1

1.1 -
1.1.1

1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
: , , , ;
4. A B ;
;

1.

1.1.2

A
A

AB

AB

A B

A, B

AB

A B

A B
A, B

A B = A B

B
A

A B
A
B

B A = B A

A
B

B A
B
A

(A B) (B A)

B
A A
B

(A B) (B A) A
B

(A B) = A B

A B

(A B) A , B

(A B) = A B

A B

(A B) A B

Venn

1.2.

1.2
-
1. .
2. .
3. . :
() P () = 1
() P () = 0
() A 0 P (A) 1
4. A B :
P (A B) = P (A) + P (B)
5. A A :
P (A ) = 1 P (A)
6. A B :
P (A B) = P (A) + P (B) P (A B)
7. A , B A B, P (A) P (B)
8. A B
P (A B) = P (A) P (A B)
- -
9. .
.
) .
) ;
. )1/3

10. . .
1, 2, 5 . 2.
, . 150 ,
) 5.
) .
. )25 ) 100

8
1
1
11. A, B P (A) =
, P (B) = P (A B) = ,
15
3
5
:
A B, A , B , A B , A B , A B , A B, (A B) (B A), A B , A B
.

12. A :
[P (A)]2 + [P (A)]2 = 1
A .

7
2 1 4
2
3 , 15 , 3 , 3 , 5

1.
13. 24 14 . 4,
3 . ,
.
.

11
24

14. , . 25% , 85% , 38%

.
:
) .
) .
. )2% )62%

15. 68% , 16%

, 26% .
.
. 10%

16. 65% , 20% 5%

. .
;
. 75%

17. :
4%. 6%.
2%.
. :
i) .
ii) .
. i)8% ii)6%

18. 50% , 35% 77%

. :
i) .
ii) .
iii) .
. i)8% ii)23% iii)42%

19. , 14 ,
1
.
31 12
:
) .
) .
) .
) .
. ) 12 ) 16 ) 12 ) 56

20. A, B P (A) =
) P (A B) 0, 75
1
3
) P (A B) .
8
8

3
3
, P (B) = , :
4
8

1.2.
21. A, B P (A) =
) A, B .
1
) : P (A B) .
3

5
1
2
, P (B) = .
3
2

1
3
22. A, B P (A) =
, P (A B) = , :
2
4
1
3
P (B) .
4
4

1.

2.1
-
1.
.
() , x, y : x = y x = y.
() , 1.
() : ( + 1)0 = 1.
() 2 + x = 5 .
() 3 = .
2. :
=
3 2 = 3 2
3 3 = 2 2
3( ) = 2( )
3=2
3. ,
.

-
-
-
-
-
- -
1
4. x + y = 2 : A = 2( x) 3[5(y)] + [(x + 6y)]
. 21

5. x + y = 1 : = x(x 3) + y(y 3) + 2xy

. 4

6. x, y,
. x = 600, y = 750, = 450

x
y

= = x + y + = 1800.
4
5
3

7. 2, 3 7. .
;
7

2.
8.

= , :

5 9
=
(5 9) = 0

5 9

+
ii)
=
( + ) = 0

+
i)

9. 3.
10. .
11.
i)
ii) 4, 1.
12. : (x + y + z)2 + (x + y z)2 + (x y + z)2 + (x y z)2 = 4(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ).
13. : ( )3 3 + ( + )3 + 3( )( + ) = (42 + 3 2 ).
14. x, y : (x + 3y)2 = x2 + 9y 2
0.
15. + + = 0, : ( + + )2 = 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 .
16. : (2 + 2 )2 + 4(2 2 ) = (2 2 + 2)2 .
17. 34cm 60cm2 .
.
: x2 + y 2 = (x + y)2 2xy

18. (2x )2 = ( )2 , x = x = .
19. x + y = 2 xy = 1 :
A=

1
1
+ ,
x y

20. =

B = x2 + y 2 ,

x y
+ ,
y
x

= x3 + y 3 ,

E = x4 + y 4

5x 6
.
(3x 5)2 (2x 1)2

) x .
) .
21. ,
(x + 2)(2x + 1)2 16(x + 2)
9(2x + 1)2 (4x 1)2
)
B
=
) A =
4(x2 + 4x + 4)
(2x + 5)(7 x) + 4x2 25
22. .
, .
23. .
, , = .
24. .
2 + 41, , .
2
25. ) Euler. , , , :
3 + 3 + 3 3

= ( + + )(2 + 2 + 2 )
]
[
= ( + + ) ( )2 + ( )2 + ( )2

) :
3 + 3 + 3 = 3

==

++ =0

2.1.

26. De Moivre. :
4 + 4 + 4 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 = ( + + )( + )( + )( )
27. Newton. , , , :
(x )(x )(x ) = x3 ( + + )x2 + ( + + )x
, x.
.
28. i) :
ii) :

( + + )3 = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3( + )( + )( + )
(x 1)3 + (x 3)3 + (x 7)3 + (11 3x)3 = 0

[. 2 , 4 , 5]

29. ( + + )2 = + + , : = = = 0.
30. , .

2 + 1

=
2 + 1

, .
31. ) ( + )( + 2)( + 3) + 4 = (2 + 3 + 2 )2 .
) x(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) + 1 = (x2 + 3x + 1)2 .
.
) 100 101 102 103 .
32. 314 + 313 12, .
. 26 3 5 7 13 73

33. , , R :

x
y

= =

x6 + y 6 + 6
=
6 + 6 + 6

x2 + y 2 + 2
2 + 2 + 2

)3

34. + = 1 : A = 2(3 + 3 ) 3(2 + 2 ).

35. x y = 1 : B = 2(3 3 ) 3(2 + 2 ).
36. + + = 1 , + + = 1 = 1 , :
A = 2 + 2 + 2 ,

B = 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 ,

= 3 + 3 + 3 ,

= 4 + 4 + 4

37. + + = 0 :
( + )( + ) = ( + )( + ) = ( + )( + )
38. : (2x y )3 + (2y x)3 + (2 x y)3 = 3(2x y )(2y x)(2 x y).
39. 3x = + + : (x )3 + (x )3 + (x )3 = 3(x )(x )(x ).
40. + + = 0 :
) ( + )3 + ( + )3 + ( + )3 = 3( + )( + )( + ).
) ( + )3 + ( + )3 + ( + )3 = 3( + )( + )( + ).
(
)2
1
1
41. +
= 3 , 3 + 3 = 0.

42. +

1
= 2 :

2 +

1
1
1
= 3 + 3 = 4 + 4
2

10

2.

43. , :
++2
1
1
=
+
4
+1 +1
, .
44. :
) 15 244 1.
) 8 32 1 , 1.
) (a 1)2 a+1 a a + 1 , a, N.
3

45. :

+
3 + 3
3 3

= ( + )2 .
1

1+
1

46. , , AB ,

+
+
=0

.
47. , , : + + = 2 + 2 + 2 = 3.
: = = = 1.
48. + + = 0 = 0, :
4
4
4
+
+
=0
3 + 3 3
3 + 3 3
3 + 3 3
49. + + = 0 = 0, :
2 + 2 + 2
2
+
3 + 3 + 3
3

1
1
1
+ +

)
=0

50. + + = 0 = 0, :
3 + 3 + 3 3( + 2)
=3
2 + 2 2

2.2.

11

2.2
-
1.
.
() x, y .
x > y x > y.
() x > y 2 x > 2 y.
- -
1
2. x > 1 :
i) x2 > x
ii) x3 + x > x2 + 1
3. x > 2 : x3 > 2x2 x + 2
4. > > 0 : 2 + 2 > 2 + .
5. x > y > 0 : = x3 y 3 = (x y)3 .
6. , , :
x = 3 + 3 y = 2 + 2
7. x y > 0 :

xy
x2 y 2
2
.
x+y
x + y2

8. : ( + )2 4. ;
9. : ( + + )2 ( + ) + ( + ) + ( + ).
;
10. :

2
1. ;
1 + 2

11. , 2 + 2 = 4 4.
12. x, y, , : (x + )2 + (y + )2 = 4(x + y).
x = x = .
13. 2( 2 ) = ( + )( + 2) = = .
4
1
5
x 2y
x 2 < y < . A = 6x 8y B = + , :
3
2
4
2
3
19
1
i) 2 < A < 19
ii)
<B<
12
6

14.

15. , 1 2 3 < < 4. :

2
iv) 10 < 2 + 2 < 20
i) 10 < 2 3 < 5
ii) 3 < < 8
iii) 14 <
< 3
16. , : 8, 3 8, 5 5, 7 5, 8. :
i) 28 28, 6.
ii) 47, 31 49, 3.
17. (O, R) (O, ) : 3, 5 < R < 4 2 < < 2, 2.
7, 41 12.
18. :

1x5

x
[3, 2)

3
8

(3, )

32 < x < 4, 8

12

2.

19. 0 < x < 1 0 < y < 1, : 0 <

x+y
< 1.
1 + xy

20. : 22 + 2 + 2 2( + ). ;
21. : 2x2 2x + 1 > 0.
22. : 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 2( + ). ;
23. Schwarz. :
(2 + 2 + 2 )(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) (x + y + z)2
, , , x, y, z ,

= = .
x
y
z
24. AB 20m. AB = = xm
E(x) , :
i) A = B = 10 x
ii) 0 < x < 10
iii) E(x) = x2 + 10x
iv) E(x) 25
v) 20m .
25. x, y :
x2 + y 2 + 6y 2(5x 17).
26. a, b, c :
a2 + 10 = 8b , b2 + 15 = 10c , c2 + 25 = 6a
. a = 3, b = 4, c = 5

27. , , :
x = 3 + 2 3 y = 3 2
(
)2
2

28. ) :
<
.
2 + 1
+1
(
)2
2 4 6
2000
1
) :

<
.
3 5 7
2001
1001
3
29. x > 2 x3 7x 6.
30. > 2 A = 3 B = 2 + + 2.
31. : 3(4 + 2 + 1) (2 + + 1)2 . ;

= = = 0, : 2 + 2 2 + 2 .

32.

33. , > 0 +
( = 1,)
(
) :
1
1
1
ii) 1 +
1+
9
i)
4

iii) 2 + 2

1
2

iv) 4 + 4

1
8

2.3.

13

2.3
2.3.1 a |a| :
{
|a| =

a 0
a < 0

a
a

2.3.1 , :
|| = | | 0
||

||

||2 = 2
, > 0 , :
|x| = x = x =
|x| = || x = x =
:
1. ( || ||)( || + ||) = (||)2 (||)2 = 2 ||2 2 ||2 = 2 2 2 2 = 0.
2.
|3x 5| = 7
3x 5 = 7 3x 5 = 7
3x = 7 + 5
3x = 12
12
x=
3
x=4

3x = 7 + 5
3x = 2
2
x=

3
2
x=
3

3.
|2x 5| =
2x 5 = 3 2x
2x + 2x = 3 + 5

|3 2x|
2x 5 = 3 + 2x
2x 2x = 3 + 5

0x = 2
8
x =

4
x = 2

4x = 8

2.3.2 , , :
1. || = || ||
, , .
 
  ||
2.   =
, = 0

||
, , .
3. | + | || + ||
, , .
:

14

2.
 

||
2.  

||
:
1. || || || ,  

:
  =
 
|| = || ||
 2

2
  =
||2 = (|| ||)
 
2
2
2
() = || ||
( )2

=
2 2 = 2 2 , .

2
=
2
:
1. = :

||

||
( )2
||

||
||2

||2
2
, .
2

|x2 x2 |
|x2 ( )|
|x2 || |
x2 | |
=
=
=
= x2 .
| |
| ( )|
| |
| |

2.3.3 > 0, :
1. |x| < < x <
2. |x| > x <

x>

2.3.2 A B .
AB , d(, ) | |.
: d(, ) = | |.
-
1.
.


() x : x2 + 3 = x2 + 3.
() y : |y 4| = y 4.


() : 2 2 1 = 2 + 1 2.
() ||x| + x| = |x| + x x R.
() |y |y|| = y |y| y R.
() x, y R |2x y 3| = |y 2x + 3|.
() d(, ) = 2.
() , R : d(, ) = d(2 , 2 ) = .
2. max{, }
{ , .

max{, } =
.
<
R, max.
: |a| = | a| 0 , |a| a |a| a.
3. ||2 = 2 , .
4. || = || ||, , R,
, .
- -
1


 

5. : A = x2 1 x2 2x + 1

 

6. : 2 + 6 + 9 2 6 + 9 = 12.

 



7. : A = 2 + 2 + 1 + 2 2 + 1 2 2 + 3, .

2.3.

15

8. , : | | + | | | | = 0.
9. 2 < x < 1 2 < y < 1 :
A = |x + 3y + 8| + |2x + y 3| + x 2y .
10.
) A = |x 1| + x 5
) B = 2 |2 x| 3x + 1
11.
i) A = 5 |x 1| + |2 + x| x 4

ii) B = |2x 1| |x + 3| + x

12. x, :
|2x 5| = 5 2x

|x 1| = x 1.
x
1.
|x|
x
y
z
) x, y, z = 0 :
+
+
3.
|x| |y| |z|
2
3
) , = 0 :
+
5.
|| ||

13. ) x = 0 :

14. x, y, , :
|2x + 6| + |3x 2y 1| + |x + 4y 3 7| = 0.
15. , , :
|2 3 + 13| + |5 + 4 7| = 0.
. = 2, = 3

16. :
) |2x 1| = |x + 1|

) |3 x| = |7x 9|

17. :
) |x 2| = 3

) |6 5x| = 14

18. , R x =

) |4x 5| |1 2x| = 0


) 1 + 32 x =

5
6

, y=
: |x| + |y| = 1
|| + ||
|| + ||

19. , = 0 || = || , .
20. , || + || = 0,
.


 + 25 

 = 5 || = 5.
21. 
+1 
 


   
+
1
22. , R + = 0, 
+   + 
23. x, y R

d(2x, 3y) = 3y 2x ,

24. :
) |x 1| < 2
) |x + 5| > 3

2x
.
3

) |x + 3| 7
) |4x 5| 3

) |3 2x| 15

25. , :
) | 5| < | + 2|
) d(, 4) > d(5, )
26. x R, :
d(2x, 3)
|x 6|
<1
)
1
)
|4 x|
d(1, 2x)
27. x, y R |x| 2 |y| 3. :
i) |5x 2y| 16
ii) |3x + 7y + 1| 28
2





28. : 2 + 4 + 5 3 = 2 2 2 + 6.

16

2.

29. 1 < < 2 :

.
30. , R , :

= || + 1| 3| |4 + | 2||

2 || 2 || = (|| ||)(2 + || + 2 ).

31. , :
i) + || || + ||
ii) || || ||
32. x, y R : |5x + 3y 6| = 5 |x| + 3 |y 2|.
: x(y 2) 0.
   
  
33. , = 0,   +   2. ;




1
34. x R , x +  2. ;
x
35. x R, :
|x 6|
d(2x, 3)
)
<1
)
1
|4 x|
d(1, 2x)
36. , , x R :
i) | + 4| + |3 | 7
iii) |x + 2| + |7 4x| + |3x 5| 4

ii) | + 5| + | 9| 14

37. :
)

(x + 2)2
(1 x)2
+
3 x = 1 x = 2
|x + 2|
|1 x|

42 4 + 4 42 + 4 + 4
+
2 =
|2 1|
|2 + 1|

1
2

= 12

38. f (x) = x2 +px+q. |f (0)| , |f (1)| , |f (1)|,

1
.
2
39. , R :
i) ||| ||| | + |

ii) ||| ||| | |

40. , ;
i) | | = | + |
ii) | | = || + ||


 x |y| y |x| 
 = 2, x, y .
41. x, y R 

xy
3
42. :
i) ||x + 1| + x + 1| + ||x + 1| x 1| 2 |x + 1| = 0
ii) ||x 2| 2 + x| + ||2 x| x + 2| |4 2x| = 0
43. , , :
| + 3| 2 1 2
44.
x, :
 2 
x 2x 4x x2 4


45. 2 < x < 1 : x2 3x 10 < 20.


46. |x| < 1 1 < y < 3 : x2 3xy y + 1 < 14.
47. |x| = |y|

|x|
|y|
+
1.
|x + y| |x y|

2.4.

17

2.4
-
1.
.

() , > 0 + = + .

() x < 1 x2 2x + 1 = x 1.

() x : x2 1 = (x + 1)(x 1) = x + 1 x 1.
- -
1

2. :
3. x =

21 +

13 +

7+ 4=5

7 + 5 y = 7 5, : x2 xy + y 2 .

4.

2
i) (3
3

2)(3
3
+
2)

(
3 2)
2 3(1 + 3) = 10 + 2 3.

ii) ( 3 2)2 + (1 3)2 + (1 2)2 = 2

5. = 2 + 2 , = 2 + 2 + 2 , = 2 2 + 2, = 2.

6. = 2 + 2 + 3 , = 2 2 + 3 , = 2 + 3, : = 1.
7.
.

) 8 + 32 18
) 320 + 580
4 45
)
5 12 2 3 +6 27

)
32 72 +
2 + 50 8
) 6 24 54
8.

.
) 58 27 + 50 300
2 2
) 3 48 18 12 + 98 + 3
9. .
2
2
6
1

)
)
)
)
2
6
12
3 2
10. .
3
4
4

)
)
)
4 7
2 3 5
2 53 2
11.
:

3
2
+
=5
)
3+ 2
3 2

3+ 2
3 2
+
= 10
12. :
3 2
3+ 2
13. :

1
1
3 5

=
4
(3 5)2
(3 + 5)2
)3
(
2+1

14. ) :

3
3
) : 7 + 5 2 5 2 7 = 2

2
2 20 + 3 8 2 75

=
15. :
3
2 45 + 3 18 5 27

3+ 7

)
2 3+ 5

7
5
+
=6
)
7+ 5
7 5

)
(
)3
21 .

(2

1
1

+
= 76
5)3
(2 + 5)3

18

2.

16. :
.
17. :

i) 3 + 3 < 3

3 12 + 20 2 8 + 8

3 27 + 45 2 18 + 12

ii)

6+ 7<3

iii)

13 + 5 < 11 + 7

18. :

i) 5 2 6 = 3 2

ii)

4+2 3= 3+1

19. 1 < x < 2 :

x2
7 x2 2x + 1 2 9x2 36x + 36
A=

x
x1
x2
20. :

i) 3 375 3 24 3 81

ii)

4
2592 4 512 + 4 2 4 32

21.

3
3
3
3
) 5 21 7 + 5 5 + 21 7 5

4
4
4
4
) 3 7
10 + 2 3 + 7
10 2
22. .
3
1
1
)
)
)
3
3
4
6
4
125
23.

.

3
5
5
)
7 7
) 3 3 3 9

3
4
3 27 3

24.
.

15
10
5
i) 3
ii)
2 2 8
25. :

) 5 3 25 6 5

3
3
27
) 214 2 2 3 2
26.
:
) 2 34

) ( 2 3 2 4 2) : 6 4

) 8 5 5 5 5

4
40
) 314 3 3 5 3

) 3
: 43

3
) ( 7 5 7 15 7) : ( 7 10 7)

3
3 53 63

2
27. 1637 Fermat Fermat:
x, y, z > 2 : x + y = z .
, n,
.
28. :
29. :

30. :

x2

3n2 + 3n + 1

1
1
+ y 2 + x = 3 + 1 y = 3 1.
x
y

( 80 200 180 + 288 8)( 20 45) = 10

1+

1
1
1

+
= 2
1 2
2 3
3 4

31. .
1
1

)
)
1+ 2 3
2+ 3+ 6

1+

1
2

32. .
Fermat 1993 Andrew Wiles.
Fermat , .

2.4.

19

x + 4 x2

)
, 2 x 2 x = 2
2
x 4x

++

)
, > > 0
+

x + x2 1 x x2 1

33. x > 1, :

= 4x x2 1
x x2 1 x + x2 1
34.

:

) 9 4 5
) 18 8 2

8 + 2 12

3
3

=3
42 3
4+2 3

36. = 3 375 3 16 + 3 2 3 192 = 3 72 3 9 + 3 384 + 3 4 3 162

: = 1.

35. :

. Euler, 37. K =
3
3
25 + 30 + 3 36
, .
.

3
38. :
1
1
1
1
+
+
+

1+
1+ 2
2+ 3
98 + 99
99 + 100

39. x2 + y 2 = 4, : x4 10y 2 + 65 + y 4 4x2 + 20 = 11

40. .
1
xy

)
)

, x, y > 0
3
4
2
2+ 3
x + 3 xy + 3 y

20

2.

3.1 1
-
1.
.
() 0 .
() = ( )x = , x = 1.
() 2 x = 2 x .
() (x + 1)2 = x2 + 4 2 .
() x = , x = .
- -
1
2. 2 (x 3) = 2(3 x) , .
3. 2 (x 1) = (x + 2), .
i) x = .
ii) .
iii) x = 3;
4. ) : (x 1) = x 1 , .
) , .

4
1
1

3
1
5. 5( x) 6 = ( x) 3x , R
6. , (3x 2) + 13x = (5x + 3) 4 .
7. , (x 1) = x 2 + 3 .
8. :
|x| 2 |x|

=1
2
4
2 |x 3| + 1
3(|x 3| 1)
) |x 3|
=
3
4
2 |4 5x| 1 3 |4 5x| 2
5 |4 5x| + 4 7 |4 5x| 6
)

3
4
6
6
)

21

22

3.
9. :
5 |x 2| 2
3 |x 2|
+ (|2 x| 2) =
4
3
6
|x 3| 1 2 |2x 6|
)
+
= |3 x| 1
3
15
(
)
|2x 1| 1 1 3 |1 2x| 1
|6x 3| 6
)

=
4
3
2
4
12

2
10. A B 105 . A B,
24 . B A,
30 . ;
;
11. .
i) 3 x 2 4 = 4(x 1)
ii) 3 (x 1) = 4x + 8
12. :
) (x )2 + (x 1)2 = (x )2 + (x 1)2
) (x + )( ) + (x + )( + ) = ( + )2
13.

x+ x+
+
= 2, .
x x

14. :
) ||x| + 3| = 4
15. :
) |x 2| + x = 8

) ||x + 1| 1| = 2
) |3x 1| = x + 1

16. :

 

i) x2 + 2x + 1 x2 + 3 5x = 3




ii) 4x2 + 4x + 1 2 x2 + 1 = 2 + 2x2
3
17. , :
+1
1
1
+
=
.
x 1 x2 1
x+1

) |2 |x 1| + 1| = 3
) |x + 1| + |x 1| = 2

3.2. X =

23

3.2 x =
x = :

x =

=0
>0
<0

x =
0

||

- -
1
1. :
) x3 = 1000

) x4 = 625

) x5 + 32 = 0

2. 64cm3 . .
3.
. 2058 cm3 , .
4. :
) 3x3 12x = 0

) 2x5 + 16x2 = 0

5. :
) x5 81x = 0
) 6x5 + 3x = 0

) 64x5 x3 = 0
) 135x8 + 40x5 = 0

6. :
) (x + 1)5 = 32
) (2x 1)4 = 2x 1

) (x 2)4 216(x 2) = 0

) 8x4 + x = 0
) x105 x5 = 0

2
7. :
) x6 + x4 x2 1 = 0 = 0
8. :
) x1962 + 128x1969 = 0
) x2050 + x50 = 2x1050
) 8888x2001 + 1111x2004 = 0

) x11 32x6 + x5 32 = 0

24

3.

3.3 2
-
1.
.
() ,
.
() = 0. .
() x2 + x + = 0, = 0, . > 0.
() x2 6x + 2 1 = 0 3. = 2.
() x2 + x + = 0, = 0, x1 , x2 . x21 + x22 = S 2 2P , S
P .
() x2 + x + = 0, = 0, x1 , x2 . x31 + x32 = S 3 3P , S P
.
() 52

3
4

8x2 + 14x 15 = 0.

- -
1
2. :
) x2 + 2 4x 1 = 0

2x ( 2 + 3)x + 3 = 0

3. x, x + 1 , 3 x .
4. :

(x2 2x 3)2 + (3x2 6x 9)2 = 0

5.  :

x2 9 = 0
) |x 3|
 +



) |x| + x2 x = x + x3 


 

) x2 + x 2 + 1 x2  = 0

6. , , , :
x2 2x + 2 2 + 2 2 = 0, .
7. , , Q, : 3x2 (2 + 3)x + 2 = 0 , = 0,
, .
8. : x2 x+ = 0 , : (2 4)x2 x5 = 0
i)
ii)
9. : x2 ( 3)x + 2 5 2 = 0 , R.
) ;
) ), .
10. : ( 3)x2 2(3 )x + 5 3 = 0 , R.
i) ;
ii) ;
iii) , ;
11. : ( 1)x2 2( 1)x + 4 5 = 0 , R.
i) , .
ii) .
12. : (2 + 1)x2 + 3( 1)x + 1 = 0
.
13. , :
(1 )x2 4x 3 = 0, .
14. x2 3x + 1 = 0, x1 , x2 . :
x2
x1
+
) x31 + x32
) x21 + x22
)
x2
x1

) |x1 x2 |

3.3. 2

25

15. :
2
x2 + x + 3
= 0 , = 0, .
(
)(
)
16. , (x 2)2 (4x 3) = 0, 34 43
.
.

25
16

17. 4x2 + (3 + 3)x 2(5 3) = 0.

) 2.
) .
18. 2x2 ( 2)x + 7 32 4 2 = 0 , , R
) .
) .
19. , 5x2 (2 2)x + 3 2 = 0 ,
.
20. :
) 6x2 |x| 2 = 0
) 6(x 1)2 5 |1 x| 6 = 0

) 2(x 4)2 |x 4| 15 = 0

21. :
) (x2 + 2x)2 (x2 + 2x) 2 = 0
22. :
) x4 3x2 4 = 0

) (x2 1)2 4(1 x2 ) 21 = 0

) 3x4 + 16x2 + 5 = 0

23. :
2x + 1
3
x2
)
2
=
x1
x x
x
2

) 2x4 3x2 + 1 = 0

3x 1
18
7x2 28
7

= 2
+
x+2
2x
x 4
2+x

24. 3x2 + 5 |x| + x = 9.

25. x2 2( )x + 2 2 1 = 0 , , R
i) = 4( 1)2
ii) , , .
26. : 3x2 2( + + )x + + + = 0, , , R.
i) .
ii) ; ;
27. , , AB , .
i) x2 ( 2 + 2 2 )x + = 0
2
2
ii)

= 2
x+1
x
28. : ( 1)x2 2( 1)x 2 2 + 3 = 0
.
29. x2 3 | + 1| x + 2 = 2 + 2 , , R. ,
, .
30. , , Q, :
( )x2 + ( )x + ( ) = 0 , = 0 =
, .
31. x2 + x + = 0, = 0. , :
| | = || + ||, .
32. x2 + 2x + = 0, = 0 ,
2 x2 (x 1)2 + = 1.

26

3.
(
2

33. a b x + 3x + 1 = 0.
(
)2
b
.
a+1

a
b+1

)2
+

. 18.

34. , :
( 1)x2 (2 + 1)x + 2 = 0
( + 1)x2 (4 1)x 2 = 0
. .
3
35. 2x2 2( )x + 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 2 = 0, , , R,
. :
+
) =
2
) .
36. (2 + 2 + 2 )x2 + 2( + + )x + 3 = 0, , , R ,
.
) , ,
) .
37. x2 + ax + bc = 0 , x2 + bx + ca = 0 , ,
, x2 + cx + ab = 0.
38. A. x2 + x + = 0, = 0 1 , 2 .
1
1
S = 1 + 2 S = + .
1
2
:
i) S + S1 + S2 , = 3, 4, 5,
( )

ii) S =
S , = 0.

iii) 1 , 2 x2 2x 1 = 0, S5 =
51 + 52 .
B. ( ) :

i) A = (1 + 3)6 + (1 3)6
1
1

.
ii) B =
+
7
(1 + 2)
(1 2)7

4.1 1
-
1.
.
() 0x < 5 .
() 2x > 9 .
() 8x < 7 .
- -
1
2. x :
5x 2 4 7x
1 3x
4 x 6x 1
x

>

1
3
6
12
2
4
8
3. 12 17. .
4. 19 26.
5. :
) |x + 1| < 5
) |3x 2| > 7

) |2x 7| < 9
) |12 9x| 6

) |6 3x| 15

2
6. : A =

x2 9
.
|x| 3

) x ;
) .
) A 6.
7. : A =

x2 2 |x| + 1
.
|x| 1

) x ;
) .
) A < 3.
8. :
) 2 < |x 5| < 5
) 1 < |2x 5| < 6

) 3 < |3 x| < 7
) 5 < |4 6x| < 9

9. x :
|2 x| 3
1 + |x + 2|
|x 2| 1
<

4
2
3

27

28

4.

4.2 2
-
1.
.
( 1000 )
() f (x) = 2x2 + x + 1 , f 1001
>0
- -
1
2. :
) f (x) = 3x2 + 15x + 42 ) g(x) = 6x2 7x 5
) h(x) = 9x2 16x + 8 ) (x) = 20x2 60x + 45
3. x, . .
9x2 + 6x 8
x2 x 6
) B =
) A = 2
2x + 5x + 2
15x2 + 2x 24
4. f (x) = 6x2 5x 6.
) , x.
) < , > , = .

) f ( 2) 0
) f (0, 667) 0
) f (1, 534) 0
)

0
) f (0, 6) 0
) f (1, 5) 0
) f ( 11
7
5. :
) 3x x2 0

) 5 x2 < 0

) 3x2 + 2x 8 < 0

6.

(3x2 + 7x 5)(4x2 44x + 121)

x2 + 3x 3
, x.
K=

7. :
{
2x 1 > 0
)
x2 x 2 < 0

4 x > 0
) 2x2 x + 6 > 0

3x2 + 4x 2 < 0

2 x < 0
) 2x2 5x + 12 > 0

2
x + 3x 4 < 0

8. x ;

) A = 4 + 3x x2
) B = 1 x2 + 2x2 9x + 4
2
9. (x) = (2 + 1)x2 3x + 3 , R x.
10. g(x) = x2 x + 1 , R .
11. h(x) = x2 + 2x ( + )2 , x R, , ,
.
12. ) : f (x) = x2 3x + 4

g(x) = 2x2 5x + 4.

) x y, :
(x2 6x + 9)(y 2 3y + 4) + (4y + 5)2 (2x2 5x + 4) = 0
13. ( 2)x2 2x + 2 3 = 0. ,
.
14. ,
( + 2)x2 2( 2)x + 5( 2) < 0
x R.
3

4.2. 2

29

15. x2 + ( 2)x + 1 = 0.
) R, x1 , x2 .
) :
1 < x21 + x1 x2 + x22 < 7

30

4.

5.1
-
1.
.
() (a ) a .
() a = |3 1| |3 + 1| a = 2.
- -
1
2. :
(
)
(1)
1
i) a = 2
ii) a = 1 +
+1

3. a1 = 1, a2 = 3 a2+1 = a a+2 8 N . 5 .
. 577

4. (a ) a1 = 3 a+1 =

5a 4
.
1 + a

5. Fibonacci, a1 = 1, a2 = 1 a+2 = a+1 + a . 17 .

6. (a ) a1 = 1 a+1 = 1 + a2 .
i) 6 .
ii) ;
7. (a ) a1 = 2 a+1 =

3 + a
, N .
1 a

i) .
ii) ;

31

32

5.

5.2
-
1.
.
() 10, 7, 4, 20.
() (a ) a2 , a4 , a6 2a4 = a2 + a6 .
- -
1
2. 2 , 4 6 0, 3 ,
5 7 6. 30 .
. 690

3. 12 . 10 3 .
) ;
) ;
) 7 30
. ;
4. 324 : ,
, ...
) 12 ;
) ;
5. A. 20 , . 1 16 7 28 .
) 10 ;
) 5 15 ;
B. 1 6 , 2 9 ,
3 12 ...
) ;
) ;
. .)34 )350 .)11 )55

6. , 70 250 .
. 140
.
i) 20
.
ii) .
iii) 100 ,
. ;
. )1600 )5

7. , , R ( + )2 , 2 + 2 ( )2
.
8. ) x x4, x + 4 3x4
.
) x4 (),
.

5.2.

33

) 10 .
. ) x = 8 ) 1 = 36 ) S10 = 0

9. :
) (x + 2) + (x + 5) + (x + 8) + + (x + 53) = 459
) 1 + 7 + 13 + + x = 280 , x > 0
. ) 2 ) 55

10. 1 , 1 , 1 ,
:
i) , ,
ii) ( + ) , ( + ) , ( + )
iii) ( + )2 , ( + )2 , ( + )2
11. , ,
+ , + , + .
12. , , 3
8.
. 2, 1, 4

13. , ,
3, 4 5.
2
14. a =

3 2 3
5.
+1

) .
) A = a15 + a16 + + a30 .
) B = a1 + a3 + a5 + + a53 .
15. AB , > > , , , , .
. ( ).
16. 620 640 .
:
120 .
10 .
, .
48 .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
. ) 48 3 ) 600 + 15 )2 )60 )630

17. 2290 33 . . , 2
, , 3 .
) ;
) i) ;
ii) ;
. ) 90 )i) 32 ii)48

34

5.

5.3
-
1.
.
() .
() 1, a1 .
- -
1
2. 4 108 8 8748
. 4, 12, 36, 108, ... , 4, 12, 36, 108, ...

3. 3 24 8 768.
. a1 = 6, = 2

4. :
A. 10 , 6 .
B. , 33 10 .
B1. 20 .
B2. ;
. A. 7290 B1. 1890 B2. 27

5. x x + 4, 3x, 47x .
. 2,

1
2

6. x, 10, y , x, 6, y , x, y.
. 2, 18

7. , , , , = = .
8. , , :
2 2 4
2 2 4
2 2 4
+
+
=0

9. x, y, , z :
2 z + z3
y+z
=
i) (x + z)(y + ) (x + )(y + z) = (y )2
ii)
x
3
10. , 216
20.
. 2, 6, 18

11.
168, 512.
. 2, 8, 32

6.1
-
1.
.
( )
() f f 12 = 2 f (0, 5) = 3.
x3 8
x3 23
(x 2)(x2 2x + 22 )
x2 2x + 4
=
=
=
x2 4
x2 22
(x 2)(x + 2)
x+2
A = R {2}.

() f (x) =

- -
1
2. :
x+2
|x|
) f (x) = 2
) g(x) = 2
x 5x
2x 5x 3

) h(x) =

3.
:

4 x2
x+1
x5
) g(x) =
+
x2 + 3x 5
) f (x) =
x
x
2x

3 |2 x|
) h(x) = 2
x 5x + 6
4.
(2x + 3)(x 2) + 4 x2
x(x + 1) + x3 + 1
) f (x) =
)
g(x)
=
x2 2x
3x2 + 2x 1
2
5. f (x) =

x2 3|x|
.
x2 9

)
)
)
)

f .
.
|f (x)| = 25 .
|f (x)| 12 .
{
x
3
x < 0
2
6. f (x) = x +1
2
5x 2x + x 0
i) , :
f (1) = 3f (0) 1 5f (2) + 10f (1) = 1.
1
+ [4 + f (3)]2 + 4, 84.
ii) =
f (0) f ( 12 )
. i) = 2, = 1 ii) = 1

35

x3 + 2
|x 2| 3

36

6.

6.2
-
1.
.
() A(4, 1) B(4, 1) xx.
() A(2, 3) B(2, 3) .
() A(1, 2) B(1, 2) yy.
- -
1
2.
) f (x) = |2x 3| 1
) g(x) = x3 x
3. f (x) =

x 1
, R. M (1, 12 ) f .
x2 + 1

) .
) f .
4. g(x) = x2 + x 2 , , R. A(1, 4) B(4, 6)
g.
) , .
) f .
. ) = 1, = 4 ) (0, 6), (2, 0), (3, 0)

6.3. F (X) = X +

37

6.3 f (x) = x +
-
1.
.
() y = 3x + 5 x x.
b
() x + y = 0 xOy.

() y =

2
2 x

+ 3 y =

1 x
2

4 .

() 2x + y = 5 y = 2x + 9 .
- -
1
2.
:

2x + 3 x 1
i) f (x) = 5
1 < x 2

x4
x > 2

3x 1
ii) g(x) = 3

2x + 1

x < 2
x = 2
x > 2

3. :
i) f (x) = |x 2| + 2x 1
ii) g(x) = |2x + 1| |x 1|
4.
:

i) f (x) = x2 + 4x + 4 x
ii) g(x) = x2 + 2x + 1 x2 2x + 1
5. R :
) 1 : y = 2 x 1 2 : y = (2 )x + 3
) 1 : y = | 2|x + 2 : y = 2||x + 6 1
6. ) A(5, 3)
2x + y = 3.
) , M (1, 2 4) .
. )y = 2x 7 ) = 1

2
7. :
x2 1
x
x1
i) f (x) =
+ 2x 1
ii) g(x) = x +
+
|x + 1|
|x| |x 1|

38

6.

7.1 f (x) = x2
-
1.
.
() f (x) = 3x2 .
() f (x) = 2x3 .
- -
1

(
)
2. , , A 3, 32 .
3. ) , f (x) = x2
g(x) = x.
x2 < x.
) .
4. f (x) = x2 |x|.
{
1x
5. f (x) =
x2 + 1

39

x 0
x > 0

40

7.

7.2 f (x) = x2 + x +
-
1.
.
(
)

() f (x) = x2 + x + , = 0, f 2
= .
4
- -
1
2. :
) f (x) = 2x2 x 6
) f (x) = 4x2 + 4x + 1
) f (x) = 3x2 + 2x + 1
2
2
) f (x) = x + x + 2
) f (x) = 9x + 12x 4
) f (x) = x2 + x 1
3. i) f (x) = x2 + x + . , , ,
yy 2 xx 2 1.
ii) f .
. i) = 1, = 3, = 2

4. i) f (x) = x2 + x + . , , , A(1, 4), B(2, 3) (2, 5).

ii) f .
. i) = 1, = 2, = 3

5. i) f (x) = x2 + x + . , , ,
yy 5 xx 25 x = 34 .
ii) f .
. i) = 2, = 3, = 5

6. ) R, f (x) = x2 6x +
xx.
) f .
. ) = 0, =

1
9

7. f (x) = |x2 6x + 5|.

) f .
) , y = f
.
. ) 0 < < 4

8. f (x) = x2 6x + 5 g(x) = 1x2 .

i) , .
ii) .
iii) , y =
.
. ii) A(1, 0), B(2, 3) iii)4 1

9. f (x) = (x 1)2 + (2x 1)2 .

. x =

3
, fmin
5

1
5