1

ENTRANCE
2544 2545 2545 2546
2

2
2

2546
2

2.1

1.
2. ()
3. operation operation
4.
2.2

N =
I =
Q =

2

8 , 0 , 2 , 45 , -0.58 , 3.171717. . .
Q
Q = { ab a I , b I b 0}

2 , 3 , , 7.453276. . .
2.3
G (operation) *
1. G *
G G *
a G b G a * b G

2. a G b G a * b = b * a
3. a , b , c G (a * b) * c = a * (b * c)
4. e G e a * e = e * a = a a G
e *
0
1
5. a G a-1 G a * a-1 = a-1 * a = e
a-1 a *

1. operation *

2.

3.

a , b , c P

a+b R
ab R
a+b = b+a
ab = ba
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
(ab)c = a(bc)
0
1
0 + a = a + 0 = a
1 a = a 1 = a
a a a 1 , a 0
a
( a) + a = a + ( a) = 0
1a a = a 1a = 1
a(b + c) = ab + ac
i

2.4
(Trichotomy Property)
a R b R a = b a < b a > b

a , b , c R
1.
a=a
2.
a = b
3.
a = b
4.
5.
6.

b=a
b = c a = c
a = b a + c = b + c
a = a ac = bc
a + c = b + c a = b
ac = bc c 0 a = b

a , b , c , d R

1. a > b b > c a > c
2. a > b a + c > b + c

4
3.
a > b c > 0 ac > bc
a > b c < 0 ac < bc
4.
a + c > b + c a > b
5.
ac > bc c > 0 a > b
ac > bc c < 0 a < b

6. 0 < a < b 1a > 1b
7. a < b < 0 1a > 1b
8. a < b c < d a + c < b + d
9. 0 < a < b 0 < c < d 0 < ac < bd
10. 0 < a < b 0 < c < d 0 < da < bc
2.5
- an xn + an - 1xn - 1+ an - 2 xn - 2+ . . .+ a1 x + a0 = 0
an , an - 1 , an - 2 , . . . , a1 , a0 an 0 , n I+
- ,
, ,
- P(x) an xn + an-1xn - 1+ an-2 xn - 2+ . . .+ a1 x + a0
an , an - 1 , an - 2 , . . . , a1 , a0 an 0 , n I+
P(x) x c c P(c)
- P(x) an xn + an-1xn - 1+ an-2 xn - 2+ . . .+ a1 x + a0
an , an - 1 , an - 2 , . . . , a1 , a0 an 0 , n I+
P(x) x c P(c) = 0

5
2.6
a , b a < b
(a , b) {xa < x < b}
[a , b] {xa

b}

(a , b] {xa < x
[a , b) {xa

b}

x < b}

(a , ) {xx > a}
[a , ) {xx

a}

( , a) {xx < a}
( , a] {xx
( , ) {xx

a}

R}

f(x) = (x a) (x b) a < b

f(x) > 0 x < a x > b

6
f(x) < 0 a < x < b
f(x) = 0 x = 0 x = b
f(x) > 0 ( , a) (b , )
f(x) < 0 (a , b)
xx -- ba > 0 (x a)(x b) > 0
xx -- ba < 0 (x a)(x b) < 0 a < b
a = b (x a)2 > 0 R {a}
(x a)2 < 0
f(x) = (x a) (x b) (x c) , a < b < c

f(x) > 0 (a , b) (c , )
f(x) < 0 ( , a) (b , c)
2.7
x x x
x x > 0
x
= 0 x = 0
x x < 0

x , y
1. x 0 x
2. x = x
3. x2 = x
4. x2 = x2 = x2
5. xy = x y
i

6. xy = xy y 0
7. x y = y x
8. x2 = y2 x = y

7
2.8

S R u S x u
x S S
S R S 0 S S
a S
1. a S
2. b S a b

m n n 0 n m
c m = nc
n m
n m n m
n m n m

1 a b b c a c
2 a b b 0 a b
3 a , b c a b a c
a (bx + cy) x y

p p 0 , p 1 p 1
x x p x { I , 1 , p , p }

n 1
n = p1c1 pc2 2 p3c3 . . . pck k
p1 < p2 < p3 . . . < pk
i

m , n I n 0 q r m = nq + r
0 r < n
q r

a b
(...) a b d
1. d a d b
2. c I c a c b c d
(a , b) ... a b
...
a b a 0 b 0
1. (a , b) = 1 a b
(5 , 6) = 1 5 6
2. d = (a , b) d a b
x y d = ax + by
(24 , 40) = 8
8 = 24(2) + 40(1)

a b a 0 b 0 (...)
a b c
1. a c b c
2. k I a k b k c k
[a , b] ... a , b
d c ... ... a , b
cd = ab

9
Entrance

1. S = {0, 1, 2,,7} a * b = ab 6 a, b
(Ent. 1 2543)
. x * 1 = x x S
. {4 * x x S} = {0, 2, 4}

1. . . 2. . . 3. . . 4. . .
2. a , b , c d (Ent. . 2532)
1.
2.
3.
4.

a a 2 = a
1a

a < b a2 < b2
a < b < 0 c < d < 0 ac > bd
a * b = a + b 1 (2 * 3) * 1 = 5

3. a, b, c (Ent. 2 2543)
1. a + c = b + c a = b
2. ac = bc a = b
3. a < b ac < bc
4. a < b ac > bc
4. (Ent. . 2536)
1. a b a < b a2 < b2
2. a 0 < a < 1 0 < a2 < a
3. a, b c ab = ac b = c
4. a , a2 = a
5. x a x3 + 2x2 5x 2 4 a
(Ent. . 2538)
1. 6
2. 2
3. 2
4. 6

10
6. x + 1 x 1 p(x) = 3x3 + x2 ax + b a, b
p(x) x a b
(Ent. 1 2544)
1. 15
2. 17
3. 19
4. 21
7. P(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + 2 a b x 1 x + 3
P(x) 5 a + 2b
(Ent. 1 2544)
1. 11
2. 1
3. 1
4. 9
8. f(x) = x3 + kx2 + mx + 4 k m x 2
f(x) x + 1 f(x) 3 k + m
(Ent. 1 2546)
A
=
{x R x2 3x 4 > 0}
{x R xx++14 < 0}
B
=
(Ent. . 2533)
1. A B ( , 2] [3 , )
2. A B [5, 1]
3. A B ( , 5] [3 , )
4. B A [5, 3]

9.

10. (x 1)2(2x 1) 0 (Ent. . 2541)

x 1
1
1. ( 1 , 2 ) (1 , )
3. ( , 1) ( 12 , 1) (1 , )

2. ( 1 , 12 ] (1 , )
4. ( , 1) [ 12 , 1) (1 , )

11.
. a, b c a(2b c) a2(b + c) a3c

2
+2
< 1
A = x R x x 2x
2
B = {x R x3 2x2 < 0} A = B
(Ent. 1 2546)
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .

11
4
12. R x2 > x2 + 1

x -1

(Ent. 2 2543)
1. R
2. R {1 , 1}
3. (1 , 1)
4. ( , 1) (1 , )
13. A 4x 1 + 3 = 10
(Ent. 2 2544)
1. A [ 1 , 72 ]
2. A [2 , 2]
3. A [ 3 , 23 ]
4. A [4 , 0]
14.

{ x x 1 2

1
1
x +1 > 2

B = {xx2 + 2x < 0}
A B (Ent. 1 2544)
1. (1 , 0)
2. [1 , 0)
3. (0 , 1)
4. (0 , 1]
15. x 4<x + 1 (Ent. 2 2543)
1. x 23
2. x > 23
3. x 23
4. x < 23
16. A 12 + x x2 < 0 B
3 x 1< 1 A B
(Ent. 1 2545)
1. (5 , 3)
2. (3 , 1)
3. (1 , 3)
4. (3 , 5)
17. I S = {xx 1 1x 1+ 1 < 50}
(Ent. 1 2546)
1. 13
2. 14
3. 15
4. 16

12
18. S 3xx 21 2
. S = (1 , 0] (1 , )
. x[x s (x + 2) s]
(Ent. 1 2545)
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
19. x3x+ 1 21 > 5 (
2522)
1. (6 , 2) ( 0 , 14 )
2. (6 , 2) ( 1 , 14 )
3. (6 , 1) ( 1 , 14 )
4. (6 , 1) (0 , )
5. ( , 1) ( 1 , 14 )
20. a , b , c 7 a 1 7 b 3 7 c
5 7 a(b + c)
(Ent. . 2538)
1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 6
21. a b b a 1 24
24 < b 24 b 1 12 ... a b
(Ent. . 2541)
1. 1
2. 2
3. 6
4. 12
22. { x x 0 100 x 100 }
A = { x ... x 21 3 } A
(Ent. . 2538)
1. 29
2. 34
3. 68
4. 58

13
23. 0 100 15
(Ent. . 2537)

24. A = { p p p(980 p)3 }

A (Ent. 2 1/2542)
25. x y x < y ... x , y 9 ...
x , y 28,215 x 3
y x (Ent. . 2537)
1. 36
2. 45
3. 9
4. 18
26. a , b a < b 5 a 3 b a , b
... a , b 165 a b
(Ent. . 2541)
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
27. n 90 6 150 3 n
41 (Ent. . 2539)
1. 5
2. 6
3. 18
4. 20
28. a 3a 5a ... a 7 1 ...
a 105 (Ent. 2 2/2544)
1. 5
2. 15
3. 35
4. 105
29. a , b a ... b 216 q1 , q2
216
= bq1 +106
b
= 106q2 +4
f(x) = x3+ ax + bx 36 f(x) x a
(Ent. 1 2545)
1. 192
2. 200
3. 236
4. 272

14
30.

A
B

= xR

1
1
x + 4x + 4
2

= { nn n 2 }
A B (Ent. . 2539)
1. 4
2. 3
3. 2
4. 1

1) 3 2) 3 3) 1 4) 2 5) 2 6) 4 7) 3 8) 8 9) 3
11) 2 12) 4 13) 2 14) 1 15) 2 16) 1 17) 3 18) 2 19) 1
21) 4 22) 4 23) 48 24) 14 25) 4 26) 3 27) 4 28) 2 29) 2

10) 4
20) 1
30) 2