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BSC handovers

Umbrella handoverThe umbrella handover procedure enables network-directed traffic controlbetween umbrella cells (macrocells) and microcells. The parameter enableumbrella handover (EUM) indicates whether the umbrella handover procedureis enabled. The umbrella handover is enabled when the value is 'yes'.

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Figure Umbrella handover shows the process leading to thehandover.

Figure: Umbrella handover

Target cell evaluationIf the umbrella handover is enabled, the BSC evaluates the radio linkproperties of the adjacent cells to find a target cell for the handover atevery handover period umbrella (HPU) interval.

The measurement results of the adjacent cell must satisfy the followingequation (1') before the umbrella handover is possible:

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EQUATION 1'.

AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > HoLevelUmbrella(n)The parameter handover period umbrella(n) isthe level which the signal level AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) of the adjacent cell (n)must exceed before the umbrella handover to the adjacent cell (n) is possible.

Apart from the radio link properties (equation 1'), the umbrella HOtakes into account also the power class of the MS so that only those adjacentcells which fit the MS are selected to be the target cells, that is, the BSCselects macrocells for vehicle and portable MSs and microcells for handhelds.The BSC uses two thresholds to realise this property:

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MACROCELL_THRESHOLD (parameters GSM macrocellthreshold and DCS macrocell threshold, setfor the

MICROCELL_THRESHOLD (parameters GSM microcellthreshold and DCS microcell threshold, setfor the BSC).

The parameter GSM macrocell threshold (GMAC) indicatesthe size of a GSM 900 or GSM 800 macrocell by the maximum transmission powerof the MS. The parameter GSM microcell threshold (GMIC) indicatesthe size of a GSM 900 or GSM 800 microcell by the maximum transmission powerof the MS.

The parameter DCS macrocell threshold indicatesthe size of a GSM 1800 or GSM 1900 macrocell by the maximum transmission powerof the MS. The parameter DCS microcell threshold indicatesthe size of a GSM 1800 or GSM 1900 microcell by the maximum transmission powerof the MS.

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The maximum RF power (SEG-specific parameter MStxpwr max gsm(n) (PMAX1) or parameter MS txpwrmax gsm1x00(n) (PMAX2), depending on the frequency band) an MS is permittedto use on a traffic channel in the adjacent cell (n) determines the size ofthe adjacent cell (n) with the thresholds MACROCELL_THRESHOLD and MICROCELL_THRESHOLDas follows:

If the parameter value is greater than or equal to MACROCELL_THRESHOLD,the adjacent cell is considered a macrocell.

If the parameter value is smaller than or equal to MICROCELL_THRESHOLD,the adjacent cell is considered a microcell.

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If the parameter value is smaller than MACROCELL_THRESHOLD andgreater than MICROCELL_THRESHOLD, the adjacent cell is considered a middlesize cell.

When selecting the target cells, the BSC takes into account the followingconditions in addition to the radio link properties (equation 1'):

If the maximum power capability of the MS is greater than orequal to MACROCELL_THRESHOLD, the adjacent cell must be considered a macrocellfor the HO to be allowed.

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If the maximum power capability of the MS is smaller than orequal to MICROCELL_THRESHOLD, the adjacent cell must be considered a microcellfor the HO to be allowed.

If the maximum power capability of the MS is smaller than MACROCELL_THRESHOLDand greater than MICROCELL_THRESHOLD, the adjacent cell must be consideredmiddle size cell for the HO to be allowed.

If the MACROCELL_THRESHOLD is selected so that it equals the lowestMS power level or the MICROCELL_THRESHOLD is selected so that it equals thehighest MS power level, it is possible to pass this property and evaluatethe target cells only according to radio link properties.

When the BSC has selected the target cells for the umbrella handover,the cells are ranked according to the priority levels.

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Combined umbrella and power budget handoverThe target cell evaluation for the power budget handover is differentfrom the standard procedure (described in section Power budget handover) ifthe umbrella handover and the power budget handover are active simultaneouslyin the same cell (parameters enable umbrella handover(EUM) and enable power budget handover (EPB)). Inthis case the power budget handover also takes into account the size/layerof the adjacent cell in addition to the radio link properties (equations 1and 2). For more information, see Targetcell evaluation according to radio criteria.

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NoteThe umbrella handover has priority over the power budget handover.

NoteThe parameter adjacent cell layer is relatedto the traffic control based on the MS speed which is an application softwarein the BSC. If this option is not enabled, the use of the parameter adjacent cell layer is disabled as a default value.Note that it is possible to define the umbrella handover either by using microcellor macrocell thresholds, or the parameter adjacentcell layer. The latter can only be seen when Fast Moving MS is activated.For more information, seeHandoverbecause of fast/slow-moving MS.

The size/layer of the adjacent cell must be equal to the size/layerof the serving cell for the handover to be allowed, that is, the BSC performspower budget handovers only between cells of the same size/layer (the powerclass of the MS does not affect the evaluation procedure) when the umbrellahandover is employed. For example, if the serving cell is considered a microcell,the adjacent cell must also be considered a microcell for the power budgethandover to be allowed.

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The BSC is able to determine the size/layer of a cell by two alternativemethods. The method is selected with the parameter adjacentcell layer (ACL). The BSC determines the size/layer of a cell as follows:

If the use of the parameter adjacent celllayer is disabled, that is, the layer of the adjacent cell has notbeen defined:

The maximum RF power an MS is permitted to use on a traffic channelin the cell determines the size of the serving/adjacent cell as describedbefore.

If the cell layer has been defined for the adjacent cell by theparameter adjacent cell layer:

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The parameter adjacent cell layer determinesthe layer of the adjacent cell from the point of view of the serving cell.The layer of an adjacent cell can be either:

the same as the layer of the serving cell

upper than the layer of the serving cell

lower than the layer of the serving cell

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The adjacent cells which meet both of the required radio link propertiesand the required cell size/layer are ranked

according to the priority levelsas usual.

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