,14,15 ................................................................................................................ 12 Hnh 16 ............................................................................................................................... 13 Hnh 17 ............................................................................................................................... 15 Hnh 18 ............................................................................................................................... 16
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Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

Mc Lc Bng
Bng 1: Cc axit bo khng thay th ................................................................................ 4 Bng 2: Cc sn phm cha axit linoleic .......................................................................... 10 Bng 3: Cc sn phm cha axit linolenic ........................................................................ 14

Ti Liu Tham Kho .................................................................................... 28

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

Chng 1: Tng quan v axit bo khng thay th 1.1: Khi nim v axit bo
L cc acid bo khng no cn thit i vi c th, con ngi khng th t tng hp c, cn thit chng lo ha t bo v sinh tng hp hoocmon sinh sn

1.2: Khi qut v cc loi acid bo khng thay th thng gp

KH
18:1D9

Tn thng dng Acid Oleic

CTCT Omega 9 CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH(CH2)7-COOH Omega 6 CH3-(CH2)4-(CH=CH-CH2)2(CH2)6-COOH CH3-(CH2)4-(CH=CH-CH2)4 -(CH2)2-COOH Omega 3 CH3-CH2-(CH=CH-CH2)3 -(CH2)6-COOH CH3-CH2-(CH=CH-CH2)5 -(CH2)2-COOH CH3-CH2-(CH=CH-CH2)6 -(CH2)-COOH

18:2D9,12 20:4D5,8,11,14

Acid Linoleic

Acid Arachidonic

18:3D9,12,15

Acid Alpha Linolenic (ALA)

20:5D5,8,11,14,17

Acid Eicosapentanoic (EPA)

22:6D4,7,10,13,16,19

Acid DocosaHexaenoic:(DHA)

Bng 1: Cc axit bo khng thay th

1.3: Tnh cht chung acid bo khng thay th

Cc acid bo khng thay th ch yu tn ti dng cis, cc ni i cch nhau 1 nhm CH2

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

Nhit nng chy ph thuc vo v tr, cu trc v s lng cc lin kt i. a s trng thi lng nhit thng, mch C di v khng tan trong nc. Phn ng hydro ha vo ni i s lm du thc vt to thnh m ng vt Du thc vt hydro ha ging ht m cu, nn thc t ch hydro ha mc nht nh gi li s ni i. Phn ng hydro ha nh hng n gi tr dinh dng du v n lm gim acid bo cn thit, hm lng vitamin v mu sc cc cht carotenoite thng c mt trong du. Rt thit yu rt quan trng trong vic hnh thnh cu trc mng t bo, rt quan trng i vi cc chc nng sinh l ca c th, nh ngn cn s mt nc qua da ca c th hay ngn cn s kch thch qu mc ca h thn kinh.

Chng 2: Chc nng, ngun cung cp v vai tr ca tng loi acid bo khng thay th
2.1 Omega 9 2.1.1 Acid oleic _ CTCT: C17H33COOH

_ CTPT: CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH _ Tnh cht vt l:

B ngoi: Cht lng nh du mu vng nht hay vng hi nu. C mi ging m ln. ho tan: Khng ho tan trong nc, tan trong ru, ether Nhit nng chy: 13-14C, tinh th hnh kim Nhit si: 360C (760mm Hg) T trng: 0.895-.947 g/cm Ts/100mgHg= 286C Hydro ha to thnh acid stearic, xc tc niken _ Ngun cung cp:
5

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

L thnh phn chnh ca cc loi du olive v du n: du olive( 80%), du nnh, du hnh nhn( 34%), du bng( 33%), du ng( 31%), du tung( 15%) Chim khong 25% trong m cu v b, 35% trong sa m Tht cng chim khong 36-43% acid oleic Acid oleic c hu ht trong tt c cht bo chng ta bit ngy nay

Hnh 1: du olive cha n 80% acid oleic

Hnh 2:5520 mg/12g b sa tch bo

Hnh 3: 4100 mg/10g M b

Hnh 4: 4800 mg/12g m heo

Hnh 5: 11700 mg/30g tht b Nht

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt _ Vai tr:

Lm gim lng tng cholesterol trong mu, lm gia tng lng HDLs( highdensity lipoproteins) v lm gim LDLs( low-density lipoproteins) (HDLs c coi nh cholesterol tt v LDLs c coi nh cholesterol xu) Lm chm li qu trnh pht trin bnh tim mch v lm tng cht chng oxi ha trong mu, ch n giu olive c th gim huyt p L nguyn liu trong du Lorenzo, 1 loi thuc ngn nga bnh ALD( adrenoleukodystrophy), 1 cn bnh tn cng tuyn thng thn con trai v dn n s yu dn trong c th bnh nhn dn n t vong Dng trong x phng, m phm, kem dng da C nhiu trong sa m, l thnh phn chnh ca cht myelin bao quanh si trc t bo thn kinh, gip dn truyn tn hiu thn kinh, cn thit cho s trng thnh chc nng phn x, hc hi, t duy ca b Kch hot mt th th protein no, to ra cm gic no - t s khi dn mt lot s kin sinh l a n kch hot dy thn kinh rut - tn hiu t rut s c gi tr li no bo co: no!.

2.2 Omega 6 2.2.1 Acid linoleic _ CTPT: C17H31COOH _ CTCT: CH3-(CH2)4-(CH=CH-CH2)2-(CH2)6-COOH

_ Tnh cht vt l: Dng lng nhn nhit phng, mu vng Tnc= -7C, Tdd=-18C, Ts/15mmHg=229C Khng tan trong nc nhng tan trong dung mi hu c D b oxy ha to cht nha khng tan _ Ngun gc: Trong cc loi du: du phng( 80%), du ng( 50%), du bng( 43%), du lanh( 61%), du da, du gai, du hng dng( 65%) Cc loi m ng vt: m heo, m c, m g L 1 trong 2 thnh phn chnh ca vitamin F c coi l acid bo chnh trong thc vt v l thnh phn c bn dinh dng trong ng vt

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

Hnh 6: du phng cha nhiu acid linoleic

Name

% Linoleic acid LA

Du ca cy Salicornia Tinh du cy hoa rum

75% 74.62%

Tinh du hoa anh tho 73%

Tinh du ca ht Poppy tinh du ca ht nho tinh du hng dng cy gai du tinh du bp

70% 69.6% 65.7% 60% 59%

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt Tinh du t mm la m 55%

DU HT BNG du nnh Du H o

54% 51% 51%

Du vng 45% Du Cm Go 39% Tinh du argan 37%

du u phng Du Hnh Nhn

32% 24%

Du ht ci tinh luyn 21%

da g

18-23%

lng trng trng Du Ht Lanh

16%

15%

m heo

10%

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

du olive

10% (3.5 21%)

Du c

10%

b cacao

3%

Bng 2: Cc sn phm cha axit linoleic

_ Vai tr:

Gim nguy c gy bnh ung th, c bit l ung th tuyn tin lit, tng HDLs, gim LDLs Phng chng vim da, bnh chm( eczema- ni mn nc tr), nghin cu cho thy tr em thng thiu ht acid linoleic dn n nhng bnh ny Gim nguy c gy tiu ng, x nang C th gip tr em bo ph hoc tha cn gim cn hiu qu C th chng lo ha, gip hp th vitamin E v C, tng cng linh hot ca s tun hon h thng v chng tia UV, bo v collagen trong da ci thin vim sng. H tr gim thiu triu chng vim khp t min, lm gim tnh vim sng. ng gp khong 1-2% trong khu phn n dinh dng hng ngy Dng trong y hc, thc phm, m thut sn du Hm lng acid linoleic l tiu chun quan trng nh gi gi tr sinh hc ca cht bo.

2.2.2 Acid Arachidonic

_ CTPT: C19H31COOH _ CTCT: CH3-(CH2)4-(CH=CH-CH2)4-(CH2)2-COOH

10

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt _ Tnh cht vt l:

Dng lng nhit thng, mu vng Tnc= -49.5C, Tbay hi= 407oC Trng lng phn t l 304.467 g/mol. Khi lng ring l 0.9245 g/cm3. _ Ngun gc: Ch yu chuyn ha t acid linoleic Khng tn ti trong du thc vt Trong tht, gan, trng g, m b, m g, m heo, b Chim 20% trong du gan c ng, phi la, ty xng

Hnh 7: du gan c cha nhiu acid arachidonic

Hnh 8: 86 mg/18g trng g (sng)

Hnh 9: 80 mg/17g trng g (luc)

Hnh 10: 387/90g tht c thu (sng)

Hnh 11: 36 mg/10g tht c voi (sng)

11

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

Hnh 12: 60 mg/20g gan heo (sng)

Hnh 13: 26 mg/10g c Angler (sng)

Hnh 14: 12 mg/5g to bin ( ct v phi kh)

Hnh 15: 210 mg/100g c pilchard Nht (ng hp)

_ Vai tr:

Gip tng kh nng tng trng v pht trin Tham gia cu trc mng t bo, duy tr tnh lu ha ca mng t bo iu ha lng cholesterol trong mu Gip c bp rn chc v khe mnh, l dng cht cn thit cho cc vn ng vin Tuy nhin, qu nhiu arachidonic trong mu li d gy ra cc chng vim c, vim khp, cao huyt p Cc chuyn gia cho rng ngi b tim mch trn trnh n thc n cha arachidonic Chim khong 3-4% gi tr dinh dng trong khu phn n hng ngy ca tr nh ngi ln bnh thng nn c 2-3 phn n c bo mi tun tc tng ng vi 1250mg EPA+DHA/ngy Kch hot syntaxin-3 (STX-3), mt loi protein tham gia vo s tng trng v ti to cc t bo thn kinh

2.3 Omega 3 2.3.1 Acid alpha linolenic( ALA)

_ CTPT: C17H29COOH
_ CTCT: CH3-CH2-(CH=CH-CH2)3-(CH2)6
12

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

_ Tnh cht vt l:

Dng lng, tan trong dung mi hu c Tnc= -11C, Ts/17mmHg= 230C Trng lng phn t l 278.43 g/mol _ Ngun gc: Trong cc loi du: nnh(2.3%), phng( 0.5%), lanh( 25%) M c basa, m g, hi sn Chit xut t du gan c ca cc loi c sng t bin su L 1 trong nhng acid bo khng no chnh thc thc vt v c bn ng vt

Hnh 16: du lanh cha nhiu ALA

13

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

Tn sn phm

% axit -linolenic (ala)

tri kiwi

63

perilla (tho dc thuc h bc h) 61

ht chia flax (ht lanh)

58

53[ 59

lingonberry

49

camelina (chi tr)

36

purslane (rau sm) black raspberry (mm xi en )

35

33

hemp (cy gai du)

19

canola (hoa ci)

9 11

Bng 3: Cc sn phm cha axit linolenic

_ Vai tr:

L tin thn ca DHA v EPA Gip gi huyt p n nh, gia tng 1% ALA trong ch n gim ti 40% nguy c nhi mu c tim Gim cng x va ng mch ng thi lm cng ng mch Gip cho da d hng ho, ng thi gip da trnh nhiu tc ng nhy cm bn ngoi v ht m tt Gip tng trng, sinh tng hp hoocmon
14

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

Duy tr pht trin ca no v l thnh phn ca t bo no Gim ng k cc triu chng lm sng ca hi chng kh mt Cn duy tr s cn bng tng i gia acid linoleic (LA) v acid alpha-linolenic (ALA), t l LA/ALA nn mc 5/6 n 15/16 Lng ALA cn thit l 1,7 - 4% tng lng acid bo 2.3.2 Acid EicosaPentanoic( EPA) _ CTPT: C19H29COOH _ CTCT: CH3-CH2-(CH=CH-CH2)5-(CH2)2-COOH

_ Tnh cht vt l: Dng lng nhit thng, mu trng Ha tan trong du m Phn hy nhit cao Trng lng phn t ca EPA l 302.451 g/mol. EPA _ Ngun gc: Trong cc ging c lng xanh, ch yu sng vng lnh nh c hi, c tuyt Trong cc loi du gan c v trong b

Hnh 17: c hi- 1 loi c cha nhiu EPA _ Vai tr: S dng nh vt cht cu trc thnh t bo L thnh phn cu to ca eicosanoids( hp cht truyn tin), l 1 phn h min dch. n nhiu thc phm cha EPA gip tng kh nng min dch cho c th Lm tng lu lng mu vn chuyn ln no, lm tng hiu qu hot ng ca no b, ng thi tc dng tch cc ln h min dch, cn bng hoormon v thm ch ci thin tm trng. Gip tng cng tr tu, thn kinh, da d cho tr Gim nguy c pht trin bnh tim. EPA c tm thy trong du c gip gim lng cht bo trong mu, gim huyt p, ng thi gim ci thin sc khe ca ng mch v gim x va ng mch.
15

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

Gip da d mn mng, tng cng th gic Khong 2-5% EPA trong khu phn n mi ngy l S dng qu liu EPA c th gy bun nn v tiu chy, ng thi trong du c cha hm lng thp thy ngn, v th ph n c thai khi s dng EPA nn tun theo s ch dn ca bc s

2.3.3 Acid DocosaHexaenoic( DHA) _ CTPT: C21H31COOH _ CTCT: CH3-CH2-(CH=CH-CH2)6-CH2-COOH

_ Tnh cht vt l: Dng lng nhit thng, mu vng Trng lng phn t ca DHA l 328,6g/mol v Tnc= -440C Khng tan trong nc nhng tan trong ether D b oxi ha nhit cao _ Ngun gc: C nhiu trong cc loi c vng bin su nh c Green Land Nht Bn, c thu, c trch, c hi Du nnh, du bp, to bin M c basa

Hnh 18: c tuyt Greenland cha nhiu DHA

360 mg/10g gan c Angler (sng) 340 mg/10g tht c voi (sng) 5812 mg/250g tht c thu Nht 780 mg/30g c thu 2160 mg/90g trng c hi _ Vai tr:
16

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

Gim nguy c mc cc bnh v tim mch, thit lp quan h gia DHA v s pht trin ca no b Bo v no khi cc tc ng ca s lo ha. Khi v gi, DHA thng suy gim nn vic b sung n l iu cn thit. Thiu DHA thng d dn n chng Alzheimer( chng mt tr nh ngi gi) DHA cng c vai tr trong vic tng cng tr thng minh tr, tr em c ngun sa m tt thng thng minh hn DHA l thnh phn cu to nn cc noron thn kinh v cc vng mt mt, chc nng khng tn ti cc acid bo khc. S thiu DHA lm gim hot ng thn kinh ca vng mc, lm gim nhy ca th gic, lm thay i nhng phn ng hnh vi v gy ra nhng cn kht bt thng, v c nhng phn ng bt thng v thnh gic v khu gic. Ngn chn s to nn cc t bo ung th Gim p lc mu, gim x cng ng mch ng thi lm mm li nhng ng mch x cng Lm gim huyt p bng cch gim hm lng cortisol trong mu. Ngn chn qu trnh vn cc mu, ng thi gim lng triglyceride v cholesterol Tr em v tr s sinh cn khong 100-150mg/ngy, nhng trn thc t chng ta ch cung cp c 20-50mg DHA mi ngy Cn b sung thm cc loi vitamin E hp thu d dng DHA Theo tnh ton, 100 gam c hi cung cp 700mg DHA, cung cp DHA trong 1 tun cho tr. Tuy nhin, hin nay cc sinh vt i dng d b nhim bi thy ngn, chng ta khng nn dng nhiu cc loi c i dng, to bin... m nn u tin nhiu loi thc phm khc nhau cung cp nhu cu DHA cho tr.

Chng 3: Mt s bi bo ni v li ch ca acid bo khng thay th trong thc phm

3.1/ Vai tr ca axit -linolenic trong thai k

Cc b bu qu quen thuc vi vic phi b sung cc dng cht thit yu nh axit folic, canxi v cc cht dinh dng khc. Ch c mt s t ngi bit c phi b sung acid -linolenic khi mang thai. Cc chuyn gia y t xc nhn rng acid -linolenic l c s vt cht quan trng trong vic duy tr s pht trin no b ca con ngi v l thnh phn quan trng ca cc t bo no. N l tin cht thit yu ca cc axit bo khng no cu to nn cc eicosanoids c chc nng h tr h min dch, gip c th tr khe mnh hn. Alpha-linolenic acid l mt loi omega-3 axit bo c tm thy thc vt. N tng t nh cc axit bo omega-3 trong du c, c gi l axit eicosapentaenoic (EPA) v axit docosahexaenoic (DHA). y l cc cht dinh dng quan trng nht cho s pht trin no b ca tr s sinh, trong bo thai hoc tui sm.
17

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

Nu thai ph khng ch b sung acid -linolenic trong thi k mang thai, thi im tt nht dung np, hoc thiu ht rt c th dn n s pht trin bt li cho thai nhi. Chng c th chm pht trin tm thn, tm nhn km, chm phn ng, sc khng yu v thm ch gy hu qu nghim trng l bi no. iu ny chc chn s l mt s hi tic lu di i vi c gia nh. m bo s tng trng nhanh chng v thun li cho s pht trin no b ca bo thai, cc chuyn gia ca T chc Y t th gii khuyn bn nn b sung lng acid linolenic khong 1000mg mi ngy. Nhng trong thc t, do hp thu ch n ung ngho acid -linolenic nn nhiu ph n mang thai khng m bo cung cp lng cn thit cho c th. V vy, vic ch tiu th cc thc phm giu axit -linolenic l rt quan trng. Ngun thc phm giu acid alpha-linolenic bao gm ht lanh, du ht lanh, ht ci v du ht ci, u nnh v du u nnh, ht b ng v du ht b ng, du ht ta t, u h, qu c ch v du c ch. Alpha-linolenic du c sn trn cc loi du nu n, bao gm du ht ci du v du u nnh, v trong cc loi du thuc, bao gm du ht lanh. Bit c iu ny, cc b bu nh ch trng n vic b sung cc thc phm giu acid alpha-linolenic trong ch n ung hng ngy nh!

( Theo hanhphucgiadinh.vn)

18

Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

3.2/ DHA - ti sao cn cho tr?

Tri Thc Tr - Nhiu b m nui con nh, ph n mang thai, dng nh u nghe n hm lng DHA "gip b thng minh, nhng thc cht DHA l g, ti sao cn cho tr th khng phi ai cng hiu cn k.

Gio s, tin s Peter Willatts. Gio s, tin s Peter Willatts, Khoa Tm L hc, i hc Dundee, Scotland - chuyn gia dinh dng hng u th gii, va n H Ni, trnh by cc kt qu nghin cu mi nht v DHA trc hn 600 chuyn gia y t, dinh dng, v hng trm khch mi l ph n. y l hot ng nm trong khun kh hi tho khoa hc Hm lng ng DHA gip b pht huy tim nng hc hi, do Hip hi Nhi khoa Vit Nam v Mead Johnson Nutrition t chc. Nhiu b m nui con nh, ph n ang mang thai, dng nh ai cng nghe n hm lng DHA "gip b thng minh, nhng thc cht DHA l g, ti sao li cn cho tr th khng phi ai cng hiu bit cn k. Tin s Peter Willatts g ri bng nhng nghin cu khoa hc ca ng v cng s xung quanh vai tr ca DHA. iu khin nhiu ngi ngc nhin, l v gio s tt nghip Tin s ngnh Tm l hc ti i hc London, Anh (nm 1974) ny c nhiu nghin cu (cng cng s) lin quan lnh vc y hc.
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Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt Mi nht l nghin cu ngu nhin nhm chng v vic b sung iodide tr sinh non; Hm lng hormone tuyn gip s sinh tr sinh non v kt qu pht trin thn kinh lc 5 tui ri; Mi quan h gia tnh trng axt bo ca thai ph trong thi k mang thai vi nhng vn nn v hnh vi ca tr thi nin thiu. Tin s Willatts m u: DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) l thnh phn cu trc quan trng ca mng t bo no, nh hng n s hot ng ca cht dn truyn thn kinh (neurotransmitters). N tm thy trong tt c cc m, c nhiu trong m thn kinh vng mc v dn truyn tim mch, h tr vic myelin ha lm nh hng tc dn truyn thng tin. Ngi ta hay nhc n DHA vi vai tr chnh l pht trin tr no cho tr. Song, nhng nghin cu gn y cho thy DHA c ng gp quan trng trn nhiu cp , c th chia thnh ba nhm: H tr pht trin tr tu, pht trin th gic v tng kh nng min dch. Khi b m mang thai v cho con b m n ung m bo c DHA trong khu phn n (200 mg/ngy), th a tr m bo DHA pht trin ton din, a tr s khe mnh, c tr nh tt hn. Tr s sinh v tr nh s c ci thin ch s MDI v th lc, i mt tr s nhn tinh, r hn nu c cung cp DHA u n. Tr c b sung DHA t b nhim bnh h hp, bnh d ng. Hai nghin cu ngu nhin nhm chng nui sa cng thc 12 thng, c cha DHA 0.32% - 0.36% (17 mg/100 kcal) v ARA 0.64 - 0.72% (34 mg/100 kcal) cho kt qu nhng a tr ny t b bnh nhim trng h hp v bnh d ng. Nghin cu khc, tr t 4 n 10 tui trong cc trng hc ti Bangkok (Thi Lan) cho thy, tr c b sung DHA t b nhim cm cm, cm lnh, hoc tiu chy. Ngoi ra, thm ch DHA cn gip b m thot khi chng trm cm sau khi sinh. Chng ti cng c nghin cu cho thy mt a tr t lc mi sinh cho n khi 9 tui b sung DHA y th n 9 tui huyt p ca tr s cc k n nh - li Tin s Willatts. Ngi ph n trong thi k mang thai c cung cp y DHA s gip ci thin kh nng gii quyt vn tr nh. Nghin cu, ngi m c cho thanh ng cc c cha DHA (t EPA) hay du bp, lng DHA n vo trung bnh hng ngy l 214 mg, trong sut thi gian t lc mang thai cho n lc sinh con. Mt th nghim vi a tr ca b m ny khi b ln 9 thng tui: chi ln ci khn ln t trn bn, sau ly ci khn nh trm kn chi. Theo di thy a tr ny bit gii quyt vn theo hai bc: u tin b ko tm khn bn, sau nm ly tm khn y v tm chi. Vi a tr ca b m khng b sung DHA, th nghim tng t th khng gii quyt vn trnh t c nh vy lc 9 thng tui. Ngoi ra, qua nghin cu cho thy, mt s a tr hiu ng khng tp trung vo vic hc tp th vic b sung DHA y cng ci thin c tnh trng ny. C th ni, b sung DHA li ch lu di cho s pht trin ca tr, song thc t tr em nhiu nc trn th gii, trong c Vit Nam ang c b sung DHA trong thc n hng ngy vi hm lng thp hn rt nhiu so vi mc khuyn co.
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Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt Khuyn co ca T chc FAO, WHO (nm 2010), lng DHA vi tr 6 thng - 24 thng: 10-12 mg/kg, ph n c thai v cho con b: 200 mg/ngy. Khuyn co gn y v lng DHA hng ngy y ca ANSES - Cc An ton thc phm Php (nm 2010), vi tr 0-6 thng: 0.32% tng lng acid bo, tr 6-12 thng: 70 mg/ngy, tr 1-3 tui: 70 mg/ngy, tr 3-9 tui: 125 mg/ngy, ph n c thai v cho con b: 250 mg/ngy (tt nhin, bn cnh hm lng DHA cn thit cho tr, tr cn c cung cp thm cc dng cht quan trng nh Choline, Km, It, St, Vitamin B6 & B12, v nhiu cht dinh dng khc, gip tr pht trin tr no v tng trng th cht ton din). Tin s Willatts cho bit, trong sa m c DHA (trung bnh DHA sa m chim 0.32% tng s acid bo), nhng c DHA hay khng li ty thuc vo ch n ca b m c hm lng DHA khng. Nghin cu trong 50 ph n cc quc gia khc nhau, cho thy, nng DHA ph n Canada, M, Australia, Mexico u thp hn 0.32%, trong khi ph n Chile, Trung Quc, nht l Nht Bn, Philippins nng DHA li rt cao. iu d hiu ph n cc nc Chile, Trung Quc, Nht Bn, Philippins h n nhiu c hn. V tin s n t Scotland khuyn, cc b m nn n thc phm c DHA trong khi mang thai v cho con b, nh c bo v hi sn (th d c hi, c thu, c ng, tm), hoc b sung du c. Nu khng th cho con b, b m nn b sung cc loi sa cng thc c DHA gn vi nng trung bnh sa m (0.32% - 0.36% tng lng acid bo). Trc cu hi "nu tha DHA tr c b nh hng?", Tin s Willatts tr li: "Cha c bng chng c th cho thy c hi khi tha DHA, c l thiu DHA th c hi hn l tha mt cht. Nhng nu tha nhiu DHA qu th thi gian ng mu ko di, v d a tr b chy mu cam th thi gian ngng chy mu cam s lu hn". Li khuyn t cc t chc, chuyn gia l tip tc cung cp DHA sau 6 thng u i, v trong sut thi k tui tr. Nam Hong Tri Thc Tr

3.3/ S CN THIT CA DHA

Hin nay, c rt nhiu loi thc phm, nht l sn phm sa dnh cho tr em lun c qung co rm r v hm lng DHA. Sn phm no cng c DHA, cng gip tr em pht trin tr no v thng minh vt tri. Tuy nhin, thc t th hm lng DHA c ng vi nhng cng b c ghi trn nhn mc?

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Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

Lu khi chn mua sa b sung DHA cho tr. nh: P.V

Vai tr ca DHA i vi c th DHA (Docosa-Hexaenoic-Acid), l acid bo khng no cn thit thuc nhm acid bo Omega-3. Nhng acid bo khng no cn thit ny c th chng ta khng t tng hp c m phi a vo t ngun thc phm. DHA c vai tr quan trng trong s pht trin ca con ngi, c bit l tr nh, l: DHA rt cn thit cho pht trin hon thin chc nng nhn ca mt, s pht trin hon ho h thn kinh. Nu thiu DHA trong qu trnh pht trin tr s c ch s thng minh IQ thp. Theo mt s nghin cu theo di ti khi tr 8 - 9 tui ngi ta thy tr c b sa m v ch n cung cp y DHA c ch s IQ cao hn 8,3 im v t l chm pht trin h thn kinh gim thp hn c ngha. ngi trng thnh DHA c tc dng gim cholesterol ton phn v triglyceride mu, LDL - cholesterol (cholesterol xu) gip d phng x va ng mch, bnh nhi mu c tim. v nhu cu DHA ca c th

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Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

DHA c nhiu trong cc loi thy sn.

Theo khuyn co ca T chc Y t th gii, tng s cht bo trong khu phn nn t 1530% nng lng, trong cht bo khng no c nhiu ni i - PUFA (omega-3, omega6) nn c t 3 - 7% tng nng lng; khong 0,6 -0,8g/kg th trng/ngy (ti a 1,5g/kg th trng/ngy). Trong acid bo omega-6 (linoleic acid); 40 - 60mg/kg th trng/ngy; tng s acid bo nhm omega-3: 50 - 150mg/kg/ngy, trong DHA nn 35 - 75mg/ngy. T s DHA:AA nn t 1:1 ti 1:2 l thch hp. B sung DHA bng cch no? Vi thai nhi: Ch n trc v trong khi c thai rt quan trng i vi tnh trng d tr cc acid bo khng no cn thit (EFAs) cho thai nhi. c bit trong 3 thng cui thai k, trung bnh mt ngy thai nhi cn 2,2g EFAs/ngy cho s pht trin h thn kinh v mch mu. Cc tr non v s sinh bnh thng i hi phi cung cp DHA bi chng khng c kh nng chuyn tin t DHA t du thc vt hay cc thc n thay th sa m khc sang DHA. Sa m cung cp EFAs cho tr, v vy vic cho con b hon ton bng sa m trong 6 thng u v cho b ko di ti 24 thng l rt quan trng. Trong sa m t 40 - 45 ngy sau khi sinh DHA chim 0,3%, AA: 0,4% v DPA: 0,2%. Trong nhng trng hp c bit tr khng c b m th phi la chn cc thc n thay th sa m c b sung cc acid bo ni trn. Trc ln sng thng tin v DHA trong cc sn phm t sa khin nhiu ngi, nht l cc b m ang nui con nh, c nhng ng nhn v n. Do vy, cn thit phi c quy nh x pht qung co khng ng, sai s tht v gy hiu lm cho ngi tiu dng. DHA c nhiu trong cc loi thc phm thng dng nh: C hi, c thu, c i , c mi v c bin da xanh, lng trng, to bin v cc loi tim, gan, no, thn ca ng vt.
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Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt Mt ba n vi cc loi thc phm trn va c th b sung DHA cho c th va c th tit kim ngn sch gia nh. tienphong.vn/Suc-Khoe

3.4/ EPA - Khc tinh ca suy mn ung th.

20%-30% t vong trong ung th chnh l do tnh trng suy mn gy ra. EPA l mt axit bo omega 3 chui di vi nhiu ni i m c th khng t tng hp c EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid), mt acid bo omega-3, c xem nh mt v kh song hnh trong iu tr ung th, gip phng nga v iu tr tnh trng suy mn c th do khi u gy ra. hiu r hn v loi dng cht thuc (pharmaconutrient) ang c ng dng kh ph bin trn th gii trong iu tr bnh l ung th, chng ti trao i vi TS-BS V Vn V, Trng khoa Ni 1 Bnh vin Ung Bu TPHCM, v EPA. - Phng vin: Tha bc s, EPA c tc ng nh th no chng li qu trnh suy mn, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy t vong cao cho ngi bnh ung th? * TS-BS V Vn V: Nguyn nhn ch yu gy suy mn ngi bnh l do cc t bo ung th to phn ng tng vim v phng thch cc cht d ha gy hin tng thy phn protein (ly gii m). Qu trnh ny khin ngi bnh chn n, c th mt nhiu nng lng, gim st cc khi c dn n tnh trng bt ng, suy tim-phi v t vong. 20%30% t vong trong ung th chnh l do tnh trng suy mn gy ra. EPA l mt loi axit bo omega 3 chui di vi nhiu ni i m c th khng th t tng hp c, c tc dng c hiu trn chui mt xch bnh l qua c ch khng vim v lm gim mc hot ng ca yu t gy thy phn protein.

TS-BS V Vn V

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Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt - Ngay c khi c mt ch n giu dinh dng, bnh nhn ung th vn kh trnh khi nguy c b suy mn. L do ti sao? * Cc ch n thng thng vi mc ch tng nhp nng lng nhng li t ra khng hiu qu trong vic chng suy mn v khng nhm trng c ch gy ra hi chng ny ngi bnh ung th. EPA khi c dng vi liu tng cng s gip gim cc phn ng gy vim qua hn ch tc ng ca cc yu t trung gian ha hc (EPA cnh tranh arachidonic acid cho cc men cyclo-oxygenase v lipoxygenase chuyn thnh cc eicosanoid. Cc eicosanoid hnh thnh t arachidonic acid c tnh gy vim, trong khi t EPA c tnh khng vim), gip phng nga, lm chm, ci thin tnh trng suy mn. Vic b sung EPA nn c thc hin trc khi tnh trng chn n, mt mi, mt cm gic ngon ming xy ra. EPA c tc dng dc tnh, theo khuyn co t Hip hi dinh dng ng tnh mch v tiu ha M (ASPEN), liu EPA b sung ti u l 2g/ngy, kt hp ng thi vi ch dinh dng cao nng lng, giu protein v trong iu kin iu tr tng th s gip nng cao th trng bnh nhn.

Dinh dng tng cng EPA l mt trong nhng phng php ti u trong chng suy mn ung th - Tng cng s dng EPA mang li kt qu nh th no trong vic nng cao cht lng cuc sng cho bnh nhn ung th, tha bc s? * Dinh dng tng cng EPA c th gip ngi bnh sng thoi mi, khe khon hn, ngay c trong giai on tin xa hoc cui. C ch dinh dng ng song hnh cng s m bo cho bnh nhn thch ng tt vi vic iu tr. Nh vy, EPA c vai tr tch cc trong mi giai on bnh. Qua theo di v phn nh t pha bnh nhn cho thy, vic s
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Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt dng cc ch phm c cha EPA em li hiu qu c ngha, bnh nhn c chuyn bin tch cc v mt th trng, tm trng thoi mi, nh kh nng p ng iu tr tng ln. Hn 20 nghin cu lm sng trn th gii v dinh dng tng cng EPA (ProSure) cho thy EPA c c ch khng vim v gim phng thch cc yu t d ha, l mt dng cht thuc trong iu tr chng suy mn trn bnh nhn ung th. Vi liu dng 2 g EPA mi ngy (tng ng vi 2ly ProSure/ngy) s gip bnh nhn ung th chng li s mt khi c lin tc, gim p ng vim c hi, ci thin s ngon ming. Kt qu nghin cu b sung dinh dng qua ng ung bng sa Prosure thc hin trn 60 bnh nhn m ct sang thng ung th d dy ti TPHCM cho thy nhm bnh nhn c b sung dinh dng bng Prosure tng cn tt hn mt cch c ngha (2,04 kg) so vi nhm khng dng (1,2 kg) sau 4 tun iu tr.

3.5/ 9 cu hi v Omega - 3
Omega 3 l g? Omega 3 thuc v h cc axt bo cn thit v cha bo ha, nhng cht bo tt m chng ta c th n thng xuyn. V c th khng th sn xut c trong khi cc t bo li cn n chng vn hnh tt, chng ta phi tm kim cc omega 3 trong thc n hng ngy. Omega-3 c quan tm n t bao gi? T u nhng nm 80, cc nh khoa hc xy dng mt mi quan h gia vic n nhiu c (thc phm giu Omega-3) ca ngi Nht Bn v t l bnh tim mch thp dn tc ny. K t , rt nhiu nghin cu c thc hin cn nhc nhng c tnh ca cc axit bo ny. Ngy nay, ngi ta b sung thm cho chng tc dng chng li s trm cm, gim nng lng, cc bnh nhim trng, thp khp.v.v. Tc dng ca chng c b thi phng? Omega-3 khng to nn iu k diu ging nh mt s ngi suy ngh. Tuy nhin, mt iu chc chn l chng l ng minh ca ng mch. Cc axit bo ny gim t l triglixerit trong mu, gim cholesteron tt. Tuy nhin, d cho kt qu ca nhng nghin cu nhiu quc gia khc nhau rt kh quan, mt s nhng li ch ca Omega-3 vn cha c chng minh trn din rng. Thc phm no c cha nhiu Omega-3? Ch yu l trong m c v loi thn gip, nht l ti sn. Nguyn nhn l do nhng loi ny thch n to v cc sinh vt ph du, rt giu Omega-3.
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Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt Vi mt t l t hn, ngi ta cng tm thy cc loi axit bo ny trong cc ht lanh, du hnh nhn, du lanh, du ci v du gai, cng nh cc loi rau c l xanh nh rau m, rau ci, to bin, rau b cng anh v rau sam. Nn n bao nhiu mi ngy? Thng thng, chuyn gia dinh dng khuyn nn c 2g axit Omega-3 trong ngun thc phm hng ngy. Liu c th thay th di dng thuc b? Trn th trng c nhng vin nhng du c. Tuy nhin, cc chuyn gia dinh dng v cc bc s u thng nht rng ngun Omega-3 tt nht vn l thc phm, cc loi thuc b sung c th gy rc ri v tiu ha. Ai cn Omega-3 nht? Tt c mi ngi, c bit l nhng ngi b bnh tim mch hoc ang c nguy c. Tuy nhin, ph n mang thai hay cho con b cn hi kin ca bc s nu c nh s dng thuc b sung. Lm th no bit mnh thiu Omega-3? Cha c mt xt nghim y t no cho php o t l Omega-3 trong c th. n qu nhiu Omega-3 liu c gy nguy him? Ngi ta c th n khng hn ch cc loi c bo, hi sn, rau m, ht v du u nnh, ch cn thn trng vi thuc b sung. Cng ging nh Asperin, cc Omega-3 ng vin c tc dng chng ng mu. Ung vi s lng ln c th gy nhng vt bm tm di da v tng thi gian cm mu. V vy, trc khi tm n thuc b sung, cn c kin bc s. Ngn Anh Vit Bo (Theo_Tien_Phong)

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Nhm 10: Axit bo khng thay th GVHD: Ths Tn N Minh Nguyt

TI LIU THAM KHO

Casimir C.Akoh, David. B.Min, Food Lipids, Newyork. Belitz H.D., Grosch W., Food Chemisty, Vol 1,2, Marcel Dekker, Inc, Newyorrk. F.D.Gusntone, An Introduction To The Chemistry Of Fat & Fatty Acids. PGS.TS.Thi Don Tnh, C s ha hc hu c tp 2, NXB Khoa hc v k thut, 1999. L Ngc T v cc tc gi khc, Ha sinh cng nghip, NXB Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 2001 Bo Sc khe v i sng Bo Tip th v gia nh Bo HealthDayNews. Cc trang web: o www.wisegeek.com o http://www.tienphong.vn/Suc-Khoe/571754/DHA---tai-sao-can-cho-tretpol.html o http://hanhphucgiadinh.vn/9354/vai-tro-cua-axit-%CE%B1-linolenic-trongthai-ky/ o http://www.tienphong.vn/Suc-Khoe/571148/DHA-trong-thuc-pham---Codung-nhu-quang-cao-tpol.html o http://vietbao.vn/Suc-khoe/9-cau-hoi-ve-Omega-3/70093884/248/ o www.suckhoe365.net

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