Code: DE06

Subject: BASIC ELECTRONICS

Q.66 Ans:

What are the applications of SCR ?

Marks (3)

Applications of SCR: (i) It is used as Half-Wave and Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier (ii) It is used as a Static Contactor (iii) Use of SCR for Speed Control of DC Shunt Motors (iv) SCRs are used in Static AC Circuit Breaker and Static DC circuit Breaker as a switch (v)SCRs are used in zero voltage switching (vi)Used in Over-Voltage Protection (vii)Used in Pulse Circuits (viii)Used in Battery Charging Regulator. Marks (5)

Q.67 Describe the basic structure of TRIAC. Draw and discuss its volt-ampere characteristics. Ans

Basic Structure of TRIAC: A triac shown in fig.67. basically consists of two SCRs connected in inverse parallel with gate common. In external appearance, the triac is similar to an SCR, but triac is bi-directional device. The internal layers and doping are arranged so that current can flow in either direction. The gate terminal G makes ohmic contacts with both the N and P materials. This permits trigger pulse of either polarity to start conduction. Since the triac is a bilateral device, the term anode and cathode has no meaning, and therefore, terminals are designated as Main Terminal 1 (MT1) and main terminal 2 (MT2) and gate G.
MAIN TERMINAL 2

MT2
MAIN TERMINAL 2

MT

N4 P
1

MT

N1
SCR 1

P N3

(P N
1

P N)
2 2 GATE

SCR 2

G
1 4

(P N P N )
(G)
2 1

N2

GATE

(G)

MAIN TERMINAL 1

MT

MAIN TERMINAL 1

MT 1

MT 1

(a) Basic Structure

(b) Electrical Equivalent Circuit Fig.67 TRIAC

(c) Schematic Symbol

V-I Characteristics of TRIAC: Typical V-I characteristics of a triac are shown in fig.67.4. The triac has on and off characteristics similar to SCR but the characteristic is applicable to both positive and negative voltages. Because triac consists of two SCRs connected in parallel but opposite in directions. Forward Characteristics: Terminal MT2 and gate are positive with respect to terminal MT1: When terminal st MT2 is positive with respect to terminal MT1. The two junctions P1-N1(1 diode) and P2rd nd N2(3 diode) are forward, whereas junction N1-P2(2 diode) is reverse biased. So there is a blockage of current flow across the triac. This state is called Blocking State. When a small positive gate voltage (G1) is applied to the P2 -terminal of second diode, the gate

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