CHUYN :

CHUYN 1 :

I CNG HA HU C

I CNG HA HC HU C

CHUYN :

I CNG HA HU C

CHUYN :

I CNG HA HU C

Bui 1: BI TP I CNG HA HC HU C
I/Kin thc cn nh:
- Tnh khi lng cc nguyn t:
m CO2
mH O
mC = 12 n CO2 = 12
mH = 2 n H 2 O = 2 2
44
18
- Tnh thnh phn % khi lng cc nguyn t:
m .100%
%C = C
a
nh lng N:

%H =

mN = 28 n N2

m H .100%
a

%N =

m N .100%
a

nh lng O:
mO = a (mC + mH + mN)

%O = 100% - (%C + %H + %N)

* Ghi ch:
- Nu cht kh o kc (00C v 1atm): n =

V(l)
22,4

- Nu cht kh o iu kin khng chun:

P.V
n=
0
R.(t C + 273)

P: p sut
(atm)
V: Th tch (lt)
R 0,082

CHUYN :

I CNG HA HU C

Xc nh khi lng mol:

- Da trn t khi hi:
d A/B =

mA
MA
d A/B =
MA = MB.dA/B
mB
MB

Nu B l khng kh th MB = 29 M = 29.dA/KK
- Da trn khi lng ring a(g/ml): Gi V0 (lt) l th tch mol ca cht kh c khi lng ring
a(g/ml) trong cng iu kin th M = a.V0
- Da trn s bay hi: Lm ha hi m(g) hp cht hu c th th tch n chim V lt. T tnh
khi lng ca mt th tch mol (cng k) th chnh l M.
Ha hi Cng iu kin VA = VB
nA = nB
Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC:
Da vo khi lng hay (%) cc nguyn t. C x H y Oz N t (x, y, z, t nguyn dng)
mC m H mO m N
%C % H %O % N
:
:
:
:
:
:
hoc x : y : z : t =
=:::
12 1 16 14
12
1
16 14
Lp CTPT hp cht hu c:
x:y:z:t=

1. Da vo phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t:

12x
y
16z
14t
M
=
=
=
=
mC
mH
mO
mN
m
Hoc
12x
y
16z
14t
M
=
=
=
=
%C
%H
%O
%N 100%
2. Thng qua CTGN:
T CTGN: CHON) suy ra CTPT: (CHON)n.
M

M = ( 12 + + 16 + 14 )n
n = 12 + + 16 + 14 CTPT
3. Tnh trc tip t khi lng sn phm t chy:
C x H y Oz N t + ( x +

y z
y
t
)
xCO2 + H 2O + N 2
4 2
2
2

M
m
Do :

44x
mCO2

9y
m H 2O

M
44x
9y
14t
=
=
=
m
mCO2
mH2O
mN2
Sau khi bit c x, y, t v M ta suy ra z
II/Bi tp

14t
mN2

CHUYN :
Ngy :

I CNG HA HU C

Bui :
Dng 1: Xc nh CTPT HCHC khi ch cho PTK:

Cu 1: Mt hp cht hu c A c M = 74. t chy A bng oxi thu c kh CO2 v H2O. C bao nhiu
cng thc phn t ph hp vi A?
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. A.1.
PP gii bi tp tm cng thc PT khibit khi lng phn t M
Bc 1 : t CTTQ : CxHyOzNt
Bc 2: Lp phng trnh a s: M= 12x + y + 16z +14t
( Thng l 12x + y + 16z = M
Nu l * => Bc 1: cz < M => min gi ch ca z
Bc 2 : Xt z tm ra x v y => CTPT
0 < y 2x + 2 +t Thng l 0 < y 2x + 2 i vi CxHyOz
=> y lun chn Gii bi trn
Xt z = 1 => C4H10O
Xt z = 2 => x = 3 => y = 6 => C3H6O2
Xt z = 3 12x +y = 26 y = 26 12x
=> C2H2O3
=> 3 cng thc tha mn => C
Cu 2: Mt hp cht hu c A c t khi so vi khng kh bng bng 2. t chy hon ton A bng kh
O2 thu c CO2 v H2O. C bao nhiu cng thc phn t ph hp vi A ?
A. 2.
B. A. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Xt z = 1 => x = 3 => y = 6 => C3H6O
Xt z = 2 => x = 2
y = 2 => C2H2O2
Xt z = 3 => 12x + y = 10 => loi v x = 0
2 cng thc phn t ph hp => A
Dng 2: Xc nh CTPT HCHC khi cho % khi lng cc cht :
Cu 1: Hp cht X c %C = 54,54% ; %H = 9,1%, cn li l oxi. Khi lng phn t ca X bng 88.
CTPT ca X l:
A. C4H10O.
B. C5H12O.
C. C4H10O2.
D. C4H8O2.
CT : C4H8O2 => D
Cu 2: Phn tch hp cht hu c X thy c 3 phn khi lng cacbon li c 1 phn khi lng hiro, 7
phn khi lng nit v 8 phn lu hunh. Trong CTPT ca X ch c 1 nguyn t S, vy CTPT ca X l
A. CH4NS.
B. C2H2N2S.
C. C2H6NS.
D. CH4N2S.
Chn 1 phn l 1g => mC = 3g ; mH = 1 g ; mN = 7g ; mS = 8g
=> CTDDGN (CH4N2S)n
V c 1 nguyn t S => n = 1 => CTPT : CH4N2S => D
3: t chy hon ton 0,92 g HCHC thu c 1,76 g CO2 v 1,08 g H2O. Xc nh % khi lng mi
nguyn t trong HCHC.
4: t chy hon ton 7,75 g vitamin C (cha C, H, O) thu c 11,62 g CO2 v 3,17 g H2O. Xc nh
% khi lng mi nguyn t trong phn t vitamin C.
5:
Oxi ho hon ton 0,6 g HCHC A thu c 0,672 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 0,72 g H2O. Tnh thnh
phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A.
6:
Mt hp cht hu c gm C, H, O ; trong cacbon chim 61,22% v khi lng. Cng thc phn
t ca hp cht l:
A. C3H6O2.
B. C2H2O3.
C. C5H6O2.
D. C4H10O.
HD:
M = 12x/0,6122 = 19,6x nguyn => x=5=> C

CHUYN :

I CNG HA HU C

7:
Cht hu c X c M = 123 v khi lng C, H, O v N trong phn t theo th t t l vi
72 : 5 : 32 : 14. CTPT ca X l:
A. C6H14O2N.
B. C6H6ON2.
C. C6H12ON.
D. C6H5O2N.
=> D
8:
Nilon 6, loi t nilon ph bin nht c 63,68% C; 9,08 % H; 14,14% O; v 12,38% N. Xc nh
CTGN ca nilon 6.
9:
Kt qu phn tch cc nguyn t trong nicotin nh sau: 74% C; 8,65% H; 17,35% N. Xc nh
CTGN ca nicotin, bit nicotin c khi lng mol phn t l 162.
10: T tinh du hi, ngi ta tch c anetol mt cht thm c dng sn xut ko cao su. Anetol
c khi lng mol phn t bng 148 g/mol. Phn tch nguyn t cho thy, anetol c %C = 81,08%; %H =
8,10% cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN v CTPT ca anetol.
11: Hp cht X c phn tm khi lng C, H, O ln lt bng 54,54%; 9,10% v 36,36%. Khi lng
mol phn t ca X bng 88. Xc nh CTPT ca X.
12:
T tinh du chanh ngi ta tch c cht limonen thuc loi hirocacbon c hm lng nguyn
t H l 11,765%. Hy tm CTPT ca limonen, bit t khi hi ca limonen so vi heli bng 34.
Dng 3 : Xc nh CTPT HCHC khi cho khi lng cc cht trong sn phm chy:
Dng 3.a:
Cho SP chy di dang th tch hoc khi lng:
Cu 1:a):t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 3 hircacbon th thu c 2,24 lt CO 2 v 2,72 gam nc.
Th tch O2 cn cho phn ng l?
A. 5.6
B.4.48.
C. 6.72
D. 3.92
b)t chy hon ton 0,6 gam hp cht hu c X ri cho sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d thy c 2 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh tng thm 1,24 gam. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng
15. CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H6O.
B. CH2O.
C. C2H4O.
D. CH2O2.
Phng php gii : Tm khi lng tng nguyn t trong X C , H , O
Ta c M = 15.2 = 30 T khi vi H2 = 15 => n = 1 => CH2O => B
Cu 2: Khi t 1 lt kh X cn 6 lt O 2 thu c 4 lt CO2 v 5 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh o cng iu
kin nhit , p sut). CTPT ca X l:
A. C4H10O.
B. C4H8O2.
C. C4H10O2.
D. C3H8O.
A: D
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 3 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 4,4 gam CO 2 v 1,8 gam H2O. Bit t khi
ca X so vi He (MHe = 4) l 7,5. CTPT ca X l:
A. CH2O2.
B. C2H6.
C. C2H4O.
D. CH2O.
X l CH2O => D
Cu 4: t chy 1 lt hi hirocacbon vi mt th tch khng kh (lng d). Hn hp kh thu c sau
khi hi H2O ngng t c th tch l 18,5 lt, cho qua dung dch KOH d cn 16,5 lt, cho hn hp kh i
qua ng ng photpho d th cn li 16 lt. Xc nh CTPT ca hp cht trn bit cc th tch kh o
cng iu kin nhit , p sut v O2 chim 1/5 khng kh, cn li l N2.
A. C2H6.
B. C2H4.
C. C3H8.
D. C2H2.
Phn tch :18,5 lt ch cha CO2 v khng kh V H2O b ngng t
16,5 lt ch cha khng kh V CO2 b hp th bi kim => V CO2 = 18,5 16,5 = 2 lt
=> x = VCO2 / VX = 2
16 lt l N2 V O2 b hp th bi P d P P + O2 => P2O5 => VO2 d = 16,5 16 = 0,5 lt
16 lt N2 => V khng kh = 16.5 / 4 = 20 lt V N2 chim 4 /5 do oxi chim 1/5
=> V O2 ban u = 4 lt => VO2 p = VO2 ban u VO2 d = 4 0,5 = 3,5 lt
=> x + y/ 4 = VO2 p / VX = 3,5 = 2 + y/4 => y = 6 => C2H6 => A
Cu 5: t 0,15 mol mt hp cht hu c thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Mt khc t 1
th tch hi cht cn 2,5 th tch O2. Cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca hp
cht l:
A. C2H6O2.
B. C2H6O.
C. C2H4O2.
D. C2H4O.
AD CT bi 66: => x = nCO2 / nX = 0,3 / 0,15 = 2 ; y = 2nH2O / nX = 0,6 / 0,15 = 4
t 1 th tch hi cht cn 2,5 th tch O2 => x + y/4 z/2 = VO2 /VX = 2,5

CHUYN :

I CNG HA HU C

2 + 4/4 z/2 = 2,5 => z = 1 => C2H4O => D

Dng 3.b: Sn phm chy vo bnh ng dd Ba(OH)2 hoc Ca(OH)2:
Cu 6: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X (C, H, N) bng lng khng kh va (gm 1/5 th
tch O2, cn li l N2) c kh CO2 , H2O v N2. Cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch
Ba(OH)2 d thy c 39,4 gam kt ta, khi lng dung dch gim i 24,3 gam. Kh thot ra khi bnh c
th tch 34,72 lt (ktc). Bit d X O < 2. CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H7N.
B. C2H8N.
C. C2H7N2.
D. C2H4N2.
Trong trng hp d kien cho: hap thu toan bo san pham chay vao
dung dch ... d thu c m gam ket tua ong thi khoi lng dung dch
giam n gam: Th nCO2 = n va m - ( mH2O + mCO2 )= mgiam
Nen t ay ta co: mH2O = m - (mgiam +mCO2)
A ng
Cu 21 : t chy hon ton 0,12 mol cht hu c X mch h cn dng 10,08 lt kh O 2 (ktc). Dn ton
b sn phm chy (gm CO2, H2O v N2) qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thy khi lng bnh
tng 23,4 gam v c 70,92 gam kt ta. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Cng thc phn
t ca X l:
A. C2H5O2N.
B. C3H5O2N.
C. C3H7O2N.
D. C2H7O2N.
=> C
Cu 7: Oxi ha hon ton 4,02 gam mt hp cht hu c X ch thu c 3,18 gam Na2CO3 v 0,672 lt
kh CO2. CTGN ca X l:
A. CO2Na.
B. CO2Na2.
C. C3O2Na.
D. C2O2Na.
=> A
Cu 8: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon trong 0,5 lt hn hp ca n vi CO2 bng 2,5 lt O2 thu
c 3,4 lt kh. Hn hp ny sau khi ngng t ht hi nc cn 1,8 lt, tip tc cho hn hp kh cn li
qua dung dch kim d th cn li 0,5 lt kh. Cc th tch c o cng iu kin nhit , p sut.
CTPT ca hirocacbon l:
A. C4H10.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H8.
D. C3H6.
Hn hp 3,4 lt kh gm O2 d C th c ; CO2To thnh + d v H2O
1,8 lt l CO2 v O2 d v H2O b ngng t => VH2O = 3,4 1,8 = 1,6 lt
0,5 lt kh l O2d v CO2 b kim d hp th => VCO2 sau p = 1,8 0,5 = 1,3 lt
=> V O2 p = 2 lt Ch c hidrocabon CxHy p vi O2
Gi a , b ln lt l VCxHy v CO2 trc p
a + b = 0,5 lt
(1)
(x +y/4) = VO2 p /VCxHy = 2 / a a (x + y/4) = 2
(2) CT
bi 66
VCO2 sau p = x. VCxHy + VCO2 trc p = xa + b = 1,3 lt
=>ax = 1,3 - b
(3)
BTNT C
y = 2VH2O / VCxHy = 3,2 / a ay = 3,2
(4) BTNT H
Ly 3 , 4 th vo 2 => b = 0,1 th vo 1 => a = 0,4 => th vo 3 v 4 => x = 3 ; y = 8 => C3H8 => B
Cu 9: t chy hon ton 1,605 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 4,62 gam CO2 ; 1,215 gam H2O v
168 ml N2 (ktc). T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh khng vt qu 4. Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C5H5N.
B. C6H9N.
C. C7H9N.
D. C6H7N.
=> CTPT A: C7H9N
Cu 10: Oxi ha hon ton 6,15 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 2,25 gam H2O ; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt
N2 (kc). Phn trm khi lng ca C, H, N v O trong X ln lt l:
A. 58,5% ; 4,1% ; 11,4% ; 26%.
Cu 11: Phn tch 0,31gam hp cht hu c X ch cha C, H, N to thnh 0,44 gam CO2. Mt khc, nu
phn tch 0,31 gam X ton b N trong X chuyn thnh NH3 ri dn NH3 va to thnh vo 100 ml
dung dch H2SO4 0,4M th phn axit d c trung ha bi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1,4M. Bit 1 lt hi
cht X (ktc) nng 1,38 gam. CTPT ca X l:
A. CH5N.
B. C2H5N2.
C. C2H5N.
D. CH6N.
2

CHUYN :

I CNG HA HU C

A . CH5N
Cu 12: t chy 200 ml hi mt hp cht hu c X cha C, H, O trong 900 ml O2, th tch hn hp kh
thu c l 1,3 lt. Sau khi ngng t hi nc ch cn 700 ml. Tip theo cho qua dung dch KOH d ch
cn 100 ml kh bay ra. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca Y l:
A. C3H6O.
B. C3H8O2.
C. C3H8O.
D. C3H6O2.
CT PT : C3H6O => A
Cu 13: Phn tch 1,5 gam cht hu c X thu c 1,76 gam CO2 ; 0,9 gam H2O v 112 ml N2 o 0oC
v 2 atm. Nu ha hi cng 1,5 gam cht X 127o C v 1,64 atm ngi ta thu c 0,4 lt kh cht X.
CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H5ON.
B. C6H5ON2.
C. C2H5O2N.
D. C2H6O2N.
=> C
Cu 14: t chay hoan toan mt th tich hi hp cht hu c A cn 10 th tich oxi (o cung iu kin
nhit v p sut), san phm thu c chi gm CO2 va H2O vi mCO2 : mH2O = 44 : 9. Bit MA < 150.
A co cng thc phn t la:
A. C4H6O.
B. C8H8O.
C. C8H8.
D. C2H2.
=> C
Cu 15: Cho 400 ml mt hn hp gm nit v mt hirocacbon vo 900 ml oxi (d) ri t. Th tch hn
hp thu c sau khi t l 1,4 lt. Sau khi cho nc ngng t cn 800 ml hn hp, ngi ta cho li qua
dung dch KOH thy cn 400 ml kh. Cc th tch kh u o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Cng
thc phn t ca cht hu c l:
A. C3H8.
B. C2H4.
C. C2H2.
D. C2H6.
Tng t bi 76 => VH2O b ngng t = 1,4 0,8 = 0,6 lt ;
V CO2 b hp th = 0,8 0,4 = 0,4 lt
Mo: p n => CTPT : CxHy V ch cha C v H => x :y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O hay VCO2 :
2VH2O = 0,4 : 1,2 = 1 : 3 => CTGN : (CH3)n => vi n = 2 => C2H6 => D Ch D tha mn t l 1 : 3
Mo khc. Ta c VH2O = 0,6 lt ; VCO2 = 0,4 lt v Vhidrocacbon < 0,4 lt
Vhidrocabon = 0,2 lt Bi s chung ca VH2O v VCO2 Hoc l s VH2O v VCO2 chia
ht
x = VCO2 / VX = 0,4 / 0,2 = 2 ; y = 2VH2O / VX = 2.0,6 / 0,2 = 6 => C2H6
Cu 16: t chy 0,279 gam hp cht hu c X, cho sn phm i qua cc bnh ng CaCl2 khan v KOH
d. Thy bnh ng CaCl2 tng thm 0,189 gam cn bnh ng KOH tng thm 0,792 gam. Mt khc nu
t chy 0,186 gam cht X th thu c 22,4 ml kh N2 ( ktc). Bit rng hp cht X ch cha mt
nguyn t nit. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht X l:
A. C6H6N2.
B. C6H7N.
C. C6H9N.
D. C5H7N.
=> B ng :V c 1 N
Cu 17: t chy hon ton hp cht hu c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22 gam CO2, 0,09 gam H2O. Mt
khc khi xc nh clo trong hp cht bng dung dch AgNO3 ngi ta thu c 1,435 gam AgCl. T
khi hi ca hp cht so vi hiro bng 42,5. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht l:
A. CH3Cl.
B. C2H5Cl.
C. CH2Cl2.
D. C2H4Cl2.
Cch 1: Mo : bi t khi hi ca hp cht so vi hidro bng 42,5 => MX = 42,5 . 2 = 85
Ch c p n C c M = 85 => C
Cu 18: t chy hon ton 0,4524 gam hp cht A sinh ra 0,3318 gam CO2 v 0,2714 gam H2O. un
nng 0,3682 gam cht A vi vi ti xt chuyn tt c nit trong A thnh amoniac, ri dn kh NH3 vo
20 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5 M. trung ho axit cn d sau khi tc dng vi NH3 cn dng 7,7 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M. Bit MA= 60. Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. CH4ON2.
B. C2H7N.
C. C3H9N.
D. CH4ON.
Cch 1 : Mo => cho MA = 60 => Ch c p n A c M = 60 => A
Cu 19: t chy hon ton 0,01 mol cht hu c X cn va 0,616 lt O2. Sau th nghim thu c
hn hp sn phm Y gm : CO2, N2 v hi H2O. Lm lnh ngng t hi H2O ch cn 0,56 lt hn hp
kh Z (c t khi hi vi H2 l 20,4). Bit th tch cc kh u o ktc. Cng thc phn t X l:
A. C2H5ON.
B. C2H5O2N.
C. C2H7O2N.
D. A hoc C.
=> D
Cu 20: X la mt ancol no, mach h. t chay 0,05 mol X cn 4 gam oxi. X co cng thc l:
A. C3H5(OH)3.
B. C3H6(OH)2. C. C2H4(OH)2.
D. C4H8(OH)2.

CHUYN :

I CNG HA HU C

i vi dng bi ton ancol no c s C bng s nhm OH CTTQ: CnH2n+2 - n(OH)n ca ru m khi

cho nX v nO2
Nu ta ly nO2 / nX = n + 0,5 ; => Nu chia nO2 / nX = 2,5 => C2H4(OH)2 ; = 3,5 => C3H5(OH)3
Ta c nO2 / nX = 2,5 => X c cng thc C2H4(OH)2
Cng thc rt ra t p : khi s C bng nhm OH => s C bng s O
CT TQ: CnH2n+2On V ancol nol
PT : CnH2n+2On + (2n+1)/2O2 => nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
nO2 / nCnH2n+2On = (2n+1)/2 = n + 0,5
Khng c th dng mo c : Ta c x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX
Thay tng p n.
=> C : C2H6O2 c x = 2 ; y = 6 ; z = 2 => x + y/4 z/2 = 2,5 Tha mn => C ng
Cu 22: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht X cn 6,16 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c 13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp
CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi ngng t ht hi nc, cn li 5,6 lt kh (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro l
20,4. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C2H7O2N.
B. C3H7O2N.
C. C3H9O2N.
D. C4H9N.
=> ch c A ng
Cu 23: t chy hon ton 1,18 gam cht Y (C xHyN) bng mt lng khng kh va . Dn ton b
hn hp kh sau phn ng vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, thu c 6 gam kt ta v c 9,632 lt
kh (ktc) duy nht thot ra khi bnh. Bit khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80% nit v th tch. Cng thc
phn t ca Y l:
A. C2H7N.
B. C3H9N.
C. C4H11N.
D. C4H9N.
=> B
Cu 24: Phn tch 1,47 gam cht hu c Y (C, H, O) bng CuO th thu c 2,156 gam CO 2 v lng
CuO gim 1,568 gam. CTGN ca Y l:
A. CH3O. (31)
B. CH2O. (30)
C. C2H3O. (43)
D. C2H3O2. (59)
=> B
Cu 25 : Mt hp cht hu c Y khi t chy thu c CO 2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau v lng oxi
cn dng bng 4 ln s mol ca Y. Cng thc phn t ca Y l:
A. C2H6O.
B. C4H8O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C3H6O2.
=> C ng
Cu 26 : t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt axit cacboxylic no 2 ln thu c 1,2 mol CO 2. Cng thc phn
t ca axit l:
A. C6H14O4.
B. C6H12O4.
C. C6H10O4.
D. C6H8O4.
=> C ng
Cu 27 : t chy hon ton 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c n chc X cn 8,96 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu
c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau. CTGN ca X l:
A. C2H4O.
B. C3H6O.
C. C4H8O.
D. C5H10O.
=> B
Cu 28: t chay hoan toan 0,2 mol hirocacbon X. Hp thu toan b san phm chay vao nc vi trong
c 20 gam kt tua. Loc bo kt tua ri un nong phn nc loc lai co 10 gam kt tua na. Vy X khng
th la:
A. C2H6.
B. C2H4.
C. CH4.
D. C2H2.
. p n C sai v c 1 C .
Cu 29: Hn hp X gm mt s hirocacbon l ng ng k tip. Tng khi lng phn t ca cc
hirocacbon trong A l 252, trong khi lng phn t ca hirocacbon nng nht bng 2 ln khi
lng phn t ca hirocacbon nh nht. Cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon nh nht v s lng
hirocacbon trong X l:
A. C3H6 v 4.
B. C2H4 v 5.
C. C3H8 v 4.
D. C2H6 v 5.
=> A
Cu 30: t chy hon ton 5,80 gam cht X thu c 2,65 gam Na 2CO3 ; 2,26 gam H2O v 12,10 gam
CO2. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C6H5O2Na.
B. C6H5ONa.
C. C7H7O2Na.
D. C7H7ONa.
=> B ng A l 6 : 5 : 2

CHUYN :

I CNG HA HU C

Cu 31: t chy hon ton 1,88 gam hp cht hu c Z (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu
c CO2 v H2O vi t l mol tng ng l 4 : 3. Cng thc phn t ca Z l:
A. C4H6O2.
B. C8H12O4.
C. C4H6O3.
D. C8H12O5.
Cch 1: Vn ly 1,88 chia cho M cc p n => D tha mn
Cch 2: T l mol CO2 : nH2O = 4 : 3 => Chn nCO2 = 4x => nH2O = 3x Mnh thng lm zy quy
v PT 1 n
BT khi lng : mZ + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O 1,88 + 0,085.32 = 4x.44 + 3x.18 x = 0,02
nC = CO2 = 4x = 0,08 ; nH = 2nH2O = 2.3x = 0,12;
BT NT Oxi : nO(Z) + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O nO + 2.0,085 = 2.0,08 + 0,06 nO = 0,05
x :y : z = nC : nH : nO = 0,08 : 0,12 : 0,05 = 8 : 12 : 5 => D tha mn.
Cu 32: Cho hirocacbon A v oxi (oxi c ly gp i lng cn thit t
chy hon ton A) vo bnh dung tch 1 lt 406o5K v p sut 1at. Sau khi t
p sut trong bnh (o cng nhit ) tng 5%, lng nc thu c 0,162g.
A. C2H6
B. C3H6
C. C4H8
D. C4H10
E. Kt qu khc.
Cu 33: t chy hon ton 1,12 lt (ktc) mt hirocacbon (A). Ton b sn
phm hp th vo dd Ba(OH)2 d, to ra 29,55g kt ta v khi lng dd gim 19,35g.
Vy CTPT ca (A) l:
A. C2H2
B. C2H6
C. C3H4
D. C3H6
E. C3H8.
Bi 34: t chy hon ton 5,6 g HCHC A thu c 13,2 g CO2 v 3,6 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2
l 28. Xc nh CTPT ca A.
Bi 35: t chy hon ton 0,30 g cht A (cha C, H, O) thu c 0,44 g CO2 v 0,18 g H2O. Th tch
hi ca ca 0,30 g cht A bng th tch ca 0,16g kh oxi ( cng k v nhit v p sut). Xc nh
CTPT ca cht A.
A. C2H6O.

B. CH2O.

C. C2H4O.

D. CH2O2.

Cu 36: Khi t 1 lt kh X cn 6 lt O2 thu c 4 lt CO2 v 5 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh o cng iu

kin nhit , p sut). CTPT ca X l
A. C4H10O.
B. C4H8O2.
C. C4H10O2.
D. C3H8O.
Cu 37: t chy hon ton 3 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 4,4 gam CO2 v 1,8 gam H2O. Bit t khi
ca X so vi He (MHe = 4) l 7,5. CTPT ca X l
A. CH2O2.
B. C2H6.
C. C2H4O.
D. CH2O.
Cu 38: t chy 1 lt hi hirocacbon vi mt th tch khng kh (lng d). Hn hp kh thu
c sau khihi H2O ngng t c th tch l 18,5 lt, cho qua dung dch KOH d cn 16,5 lt, cho
hn hp kh i qua ng ng photpho d th cn li 16 lt. Xc nh CTPT ca hp cht trn bit
cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut v O2 chim 1/5 khng kh, cn li l N2.
A. C2H6.
B. C2H4.
C. C3H8.
D. C2H2.
Cu 39: t 0,15 mol mt hp cht hu c thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Mt khc t 1
th tch hi cht cn 2,5 th tch O2. Cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca hp
cht l
A. C2H6O2.
B. C2H6O.
C. C2H4O2.
D. C2H4O.
Cu 40: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X (C, H, N) bng lng khng kh va (gm 1/5 th
tch O2, cn li l N2) c kh CO2 , H2O v N2. Cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch
Ba(OH)2 d thy c 39,4 gam kt ta, khi lng dung dch gim i 24,3 gam. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th
tch 34,72 lt (ktc). Bit d X O 2 < 2. CTPT ca X l
A. C2H7N.
B. C2H8N.
C. C2H7N2.
D. C2H4N2.
Cu 41: Oxi ha hon ton 4,02 gam mt hp cht hu c X ch thu c 3,18 gam Na2CO3 v 0,672 lt
kh
CO2. CTGN ca X l
A. CO2Na.
B. CO2Na2.
C. C3O2Na.
D. C2O2Na.
Cu 42: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon trong 0,5 lt hn hp ca n vi CO2 bng 2,5 lt O2 thu c
3,4 lt kh. Hn hp ny sau khi ngng t ht hi nc cn 1,8 lt, tip tc cho hn hp kh cn li qua dung
dch kim d th cn li 0,5 lt kh. Cc th tch c o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca
hirocacbon l
A. C4H10.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H8.
D. C3H6.
Cu 43: t chy hon ton 1,605 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 4,62 gam CO2 ; 1,215 gam H2O v
168ml N2 (ktc). T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh khng vt qu 4. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C5H5N.
B. C6H9N.
C. C7H9N.
D. C6H7N.

10

CHUYN :

I CNG HA HU C

Cu 44: Oxi ha hon ton 6,15 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 2,25 gam H2O ; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt
N2 (kc). Phn trm khi lng ca C, H, N v O trong X ln lt l

11

Cu 45: Phn tch 0,31gam hp cht hu c X ch cha C, H, N to thnh 0,44 gam CO2. Mt khc, nu
phn tch 0,31 gam X ton b N trong X chuyn thnh NH3 ri dn NH3 va to thnh vo 100 ml
dung dch H2SO4 0,4M th phn axit d c trung ha bi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1,4M. Bit 1 lt hi
cht X (ktc) nng 1,38 gam. CTPT ca X l
Cu 46: t chy 200 ml hi mt hp cht hu c X cha C, H, O trong 900 ml O 2, th tch hn hp kh thu
c l 1,3 lt. Sau khi ngng t hi nc ch cn 700 ml. Tip theo cho qua dung dch KOH d ch cn 100
ml kh bay ra. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca Y l
A. C3H6O.
B. C3H8O2.
C. C3H8O.
D. C3H6O2.
Cu 47: Phn tch 1,5 gam cht hu c X thu c 1,76 gam CO2 ; 0,9 gam H2O v 112 ml N2 o 0oC v 2
atm. Nu ha hi cng 1,5 gam cht Z 127o C v 1,64 atm ngi ta thu c 0,4 lt kh cht Z. CTPT ca X
l
A. C2H5ON.
B. C6H5ON2.
C. C2H5O2N.
D. C2H6O2N.
Cu 48: t chy hon ton mt th tch hi hp cht hu c A cn 10 th tch oxi (o cng iu kin nhit
v p sut), sn phm thu c ch gm CO2 v H2O vi mCO2 : mH2O = 44 : 9. Bit MA < 150. A c
cng thc phn t l
A. C4H6O.
B. C8H8O.
C. C8H8.
D. C2H2.
Cu 49: Cho 400 ml mt hn hp gm nit v mt hirocacbon vo 900 ml oxi (d) ri t. Th tch hn
hp thu c sau khi t l 1,4 lt. Sau khi cho nc ngng t cn 800 ml hn hp, ngi ta cho li qua
dung dch KOH thy cn 400 ml kh. Cc th tch kh u o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Cng thc
phn t ca cht hu c l
A. C3H8.
B. C2H4.
C. C2H2.
D. C2H6.
Cu 50: t chy 0,282 gam hp cht hu c X, cho sn phm i qua cc bnh ng CaCl 2 khan v KOH
d. Thy bnh ng CaCl2 tng thm 0,194 gam cn bnh ng KOH tng thm 0,8 gam. Mt khc nu t
chy 0,186 gam cht X th thu c 22,4 ml kh N2 ( ktc). Bit rng hp cht X ch cha mt nguyn t
nit. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht X l
A. C6H6N2.
B. C6H7N.
C. C6H9N.
D. C5H7N.
Cu 51: t chy hon ton hp cht hu c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22 gam CO 2, 0,09 gam H2O. Mt khc
khi xc nh clo trong hp cht bng dung dch AgNO 3 ngi ta thu c 1,435 gam AgCl. T khi hi
ca hp cht so vi hiro bng 42,5. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht l
A. CH3Cl.
B. C2H5Cl.
C. CH2Cl2.
D. C2H4Cl2.
Cu 52: t chy hon ton 0,4524 gam hp cht A sinh ra 0,3318 gam CO 2 v 0,2714 gam H2O. un nng
0,3682 gam cht A vi vi ti xt chuyn tt c nit trong A thnh amoniac, ri dn kh NH 3 vo 20 ml
dung dch H2SO4 0,5 M. trung ho axit cn d sau khi tc dng vi NH 3 cn dng 7,7 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M. Bit MA= 60. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. CH4ON2.
B. C2H7N.
C. C3H9N.
D. CH4ON.
Cu 53*: t chy hon ton 0,01 mol cht hu c X cn va 0,616 lt O2. Sau th nghim thu c hn
hp sn phm Y gm : CO2, N2 v hi H2O. Lm lnh ngng t hi H2O ch cn 0,56 lt hn hp kh Z
(c t khi hi vi H2 l 20,4). Bit th tch cc kh u o ktc. Cng thc phn t X l
D. A hoc C.
A. C2H5ON.
B. C2H5O2N.
C. C2H7O2N.
Cu 54: X l mt ancol no, mch h. t chy 0,05 mol X cn 4 gam oxi. X c cng thc l
A. C3H5(OH)3.
B. C3H6(OH)2.
C. C2H4(OH)2.
D. C4H8(OH)2.
Cu 55: Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 16,80 lt kh CO 2 ; 2,80 lt N2 (cc th tch
o ktc) v 20,25 gam H2O. CTPT ca X l
A. C4H9N.
B. C3H7N.
C. C2H7N.
D. C3H9N.
Cu 56: t chy hon ton m gam mt amin X bng lng khng kh va thu c 17,6 gam CO 2, 12,6
gam H2O v 69,44 lt N2 (ktc). Gi thit khng kh ch gm N2 v O2 trong oxi chim 20% th tch khng
kh. X c cng thc l
A. C2H5NH2.
B. C3H7NH2.
C. CH3NH2.
D. C4H9NH2.
Cu 57: Trong mt bnh kn cha hi este no n chc h A v mt lng O 2 gp i lng O2 cn thit
t chy ht A nhit 140oC v p sut 0,8 atm. t chy hon ton A ri a v nhit ban u, p
sut trong bnh lc ny l 0,95 atm. A c cng thc phn t l
A. C2H4O2.
B. C3H6O2.
C. C4H8O2.
D. C5H10O2.
Cu 58: t chy hon ton 0,12 mol cht hu c X mch h cn dng 10,08 lt kh O2 (ktc). Dn ton b
sn phm chy (gm CO2, H2O v N2) qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thy khi lng bnh tng 23,4
gam v c 70,92 gam kt ta. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H5O2N.
B. C3H5O2N.
C. C3H7O2N.
D. C2H7O2N.

Cu 90: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt ancol mch h ba ln cha mt lin kt ba trong gc hirocacbon
thu c 0,6 mol CO2. Cng thc phn t ca ancol l
A. C6H14O3.
B. C6H12O3.
C. C6H10O3.
D. C6H8O3.
Cu 91: t chy hon ton 1,18 gam cht Y (CxHyN) bng mt lng khng kh va . Dn ton b hn
hp kh sau phn ng vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 6 gam kt ta v c 9,632 lt kh (ktc)
duy nht thot ra khi bnh. Bit khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80% nit v th tch. Cng thc phn t ca Y
l
A. C2H7N.
B. C3H9N.
C. C4H11N.
D. C4H9N.
Cu 92: Phn tch 1,47 gam cht hu c Y (C, H, O) bng CuO th thu c 2,156 gam CO 2 v lng CuO
gim 1,568 gam. CTGN ca Y l
A. CH3O.
B. CH2O.
C. C2H3O.
D. C2H3O2.
Cu 93: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c n chc X thu c sn phm chy ch gm CO 2 v H2O
vi t l khi lng tng ng l 44 : 27. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H6.
B. C2H6O.
C. C2H6O2.
D. C2H4O.
Cu 94: Mt hp cht hu c Y khi t chy thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau v lng oxi cn
dng bng 4 ln s mol ca Y. Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. C2H6O.
B. C4H8O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C3H6O2.
Cu 95: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt axit cacboxylic no 2 ln thu c 1,2 mol CO 2. Cng thc phn t
ca axit l
A. C6H14O4.
B. C6H12O4.
C. C6H10O4.
D. C6H8O4.
Cu 96: t chy hon ton 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c n chc X cn 8,96 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c
CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau. CTGN ca X l
A. C2H4O.
B. C3H6O.
C. C4H8O.
D. C5H10O.
Cu 97: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo nc vi trong
c 20 gam kt ta. Lc b kt ta ri un nng phn nc lc li c 10 gam kt ta na. Vy X khng th
l
A. C2H6.
B. C2H4.
C. CH4.
D. C2H2.
Cu 98: Hn hp X gm mt s hirocacbon l ng ng k tip. Tng khi lng phn t ca cc
hirocacbon trong A l 252, trong khi lng phn t ca hirocacbon nng nht bng 2 ln khi lng
phn t ca hirocacbon nh nht. Cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon nh nht v s lng hirocacbon
trong X l
A. C3H6 v 4.
B. C2H4 v 5.
C. C3H8 v 4.
D. C2H6 v 5.
Cu 99: t chy hon ton 5,80 gam cht X thu c 2,65 gam Na2CO3 ; 2,26 gam H2O v 12,10 gam CO2.
Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C6H5O2Na.
B. C6H5ONa.
C. C7H7O2Na.
D. C7H7ONa.
Cu 100: t chy hon ton 1,88 gam hp cht hu c Z (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu
c CO2 v H2O vi t l mol tng ng l 4 : 3. Cng thc phn t ca Z l
A. C4H6O2.
B. C8H12O4.
C. C4H6O3.
D. C8H12O5.

CHUYN 1 :

GV: Vng Thy Vn

I CNG HA HC HU C

- 15 -

T : Ha Sinh KTNN