45. 1. ( , .

55/05, 71/05 101/07),

I.

,
, , ,
, ,
.

o ,

.
-
() 2006.
(RRC06),
17. 2015. .
, COM (2005) 204,

2012. .
4. 2012.
.
,
, ,
.
1.1.
,
, ,
, , ,
.

, ,
, .
-
, ,
,
1

 . ,

.
1.2.
:
, . ,
, ,
.
, Set Top Box (STB) .

1.1.
, ,
,
.
.
, ,

.
(
) (
-). (
), ,
. , ,
, ,
.
,
.

1.1.

, ,
,

. , ,

, .
.
,
.

1.3.
, 1993.
DVB , 270
, .
DVB , ,
.
,
. DVB
.
(E) .
- 2007.
-.
DVB ( 1993. )
DVB-S
E 300 421. , ,
. ,
.
, DVB-C, 1994. .
DVB ,
, ,
.
DVB-T (E 300 744), a
COFDM.

. ,
, SFN,
, MFN. SFN ,
,
GPS . MFN
.
SFN MFN .
DVB-H
, DVB-.
,
.
DVB
,
. MPEG-2,
H.262
, -T. , MPEG-4,
3

 ,
.
, , MPEG-2. MPEG-4,
10 ( H.264/AVC). ,
H.264
MPEG-2, . 2003. .
, HDTV, MPEG-4
, , . , MPEG-4

,
.

, MPEG-2 MPEG-4 10 (H.264/AVC).

,
, , ,
, DVB . DVB
.
DVB-S DVB-S2 (E 302 307). DVB-H
, DVB-SH , :
, DVB-H COFDM
. DVB 1.2.
1993

1994

1995

1996

2002

1997

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

DVB-S2

DVB-S

DVB-IPTV
DVB-C

MHP
DVB-T

DVB-C2

/
DVB-H

DVB-SH
DVB-T2

1.2. DVB

2008. DVB-T2. DVB

, 30-50%
. DVB
MPEG-4 10.

DVB-T DVB-T2 .
DAB
. ,
, .
DAB-,
4

, DVB-T . DAB
. ,
,
, 2007. DAB+.
1.4.

DVB/DAB ,
.

1.3.
.

, .

 , 1.3.
MPEG-2, ,
, MPEG-4 10
( MPEG-4) HDTV.
MPEG-4 10 (H.264/AVC) :
MPEG-4 ,
, MPEG-2;

(HDTV) MPEG-4 .
;
MPEG-4 , ,
( SDTV HDTV);
MPEG-4 IPTV;
MPEG-4 DVB-H, DVB
, ;

( / /
3-5dB);
ASO (Analog Switch-Off), . ,
MPEG-4 (
2012. );
MPEG-4 ;
,
MPEG-4.

.
DVB-T2
:
DVB-T2 ,
, ;
DVB-T2 ( DVB-T)

8MHz/7MHz;
DVB-T2 ( DVB-T)
SFN ;
DVB-T2 ,
, IPTV;

 MPEG-4/DVB-T2
( 45Mbit/s 8MHz)
;
DVB-T,
DVB-T2 ;
.
, (
DVB-T2) , , ,
;
,
MPEG-2/DVB-T ,
, ;
,
.
, ,
;
DVB-T2
,
;
DVB-T2 HDTV ;
DVB-T2 ;
DVB-T2 ,
. ,
,
DVB-T.
.
DAB+
:
DAB+ DAB,
. DAB+
, ;
DAB+ , , ;
DAB+ DMB (
,
).
,
2017. ,
DAB+ . , ,

VHF .

II.

:

,
, .
,
, ,

.
2.1.
:
1) 2013.
( , 115/05),
, ,
, ,


. ,
T-DAB DVB-T
.

,
, ,
(content
provider, multiplex provider, transmission provider, broadcast provider).



,

.


;
2) 2006.
2010. ( , 99/06), ,
,
,
;
8

3) ( , . 44/03, 36/06)
, ,
,
,
, :
,
,
,
, , ,
,
, .

, :
-

,
;

,

;

-
;

, .

4) ( , . 42/02, 97/04, 76/05,

79/05, 62/06, 85/06, 86/06)
, ,
,
,
,
.
:
-

, ,
;
-
;
/
, ,
;

,
;

, ;

,
;

,
-

;
5) ( , . 43/03, 61/05)

, .
,
, , , ,
, ()
,
, , ,
.

, ,

, ,
.

2.2.

:
1)
1
3, 174-230 MHz 470-862 MHz (RRC-06) Final Acts of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference for planning of the
digital terrestrial broadcasting service in parts of Regions 1 and 3, in the frequency
bands 174-230 MHz and 470-862 MHz (RRC-06);
2) - European Convention on
Transfrontier Television (ETS no.132).
29. 2009. (
- , 42/09);
10

3) - European
Convention for the Protection of the Audiovisual Heritage (ETS no.183);


:
1) , ,

- Communication
from the Commission to the Council , the European Parliament, the European
Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on
accelerating the transition from analogue to digital broadcasting (COM(2005)
204);
2) - European Convention on
Transfrontier Television (ETS no.132);
3) - - Directive 2007/65/EC of
the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2007 amending
Council Directive 89/552/EEC on the coordination of certain provisions laid
down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the
pursuit of television broadcasting activities (Text with EEA relevance);
4) ,
, 26. 2000.
- Conclusions of the Council and of the Representatives of the Governments of the
Member States, Meeting within the Council of 26 June 2000 concerning the
Communication from the Commission on Principles and guidelines for the
Community's audiovisual policy in the digital age (2000/C 196/01);
5) 6. 2003.
Council Resolution of 6 May 2003 on accessibility of cultural infrastructure and
cultural activities for people with disabilities (2003/C 134/05);
6) 17. 1995.
- Council
Conclusions of 17 December 1999 on the protection of minors in the light of the
development of digital audiovisual services (2000/C 8/06);
7) 21. 2002. - Council Resolution of 21 January 2002 on the development
of the audiovisual sector (2002/C 32/04);
8) 20. 2006.

- on-line
- Recommendation 2006/952/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on the protection of minors
and human dignity and on the right of reply in relation to the competitiveness of
the European audiovisual and on-line information services industry;

11

9)
(1999) - Recommendation No. R
(99) 1 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Measures to Promote
Media Pluralism;
10)

(2003) - Recommendation Rec(2003)9 of the Committee of Ministers
to member states on measures to promote the democratic and social contribution
of digital broadcasting;
11)
(2007) Recommendation Rec(2007)3 on the remit of public service media in the
information society.

2.3.
:
(
);

(
);
;
;


,
;

(. )
.
;
;

.

;

.

, .


;

,

12



;
o

;


;
.

13

III. -

:

,
a - .
3.1.
2013. (
, 115/05),

, 40 160 .
, ,
50 390 .
3.1. ( , 12.06.2009.)

5+2
14
1
21
234
277

5+2
6
1
24
91
129

,
. ,
,
. , , .

3.2.

-
(RRC06) 2006. .
RRC06 GE06
.
, VHF
III UHF IV V, 3.2.
1961.
14

,
.
GE06-D 17. 2015.
( ASO-E, SO ).
,
,
. ,
, .
,
.
17. 2015.
.

,
, .
3.2. VHF/ UHF GE06

[MHz]

[MHz]

III (VHF)

174 - 230

5.

12.

DVB-T&T-DAB

IV i V (UHF)

470 - 862

49

21.

69.

IV

470-582

14

21.

34

582-862

35

35.

69.

DVB-T

GE06 :
1) MFN;
2) SFN;
3) .
:
1) ;
2) ( );
3) .
GE06,
() UHF VHF .

, 3.3.

15

 3.3. DVB-T ( )

VHF

1
1

( )

UHF

15
( , , ,
)

3.1. DVB-T VHF .

VHF DVB-T

10

10

8
7

3.1. DVB-T VHF ( )

15 UHF .
.
DVB-T UHF 3.4. 3.2.

16


GE06, .
3.4. DVB-T UHF ( )

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

-
-

-
-

22,28,33,45,57,62,64
43,50,51,53,59,68
35,39,43,49,54,59,62,63,69
25,31,37,39,42,56,60
23,24,41,43,52,59,63,66,68
27,33,38,42,45,55,57,60,64
29,32,51,55,59,63,69
22,24,28,32,34,41,51,61,66
21,31,44,46,48,58,67
23,36,39,50,56,59,63
26,29,35,40,46,67,69
34,39,40,43,58,62,64
29,40,43,55,58,59,69
22,25,28,31,37,44,50,58,65
32,34,37,42,47,49,52
24,30,41,48,54,61,66

29,40,43,55,58,59,69

34,39,40,43,58,62,64

-
24,30,41,48,54,61,66

29,32,51,55,59,63,69

UHF DVB-T

25,31,37,39,42,56,60

43,50,51,53,59,68

22,28,33,45,57,62,64

-
32,34,37,42,47,49,52

23,24,41,43,52,59,63,66,68

-
26,29,35,40,46,67,69
-
23,36,39,50,56,59,63

27,33,38,42,45,55,57,60,64

22,25,28,31,37,44,50,58,65

22,24,28,32,34,41,51,61,66

35,39,43,49,54,59,62,63,69

21,31,44,46,48,58,67

3.2. DVB-T UHF ( )

17

 VHF ( 11.
12. ) T-DAB, , 3.5 3.3
3.4.
3.5. T-DAB GE06

[MHz]

[MHz]

VHF

216-230

11.

12.

T-DAB

VHF T-DAB
11.

11 B

VHF T-DAB
12.

12 D

11 A
12 C

11 A

12 A

11 B

11 B

12 D

11 C

12 B

11 D
11 B

3.3.
T-DAB 11.
( )

12 D

3.4.
T-DAB 12.
( )

GE06 VHF/UHF
(T-DAB i DVB-T ). VHF (174-230MHz)
, UHF (470-862MHz)
(DVB-T).
, DVB-T2,
.

18

 UHF .
DVB-H ( , )
470-750 Hz. DVB-H(2) DVB-T2
.

3.3.

3.5.

, 3.5,
,
. 2012. .
4. 2012.
.

.
MFN SFN .

19

 :
- ;
- ;
- .
,
( ),
, .
, , .
. ,

. 2012. .
,
,
.
.

.
,
,
.
2009. .
, 3.3,
, 95%.
.
, , .
VHF
. (, ) UHF
.
,
90%
.

,
:
-
(
) .
- .
- , 3 bps MPEG-4 10,
.

. o DVB-T2
.
UHF
, 21. 60. . 61-69

20


4. 2012..
,
DAB+ 2017. . 2015.
( )
.
30MHz, .
3. 4.

.
.



.

, 4. 2012. . -
(WRC-07) 790-862 Hz
17. 2015. , ,
4. 2012.
2012. 2015. .


. ,
, ,
, .
, ,
, , , ,
.
, .

21

IV.

(, , , , )
.
:
, ,
,
,
.
4.1.

.
4.1.1.
,

.
, ,
, ,
,
, , .
,
,
,

.
.
, ,

.
,

50% , 20%
, .

.


,
, ,
, ,
,

22


,
.
4.1.2.

.
:
1) ( );
2) ( ) .


,
, .

.
, :
1) ;
2) ,
,
, ;
3) ;
4)
;
5) ;
6) ( ,
,
.);
7) , ;
8) .

.
,
, .

,
.
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) ;
6) ;

23

7) .
4.2.
-
,
.
,
, .
,
, :
1) , :
- ;
- ,
;
- , .
2) , :
- (, ,
, );
- ,
.
,
.
3)
,
, :
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- , ;
- ;
- .
.

.

.
:

24

1) ( ),
.

768X576 , 4:3.
, , 16:9
. 1920X1080,
HD ready 1366X768 .

.
;
2) (surround) ;
3) ;
4) () .

, ;
5) ;
6) .

25

V.

:

.

5.1.


,
.

, ,
, ,

.

,
,
.
, ,



.
,


:
-

,
,
,
;

,
( STB) ,

;

26

,
, ;

(, ,
.)

,
, , .


, - ,
.
5.2.


.
75 000 000
,
.
.
,
.
2010. 2011. ,
3-5 , 2015. .

,
:
STB ,

, 25 (~25x1 500 000=37 500 000 );
STB
, 25 (~25x1 600 000 =40 000 000
);
STB
(~ 50x300 000 =15 000 000 ).
2011. ( 12 000 000 )
2012. (3 000 000 ).

.
,
,

27

40 000 000 2012. (32 000 000

2011. 8 000 000 2012. ).

13 500 000 .
(
).
.

.

28

VI.
:
- , ,
,
.
6.1.

,
. ,

, , :
-
;
- ,

;
- ,

,
.
,
.
:
- ;
- ;
- ( )
.

6.2.


.

29

 , 78. (9),
.
, 84. (2) (5),
12
.

30

VII.

.
VIII.
.
05 :
,

-
, ..

31

ASO

Analogue Switch-Off

COFDM
DAB
DVB
DVB-C
DVB-H
DVB-S
DVB-S2

Coded OFDM
Digital Audio Broadcasting
Digital Video Broadcasting
DVB-Cable
DVB-Handheld
DVB-Satellite
DVB-Satellite, version 2

DVB-SH

DVB-Satellite services to Handhelds

DVB-T
DVB-T2

DVB-Terrestrial
DVB-Terrestrial, version 2

OFDM


DVB
DVB
DVB
DVB

DVB

DVB
DVB

DMB

Digital Multimedia Broadcasting

EN

European Norm

EPG
ETSI

Electronic Program Guide

European Telecommunications
Standards Institute
High Definition Television
International Telecommunication Union
Internet Television
International Telecommunication Union
- Telecommunication Sector

HDTV
ITU
IPTV
ITU-T

Mbps

Mega Bits per Second

MFN
MHP
MPEG
RRC06
SDTV
SFN
STB

Multi-Frequency Network
Multimedia Home Platform
Moving Picture Expert Group
Regional Radiocommunication
Conference 2006
Standard Definition Television
Single Frequency Network
Set Top Box

T-DAB
TV
UHF
VHF

Terrestrial- Digital Audio Broadcasting

Television
Ultra High Frequency
Very High Frequency

2006.

32

1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.

DVB

DVB-T VHF
DVB-T UHF
T-DAB 11.

T-DAB 12.

.
2
4
5
16
17
18
18
19

.
3.1.

14

3.2.

VHF/ UHF , GE06,

15

3.3.

DVB-T

16

3.4.

DVB-T UHF

17

3.5.

T-DAB GE06

18

33

 .
ASO (Analogue Switch-Off) ;
ASO-E ;
- /

, ,
;
COFDM (Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

( );
DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting)
3 GHz , ,
( ), ;
DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting) DAB ;

, :
, , ,
, ;
DVB-C (Digital Video BroadcastingCable) DVB
;
DVB-H (Digital Video BroadcastingHandheld) DVB

(handheld) ( , ,
, );
DVBS (Digital Video BroadcastingSatellite) DVB
;
DVBS2 DVB S ;
DVB-SH DVB ;
DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial) DVB
;
DVBT2 DVBT ;
EPG (Electronic Programme Guide) (
) (
);
(- )
;
GE06
, 2006, RRC06. ,
VHF III UHF
IV V;
GPS (Global Positioning System)
;
H.262 ITU- , MPEG-2
;

34

H.264 AVC (H.264 Advanced Video Coding) ITU-

, MPEG-4 v10 ;
HDTV (High Definition Television)
;

, ;
IPTV ;
ITU (International Telecommunication Union) ;
ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union The Telecommunication Standardization Sector)
ITU ;
MHP (Multimedia Home Platform) ,
;
MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group) ;
-
, , ,
;
(MUX) ,
, ;

/ ;
RRC06 (Regional Radiocommunication Conference 2006) ;
SDTV (Standard Definition Television)
, 4:3
625;
SFN (Single Frequency Network)
;
Simulcast -
;
STB ( Set Top Box)
;
UHF (Ultra High Frequency) 300MHz 3GHz;
VHF (Very High Frequency) 30MHz 300MHz.

35

1.

2.

3.

1 3,
174230 Hz 470-862 Hz
(RRC-06)











,

,

,


o

III

2009.

2010.

2010.

4.

5.

2010.

II

2010.

IV

2010.
III

2011.

II

2010.

II

2010.

o

o

III

2010.

IV

2010.

2011.
IV

2011.

II

2011.
I

2012.

o ,
/

36

6.

IV

2009.

2010.

2010.

7.

( )
MFN/SFN

8.
9.

-
4. 2012.

2010.
I

2010.
I

2012.

III

2010.
II

2010.
II

2012.

,
,
,

2011.

, ,
II

2011.

III

2010.
I

2012.
III

2012.

III

2011.

,
,

10.

11.

2011.

2011.

4.4.2012.

12.

4.4.2012.

4.4.2012.

4.4.2012.

,
,

37

IV

2009.

IV

2009.

2010.

2010.

2010.

II

2010.

13.

STB-

14.

STB-

15.

2010.
4.4.2012

II

2010.

STB-

III

2010.

38

III

2009.

16.

17.

2010.

2010.

18.

2010

2010.

19.

II

2010.

II

2010.

20.

Call

2011.

2011.

III

2009.

III

2009.
I

2010.
4.4.2012
.
I

2010.
4.4.2012.
II

2010.
4.4.2012
II

2011.
4.4.2012.

39