SQBS1143 Cellular and Molecular Biology Tutorial 3.

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Instructor: Dr Mohd Firdaus Abdul Wahab 1. Why must DNA be converted to mRNA first, before translation can happen? 2. List ALL the differences between DNA and RNA. 3. Name ALL the functions of RNA polymerase. How does it differ with DNA polymerase? 4. How does sigma subunit of RNAP recognise the promoter region? What determines the strength or weakness of a promoter? 5. What are the important characteristics of a terminator? Discuss them. With all the characteristics present, how does transcription actually stop? 6. What is a constitutive expression of housekeeping genes? 7. How does transcription happen for genes with the -10 and -35 sequences are significantly different from the consensus? 8. How are the genes for using maltose in bacteria switched on? Discuss ALL the components involved. 9. How is the expression of the genes for using lactose controlled? Describe. 10. Differentiate activator and repressor. 11. What is an allosteric protein? Give examples. 12. Describe the characteristics of regulator protein. Include the intramolecular binding characteristics, and the way it binds to DNA (intermolecular). 13. What is CRP? Why is it called a global control protein? 14. What is an operon? What are the common components of an operon? 15. Explain the mechanism of how the cell turns on the gene for using other sugar, e.g. lactose, when glucose has ran out. 16. How does regulation of gene expression by antisense RNA happen? Give example. 17. A colony of bacteria would like to emit light together, to attract the attention of an animal to eat them. How do they do it? Explain the molecular mechanism involved.