1.

Process
Equipment should be laid out in a sequence to suit the process flow. Fluid flow requirements, for example gravity flow systems, pump suction heads and thermosyphon system, often dictate relative elevations and provoke the need for structures. Limitations of pressure or temperature drop in transfer lines decide proximity of furnaces, reactors, etc.

2. Hazardous and Toxic Areas

Equipment items considered a possible source of hazard should preferably be grouped and located separately, if possible and economic. Examples are: Furnaces, flare stacks, or other direct fired equipment containing an open flame; rotating or mechanical equipment handling flammable or volatile liquids which could easily leak or spill. Equipment handling acids or other toxic materials which could cause damage or danger by spillage, should be grouped and contained within a bunded area.

2.1 Locate Control Rooms

15 meters or more from equipment which in operation or during maintenance can create a hazard. (If not practicable, pressurize). Ensure maximum cable run to any instrument is not more than 90 meters.

2.2 Locate Buildings

Example offices, first-aid rooms, cafeterias, garages, fire station, warehouses, gas holders and work-shops a minimum of 30 meters from any hazard. Unpressurised substation and switchrooms a minimum of 15 meters from any hazard. Definition of dangerous areas and their safety requirements shall be in accordance with the Institute of Petroleum Safety Codes, or where this is not recognized, to the applicable National Code(s). Local bye-laws and Fire Office whose requirements may be more stringent or specific than the above codes shall take precedence.