BI GING MN: IN T S Chng 6 MCH PHT XUNG V TO DNG XUNG 6.1. Mch pht xung 6.2.

. Trig Schmit 6.3. Mch a hi i 6.4. IC nh thi

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

BI GING MN: IN T S Mt s ch tiu nh gi dng xung vung

* Cc c trng k thut ca xung vung: T: Chu k xung

tr 0,9Vm 0,5Vm 0,1Vm TW

tf

1 : Tn s xung T TW : rng xung f =

Vm : Bin xung t r : Sn trc

Vm

t f : Sn sau
* Cc ch tiu nh gi xung ng h: - n nh tn s - n nh pha - n nh bin
GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

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BI GING MN: IN T S Mch pht xung (Mch dao ng a hi)

c im: C hai trng thi khng n nh T dao ng, khng cn s kch hot bn ngoi Tn hiu ra l dy xung vung Phn loi: Mch dao ng a hi NAND TTL Mch dao ng a hi vng RC Mch dao ng a hi thch anh Mch dao ng a hi CMOS Dng sng tn hiu ra:
Dao ng a hi Q

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.1.1. Mch dao ng a hi c bn cng NAND TTL (1)

* S mch in: - Ghp in dung hai cng NAND thnh mch vng. VK: u vo iu khin. VK=1: mch pht xung khi c ni ngun. VK=0: mch ngng pht xung.
R f1 Vi1
I

C2 V o1 C1 Vi2

R f2 V o2

II

VK

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.1.1. Mch dao ng a hi c bn cng NAND TTL (2)

* Nguyn l hot ng: - Khi c tc ng ca nhiu lm Vi1 tng, xut hin qu trnh phn hi dng:
Vi1 Vo1 Vi2 Vo2

R f1 Vi1
I

C2 V o1 C1 Vi2

R f2 V o2

II

VK

Khi , cng I thng bo ho Q = 0 , cng II ngt ( Q = 1) , mch bc vo trng thi tm n nh. Lc ny, C1 np in v C2 phng in.

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.1.1. Mch dao ng a hi c bn cng NAND TTL (3)

- C1 np n khi Vi2 tng n ngng thng VT, trong mch xut hin qu trnh phn hi dng nh sau:

R f1 V o1
I

C2 Vi2

R f2 V o2

Vi2

V o2

Vi1

Vo1

Vi1 VK

II

C1

Khi cng I nhanh chng ngt Q = 1 , cng II thng bo ho ( Q = 0 ) , mch in bc vo trng thi tm n nh mi. Lc ny C2 np in cn C1 phng in.

- C2 np n khi Vi1 tng n ngng thng VT lm xut hin qu trnh phn hi dng a mch v trng thi n nh ban u. - Qu trnh dao ng lp i lp li.
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6

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.1.1. Mch dao ng a hi c bn cng NAND TTL (2)

Vo 2

* Dng sng tn hiu ra:

VH VL
0

* Chu k tn hiu ra : T = t M1 + t M 2
- xung ra vung u: t M1 = t M 2

Vi2 VT
0

V H - VL + V T

p 1=R f1C 2

- Nu Rf1=Rf2=Rf, C1=C2=C, VOH=3 V, VOL=0,35 V, VT = 1,4 V:

Vo 1 VH VL
0

n 1=(R 1 // R f2 )C1

T 2 ( R f / /R1 ) C

V H - VL + V T VT
0

t p 2=R f2C 1

n 2=(R 1 // R f1 )C2

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.1.2. Mch dao ng a hi vng RC

* S : - Tn s ca tn hiu u ra ph thuc vo thi gian tr ca cng NAND.
* iu chnh tn s bng mch tr RC: * Dng sng tn hiu ra:
T

Vi1
I

Vi2

II

Vi3

III

Vo

V i2

II

Vo2
C

RS
III

Vo

Vi1

V i3

Vi1 Vi 2 t pd Vi 3
t pd

t pd

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.1.3. Mch dao ng a hi thch anh

* S : Thay mt t in trong s b dao ng a hi bng thch anh. * c im: - Tn s ca mch dao ng ch ph thuc vo tinh th thch anh m khng ph thuc vo gi tr cc t in v in tr trong mch. - n nh tn s cao, do thch anh c tnh chn lc tn s rt cao. * ng dng: trong cc mch yu cu tn hiu ng h c tn s chnh xc v n nh cao.
GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

0 K 1

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BI GING MN: IN T S 6.1.4. Mch dao ng a hi CMOS

* S : * Dng sng tn hiu ra:
* Chu k dao ng:
T

VK Vi1
R

VO

ED E T = T1 + T2 = RC ln + D E D VT VT
- Nu VT = ED/2 th T1 = T2:

V O Vi2 Vi1

ED
0

T1

T2

ED
0

T = RCln4 1, 4RC

ED ET =E D /2
0

= RC

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

10

BI GING MN: IN T S Chng 6 MCH PHT XUNG V TO DNG XUNG 6.1. Mch pht xung 6.2. Trig Schmit 6.3. Mch a hi i 6.4. IC nh thi

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

11

BI GING MN: IN T S Mch a hi hai trng thi n nh

c im: - C hai trng thi n nh. - Khi c xung kch thch, mch chuyn t trng thi n nh ny sang trng thi n nh khc. Trig Schmit: - L mt b so snh hai ngng - Bin i dng xung u vo thnh xung vung Phn loi: trig Schmit TTL, CMOS ng dng: mch dao ng, mch lc nhiu, mch so snh, ...
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1
Q T Q

12

BI GING MN: IN T S Trig Schmit TTL (1) S

EC R1 Vi
A

R2 R4 T2
P

R5 D3

R7 T4 T 3 D4 T5 Vo
Z

D1 T1 R3

D0

R6

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

13

BI GING MN: IN T S Trig Schmit TTL (2) Nguyn l hot ng

VB1 = 0: T1 ngt, T2 thng bo ho. VB1 =1: T1 thng bo ho, T2 ngt. - Khi VB1 tng lm VBE1 = VB1 - ILR3 = 0,5 V: T1 bt u chuyn t trng thi ngt sang trng thi khuch i.
Vi
A

EC R1 D1
P

R2 R4 T2 T1 R3

R5 D3

R7 T4 T 3 D4 T5 Vo
Z

D0

R6

- Do VB1 tip tc tng nn VCE1 = VBE2 gim xung. Sau khi T2 ri khi trng thi bo ho m VB1 tip tc tng th xy ra qu trnh phn hi dng sau:

VB1

i C1 (i E1)

VCE1

VBE2

i C2 (i E2)

VE

VBE1

Mch in nhanh chng chuyn sang trng thi T1 thng bo ho, T2 ngt.
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14

BI GING MN: IN T S Trig Schmit TTL (3) Nguyn l hot ng

- VB1 tng n cc i th bt u gim; khi VB1 gim n mc lm T1 ra khi vng bo ho, T2 ra khi vng ngt th mch in li xy ra qu trnh phn hi dng: iC1 (i E1 ) iC2 (i E2 ) VE VB1 VC E1 VBE2 VBE1 Kt qu mch in nhanh chng lt sang trng thi T1 ngt, T2 thng bo ho.

- Gi tr in p u vo VI trong qu trnh tng ln ca n t n ngng lm lt mch schmit c gi l ngng trn VT+ - Gi tr ngc li: ngng di VT-. chnh lch in p: V = VT+ - VT-.
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EC R1 Vi
A

R2 R4 T2
P

R5 D3

R7 T4 T 3 D4 T5 Vo
Z

D1 T1 R3

D0

R6

GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

15

BI GING MN: IN T S Trig Schmit TTL (4) Dng sng tn hiu ra

VT+ t VT-

to t1

t2

t3

t4

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

16

BI GING MN: IN T S Chng 6 MCH PHT XUNG V TO DNG XUNG 6.1. Mch pht xung 6.2. Trig Schmit 6.3. Mch a hi i 6.4. IC nh thi

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

17

BI GING MN: IN T S Mch a hi i (n n, mt nhp)

c im: - Mt trng thi n nh, mt trng thi tm n nh. - C xung kch, mch chuyn t trng thi n nh sang trng thi tm n nh. - Sau mt khong thi gian nht nh, mch t quay tr v trng thi n nh. Phn loi: - Mch a hi i CMOS - Mch a hi i dng trig Schmit - Mch a hi i TTL
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Q

a hi i

GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

18

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.3.1. Mch a hi i CMOS (1) Kiu vi phn

* S :
* Nguyn l hot ng: - Ti trng thi n nh: VI=0 th VO1=ED, VI2=ED, VO2=0. - Khi c kch thch u vo: cng 1 nhanh chng cm v VO1=0. Mch in RC s np in cho t in C. T C np lm in p VI2 tng dn. - Khi VI2 tng n ngng VT: cng 2 ng v VO2=0. Khi , cng 1 nhanh chng chuyn v trng thi cm v lm cho mch a hi i tr v trng thi n nh.
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19

ED Vo1 VI
C R

Vi2

Vo

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.3.1. Mch a hi i CMOS (2) Kiu vi phn

* Dng sng:
* rng xung ra:
TW = (R + R 0 )C * ln ED E D - VT
VO1
ED VI

ED

R0 : in tr u ra ca cng 1 - Nu VT=ED/2: TW = 0, 7 (R + R 0 )C
VI2

ED

ED

VO2

TW

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

20

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.3.1. Mch a hi i CMOS (3) Kiu tch phn

* S :
VI Vo1
R

ED
C
V i2

Vo
ED

* Dng sng:

VI

VO1

VI2

VT

VO
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TW
21

GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.3.2. Mch a hi i dng trig Schmit

* S :
D

* Dng sng tn hiu ra:

I

R V
I

+ VT
o

* rng xung u ra:

TW = RC * ln ED + E D - VT

TW

- Nu VT+ =ED/2 th: TW = 0, 7RC

www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1
22

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.3.3. Mch a hi i TTL

* S :
E=5V C
R
P

* Dng sng:
Q
1 5

P' P
4 3

V 1

V1

3,6 V 0,3 V 3,6 V

V2

V3

0,3 V 0,7 V -2,6 V 3,6 V

V2

* rng xung ra : TW = 0, 7RC

V3

0,3 V 3,6 V

0,3 V

10

12

14

16

t (t pd )
23

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

BI GING MN: IN T S Chng 6 MCH PHT XUNG V TO DNG XUNG 6.1. Mch pht xung 6.2. Trig Schmit 6.3. Mch a hi i 6.4. IC nh thi

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

24

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.1. Mch in ca IC 555 (1)

* S : - Mch phn p (gm 3 in tr R). - Hai b so snh. - u ra b so snh iu khin trig RS. - Chn 4 cho php trig hot ng. - u ra o ca trig iu khin transistor T to u phng in.
Ground Trigger Output Reset 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 VCC Discharge Threshold Control Voltage

100K

5 6

(1)

Q R

100K

+
2

Q S

(2)

100K

7
25

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.1. Mch in ca IC 555 (2)

Chn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Chc nng t - GND Chn kch thch u ra Xo - Reset in p iu khin Chn ngng u phng in Ngun Vcc
2 5 6

100K

+ -

(1)

Q R

100K

3 S Q

(2)

100K

7 GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

26

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.1. Mch in ca IC 555 (2)

* Bng chc nng:
TH (6) X
2 > EC 3

TRIG

(2) X
1 > EC 3

(4) L H H H

OUT (3) 0 0 Khng i 1

DIS (7) T Thng T Thng T Khng i T Ngt

100K

5 6

(1)

Q R

100K

<

2 EC 3

1 > EC 3
1 < EC 3

+
2

Q S

(2)

100K

7
27

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.2. ng dng ca IC 555 (1) Trig Schmit

- Ngng trn: VT + = - Ngng di: VT- =
2 E C1 3
E C1
8

E C2
4 7

1 E C1 3

R 1 C-V 5
C 6

R4 VO2

- chnh lch in p:
D V = VT + - VT- = 1 E C1 3

VI R3

R2

555
3

2 1

VO1

- Nu a in p vo u vo C-V th c th iu chnh c VT+, VT- v V.

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

28

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.2. ng dng ca IC 555 (2) Mch a hi i

* S :
EC
R
R 5 6 Ec 8
100K

VO VI C1

C1 V I C

(1) +
100K

Q R Q S 7 T

+ (2) 100K

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

29

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.2. ng dng ca IC 555 (3) Mch a hi i

* Nguyn l hot ng: - Gi s ban u VC = 0. - Khi cp ngun, t C np: t +EC qua R, qua C xung t, uC tng dn.
C1 2 - Khi u C >= E C : R = 1 nn Q = 1 , T 3 thng V I R 5 6 Ec 8
100K

(1) +
100K

Q R Q S 7 T

2 C

T C phng in qua R, qua T xung t, uC gim dn. - T C phng in n khi uC = 0. y l trng thi n nh bn (trng thi i) ca mch.
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+ (2) 100K

GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

30

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.2. ng dng ca IC 555 (4) Mch a hi i

- Khi kch thch xung u vo: S = 1 nn Q = 1 v Q = 0 , T ngt T C tch in: t +EC , qua R, qua C xung t, lm uC tng C1 dn. - Khi u C >=
R 5 6 Ec 8
100K

(1) +
100K

Q R Q S 7 T

2 E C : R = 1nn Q = 1 , 3 T thng: t C phng in qua R, qua T xung t.

- T C phng in n khi uC = 0, mch tr li trng thi ban u.

V I C

+ (2) 100K

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

31

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.2. ng dng ca IC 555 (5) Mch a hi i

* Dng sng tn hiu ra:

VI
VC
* rng xung ra:

EC
2E C / 3

VO

EC
TW

TW RCln 3 1,1RC

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

32

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.2. ng dng ca IC 555 (6) Mch dao ng a hi

* S :
EC R1
0,01 F
C1 R1 5 6 R2 2 C Ec 8
100K

(1)

Q R

R2
VC VO

100K

+ (2) 100K

Q S 7 T

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

33

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.2. ng dng ca IC 555 (7) Mch dao ng a hi

* Nguyn l hot ng: - Khi cp ngun: t C cha kp np in, uC = 0: R = 0, S = 1 nn Q = 1, Q = 0 , T ngt. T C np in t +EC, qua R1, R2, qua C xung t, uC tng ln - Khi u C >= thng. T C phng in t cc dng ca t C, qua R2, qua T xung t n cc m ca t C, uC gim dn.
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1
34

Ec R1 5 6 C1 R2 2 C 8
100K

(1)

Q R

100K

2 E C : R = 1nn Q = 1 , T 3

+ (2) 100K

Q S 7 T

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.2. ng dng ca IC 555 (8) Mch dao ng a hi

1 - Khi u C <= E C : R = 0 nn Q = 1, 3
Q = 0 , T ngt.
R1 5 6 C1 R2 2 C Ec 8
100K

T C li c np in, qu trnh c lp li nh c. Hin tng ny tip din lin tc v tun hon.

(1)

Q R

100K

+ (2) 100K

Q S 7 T

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

35

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.2. ng dng ca IC 555 (9) Mch dao ng a hi

* Dng sng:
* Chu k tn hiu ra: + Thi gian np: Tnp = np ln 2 = 0,7 (R1 + R 2 )C + Thi gian phng:
2E C / 3 VC

EC / 3
EC VO
Tnap

Tph = ph ln 2 0,7R 2C
+ Chu k ca xung u ra:

Tph

T = Tnap + Tph = 0,7(R1 + 2R 2 )C

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

36

BI GING MN: IN T S 6.4.2. ng dng ca IC 555 (10) Mch dao ng a hi

- xung ra vung u: Tnap = Tph S dng mch c thm hai diode. Np: t E C qua R1 , D1 qua C v GND. Phng: t Cqua R 2 , D 2 qua T(chn 7) xung GND Chn R1 = R 2 = R : T = 1, 4RC
5

EC
8 4 7

R1

0,01 ? F
3

555
VO
1

6 2

R2 VC
C

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

37

BI GING MN: IN T S Kt chng 6

Mch pht xung (mch dao ng a hi) khng cn tn hiu ngoi a vo, sau khi c cp ngun mt chiu, mch t ng sinh ra xung vung. Mch to dng xung (trig Schmit, mch n n) khng t ng pht xung nhng c th bin tn hiu u vo hnh dng khc thnh xung vung theo yu cu. ng dng: - B dao ng a hi thng dng lm b to xung chun thi gian v chun tn s. - Mch n n thng dng nh thi v lm tr xung. - Trig Schmit ngoi ng dng to dng xung cn ng dng so snh mc v gim st mc

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GING VIN: THS.NGUYN HNG HOA B MN KTT KHOA KTT1

38