Design circuits for logic gates (AND, OR & NOT) using discrete components Submitted by Rida Ahmed 2210

6th semester BS(M) Department of Physics

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this experiment is to understand the construction and working of logic gates. AND and OR gates are constructed with the help of diodes whereas NOR gate is made by n-p-n transistor and their operations are studied carefully and their truth tables are made.

PRINCIPLE
The basic purpose of logic gates is to perform boolean algebra. AND and OR gates are used for boolean multiplication and addition respectively whereas NOT gate is used as an inverter.

TASK
to construct AND, OR and NOT GATES. To perform boolean algebra with logic gates and make their truth tables.

APPARATUS

some diodes LEDs DC supply connecting wires resistors

THEORY AND WORKING

AND GATE
AND gate is used for boolean multiplication. Two or more inputs are used in AND gate and one output is present. Output is high only when all the inputs are high. Otherwise output is low when at least one input is low. The symbol and circuit diagram for AND gate is shown below

TRUTH TABLE
A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 O= A.B 0 0 0 1

OR GATE
OR gate is used for boolean addition. Two or more inputs are used in it and one output is present. Output is low only when all the inputs are low. Otherwise output is high when at least one input is high. The symbol and circuit diagram for OR gate is shown below

TRUTH TABLE
A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 O=A+B 0 1 1 1

NOT GATE
It is also called inverter. As it performs the operation of inversion or complementation. The inverter changes one logic level o opposite level. The symbol and circuit diagram of NOT gate are shown below

TRUTHTABLE
A 0 1 1 0