S. No.

1 half of track gage a

2 half of wheelbase b
3 secondary yaw viscous damping

C0

4 primary longitudinal damping

CPX

5 primary lateral damping

CPY

6 effective lateral rail viscous damping

CRAIL

7 secondary lateral damping

CSY

8 secondary yaw damping

CS+

9 half of lateral spacing between primary longitudinal
springs

dp

10 nominal creep coefficients (ij = 11, 12, 22, 33)

fij

11 lateral creep coefficient

f11

12 lateral / spin creep coefficient

f12

13 spin creep coefficient

f22

14 longitudinal creep coefficient

f33

15 creep force in longitudinal, lateral contact patch
direction

FCPX , FCPY

16 unlimited creep force in longitudinal, lateral contact
patch

C
PX F ,
CF PY

17 longitudinal track component of creep force at ith
contact patch; i = L
(left), R (right) for single-point contact; i = LT (left
tread), LF (left
flange), RT (right tread), RF (right flange) for two-point
contact

FCXi

18 lateral track component of creep force at ith contact
patch; i = L (left), R
(right) for single-point contact; i = LT (left tread), LF
(left flange), RT
FCYi

(right tread), RF (right flange) for two-point contact

19 normal force

FN

20 nominal normal force

*N
F

21 normal force at ith contact patch; i = L (left), R (right)
for single-point
contact; i = LT (left tread), LF (left flange), RT (right
tread), RF (right
flange) for two-point contact

FNi

22 lateral track component of normal force at ith contact
patch; i = L (left), R
(right) for single-point contact; i = LT (left tread), LF
(left flange), RT
(right tread), RF (right flange) for two-point contact

FNYi

23 vertical track component of normal force at ith contact
patch; i = L (left), R
(right) for single-point contact; i = LT (left tread), LF
(left flange), RT
(right tread), RF (right flange) for two-point contact

FNZi

24 lateral rail reaction force at left, right rail

FRAIL,L , FRAIL,R

25 unlimited resultant creep force

R
F

26 lateral suspension force

FSUSPY

27 vertical suspension force

FSUSPZ

28 acceleration due to gravity

g

29 vertical distance from secondary lateral suspension to
carbody center of mass

hcs

30 yaw principal mass moment of inertia of bolster

IBZ

31 roll principal mass moment of inertia of carbody

ICX

32 yaw principal mass moment of inertia of carbody

ICZ

33 yaw principal mass moment of inertia of truck frame

IFZ

pitch principal mass moment of inertia of wheelset

IWY

34 yaw principal mass moment of inertia of wheelset

IWZ

primary longitudinal suspension stiffness

KPX

primary lateral suspension stiffness

KPY

effective lateral rail stiffness

KRAIL

secondary lateral suspension stiffness

KSY

secondary vertical suspension stiffness

KSZ

secondary yaw suspension stiffness

KS+

half of truck center pin spacing

ls

effective lateral rail mass

mRAIL

creep moment normal to contact patch

MCP

longitudinal track component of creep force at ith
contact patch; i = L
(left), R (right) for single-point contact; i = LT (left
tread), LF (left
flange), RT (right tread), RF (right flange) for two-point
contact

MCXi

lateral track component of creep force at ith contact
patch; i = L (left), R
(right) for single-point contact; i = LT (left tread), LF
(left flange), RT
(right tread), RF (right flange) for two-point contact

MCYi

vertical track component of creep force at ith contact
patch; i = L (left), R
(right) for single-point contact; i = LT (left tread), LF
(left flange), RT
(right tread), RF (right flange) for two-point contact

MCZi

roll suspension moment

MSUSPX

yaw suspension moment

MSUSPZ

rolling radius measured from wheelset spin axis to ith Ri
contact patch; i = L
(left), R (right) for single-point contact; i = LT (left
tread), LF (left
flange), RT (right tread), RF (right flange) for two-point
contact


rolling radius for centered wheelset (nominal rolling
radius)

R0

secondary yaw suspension breakaway torque

T0

coulomb friction yaw moment

TCOUL

vehicle forward speed

V
critical forward speed of the vehicle

VC
bolster mass

mB
mC carbody mass

mC
truck frame mass

mF
total vehicle mass

mV
wheelset mass

mW
longitudinal coordinate

x
lateral coordinate

y
flange clearance

yFC
lateral displacement of left, right rail

yRAIL,L , yRAIL,R
vertical coordinate

z
normalized unlimited resultant creep force

|
contact angle at ith contact patch; i = L (left), R (right)
for single-point
contact; i = LT (left tread), LF (left flange), RT (right
tread), RF (right
flange) for two-point contact

oi
creep force saturation constant
c

wheelset spin speed

u_ w

wheel conicity



coefficient of friction between wheel and track



resultant creepage

R

spin creepage in normal contact patch direction at ith
contact patch

SPi

longitudinal creepage at ith contact patch


Xi

lateral creepage at ith contact patch

Yi

wheelset roll angle with respect to track plane

|w

yaw angle