Unit 4

Writing phrases

1.

2.

1. (phrase)


2.

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1. (phrase)

2.

4.1 (Phrases)
A phrase is a group of words that does not
contain a subject or a predicate and that functions as
a single part of speech in a sentence or a clause.

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(Noun

Phrase)

(Adjective Phrase)

(Adverb Phrase)
5
Prepositional phrase


Participial phrase

ing / -ed

Gerund phrase

ing

Infinitive phrase

to

Absolute phrase

4.2 (Phrases classified by their

functions)

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(Noun Phrase)

Early to bed is a good maxim. (prepositional

phrase)

)
We enjoy playing football. (gerund phrase)

( )

To win a prize is my ambition. (infinitive phrase)

)
He hopes to win the first prize. (infinitive phrase)

object)
Travelling in a hot dusty train gives me no
pleasure. (gerund phrase)

( )

(Adjective Phrase)

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1. (a)
(b)

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A tycoon is a wealthy man.

A tycoon is a man of great wealth.

(prepositional phrase)

2. (a)
(b)

The magistrate was a kind man.

The magistrate was a man with a kindly

nature. (prepositional phrase)

3. (a)
(b)

The chief lives in a stone house.

The chief lives in a house built of stone.

(participial phrase)

4. (a)
(b)

I like to see a smiling face.

I like to see a face with a smile on it.

(prepositional phrase)

Adjectives

Adjective phrases

A golden crown

A crown made of gold

A purple cloak

A cloak of purple color

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A white elephant

An elephant with a white

skin

A jungle track

A track through the jungle

A blue-eyed boy

A boy with blue eyes

A deserted village

A village without any

inhabitants

The longest day

The day of greatest length

The Thai flag

The flag of Thailand

A heavy load

A load of great weight

(Adverb Phrase)


adverb



1.

(a)

Somsak ran quickly.

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(b)

Somsak ran with great speed. (prepositional

phrase)

2.

(a)

He answered rudely.

(b)

He answered in a very rude manner.

(prepositional phrase)
()
3.

(a)

He does his work carelessly.

(b)

He does his work without any care.

(prepositional phrase)

4.

(a)

He is coming now.

(b)

He is coming at this very moment.

(prepositional phrase)

5.

(a)

No such diseases were known then.

(b)

No such diseases were known in those

days. (prepositional phrase)

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Adverbs
Swiftly

Adverb Phrases

In a swift manner

,
with swiftness

Recently

Just now

, in a recent

date

There

At that place

Away

To another place

Abroad

EXERCISE 4.1:

To a foreign country

(Adjective Phrases)

1. A man in great difficulties came to me for help.

2. He is a person of very considerable renown.
3. A man without an enemy is a man with few friends.
4. He tells a tale with a ring of truth in it.
5. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
6. Gardens with cool shady trees surrounded the
village.
7. He was a lad of great promise.

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8. The police arrested a man of one of the criminal

tribes.
9. The coffee made for me was served by a beautiful
girl in her earlier twenties.
10. The flood in Ang Thong is still dangerous.
Exercise 4.2:

Adjective

Phrases Adjectives

1. A grey cloud spread over the sky.

2. He dwelt in a wooden hut.

3. He had a bald head.

4. She wore a diamond necklace.

5. It was a horrible night.

6. The Thai flag flew at the top of the highest mast.

7. That was a cowardly act.

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8. Heroic deeds deserve our admiration.

EXERCISE 4.3:

Adverb Phrases

1. She lived in the middle of a great wood.

2. Nothing can live on the moon.
3. Three fishers went sailing over the sea.
4. Honesty is written on his face.
5. I stood on the bridge at midnight.
6. To the northward stretched the desert.
7. The shoe is pressing on my toes.
8. Make yourself at home.
9. It must be done at any price.
10. He lives by his pen.
EXERCISE 4.4:

Adverbs Adverb Phrases

Adverb
Phrases/Adverbs

1. The pigeons fly swiftly.

2. Did Sansuk behave well?

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3. The dying man replied feebly.

4. He arrived at that moment.

5. The wind blew with great violence.

6. He spoke eloquently.

7. He has proved his case to my satisfaction.

8. The bodies were mangled in a terrible manner.

EXERCISE 4.5: Noun Phrases

1
1. His father wished to speak to the headmaster.
2. He refused to answer the question.
3. Why do you like visiting such a man?
4. Your doing such a thing surprises me.
5. Have you ever tried climbing a coconut palm?
6. He denies stealing the money.

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7. The wicked vizier loved getting people into trouble.

8. Promise to come again.
9. Consulting a good dictionary helps improve your
English.
10. I do not know what to do.
4.3

Absolute phrase

participle absolute phrase

comma

Everything considered, the conference was very

successful. (Absolute participial
phrase)

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As for the others, I am not sure what their plans

are. (Absolute prepositional phrase)

To tell the truth, I would rather work with you.
(Absolute infinitive phrase)

Strictly speaking, the company has no legal or
financial responsibility in such situations. (Absolute
participial phrase)
( )

Exercise 4.6:

0.

Hes looking at me with suspicion.

1. 190

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2.
..
3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

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8.