Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BG Cau Kien Dien Tu
BG Cau Kien Dien Tu
BG Cau Kien Dien Tu
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
Ni dung mn hc
Chng 1- Gii thiu chung Chng 2- Cu kin th ng Chng 3- Vt l bn dn Chng 4- Diode (it) Chng 5- BJT (Transistor lng cc) Chng 6- FET (Transistor hiu ng trng) Chng 7- Thyristors: SCR Triac Diac - UJT Chng 8- Cu kin quang in t
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 2
BI GING MN
Ti liu hc tp
Ti liu chnh:
Slide bi ging Bi ging Cu kin in t v quang in t, Mnh H, Hc vin CNBCVT, 2009-2010
BI GING MN
Yu cu mn hc
Sinh vin phi c trc cc slide bi ging trc khi ln lp Tch cc tr li v t cu hi trn lp hoc qua email ca GV Lm bi tp thng xuyn, np v bi tp bt c khi no Ging vin yu cu T thc hnh theo yu cu vi cc phn mm EDA im mn hc: Kim tra : - Cu hi ngn Chuyn cn : 10 % - Bi tp Kim tra gia k: 10 % Thi kt thc: - L thuyt: + Trc nghim Th nghim : 10 % + Cu hi ngn Thi kt thc : 70 % - Bi tp
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 4
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 5
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
Vi mch v ng dng
Processors CPU, DSP, Controllers Memory chips RAM, ROM, EEPROM Analog Thng tin di ng, x l audio/video Programmable PLA, FPGA Embedded systems Thit b t, nh my Network cards System-on-chip (SoC)
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
Chips Sand
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
First point contact transistor (germanium) 1947, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain Bell Laboratories
1883 Thomas Alva Edison (Edison Effect) 1904 John Ambrose Fleming (Fleming Diode) 1906 Lee de Forest (Triode) Vacuum tube devices continued to evolve 1940 Russel Ohl (PN junction) 1947 Bardeen and Brattain (Transistor) 1952 Geoffrey W. A. Dummer (IC concept) 1954 First commercial silicon transistor 1955 First field effect transistor - FET
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 10
BI GING MN
First integrated circuit (germanium), 1958 Jack S. Kilby, Texas Instruments Contained five components, three types: Transistors, resistors and capacitors
1958 Jack Kilby (Integrated circuit) 1959 Planar technology invented 1960 First MOSFET fabricated At Bell Labs by Kahng 1961 First commercial ICs Fairchild and Texas Instruments 1962 TTL invented 1963 First PMOS IC produced by RCA 1963 CMOS invented Frank Wanlass at Fairchild Semiconductor U. S. patent # 3,356,858
Trang 11
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 12
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 13
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 14
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 16
BI GING MN
Linh kin th ng: R,L,C Linh kin tch cc: DIOT, BJT, JFET, MOSFET Vi mch tch hp IC: IC tng t, IC s, Vi x l Linh kin chnh lu c iu khin Linh kin quang in t: Linh kin thu quang, pht quang
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 17
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 18
BI GING MN
C s vt l ca vt liu in t
L thuyt vt l cht rn L thuyt vt l c hc lng t L thuyt di nng lng ca cht rn L thuyt vt l bn dn
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 19
BI GING MN
L thuyt vt l cht rn
Vt liu ch to phn ln cc linh kin in t l loi vt liu tinh th rn Cu trc n tinh th: trong tinh th rn nguyn t c sp xp theo mt trt t nht nh, ch cn bit v tr v mt vi c tnh ca mt s t nguyn t ta c th on v tr v bn cht ha hc ca tt c cc nguyn t trong mu mt s vt liu ngi ta nhn thy rng cc sp xp chnh xc ca cc nguyn t ch tn ti chnh xc ti c vi nghn nguyn t. Nhng min c trt t nh vy c ngn cch bi b bin v dc theo b bin ny khng c trt t - cu trc a tinh th Tnh cht tun hon ca tinh th c nh hng quyt nh n cc tnh cht in ca vt liu
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 20
BI GING MN
L thuyt vt l c hc lng t
Trong cu trc nguyn t, in t ch c th nm trn cc mc nng lng gin on nht nh no - cc mc nng lng nguyn t Nguyn l Pauli: mi in t phi nm trn mt mc nng lng khc nhau Mt mc nng lng c c trng bi mt b 4 s lng t: n s lng t chnh: 1, 2, 3, 4. l s lng t qu o: 0, 1, 2, (n-1) {s, p, d, f, g, h} ml s lng t t: 0, 1, 2, 3, l ms s lng t spin: 1/2 n, l tng th mc nng lng ca nguyn t tng, e- c sp xp lp, phn lp c nng lng nh trc
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 21
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
(Si)
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 23
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
c- Cht dn in
dn in ca ca vt cht cng tng theo nhit Cht bn dn: s mt 1 in t trong vng ha tr s hnh thnh mt l trng Cu trc vng nng lng ca kim loi khng c vng cm, di tc dng ca in trng ngoi cc e- t do c th nhn nng lng v di chuyn ln cc trng thi cao hn, s di chuyn ny to nn dng in
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 25
BI GING MN
Cc loi vt liu in t
Cht cch in (cht in mi) Cht dn in Vt liu t Cht bn dn (Chng 3)
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 26
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
Cd C0
(khng th nguyn)
Cd : in dung ca t in s dng cht in mi C0 : in dung ca t in s dng cht in mi l chn khng hoc khng kh biu th kh nng phn cc ca cht in mi. Cht in mi dng lm t in cn c hng s in mi () ln, cn cht in mi dng lm cht dn in c nh
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 28
BI GING MN
Pa = U22C2R
Thc t, cc t in lm vic tn s cao cn phi c cc bn cc, dy dn v tip gip c trng bc gim in tr ca chng
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 29
BI GING MN
E .t
U .t = d
U.t - in p nh thng cht in mi d - dy ca cht in mi Hin tng nh thng cht in mi c th do nhit, do in v do qu trnh in ha
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 30
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
=R
b.2 H s nhit ca in tr sut () biu th s thay i ca in tr sut khi nhit thay i 100C. Khi nhit tng th in tr sut cng tng ln theo quy lut:
t = 0 (1 + t)
b.3 H s dn nhit : [w/ (m.K)] l lng nhit truyn qua mt n v din tch trong mt n v thi gian khi gradien nhit bng n v
Q=
www.ptit.edu.vn
T St l
Trang 34
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 35
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 36
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 37
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
4. Cc phn mm EDA h tr mn hc
OrCAD: Phn tch, m phng cu kin v mch in t dng Pspice. Ci t cc tool sau: + OrCAD Capture CIS + OrCAD Capture CIS Option + PSpice A/D + PSpice Optimizer + PSpice Advanced Analysis + SPECCTRA 6U for OrCAD (Hng dn s dng Pspice: Tutorial on Pspice (McGill), Pspice Tutorial (UIUC), CircuitMaker User Manual ) Multisim (R 7)-Electronic Workbench, Circuit Maker, Proteus TINA 7 (Sinh vin nn s dng Tina/ Circuit Maker/ OrCAD (R 9.2) thc hnh phn tch, m phng cu kin v mch in t nh)
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 39
BI GING MN
Chng 2- Cu kin th ng
1. in tr (Resistor) 2. T in (Capacitor) 3. Cun cm (Inductor) 4. Bin p (Transformer )
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 1
BI GING MN
1. in tr (Resistors)
1.1. nh ngha 1.2. Cc tham s k thut c trng ca in tr 1.3. K hiu ca in tr 1.4 Cch ghi v c tham s trn thn in tr 1.5. in tr cao tn v mch tng ng 1.6. Phn loi
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 2
BI GING MN
1.1 nh ngha
in tr - phn t c chc nng ngn cn dng in trong mch Mc ngn cn dng in c c trng bi tr s in tr U R= I n v o: , m, , k, M, G, T ng dng: nh thin cho cc cu kin bn dn, iu khin h s khuych i, c nh hng s thi gian, phi hp tr khng, phn p, to nhit Kt cu n gin ca mt in tr thng:
M chp v chn in tr
V bc
www.ptit.edu.vn
Li
Vt liu cn in
Trang 3
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 4
BI GING MN
l R = ( ) S
Dung sai hay sai s (Resistor Tolerance): biu th mc chnh lch ca tr s thc t ca in tr so vi tr s danh nh v c tnh theo % R t . t R d .d 100% R d .d 5 cp chnh xc ca in tr (tolerance levels):
Cp 005: sai s 0,5 % Cp 01: sai s 1 %
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
R =
R TCR.T 6 10
BI GING MN
[W ]
Pt.t.max tiu chun cho cc in tr dy qun nm trong khong t 1W n 10W hoc cao hn nhiu. ta nhit cn yu cu din tch b mt ca in tr phi ln cc in tr cng sut cao u c kch thc ln Cc in tr than l cc linh kin c cng sut tiu tn danh nh thp, khong 0,125W; 0,25W; 0,5W; 1W v 2W
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 7
BI GING MN
Trang 8
BI GING MN
ERMS = U DC .10
NI / 20
f2 log f 1
U noise NI = 20 log10 U DC
Trong : + NI: Noise Index (H s nhiu) + UDC: in p khng i t trn 2 u in tr + Unoise: in p tp m dng in + f1 > f2: khong tn s lm vic ca in tr Mc tp m ph thuc ch yu vo loi vt liu cn in. Bt than nn c mc tp m cao nht. Mng kim loi v dy qun c mc tp m rt thp.
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 9
BI GING MN
Bin tr
Sn nhm
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 10
BI GING MN
CU KIN IN T & QUANG IN T 1.4 Cch ghi v c tham s trn thn in tr (1)
Ghi trc tip: ghi y cc tham s chnh v n v o trn thn ca in tr, vd: 220K 10%, 2W Ghi theo quy c: c rt nhiu cc quy c khc nhau. Xt mt s quy c thng dng:
Quy c n gin: Khng ghi n v m, R (hoc E) = , M = M, K = K V d: 2M=2M, 0K47 =0,47K = 470, 100K = 100 K, 220E = 220, R47 = 0,47 Quy c theo m: M ny gm cc ch s v mt ch ci ch % dung sai. Trong cc ch s th ch s cui cng ch s s 0 cn thm vo. Cc ch ci ch % dung sai qui c gm: F = 1 %, G = 2 %, J = 5 %, K = 10 %, M = 20 % Vd: 103F = 10000 1% = 10K 1% 153G = 4703J =
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 11
BI GING MN
(Nu-cam-vng--Bch kim) =
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
Tn s lm vic hiu dng ca in tr c xc nh sao cho s sai khc gia tr khng tng ng ca n so vi gi tr in tr danh nh khng vt qu dung sai c tnh tn s ca in tr ph thuc vo cu trc, vt liu ch to... Kch thc in tr cng nh th c tnh tn s cng tt, in tr cao tn thng c t l kch thc l t 4:1 n 10:1
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 13
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
b. loi chit p
Trang 15
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
in tr Varixto:
VDR
in tr Mgm: c tr s in tr t 108 1015 in tr cao p: in tr chu c in p cao 5 KV 20 KV in tr chun: cc in tr dng vt liu dy qun c bit c n nh cao Mng in tr: l mt loi vi mch tch hp c 2 hng chn. Mt phng php ch to l dng cng ngh mng mng, trong dung dch cht dn in c lng ng trong mt hnh dng theo yu cu.
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 16
BI GING MN
2. T in (Capacitors)
2.1. nh ngha 2.2. Cc tham s k thut c trng ca t in 2.3. K hiu ca t in 2.4 Cch ghi v c tham s trn t in 2.5. S tng ng 2.6. Phn loi
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 17
BI GING MN
0 =
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 18
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 19
BI GING MN
C t . t C d .d .100% C d .d
b. in p lm vic: in p cc i c th cung cp cho t in hay cn gi l "in p lm vic mt chiu, nu qu in p ny lp cch in s b nh thng v lm hng t
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 20
BI GING MN
[ppm/ 0 C]
Trang 21
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 23
BI GING MN
T thng
T in gii
T c in dung thay i
T in ln thng c tham s in dung ghi trc tip, t in nh thng dng m: XYZ = XY * 10Z pF
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 24
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
1 2 3 4 5
T hnh ko
1 3 2 4 +
T Tantan
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 26
BI GING MN
c. s tng ng ni tip
L - l in cm ca u ni, dy dn ( tn s thp L 0) RS - l in tr ca u ni, dy dn v bn cc (RS thng rt nh) RP - l in tr r ca cht cch in v v bc. RL, RS - l in tr r ca cht cch in C - l t in l tng
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 27
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 33
BI GING MN
T Mica
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 34
BI GING MN
T gm dn b mt T Tantan T ha
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 35
BI GING MN
3. Cun cm (Inductor)
3.1. nh ngha 3.2 K hiu ca cun cm 3.3 Cc tham s k thut c trng ca cun cm 3.4 Cch ghi v c tham s trn cun cm 3.5 Mch tng ng 3.6 Phn loi
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 36
BI GING MN
3.1 nh ngha
Cun cm l phn t sinh ra hin tng t cm khi dng in chy qua n bin thin. Khi dng in qua cun cm bin thin s to ra t thng thay i v mt sc in ng c cm ng ngay trong cun cm hoc c th cm ng mt sc in ng sang cun cm k cn vi n
Mc cm ng trong mi trng hp ph thuc vo t cm ca cun cm hoc s h cm gia hai cun cm. Cc cun cm c cu trc c gi tr cm ng xc nh. Cun cm cng c th u ni tip hoc song song. Ngay c mt on dy dn ngn nht cng c s cm ng.
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 37
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 38
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 39
BI GING MN
S L = .N . l
2
S - tit din ca cun dy (m2) N - s vng dy l - chiu di ca cun dy (m) - t thm tuyt i ca vt liu li (H/ m); = r. 0 n v o: ...H, mH, H t thm tuyt i ca mt s loi vt liu: Chn khng: 4 x 10-7 H/m Ferrite T38 1.26x10-2 H/m Khng kh: 1.257x10-6 H/m Ferrite U M33 9.42x10-4 H/m Nickel 7.54x10-4 H/m Iron 6.28x10-3 H/m Silicon GO steel 5.03x10-2 H/m supermalloy 1.26 H/m
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 40
BI GING MN
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
f lv max < f gh = f 0 =
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
1 2 LC
Trang 42
BI GING MN
Vng mu 1: ch s c ngha th nht hoc chm thp phn Vng mu 2: ch s c ngha th hai hoc chm thp phn Vng mu 3: ch s 0 cn thm vo, n v o l H Vng mu 4: ch dung sai %.
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 43
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
4. Bin p (Transformer)
4.1. nh ngha 4.2. Cc tham s k thut ca bin p 4.3. K hiu ca bin p 4.6. Phn loi v ng dng
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 46
BI GING MN
4.1. nh ngha
Bin p l thit b gm 2 hay nhiu cun dy ghp h cm vi nhau bin i in p. Cun dy u vo ngun in gi l cun s cp, cc cun dy khc u vo ti gi l cun th cp
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 47
BI GING MN
L1 = .N12
S 2 S L 2 = .N 2 l l
Khi dng in I1 bin thin to ra t thng bin thin, t thng ny lin kt sang cun th cp v to ra in p cm ng eL trn cun th cp theo h s t l - h s h cm M. Lng t thng lin kt gia cun s cp sang cun th cp c nh gi bng h s ghp bin p K
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 48
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 49
BI GING MN
a. H s ghp bin p K
K = M L1 L 2
M - h s h cm ca bin p L1 v L2 - h s t cm ca cun s cp v cun th cp tng ng Khi K = 1 l trng hp ghp l tng, khi ton b s t thng sinh ra do cun s cp c i qua cun th cp v ngc li Thc t, khi K 1 gi l hai cun ghp cht K<<1 gi l hai cun ghp lng
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 50
BI GING MN
b. in p cun s cp v cun th cp
U2 N N =K 2 2 U1 N1 N1
N1
:H s bin p
www.ptit.edu.vn
BI GING MN
Hiu sut ca bin p l t s gia cng sut ra v cng sut vo tnh theo %:
P1 - cng sut a vo cun s cp P2 - cng sut thu c cun th cp Ptn tht - CS in mt mt do tn tht ca li & ca dy cun
gim tn hao nng lng trong li st t, dy ng v t thng r ngi ta dng loi li lm t cc l st t mng, c qut sn cch in, dng dy ng c tit din ln & ghp cht
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 52
BI GING MN
a. Bin p m tn
d. Bin p li Ferit
e. Bin p trung tn
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 53
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
BI GING MN
Chng 3- Cht bn dn
(Semiconductor)
nh ngha cht bn dn Cu trc mng tinh th cht bn dn Cht bn dn thun Cht bn dn khng thun Dng in trong cht bn dn dn in ca cht bn dn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 1
BI GING MN
1. nh ngha
Cht bn dn l vt cht c in tr sut nm gia tr s in tr sut ca cht dn in v cht in mi khi nhit phng, = 10-4 107 .m Cht bn dn l cht m trong cu trc di nng lng c rng vng cm l 0<EG<2eV. Cht bn dn trong t nhin: Bo (B), Indi (In), Gali (Ga) nhm 3, Silic (Si), Gecmani (Ge) thuc nhm 4, Asen (As), P, Sb (Antimony) thuc nhm 5, Selen (Se), lu hunh (S) nhm 6,... hoc hp cht nh clorua ng (CuCl), Asenic Canxi CaAs, Oxit ng CuO, ... Trong k thut in t hin nay s dng mt s cht bn dn c cu trc n tinh th. Quan trng nht l hai nguyn t Gecmani v Silic. c im ca cu trc mng tinh th ny l dn in ca n rt nh khi nhit thp v s tng theo ly tha vi s tng ca nhit v tng gp bi khi c trn thm t tp cht. Do c im c bn ca cht bn dn l dn in ph thuc nhiu vo nhit mi trng v nng tp cht, ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo nh sng, bc x ion ha, ...
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 2
BI GING MN
5.43 A
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 3
BI GING MN
Ga
As
Cht bn dn ghp: Hp cht ca cc nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm III v phn nhm chnh nhm V: GaAs, GaP, GaN, Chng c ng dng quan trng trong cc cu kin quang in v IC tc cao
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 4
BI GING MN
Si
+4
Si
EG < 2 eV
+4
Si
+4
Si
+4
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 5
BI GING MN
S to thnh l trng v in t t do
nhit phng mt s lin kt cng Si ha tr b ph v to ra in t t do v +4 l trng L trng cng c kh nng dn in Si nh in t t do +4 Bn dn thun c nng ht dn l L trng v nng ht dn in t bng trng Si nhau: p = n = pi = ni +4 dn in ca cht bn dn :
n - linh ng ca in t t do p - linh ng ca l trng q in tch ca in t q=1,6.10-19C
Si +4 Si +4
Si
+4
Si
+4
Si
+4
Si
in t t do
+4
= (n. n + p. p ).q
J = (n. n + p. p ).q.E = .E
Trang 6
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
Cc thut ng
Nng in t t do trong cht bn dn (Electron Concentration): n [cm-3] - s lng in t t do trong mt n v th tch cht bn dn (ni, nn, np) Nng l trng trong cht bn dn (Hole Concentration):p [cm-3] - s lng l trng trong mt n v th tch cht bn dn (pi, pn, pp) linh ng ca in t t do (Electron Mobility): n[cm2/(V.s)] Tham s xc nh mc phn tn ca in t trong cht bn dn, t l thun vi vn tc khuych tn ca in t v cng trng in t, cng nh t l gia nng in t v dn in ca cht bn dn linh ng ca l trng (Hole Mobility) : p[cm2/(V.s)] - Tham s xc nh mc phn tn ca l trng trong cht bn dn, t l thun vi vn tc khuych tn ca l trng v cng trng in t, cng nh t l gia nng l trng v dn in ca cht bn dn dn in (Electrical conductivity): [.m]-1 - tham s o kh nng dn dng in thng qua mt n v vt liu, = 1/
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 7
BI GING MN
Qu trnh to ht ti in v qu trnh ti hp
Qu trnh to ra ht ti in trong cht bn dn thun: do nng lng nhit thermal generation do nng lng quang hc optical generation Qu trnh ti hp gia in t t do v l trng v gii phng nng lng 2 theo cch: To ra nhit lng lm nng cht bn dn: thermal recombinationTi hp to nhit Pht x ra photon nh sng : optical recombination- Ti hp pht quang Optical recombination rt him xy ra trong trong cht bn dn thun Si, Ge m ch yu xy ra trong cc loi vt liu bn dn ghp Qu trnh to v ti hp lin tc xy ra trong cht bn dn, v t trng thi cn bng khi tc ca 2 qu trnh bng nhau
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 8
BI GING MN
G = Gthermal (T ) + Goptical
R np
G=R
np = f (T )
- Nu trong trng hp khng c cc ngun quang v ngun in trng ngoi, trng thi n nh c gi l trng thi cn bng nhit thermal equilibrium
np = n (T )
2 i
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 9
BI GING MN
Hm phn b Fermi-Dirac
Xt mt h gm nhiu ht ging ht nhau c th nm trn nhiu mc nng lng khc nhau hm phn b, bi v xt cc tnh cht khc nhau ca h trc ht ta cn phi bit cc ht ny phn b theo cc mc nng lng trn nh th no? Xt h gm N in t t do nm trng thi cn bng nhit ti nhit T. Phn b cc in t tun theo nguyn l loi tr Pauli. Tm phn b ca cc in t theo cc mc nng lng? p dng nguyn l nng lng ti thiu: xc sut mt h gm N ht ging ht nhau nm trong trng thi nng lng E t l nghch vi E theo hm m exp, c th l: PN(E) ~ exp(-E/kT)
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 10
BI GING MN
K: Hng s Boltzmann (eV/ 0K) K= 8,6210-5 eV/0K T - Nhit o bng 0K EF - Mc Fermi (eV)
0,5
T=3000K
T=25000K
0 -1 0 0,2 1 (E-EF)
BI GING MN
T = 00K E > EF => f(E) = 0 E < EF => f(E) = 1 T > 00K (T=3000K; KT=26.10-3eV) E - EF >> KT f ( E ) e
( EF E ) KT KT
EC EF EV 0
F
T= 00K
EG
E - EF << - KT f ( E ) 1 e
( E EF )
1 f ( EF ) = 2
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 13
BI GING MN
E Si + 4 + 5 + 4 Si e5 Si + 4 + 4 + 4 EC ED EV Vng dn
0,01e V
Sb
Si
Si
Mc cho EG Vng ho tr
Trang 14
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
ni2 ni2 = pn = nn N d
Nd Nng ion nguyn t tp cht cho (Donor)
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 15
BI GING MN
b. Cht bn dn loi P
Thm mt t tp cht l nguyn t thuc nhm 3(In, Bo, Ga) vo cht bn dn thun Ge (Si). Trong nt mng, nguyn t tp cht ch c 3 in t ha tr a ra to lin kt cng ha tr vi 3 nguyn t Ge (Si) bn cnh, mi lin kt th 4 trng v to thnh mt l trng. in t ca mi lin kt gn c th nhy sang hon chnh mi lin kt th 4 cn trng . Nguyn t tp cht va nhn thm in t s tr thnh ion m v ngc li nguyn t Ge/Si va c 1 in t chuyn i s to ra mt l trng v nguyn t ny s tr thnh ion dng c nh
Si E Vng dn EC EA EV
www.ptit.edu.vn
+4 Si +4 EG Mc nhn Vng ho tr
0,01eV
Si
+4
Si
+4
In
+3
Si
+4
Si +4
Si
+4
Si
+4
Trang 16
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
b. Cht bn dn loi P
Nng l trng trong cht bn dn loi P tng nhanh nhng tc ti hp tng nhanh nn nng in t t do gim xung nh hn nng c th c trong bn dn thun Trong cht bn dn loi P, nng ht dn l trng (pp) nhiu hn nhiu nng in t t do np v l trng c gi l ht dn a s, in t t do c gi l ht dn thiu s pp >> np pp=Na+np Na
ni2 ni2 np = = pp Na
Na Nng ion nguyn t tp cht nhn (Acceptor)
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 17
BI GING MN
nn
( N d N a ) (N d N a ) = +
2 2
4ni2 1+ (N d N a )2
BI GING MN
( N a N d ) (N a N d ) = +
2 2
4ni2 1+ (N a N d )2
pp Na Nd
ni2 np Na Nd
Trang 19
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
n n = N C .e
KT
= Nd
NC EF = EC KT ln Nd
EF
i
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 20
BI GING MN
p = N V .e
( EV E F )
KT
= Na
NV EF = EV + KT ln Na
EF
i
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 21
BI GING MN
dn = q .D n dx
J diff
( p)
dp = q .D p dx
4 5
1 electron 3 5 4
1 electron
E Dng din tri (Dng in cun): Dng chuyn dch ca cc ht ti in do tc ng ca in trng E: Jdriff =Jdriff(n) + Jdriff(p) = .E = q(nn + pp).E
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 22
BI GING MN
Einstein Relation: linh ng v h s khuch tn D c xc theo m hnh vt l da trn c s mt s lng ln ht ti chu nhng chuyn ng nhit ngu nhin vi s va chm thng xuyn, 2 hng s ny t l vi nhau theo Einstein Relation nh sau:
D
kT q
V th
www.ptit.edu.vn
kT = q
BI GING MN
6. dn in ca cht bn dn
dn in ca cht bn dn khi c c 2 ht ti in tham gia: = q(nn + pp) Vi bn dn loi n, n>>p, dn in l: Vi bn dn loi p, p>>n, dn in l: n = qNDn [(.m)-1] p = qNAp [(.m)-1]
Tp cht cng nhiu th in tr sut cng gim, tuy nhin linh ng nv p li gim khi nng cht pha tp tng, nh vy c ch dn in trong vng pha tp mnh tng i phc tp Nng gii hn cc nguyn t tp cht mun a vo tinh th bn dn c quyt nh bi gii hn ha tan ca tp cht y. Nu vt qu gii hn ny th hin tng kt ta s xy ra, khi tp cht s khng cn c cc tnh cht nh mong mun na
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 24
BI GING MN
Tng kt
Cht bn dn thun, khng thun Hm phn b Fermi-Dirac, Mc Fermi Nng ht ti trong cht bn dn:
n . p = n i2 = p i2
p = ni e ( EFi EF ) / kT
n = n i e ( E F E Fi ) / kT
Mc Fermi trong cht bn dn thay i theo nng pha tp Cht bn dn thun c dn in nh, cht bn dn khng thun dn in ln = q ( n . + q . )
n q
J = Jn + J
www.ptit.edu.vn
Dn
dp dn J p = J driff ( p ) + J diff ( p ) = qp p E qD p dx dx kT kT kT = n V th = Dp = p q q q
Trang 25
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
Chng 5- it (Diode)
it bn dn 3.0 Gii thiu chung 3.1 Cu to ca it v k hiu trong s mch 3.2 Nguyn l hot ng ca it 3.3 c tuyn Vn-Ampe ca it bn dn 3.4 Cc tham s tnh ca it 3.5 S ph thuc ca c tuyn Vn- Ampe vo nhit 3.6 Phn loi it 3.7 ng dng ca it
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 1
BI GING MN
+ ID VD
SiO2
SiO2
VD
it bn dn l cu kin in t c mt chuyn tip p-n Theo cng ngh ch to cu kin bn dn, ngi ta ly mt mu tinh th bn dn loi p c nng pha tp NA, sau cho khuych tn vo mu bn dn tp cht Donor vi nng ND>NA t mt pha b mt tinh th vi su ph thuc vo qu trnh khuych tn to ra mt lp bn dn n c nng pha tp ND= ND-NA to thnh tip gip PN
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 2
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 3
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 4
BI GING MN
UAK
UAK
www.ptit.edu.vn
Phn cc thun (UAK>0): thc y cc e- trong bn dn n v cc l trng trong bn dn p ti hp vi cc ion gn ng bao ca vng chuyn tip v lm gim rng ca vng chuyn tip. Thng thng UAK< 1V Phn cc ngc (UAK<0): s lng cc ion dng trong vng chuyn tip ca bn dn n tng ln do mt s lng ln cc e- t do b ko v cc (+) ca in p cung cp. S lng cc ion m trong vng chuyn tip ca bn dn p cng tng ln. Vng chuyn tip c m rng. Dng in trong k phn cc ngc - dng bo ho ngc Is
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 5
BI GING MN
iD=ith
Ut UT
UD=UAK
iD= ing
Trang 6
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
iD
b. in tr ng (Ri ):
dU Ri = dI
Ri =
Vth
I M +I0
U >>1 Vth
IM
Vth
IM
UD
UM
Trang 8
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
Pttmax = ImaxUAKmax
it Ge : - 600C n +850C it Si : - 600C n +1500C.
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 10
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 11
BI GING MN
UAK
Trang 12
BI GING MN
2. S mt ngun p l tng :
I A U = UT K A UT = 0,6V + -
3. S mt ngun in p thc: it c coi nh mt ngun in p thc gm c ngun in p v ni tr ca n chnh l RT (in tr trong ca it v n l in tr thun)
I RT U = UT UT
UT UM GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 UAK Trang 13
IM
RT =
U D U M U T = IM I D
www.ptit.edu.vn
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 14
BI GING MN
e u = Ri i = Ri R + Ri
dU Ri = dI
www.ptit.edu.vn
Ri =
Vth
I0e
U Vth
Vth
I M +I0
Ri
Vth
IM
Trang 15
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
C k .t =
Ri
Ck.t
= vi ns s
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 16
BI GING MN
C tx =
C0 Vnguoc
1 n
n = 2 3
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 17
BI GING MN
it xung: ch xung, it c s dng nh kha in t gm c hai trng thi: "dn" khi R it rt nh v "kha" khi R it rt ln. Yu cu thi gian chuyn t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc phi tht nhanh. Thi gian chuyn trng thi xc nh tc hot ng ca it v do xc nh tc lm vic ca thit b Gm: it hp kim, it mza, it Stky. Trong it Stky c dng rng ri nht. it Stky s dng tip xc bn dn - kim loi. Thi gian phc hi chc nng ngt ca it Stky c th t ti 100psec. in p phn cc thun cho it Stky khong UD = 0,4V, tn s lm vic cao n 100 GHz
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 18
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 19
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
Mt s hnh nh ca it
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 21
BI GING MN
it Zener (1)
Vng Zener c dng thit k it Zener in p Zener (VZ): l in p phn cc ngc m ti dng in c xu hng tng t bin trong khi in p tng khng ng k in p Zener rt nhy cm i vi nhit lm vic
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 22
BI GING MN
it Zener (2)
Cc c tnh ca it Zener vi m hnh tng ng mi vng +
+ VZ GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
www.ptit.edu.vn
+ 0,7 V -
Trang 23
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 24
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 25
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 26
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 27
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 28
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 29
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 30
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 31
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
IC IB
+ VBE + VCE
Emitter (P+)
+ VEB
IE
Base (P)
Emitter (N+)
Base (N)
Collector (P)
+ VEC
IE
IB
IC
Transistor gm c 2 tip gip PN do 3 lp tng ng 3 min pht, gc, gp v c 3 in cc ni ti 3 min: Cc Pht-E (Emitter), Cc Gc B (Base), Cc Gp-C(Collector) BJT thun c 3 min PNP, BJT ngc c 3 min NPN Chuyn tip PN gia min E-B l chuyn tip Emitter TE, gia B-C l chuyn tip collector TC
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 2
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 3
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 4
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
VBC
Bo ha VBE Tch cc
Tch cc o Ngt
VC
B Bo ha VEB Tch cc
Trang 6
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 7
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
I nE I nE = 0,98 0,995 I E I pE + I nE
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 9
BI GING MN
I C I E
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 10
BI GING MN
H s khuch i dng Emitter chung tn hiu nh: I C = = I B 1 M hnh kch thc n gin ca BJT npn:
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 11
BI GING MN
ch tch cc:
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 12
BI GING MN
qDn n pB 0 AE IS = WB
IS- dng Collector bo ha
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 13
BI GING MN
V VBE>>KT/q ta c IB=IC/0 :
qDn n pBo AE WB IC Dn n pB 0 WE F = = = I B qD p pnEo AE D p W p nE 0 B WE
n pB 0 pnE 0
N dE = N aB
F = 0 =
Dn N dEWE D p N aBWB
Trang 14
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
qDn n pB 0 AE IS = W B
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
IE
Trang 15
BI GING MN
Nhn xt 0 : 0 ln chn: NdE>>NaB; WE>>WB hay gim ti a kch thc min Base WB v pha tp ti a min Emitter NdE Thc t 0 ca npn lun ln hn 0 ca pnp v lun c Dn>Dp Hin nay ngi ta ch to c BJT c 0 t khong 50 300 0 c lp vi IC Vic n nh 0 trong khi sn sut rt kh do cn s dng k thut mch in t gii quyt
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 16
BI GING MN
IE=IB+IC
q D n n pB 0 AE IS = W B
IE
F = 0 =
IC F = IB 1F
F =
Dn N dEWE D p N aBWB
Trong ch ng: = I C
www.ptit.edu.vn
I E
I C = = I B 1
Trang 17
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
UCE
E TE B TC C p VBE n p VBC
Cung cp ngun sao cho hai tip xc PN u c phn cc ngc. in tr ca cc chuyn tip rt ln, ch c dng in ngc bo ha rt nh ca tip gip gp ICB0. Cn dng in ngc ca tip gip pht IEB0 rt nh so vi ICB0 nn c th b qua. Nh vy, mch cc E coi nh h mch. Dng in trong cc gc B: IB= -I CB0
Trang 18
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 19
BI GING MN
c. BJT ch bo ha (Saturation)
S phn cc BJT npn trong ch bo ha RC C B EB UBE E UCE IC S tng ng n gin ca BJT npn ch bo ha EC EC B IC RC C E
UCE 0V
EC IC RC
Cung cp ngun in mt chiu vo cc cc ca Transistor sao cho hai tip xc PN u phn cc thun. Khi in tr ca hai tip xc pht TE v tip xc gp TC rt nh nn c th coi n gin l hai cc pht E v cc gp C c ni tt. Dng in qua Transistor IC kh ln v c xc nh bi in p ngun cung cp EC v khng ph thuc g vo Transistor ang s dng, thc t UCE 0,2V
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 20
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
V th
1 + R I CS e V BC 1 I CS e V BC
V BE V th
V th
V th
)
Trang 22
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
IS=FIES= RICS
I E = I ES eVBE I C = F I ES e
Vth
IE
www.ptit.edu.vn
1 + R I CS eVBC 1 I CS eVBC
VBE Vth
Vth
Vth
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 23
BI GING MN
VBE = 0.7
IB
B
IC
C
VBE = 0.7
IC = F I B
E
IC
VBE = 0.7
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
VCE = 0.1
E
Trang 24
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 25
BI GING MN
UCE IE
UEB
IE
IB
IC
IB
IE UEC
IC
UCB
UBC
(CB)
(CC)
c trng ca mng 4 cc dng h phng trnh tr khng, dn np, hn hp. H phng trnh hn hp:
u1 = f (i1, u2 ) i2 = f (i1, u2 )
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
IB
IC
UCE IE
UEB
IE
IB
IC
IB
IE UEC
IC
UCB
UBC
(CB) CE CB
u1 = f (i1 ) |u2
Tng qut
UEB = f (IE ) |UCB UBC = f (IB ) |UEC UEB = f (UCB) |IE UBC = f (UEC ) |IB
(CC) CC
u1 = f (u2 ) |i1
i2 = f (i1 ) |u2
IC = f (IB ) |UCE
i2 = f (u2 ) |i1
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
in tr ra vi phn rra : biu th quan h gia dng in trn mch ra vi in p trn mch ra. dU
rra =
ra
dI ra
khi I vo = const
in tr vo vi phn rvo : biu th quan h gia dng in trn mch vo vi in p trn mch vo
rvo =
www.ptit.edu.vn
dU vao dI Vao
khi U ra = const
Trang 29
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
H s khuch i in p: Ku
KU =
KP =
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 30
BI GING MN
IE
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 31
BI GING MN
IB( A)
IB =0A IB =-ICB0
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
Gi UCE =const., thay i UBE v ghi li gi tr tng ng ca IB, v c c tuyn IB=f(UBE), Thay i UCE n gi tr khc nhau l thc hin tng t, kt qu thu c h c tnh vo tnh ca BJT mc CE
UBE [V]
IB [A]
Trang 34
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
I C = I S .e
I S U BE Vth S= e Vth
dU CE dI C
dU BE dI B
in tr ra vi phn rra :
rra = rCE =
khi I vo = I B = const
khi U ra = U BE = const
in tr vo vi phn rvo :
rvo = rBE =
I ra I = C = DC = hFE I vo I B
BI GING MN
Gi IE =const., thay i UCB v ghi li gi tr tng ng ca IC, v c c tuyn IC=f(UCB). Thay i IE n gi tr khc nhau v thc hin tng t, ta thu c l h c tnh ra tnh ca BJT mc B chung Xc h nh c tuyn vo tnh: UEB = f (IE ) |UCB
UEB
IE
IC
UCB
IB
(CB)
Gi UCB = const., thay i UEB v ghi li gi tr tng ng ca IE, v c c tuyn IE=f(UEB). Thay i UCB n gi tr khc nhau v thc hin tng t, ta thu c h c tnh vo tnh ca BJT mc B chung
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 36
BI GING MN
IC (mA) 40 30
Vng tch cc IE5 = 40mA IE4 = 30mA IE3 = 20mA IE2 = 10mA IE1= 0 UCB (V)
Vng dn bo 20 ha 10 0 -2 -4
(IE3 - IE2)
-6 Vng ngt
-8
- Khc so vi c tuyn ra ca BJT mc CE, khi UCB gim ti 0, IC vn cha gim ti 0, do bn thn chuyn tip TC vn cn in th tip xc, chnh in th tip xc ny cun nhng ht dn t min B sang min C lm cho dng IC tip tc chy. IC =0 th TC phi c phn cc thun. Min c tuyn trong TC phn cc thun gi l min bo ha - Khi UCB tng n gi tr no th IC tng ln t ngt do hin tng nh thng xy ra
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 37
BI GING MN
UEB [V] -1 -0,8 -0,5 -0,4 -0,2 -1 -2 -3 -4 IE [mA] UCB= 0V UCB= 1V UCB= 2V UCB= 6V
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 38
BI GING MN
I C = I S .e
I S U BE Vth S = e Vth
dU CB dI C
dU EB dI B
in tr ra vi phn rra :
rra = rCB =
khi I vo = I E = const
khi U ra = U CB = const
I ra I = C = 0 < 1 I vo I E
Ki0 < 1, mch CB khng th dng lm mch khuch i dng in c im ca mch CB (Xem gio trnh)
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 39
BI GING MN
IE UEC
IC
UBC
(CC)
Xc h nh c tuyn vo tnh: UBC = f (IB ) |UEC Gi UEC mt tr s c nh, thay i UBC v ghi li gi tr tng ng ca IB, v c c tuyn IB=f(UBC). Thay i UEC n gi tr khc nhau l thc hin tng t, ta thu c h c tnh vo tnh ca BJT mc C chung Xc nh h s truyn t (c tuyn khuch i): IE = f (IB ) |UEC C th c xc nh t c tuyn ra
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 40
BI GING MN
c tuyn vo ca mch mc CC khc hn vi trng hp mc CE v CB. Trng hp ny in p vo UCE ph thuc rt nhiu vo in p ra UCB,
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 41
BI GING MN
c tuyn ra (CC)
c tuyn khuch i IE c tuyn ra
IB(A ) 2
0
ch ngt
IB =0A IB =-ICB0
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
in tr ra vi phn rra :
rra = rEC =
dU EC dI E
dU BC dI B
khi I vo = I B = const
khi U ra = U EC = const
in tr vo vi phn rvo :
rvo = rBC =
Ki0 =
I ra I = E I vo I B
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 44
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
C2 Ura UCE
Ty theo cc gi tr phn cc m im lm vic tnh c ta khc nhau, im lm vic tnh Qi(UCEi,ICi,IBi) l giao im ca ng ti tnh v c tuyn ra tng ng vi dng phn cc IB=IBi Khi c tn hiu t vo, IB bin i IC bin i, kt qu l Ura trn ti bin i. Cn phi chn im lm vic tnh Q in p ra trn ti khng b mo. Thng thng bin in p ra cc i, khng lm mo dng tn hiu, im lm vic tnh thng c chn gia ng ti tnh.
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 46
BI GING MN
IC(mA ) Q3
EC/Rt02 im bo ha IC
2
IB2
IC
1
IB1 -IB1
-UCE1
Trang 47
BI GING MN
o hm 2 v theo IC phng
S= 1+ 0 dI 1 0. B dI C
Trang 48
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
+ Ch bo ha:
U CE 0
+ Ch ngt:
IB >
IC
IC 0
www.ptit.edu.vn
IB 0
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 49
BI GING MN
Uvao
+ Phng trnh ng ti: EC=IC.Rt0+UCE (Rt0=RC) + Mc theo cc s trn IB=const => IB/IC=0 + H h s n nh nhit l: S= 0+1, S ph thuc vo h s K dng Emitter tnh ,vy S ph thuc vo tng loi BJT v thng ln, n nh km nht.
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 50
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
+ Ec
RC C2 T1 Ura
IB+IC
C1 Uvao RB
IC
(a)
(b)
- Mch nh thin c nh c n nh nhit khng cao, v khi dng IC tng lm in p UCE gim, c th dng c tnh ny lm cho dng IB gim do n nh c dng IC bng cch dng in tr hi tip RB t cc C v B, ta c mch Collector-Feedback Bias (CFB) hnh (a). - IB, IC = ? - Phng trnh ng ti tnh: EC=(IC+IB)RC+UCE= ICRC(0+1)/0+UCE
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 52
BI GING MN
0 + 1
1 + 0 RC RB + RC
- Nh vy S< 0+1, ci thin c tnh n nh nhit. - Nu chn RB<<RC th S1. - in p phn hi m qua RB trong mch phn cc lm tng n nh nhit ng thi li lm gim h s khuch i tn hiu xoay chiu, RB gim th n nh tng nhng h s khuch i gim. Nh vy khc phc mu thun ny RB c chia thnh 2 phn R1 v R2 v dng t ni t im ni gia 2 in tr ny nh hnh (b). C h mch i vi tn hiu nh thin 1 chiu nhng ngn mch tn hiu xoay chiu khng cho phn hi tr li u vo. - Mch nh thin hi tip m Collector vn khng th tng c n nh ln cao v S v im cng tc tnh ph thuc ln nhau.
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 53
BI GING MN
(a)
(b)
D dng tnh c: I B =
( EC U BE ) RE ( 0 + 1) + RB
IC =
0 ( EC U BE ) RE ( 0 + 1) + RB
S =?
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 54
BI GING MN
Ec RC C2 T1 Ura
IB+IC
C1 Uvao RB
IC = ?
S =?
IC
U CE = ?
RE
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 55
BI GING MN
IC
UB
R2
UB
R2
UB
IE
(a)
(b)
- Mch nh thin t cp (cn c gi l mch phn p, mch phn cc bng dng Emitter, mch phn cc bng hi tip m dng in) c s nh hnh (a). S tng ng tnh nh hnh (b) (p dng bin i Norton, Thevenin vi c cu ngun EC v in tr phn p R1, R2. - R1, R2 to thnh mch phn p to in p UB t vo cc B ca BJT.
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 56
BI GING MN
-Cn chn R1, R2 m bo UB n nh v UB<<EC, nhng RB khng ln hn nhiu RE, nu khng th s phn cc ca mch ging nh trng hp phn cc dng c nh. (Thng thng chn RB=RE) EB=IBRB+UBE+(IC+IB)RE=UBE+IB(RB+(0+1)RE -Trong trng hp ny khng c b qua UBE E B U BE -Tnh ton im phn cc: IB = ; IC = 0 I B RB + ( 0 + 1) RE - Phng trnh ng ti tnh: EC=IC(RC+RE)+UCE+IB.RE (b qua IB.RE) EC = IC(RC+RE)+UCE
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 57
BI GING MN
0 +1
1+ 0 RE RE + RB
= (1 + 0 )
RE 1 + 0 + RB
1+
RB
RE
S1 khi RB<<RE, v S1+ 0 khi RB>>RE S khng ph thuc vo Rt0=RC. - Bn cht ca s n nh nhit ca mch nh thin t cp chnh l dng phn hi m qua in tr RE. Tng RE ngha l tng phn hi m, do lm gim h s khuch i tn hiu xoay chiu ca mch. C th loi tr phn hi m ca tn hiu xoay chiu bng cch mc thm t in CE ngn mch i vi tn hiu xoay chiu nh hnh c, d. - Trong thc t 0 cng thay i theo nhit , do cng nh hng n n nh ca im lm vic tnh
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 58
BI GING MN
IC
(c)
(d)
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 59
BI GING MN
(1)
(2)
RE
(3)
(4)
(5) R2 RE
(1) : BB - Base Bias (2) : EFB - Emitter-Feedback Bias (3) : CFB - Collector-Feedback Bias
n nh tng dn
(4) : CEFB Collector- and Emitter- Feedback Bias (5) : VDB Voltage Divider Bias
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 60
BI GING MN
BB
+ RB EE
EFB
EE RE T RC RB T RC +
CFB
+ EE RB RC T
CEFB
RB
VDB
+ EC R2 RE T R1 RC
Trang 61
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
I CSat
E U CESat EC = C RC RC
Ec =+5V RC 0.82k UO Q (=125) C
Ui
IB IB2
UO
Ui
RB 68 k
5V 0V t
R 0 C IB
1im IB0=-ICB0 ngt
(a)
www.ptit.edu.vn
Ngt
E
C
UCE(V Trang ) 63
BI GING MN
t on = t d + t r
Ui U1 -U2 0 iB t0 iC t0
toff = t s + t f
t
t t tr
d
tn
ts tf to
Trang 64
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 65
BI GING MN
u1 h12 = hr = u2
i1 = 0
i2 h21 = h f = i1
h22 = ho =
u2 =0
i2 h dn ra khi u2 i =0 u vo h mch 1 Tham s h s c k hiu v tnh theo mi cch mc BJT khc nhau
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 66
BI GING MN
B
iC
C hoe uCE
uCE iE
uBE
h11 = hie =
u BE iB
= re
u CE = 0
E Tr khng tip gip emitter Ch s ph thuc ca uBE vo uCE, hre rt nh thng b qua
h12 = hre =
u BE uCE
iB = 0
ic h21 = h fe = ib
h22 = hoe =
www.ptit.edu.vn
= 0
u CE = 0
ic u CE
iB = 0
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 67
BI GING MN
UCE IE
UEB
IE
IB
IC
IB
IE UEC
IC
UCE
UBC
(CB)
(CC)
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 68
BI GING MN
Q = (VBE , VCE )
f vCE
vce
Q
ic = g m u be + g o u ce
Output conductance (in dn u ra g0)
Trang 69
Transconductance- h dn gm
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
h dn gm, in tr vo
h dn gm: Tng t nh dn ca it, gm l dc ca phng trnh c tnh iC=f(uBE) ti im lm vic tnh Q(IC,UBE,UCE) ch tch cc: iC = I S e (u BE / Vth ) ; iC = I C + ic ; u BE = U BE + ube
i gm = C u BE I S U BE Vth I C q = = = IC e Vth kT Vth
gm,lin kt gia cp cc B-E v dng collector, t l thun vi dng tnh IC v t l nghch vi nhit , n l phn t trung tm trong m hnh .V th = in tr vo ng r c xc nh nh sau: r =
gm IC
BI GING MN
in p Early
Trong ch tch cc dng in iC tng khng ng k khi in p in p uCE tng. xc nh mi tng quan xt s iu ch rng hiu dng min B. Khi uCE tng, in p phn cc ngc uCB t trn chuyn tip BC tng: uCB = uCE-uBE uCE-0,7V xc nh tc ng ca in p phn cc ngc n dng iC thc hin tnh ton rng ca min B thay i theo uCE v thay vo biu thc tnh iC(uBE, uCE), biu thc ny rt phc tp. n gin hn trong vic tnh ton, ngi ta thng dng xp x thun ty theo kinh nghim xc nh s ph thuc ca dng iC vo in p uCE. Da vo th c tnh ca IC theo in p UCE trong ch tch cc, ngoi suy v xc nh giao im ca chng vi trc UCE, cc c tuyn u i qua im VAn (VAn- Early Voltage)
slope~1/ro
IC
An www.ptit.edu.vn
-V
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
in tr u ra
T th c tuyn IC, hiu chnh phng trnh iC nh sau:
uCE iC = I S e 1 + V An - in dn u ra g0 c xc nh nh sau: iC 1 r0 : in tr u ra g0 = = uCE Q r0
u BE Vth U BE 1 IC 1 V th g0 = = I S e r0 VAn VAn
r0 =
VAn IC
- Mi loi BJT c in p VAn khc nhau, ph thuc vo cu to ca BJT, ngi ta thng xc nh in p ny bng thc nghim v dng phng php ngoi suy t th c tuyn ca BJT.
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 72
BI GING MN
ib =
gm
.Vth
IC
IC q gm = = IC Vth kT
r0 =
VAn IC
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
1 ic = g m vbe + vce ro
vbe u = r r
Trang 73
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 74
BI GING MN
d. M hnh tng ng re
CE
Ib B +
R1 1k
CB
Ic + C Iin = -Ie E + re E B
R1 1k
Io = Ic + Ic=Ie B
re E
Ib
r = re
1 gm = re
1 ro = hoe
Trang 75
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 76
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 1
c im ca FET
Mt s u im ca FET: FET l loi linh kin mt loi ht dn (unipolar device). FET c tr khng vo rt cao. Nhiu trong FET t hn nhiu so vi Transistor lng cc. FET khng b in p ti dng ID = 0, do n l linh kin chuyn mch tuyt vi. C n nh v nhit cao. Tn s lm vic cao. Kch thc ca FET nh hn ca BJT nn c nhiu u im trong IC. Mt s nhc im: Nhc im chnh ca FET l h s khuch i in p thp hn nhiu so vi BJT
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 4
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 5
JFET cu to gm: Mt knh dn c lm t bn dn N (JFET knh dn N) hoc P (JFET knh dn P), c 2 in cc 2 u l cc ngun S v cc mng D. in cc th 3 l cc cng G, gia cc ny v knh dn c mt chuyn tip PN, trong min bn dn cc cng c pha tp mnh hn nhiu so vi knh dn vng in tch khng gian (vng ngho) ca chuyn tip PN lan ch yu v pha knh dn. JFET hu ht u l loi i xng, c ngha l khi u trong mch ta c th i ch hai chn cc S v D cho nhau th cc tnh cht v tham s ca JFET khng h thay i
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 6
JFET v nha
Trang 7
G RD + + EG UGS S
ID UDS RD + ED
Trang 8
UGS
ED
= co nst
I D = f 2 (U GS ) U D S = co nst
www.ptit.edu.vn
N S B
(a)
P+
(e)
UGS
UDS=Udt
(b)
ID = f1(UDS ) UGS=const
www.ptit.edu.vn
(c)
(d)
UDS
Trang 10
ID (mA)
Vng ohmic
Vng bo ho
A
UGS = 0V
UGS0
2 4 UP0 6 8 10 12
Vng nh thng
UDS (V)
Trang 12
ID
UDS
IDSS
0 UGS (V)
c tuyn truyn t ca JFET m t mi quan h gia ID v in p UGS ng vi mt gi tr nht nh ca UDS. Dng c tuyn truyn t khi JFET lm vic vng bo ho nh hnh bn tri. c tuyn xut pht t mt gi tr UGS0, ti ID = 0, gi l in p kho. Khi tng UGS, ID tng gn nh t l do dn in ca knh tng theo mc gim phn cc ngc ca tip gip PN. Lc UGS = 0, ti vng bo ho ID = IDSS, , vy IDSS l dng tnh cc mng khi khng c in p cc ca
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 13
UDS
4 2 2 1 0 UGS (V)
Trong : IDSS l dng cc mng bo ho khi UGS= 0, khi knh m rng nht v lc ny ID t gi tr ln nht ca n, nn nh vy c ngha l IDSS l dng cc mng cc i c th t c ca JFET UGS0 l in p kho knh hay in p ngt knh, v ID=0 khi rng ca knh dn bng 0, nn nh vy c ngha l UGS0 l th p t ln cc cng lm cho JFET b kho li hon ton. IDSS v UGS0 l 2 tham s quan trng ca JFET dng nhiu khi thit k mch.
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 14
IDSS
D G S Knh N
www.ptit.edu.vn
IDSS
UDS1 UP0
ID
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 17
in tr vi phn u vo:
rvao =
U GS I G
So snh cc cng thc tnh h dn gm, in tr trong ri v h s khuch i in p , ta c cng thc sau: = S.ri c tr s khong vi trm ln ( s mc S chung)
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 18
S dng c 2 loi ht ti in, hot Ch s dng 1 loi ht dn chnh, ng bng cch phun ht ti khng c hin tng phun ht ti Linh kin iu khin bng dng (Dng Linh kin iu khin bng th (Th li li vo iu khin dng li ra vo iu khin dng li ra) in tr li vo nh (v dng li vo in tr li vo rt ln (v dng li l dng ca chuyn tip PN phn cc vo l dng ca chuyn tip PN phn thun) cc ngc), IG rt nh (1pA1nA) in tr li ra nh hn in tr li ra ln hn S dng cho cc tn hiu ln hn (cc S dng cho cc tn hiu nh (Cc tng u trong h khuch i) tng cui trong h khuch i) Nhiu ln hn n nh nhit km hn Nhiu nh n nh nhit tt
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 19
C2 Uvao
Q1 C2 RG RS Ura
Ura
Trang 20
Trang 21
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 23
+ED RD C1 Uvao RG EG +
ID
Q1
C2
Ura
Q UGSQ= -2V
ED
Trang 24
www.ptit.edu.vn
ID
Q1
C2 Ura
IS
RG
RS
Mch nh thin t cp
S dng 2 in tr phn p R1, R2 to ra in p nh thin cho cc G. Cho ED= +20V, Tham s ca JFET: UGS0= -3,5V; IDSS= 5mA Tnh ton im lm vic tnh nu UDSQ=10V
+ED R1 C1 Uvao R2 RD Q1 RS
ID (mA)
ID
C2
Ura
IDSS UDS = 10V RS2 Q2 RS1 Q1 2mA UGS UGS0=-3V UGSQ1 UGSQ1
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 26
UG
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 27
U GS K = 1 U GS 0
+ UGS Trang 28
I Dbh
i D = f ( u GS , u DS ) = I D + i d = f (U GS + u gs , U DS + u ds )
Gi s im lm vic Q(UGS,UDS,ID)
Trang 29
in p UGS cc i l UGS0, Nh vy h dn cc i l :
gm0 = 2 I DSS U GS 0
gm U GS = gm0 1 U GS 0
Thc t th IDbh cng s thay i theo UDS mc d s thay i ny l khng ng k. Phng trnh tnh dng ID c hiu chnh c tnh n nh hng ca in p UDS nh sau:
u GS i D = f (u GS , u DS ) = I DSS 1 U GS 0
www.ptit.edu.vn
u DS + 1 V An
u GS 1 U GS 0
=
Q
I 1 = D V An V An
in tr vi phn u ra:
ri = rd =
u DS iD
1 VAn = gd ID
gm0 =
2 I DSS U GS 0
P_JFET
gm.ugs
S
rd
U GS gm = gm0 1 U GS 0
gm.ugs
S
rd
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 31
RL CC u v o m c h D Q1 S RG RS
u r a m c h
+
VDD
+
VS
CS
RL
VRL
I DS(b o ho)
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 32
3. Cu trc MOS
3.1 Cu trc MOS trong iu kin cn bng nhit 3.2 Cu trc MOS khi c in p phn cc 3.3. c tuyn Q-V 3.4. Mt s hiu ng bc hai 3.5. Cc m hnh dng cho linh kin MOS
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 33
3. Cu trc MOS
Oxide (SiO2)
ox =3.90
Gate (n+ poly)
0
Body (p-type substrate) x
Rt mng!
tox ~1nm
s =11.70
MOS = Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor: Cu trc t in MOS gm c lp in cc kim loi ph ln lp bn dn c nng pha tp rt cao (n+ hoc p+) tng ng nh lp Metal (Min Gate), v lp bn dn nn (loi p hoc n)-lp Semiconductor (min Body), gia chng c lp cch in rt mng dng Oxide SiO2. Lp kim loi Metal thng dng lp bn dn pha tp cao n+ hoc p+ Lp bn dn nn dng loi p ta c cu trc NMOS, nu dng loi n ta c cu trc PMOS
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 34
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 35
Eox
Xd0
Qua dy dn s c s khuch tn in t t min kim loi G sang min bn dn B v l trng t min B sang min G. Min B s tch in -, min G tch in +, gia chng hnh thnh in trng Eox hng t G sang B. in trng ny lm hnh thnh lp in tch dng ngay di y ca min G v min in tch m trong min B ngay di lp oxide (Do Eox cun in t v l trng ngc vi dng ktn) Min in tch trong min bn dn to ra mt vng chuyn tip c rng Xd0 ngay st lp oxide.
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 37
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 38
Thay biu thc ca 0(x) vo biu thc tch phn ta tnh c biu thc tnh phn b in trng trong cu trc MOS:
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 39
?
in th tnh in ti min B:
Hiu in th ni:
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 40
in th tip xc
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 41
Khi c in p phn cc UGB t vo nMOS, tu theo gi tr in p phn cc UGB vng in tch khng gian thay i v c th tn ti cc trng thi khc nhau. Khi c in p phn cc, in th ni t qua cu trc MOS thay i t : B > B+UGB Do lp oxide cch in nn dng in ti bt k v tr no trong cc lp bn dn J=0, nh vy Jdriff = -Jdiff Ti bin gia lp oxide v bn dn, in trng pha lp oxide Eox v in trng pha bn dn nn ES lun tho mn iu kin sau: Eox/ES 3
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 42
QG (VGB =VFB ) = 0
Khi t in p phn cc UGB=VFB=-B<0, in p phn cc b vi hiu in th ni B,, c tc dng cun in t t min B sang min G, in tch ca cc min G v B gim dn n bng 0, v cc vng tch in bin mt. Vi in kin phn cc nh vy MOS c di nng lng bng phng flatband. in p VFB gi in p flatband. Mt in tch min G: QG(VFB) = 0. Trng hp ny ban u, dng cun do UGB to ra ngc vi dng khuch tn.
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 44
QB = QG
(-) in t t do
Nu in p phn cc gim nh hn VFB, cu trc nMOS ging nh t in 2 bn cc song song. Min G tch in (in tch do in t t do to ra), min B tch in + (in tch do l trng to ra) Mt in tch ca min G:
Cox - mt in dung ca t MOS Trng hp ny ban u dng cun do UGB to ra ln hn v ngc chiu dng khuch tn
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 45
0>UGB>VFB
QG (VGB ) =QB
+ Ion Donor +
Tng t nh iu kin cn bng nhit, mc d UGB<0, nhng do UGB>VFB nn vn tn ti dng khuch tn in t t min kim loi G sang min bn dn B v l trng t min B sang min G qua dy dn v vt qua in th ca ngun cung cp. Nh vy Min B s tch in +, min G tch in -, gia chng hnh thnh in trng Eox hng t G sang B. in trng ny lm hnh thnh lp in tch dng ngay di y ca min G v min in tch m trong min B ngay di lp oxide to ra mt vng chuyn tip c rng xd ngay st lp oxide Trng hp ny ban u dng cun do UGB to ra ngc chiu v nh hn dng khuch tn.
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 46
0<UGB +
Khi 0 < UGB < UT, tng t nh trng hp UFB < UGB< 0, Vng chuyn tip c hnh thnh ngay st lp oxide c rng c m rng hn. Min tch in + c hnh thnh pha y ca min G ngay st lp oxide v min in tch - c hnh thnh pha nh ca min B ngay st lp oxide. in tch m to ra do cc Ion Acceptor v nng in t t do tng ln. Khi UGB tng th vng chuyn tip cng c m rng. Ti vng chuyn tip pha min B bn dn p, khi UGB tng nng in t tng dn, nng l trng gim dn. Trng hp ny ban u dng cun do UGB to ra cng chiu vi chiu dng khuch tn
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 47
s
+ + + + + + + + ++ + - - - - Body (p-type substrate)
Khi tng UGB, ti min in tch chuyn tip trn nh min B, nng in t tng dn, nng l trng gim dn. Khi UGB =UT ti nh ca min B nng in t bng nng l trng vng bn dn cn trung ho n(0)=Na, cn nng l trng bng nng in vng bn dn cn trung ho p(0)=ni2/ Na. Trng thi ny gi l trng thi ngng - Bn dn bt u chuyn t loi p sang loi n. in p UT c gi l in p ngng. - H s nn
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 48
VGB = VT
s
+ + + + ++ ++ + + + - - Body (p-type substrate)
Khi UGB>UT nng in t t do ti b mt ca min bn dn B tip gip vi lp oxide tng ln hn Na, trng thi o ht dn xy ra. Lp in t ti b mt c gi l lp o, bn dn ti tng ng bn dn n Nng in t t do ti b mt c iu ch theo in p UGB, nu UGB tng th n(0) tng => in tch ca lp o Qn tng.
vi
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 49
si er
on
QN (VGB )
QB,max
ac
u m cu
n io t la
VFB
VTh
VGB (V )
Trong trng thi tch lu v trng thi o in tch ca vng chuyn tip pha min G tng tuyn tnh theo in p phn cc UGB. Trong trng thi chuyn tip in tch tng rt chm do in p phn cc ch yu ri trn in tr ca vng in tch chuyn tip.
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 50
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 51
Trn bn dn (bn dn nn B), ngi ta to ra 2 vng bn dn khc vi bn dn nn. V d loi nn loi p, th to ra 2 vng bn dn loi n+ cch nhau mt khong nht nh, 2 vng bn dn n ny c dn ra ngoi thnh 2 in cc S v D Vng bn dn gia S v D hoc bng cch pha tp (MOSFET knh t sn) hoc do thin p trong khi hot ng (MOSFET knh cm ng) bao gi cng c loi ht dn o so vi . Vng ny c gi l vng knh dn, nh vy tc l bao gi ta cng c mt chuyn tip p-n gia v knh dn Pha trn knh dn ngi ta ph lp in mi mng (SiO2), v trn lp in mi ny ph tip lp kim loi to ra in cc G ca MOSFET, G c cch ly hon ton vi knh dn, tng t nh cu trc MOS
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 52
E-MOSFET B D G S D B S n+
Substrate (p)
D n+
n+ Knh dn (n) n+
Substrate (p)
B G
B G
D p+
p+ Knh dn (p) p+
Substrate (n)
B
www.ptit.edu.vn
B
Trang 54
MOSFET v nha
RD +
b) D-MOSFET knh P G
D ID UDS RD + ED
Trang 57
UGS
ED
+ EG
UGS
n+
6 4 2 2 UP 4
Vng bo ho
(a) G D
B UGS<0 S D
G + ++ +
UGS<0 S
10
12 UDS (V)
G n + ++ + n+
UGS<0 S
+ ++ + n+
Substrate (p)
n+
n+
n+
Substrate (p)
n+
Substrate (p)
UGS
(b)
UGS=UP B
(c)
UGS>UP
B (d)
Trang 59
www.ptit.edu.vn
-----------
n+
Substrate (p)
n+
6 4 2 2 UP 4
Vng bo ho
(a) G D
B UGS>0 S D
UGS>0 S
10
12 UDS (V)
D n n+
UGS>0 S
- - - - - --------
-------
- ---
n+
Substrate (p)
n+
n+
n+
Substrate (p)
n+
Substrate (p)
UGS
(b)
UGS=UP B
(c)
UGS>UP
B (d)
Trang 60
www.ptit.edu.vn
IDmax
Ch ngho hd IDSS
IDmax IDSS
Ch giu hd
Vng Ohmic
A
ID (mA)
UGS = +1V
Ch giu hd Ch ngho hd
UGS0 3 2 1 0
UGSmax
UGS (V)
2
2
4 UP 6
10
12
UDS (V)
U GS I D = I DSS 1 U khi GS 0
U GS 0 U GS U GS max
Vng bo ha
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 61
IDmax
IDSS
UGS = -1V
ID (mA)
Vng Ohmic
Trang 62
IDmax
IDSS
UGSmin
-1
UGS0
UDS
U GS I D = I DSS 1 U khi GS 0
U GS min U GS U GS 0
Vng bo ha
www.ptit.edu.vn
ID UDS S RD + ED
Trang 63
ED
n+ - - - - - n+
- - - Lp o Lp chuyn tip
---------
Substrate (p)
(a) D
B G UGS>UT>0 S
---------
G UGS>UT>0 S n+ -- - - - - n+
Substrate (p) ------
G UGS>UT>0 S
---n+ + - - - - n+
- - -
n+ - - - - - n+
- - -
- -
- -
Substrate (p)
Substrate (p)
UDS<Up
(b)
UDS=Up
(c)
UDS>Up
B
Trang 64
(d)
www.ptit.edu.vn
Khi UGS<UT - in p ngng, knh b kho hon ton (cha hnh thnh knh cm ng): ID= IDbh=0. Khi UT<UGS = const, nu UDS >Up th ID =IDbh=const Biu thc tnh ID theo UGS ti vng bo ho thng c tnh nh sau:
I D = k .(U GS U T ) 2
www.ptit.edu.vn
k: hng s knh. k =
W n C ox 2.L
W, L rng v chiu di ca G
Trang 65
-UDS
Khi UGS>UT - in p ngng, knh b kho hon ton (cha hnh thnh knh cm ng): ID= IDbh=0. Khi UGS<UT<0, nu -UDS >Up th ID =IDbh=const Biu thc tnh ID theo UGS ti vng bo ho thng c tnh nh sau:
I D = k .(U GS U T )
www.ptit.edu.vn
k =
W p C ox 2.L
IDSS UGS0
I D = I DSS U (1 GS ) 2 U GS 0
I D = I DSS
IDSS UGS0
U (1 GS ) 2 U GS 0
ID = k.(UGS UT )
k= I D ( on )
(U GS ( on ) U T ) 2
UGS0 UGS0/2
www.ptit.edu.vn
UGS0
Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT
UT
Trang 67
IDSS=8mA UGS0=-8V
RG
RS
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 69
Xc nh im lm vic Q
UGS0
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 70
R1
RD
IDSS=6mA UGS0=-3V
R2
RS
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 71
im lm vic Q
UGS0
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 72
A3. nh thin cc G c nh
EG = 2V RD
IDSS=10mA UGS0=-4V
EG
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 73
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 74
S 1 chiu tng ng
IG = 0
UGS = UDS
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 75
c tuyn truyn t
UT
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 76
Xc nh im lm vic Q
UT
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 77
V d
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 78
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 79
R2 VG = VDD R +R 1 2 KVL Input -VG + VGS + IDRS = 0 IDon k= (VGSon - VGSTH)2 ID = k(VGS - VGSTH)2
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 80
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 81
4.5 M hnh tng ng ca MOSFET a/ M hnh tng ng mt chiu v tn hiu ln b/ M hnh tng ng tn hiu nh Xt trng hp cc S v B ni tt
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 82
D G
+ + UGS RGS K.IDSS UDS +
RGS
U GS K = 1 U GS 0
+ UGS Trang 83
I Dbh
D G
UDS +
ID = k.(UGS UT )2
+ M hnh tng ng E-MOSFET lm vic vng ohmic
+ UGS
www.ptit.edu.vn
UGS +
Trang 84
I Dbh
i D = f ( u GS , u DS ) = I D + i d = f (U GS + u gs , U DS + u ds )
Gi s im lm vic Q(UGS,UDS,ID)
+ h dn vo:
gm =
Q =
2 I DSS U GS 0
U GS 1 U GS 0
gm
2 I DS . I DSS = U GS 0
2 I DSS U GS 0
U GS = g m0 1 U GS 0
+ Thc t th IDbh cng s thay i theo UDS mc d s thay i ny l khng ng k. Phng trnh tnh dng ID c hiu chnh c tnh n nh hng ca in p UDS nh sau:
u GS i D = f (u GS , u DS ) = I DSS 1 U GS 0
www.ptit.edu.vn
u DS 1 + V An
u GS 1 U GS 0
=
Q
I 1 = D V An V An
+ in tr vi phn u ra: ri = rd = u DS iD
D G G S D
gm0 =
1 VAn = gd ID
D S
G G D
gm.ugs
S
rd
U GS g m = gm0 1 U GS 0
gm.ugs
S
rd
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 87
iD = f (uGS ) = k (uGS U T )
+ h dn vo:
+ Thc t th IDbh cng s thay i theo UDS mc d s thay i ny l khng ng k. Phng trnh tnh dng ID c hiu chnh c tnh n nh hng ca in p UDS nh sau:
iD = f (uGS ) = k (uGS U T ) (1 + .u DS )
2
i DS g = + h dn ra : d u DS
= k (U GS U T
Q
)2 .
= I D .
: H s iu ch chiu di knh
Trang 88
+ in tr vi phn u ra:
www.ptit.edu.vn
ri = rd =
u DS iD
=
Q
1 1 = gd .I D
gm.ugs
S
rd
gm.ugs
rd
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 89
+VDD
xj
xj
n+
UG
UD
NEMOS
B o CMOS
Cng ngh CMOS- Complementary MOS: Hai MOSFET b nhau NMOS (MOSFET knh N) v PMOS (MOSFET knh P) c ch to ng thi trn mt bn dn duy nht Gia PMOS v NMOS c cch ly vi nhau bi chuyn tip PN phn cc ngc Cng ngh CMOS hin l cng ngh ph bin trong cc vi mch s
www.ptit.edu.vn Ging vin: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B mn KTT Trang 90
BI GING MN
CHNG 7. Thyristor
1. 2. 3. 4. Hin tng tr it Shockley DIAC Cu kin chnh lu c iu khin Silic - SCR (SiliconControlled Rectifier) 5. TRIAC 6. Transistor n ni UJT (Unijunction Transistor)
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 1
BI GING MN
Hin tng tr
Thyristor thuc lp cu kin bn dn c tr. Do c tnh tr m mt h thng s khng tr v trng thi ban u sau khi nguyn nhn gy ra s thay i trng thi khng cn na Thyristor l cu kin bn dn c xu hng trng thi m mi khi c bt, v c xu hng trng thi tt mi khi c tt. Mt s kin nht thi c th lt thyristor sang trng thi m hoc trng thi tt v n s t duy tr trng thi thm ch sau khi nguyn nhn gy ra s thay i trng thi khng cn na Do Thyristor c s dng nh mt cu kin chuyn mch bt/tt v n khng th c s dng nh l mt b khuch i tn hiu tng t
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 2
BI GING MN
it Shockley (1)
Khi u cho vic ch to ra thyristor bt ngun t mt cu kin c tn l it 4 lp, cn gi l PNPN it, hay it Shockley Mt it Shockley bao gm 2 transistor lng cc, mt transistor PNP v mt transistor NPN mc vi nhau nh hnh v 7.1
Ant Ant
Catt
Catt
S vt l
S tng ng
K hiu
BI GING MN
it Shockley (2)
Nguyn l hot ng: Cp ngun cho mch tng ng ca it Shockley nh h/v Khi khng c in p ca ngun cung cp khng c dng in Khi U bt u tng ln th vn s khng c dng in bi v khng c transistor no ch dn (m): c hai transistor s u ch ngt
Dng cc gc chy qua transistor pha di c iu khin bi transistor pha trn, v dng cc gc chy qua transistor pha trn c iu khin bi transistor pha di. Ni cch khc chng transistor no c th dn in cho n khi transistor kia dn (hnh 7.2)
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Hnh 7.2
Trang 4
BI GING MN
it Shockley (3)
Vy lm th no m mt it Shockley c th dn in ? Nu hai transistor tht c ni theo kiu to ra mt it Shockley th mi transistor s dn khi c mt in p ln gia ant v catt khin mt trong s chng thot ra khi trng thi ngt Mi khi mt transistor thot ra khi trng thi ngt v bt u dn, n s cho php dng cc gc chy qua transistor cn li lm cho transistor ny dn in theo cch thng thng, v sau cho php dng cc gc chy qua transistor u tin. Cui cng th c hai transistor s u bo ho v s gi cho nhau trng thi dn (on) thay v trng thi ngt (off). Nhng lm cch no hai transistor li tr li trng thi ngt? Gim U cung cp ti mt gi tr rt nh sao cho ch c dng in rt nh chy qua cc cc ca transistor mt trong hai transistor s ngt, dn n vic lm ngng dng cc gc chy qua transistor kia, khin cho c hai transistor u ri vo trng thi ngt
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 5
BI GING MN
it Shockley (4)
c tuyn Vm/Ampe l ng tr kinh in, khi tn hiu in p u vo tng ln v gim xung, dng in u ra khng i theo cng mt con ng i xung ging nh khi n i ln it Shockley c xu hng duy tr trng thi dn (on) mt khi n dn in, v trng thi tt mt khi n ngt in. Khng c ch gia hay tch cc trong hot ng ca n: n ch thun tu l cu kin bt (on) hoc tt (off), ging nh tt c cc Thyristor.
Dng trong mch
in p cung cp Trang 6
BI GING MN
DIAC (1)
DIAC: hai it Shockley c th c mc song song vi nhau theo 2 hng ngc nhau. Diac c th c hot ng song hng (AC)
K hiu ca DIAC
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 7
BI GING MN
DIAC (2)
Nguyn l hot ng: Khi cp mt in p mt chiu vo hai u ca DIAC th n hot ng ging ht nh mt it Shockley. Tuy nhin, khi cp mt in p xoay chiu (AC) vo hai u ca DIAC th n hot ng hon ton khc. Do dng in lin tc o chiu, cc DIAC s khng duy tr trng thi cht lu hn mt na chu k. Nu mt DIAC bt u cht, n s ch tip tc dn dng chng no in p ln a dng in theo hng . Khi in p AC o chiu, DIAC s ngt do khng dng in v n cn phi c mt in p ln (breakover voltage) khc khin n dn tr li. Hnh 7.4 m t dng sng ca DIAC
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 8
BI GING MN
DIAC (2)
in p khin DIAC dn
in p khin DIAC dn
Cc DIAC khng bao gi c s dng mt mnh, m thng c s dng kt hp vi cc cu kin Thyristor khc.
Dng in nh thng, thng thng 50200 A in p khin DIAC dn, thng thng 20-40V
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 9
BI GING MN
Catt
S vt l
S tng ng
K hiu
www.ptit.edu.vn
Trang 10
BI GING MN
SCR (2)
BI GING MN
SCR (3)
Phng php buc SCR dn in c gi l kch hot (triggering) v trong thc t n l cch thng thng nht SCR c cht. tt mt SCR, dng ant phi gim xung di dng gi (holding current). Trong cc mch mt chiu (DC) mt s ph kin thm vo phi c s dng m bo iu ny. Trong cc mch xoay chiu (AC) mt SCR s tt khi in p cung cp (in p ant) i qua im 0 hng ti cc gi tr m.
(Dng gi) (in p nh thng ngc) (trng thi dn)
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 12
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
TRIAC
SCR l cu kin n hng (mt chiu), do n ch hu ch cho vic iu khin mt chiu (DC). Nu hai SCR c ni vi nhau theo kiu song song nh hnh v 8.34 th ta c mt cu kin mi gi l TRIAC
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
TRANSISTOR N NI (UJT)
Cu to: gm mt thanh bn dn Silic loi N c mt u ni loi P chnh gia. Cc u ni ti hai u cui ca thanh bn dn c gi l cc cc ca B1 v B2; im ni gia loi P l cc pht (emitter). Khi cc pht h, in tr ton phn l RBB0 (mt thng s trong bn thng s (data sheet) ca linh kin) bng tng ca hai in tr RB1 v RB2.
Hnh 7.12 - Transistor n ni: (a) Cu to, (b) M hnh, (c) K hiu
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 16
BI GING MN
im nh
Tr khng m Bo ha
im y
Hnh 7.13 - Transistor n ni: (a) ng cong c tuyn pht, (b) M hnh cho VP
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 17
BI GING MN
ng dng ca UJT:
Dng ch to b to dao ng hi phc (relaxation). in p ngun cung cp VBB s np in cho CE qua RE cho n im nh (peak point). Cc pht n ni khng c tc ng g n t in cho n khi im nh c t ti. Mi khi in p ca t (VE) t ti im in p nh VP, in tr cc pht -cc ca1 (E-B1) b nh i s khin t phng mt cch nhanh chng. Mi khi t phng in n di im y VV, in tr E-B1 quay tr li thnh in tr cao, v t in li c np
Trong khi t phng in qua in tr bo ho E-B1, mt xung c th xut hin trn cc in tr ti ngoi B1 v B2 (Hnh v 7.14). in tr ti ti B1 cn phi nh khng nh hng n thi gian phng in. in tr ngoi ti B2 l tu chn. N c th c thay th bi mt ngn mch. Tn s xp x c cho bi 1/f = T = RC
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 18
BI GING MN
Hnh 7.14 - B to dao ng hi phc (relaxation oscillator) dng UJT v cc dng sng. B to dao ng iu khin SCR
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 19
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 2
BI GING MN
Linh kin quang in t gm c linh kin bn dn quang in t v linh kin khng bn dn quang in t Linh kin bn dn quang in t: l nhng linh kin c ch to t vt liu bn dn nh in tr quang, it quang, tranzito quang, LED, LASER bn dn,v.v.. Linh kin khng phi bn dn quang in t: nh si quang dn, mt ch th tinh th lng LCD, ng nhn quang v.v..
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 3
BI GING MN
Khi O/ E
Mch in t
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 4
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
a. Qu trnh hp th
hf = Ei Ek
www.ptit.edu.vn
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
LED ch th (2)
a. Cu to v k hiu ca LED:
A Tip xc P-N P N K
Vt liu ch to it pht quang u l cc lin kt ca cc nguyn t thuc nhm 3 & nhm 5 ca bng tun hon Menlep nh GaAs, hoc lin kt 3 nguyn t nh GaAsP v.v.. y l cc vt liu ti hp trc tip, c ngha l s ti hp xy ra gia cc in t st y di dn v cc l trng st nh di ha tr.
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 9
BI GING MN
Dome LED
ohmic contacts diffused p-type
Planar LED
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
SiO2 Edge-emitting p+-AlGaAs LED p-AlGaAs Gold stud AlGaAs (Active layer) n-AlGaAs Metal contact Primary lightn-GaAs ~ 50 m emitting region Cc lp gii hn ht dn : p-AlGaAs and n-AlGaAs GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh
B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 11
BI GING MN
LED ch th (3)
b. Nguyn l lm vic:
+ LED U R _
Khi LED phn cc thun, cc ht dn a s khuch tn t qua tip xc P-N, chng gp nhau s ti hp v cc photon c pht sinh. Tc ti hp trong qu trnh bc x t pht ny t l vi nng in t trong phn bn dn P v nng l trng trong phn bn dn N. y l cc ht dn thiu s trong cht bn dn. Nh vy, tng s photon bc x ra cn phi gia tng nng ht dn thiu s trong cc phn bn dn. Cng dng in ca it t l vi nng ht dn c "chch" vo cc phn bn dn, do cng pht quang ca LED t l vi cng dng in qua it
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 12
BI GING MN
LED ch th (4)
in p phn cc cho LED gn bng rng vng cm ca vt liu cc LED bc x cc bc sng khc nhau s c ch to t cc vt liu bn dn c rng vng cm khc nhau v in p phn cc cho chng cng khc nhau Tuy nhin LED c in p phn cc thun tng i cao (1,6V 3V) v c in p ngc cho php tng i thp (3V 5V) c tuyn Vn - Ampe ca LED: c tuyn Vn - Ampe ca it pht quang biu din mi quan h gia I dng in quang vi in p t ln LED.
Ungc max 0 UD UAK
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh Hnh 8- 5: c tuyn Vn - Ampe ca LED B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 13
BI GING MN
LED ch th (5)
Mt s loi LED ch th: LED n: linh kin mt LED LED i: dng cho nhng ng dng c bit
1 3 2 Xanh/Vng LED1 LED2
Hnh 8- 6 : LED i
A a f g e d c b
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 14
BI GING MN
(N) to mt lp tinh th c tnh cht lng tnh vi tp cht Silic l GaAsSi (N) v mt tip xc P-N c hnh thnh. Vi s pha tp cht Silic ta c bc x vi bc sng 950nm. Mt di ca LED c mi nhn to thnh mt gng phn chiu tia hng ngoi pht ra t lp tip xc P-N
Trang 15
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
Mt s hnh nh ca LED
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 17
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
LCD (2)
c im: Khong nhit s dng: (- 100C + 600C) in p: 3V 6V (chun l 4,5V) Tn s: 30 Hz 200 Hz Thi gian ng: 40 ms Thi gian ngt: 80 ms Dng in tiu hao khong 0,2 A LCD c tui th kh cao t 10.000 n 100.000 gi v ngy nay n thay th dn cc mt ch th loi LED hay hunh quang
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 19
BI GING MN
LCD (3)
Cu to ca thanh LCD:
o o o Gm c 2 tm knh t cch nhau khong 10m. Mt pha trong ca 2 tm knh trng mt lp oxit km (ZnO) trong sut lm hai in cc. Xung quanh bn cnh hai tm knh c hn kn, sau tinh th lng vo khong gia 2 tm knh v gn kn li. Hai tm nha c tnh phn cc nh sng c dn bn ngoi hai tm knh sao cho hnh nh phn chiu ca mt ch th c nhn t mt pha nh gng phn chiu. Tm nha phn cc th 2 Gng phn chiu
Knh in cc trong sut Knh Tm nha phn cc th 1 Keo Tinh th lng
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 20
BI GING MN
Laser bn dn (1)
Relative optical power
Laser = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation c im: - Ph pht sng hp - Kch thc nh - n nh cao - C bc sng nh sng trong cc ca s quang 1, 2, 3 - iu ch trc tip c th ln n vi Gb/s - Bn knh bc x nh (ghp vi si quang)
www.ptit.edu.vn
< 3 nm ~ 75 nm
Wavelength (nm)
Hnh 8-10
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 21
BI GING MN
Laser bn dn (2)
Light output (mW) 7 Slope gives external efficiency T Lasing emission
Ith
Dng in (mA) Hnh 8-11
40
Bc x kch thch
- Gim dng in ngng - Tng cng sut tng ca nh sng u ra - Tng hiu sut quantum m rng
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
Cu trc ca laser
Kt ni in
Cc loi laser: Laser a mode: Fabry-Perot Laser Laser n mode: dng trong cc h thng thng tin tin tin - DFB Laser (Distributed Feedback) - DBR Laser (Distributed Bragg Reflector) - MQW Laser (Multi Quantum Well) Laser c th iu chnh c: iu chnh bc sng pht ra bng cch (i) thay i chiu di h (ko dn c hc), (ii) thay i h s khc x (iu khin nhit )
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 23
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
Quang tr (2)
Khi nh sng chiu vo b mt quang tr, cc cp e-l trng c sinh ra v c in trng cun ra pha cc in cc. Ph thuc vo thng lng nh sng chiu vo, dng in bn ngoi cng thay i theo. Tr s in tr ca quang tr thay i theo sng chiu vo n. Khi b che ti th quang tr c tr s in tr rt ln (vi M), khi c chiu sng th in tr gim nh (vi chc vi trm ). u im ca quang tr: c khuch i trong, ngha l dng quang in thu c c s in t (hay l trng) ln hn s in t (hay l trng) do photon to ra
RCdS
Lux
Hnh 8.15. c tnh ca quang tr
ng dng: dng trong cc mch thu tn hiu quang, trong bo ng, ng ngt cc mch in, trong o c, iu khin v t ng ho
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 26
BI GING MN
Nguyn l ca it quang
Cung cp mt in p phn cc ngc ph hp cho mt tip gip P-N n gin to ra mt in trng tch cc cp e--l -V trng do nh sng to ra (do s hp thu nh sng trong cht bn dn) Tc p ng c xc nh bi in dung ca thit b b chi phi bi dy ca vng chuyn tip thit b din tch nh v cc vng tch cc c pha tp thp s c in dung nh, ngha l tc cao Nhiu: nhiu thp nu gim nh dng in r (ch yu l dng r b mt) bng cch dng cc vt liu c vng cm rng b mt
www.ptit.edu.vn
n +V
Electric field
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 27
BI GING MN
(a) M hnh b thu quang PIN. (b) p ng / bc sng i vi b thu quang InGaAs/InP
it PIN bao gm lp P, lp I v lp N. Lp I l lp bn dn thun c in tr rt cao khi it PIN c phn cc ngc, lp ngho c th lan ra rt rng trong lp I hng phn ln cc photon ri v hp th trong Trong lp I c in trng cun rt cao cun ht ti nhanh chng v 2 cc to nn dng quang in mch ngoi
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 28
BI GING MN
c tuyn ca PIN
Hnh 8-18
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 29
BI GING MN
APD
Min tng tc (min hp th nh sng) & min nhn ht ti l tch bit nhau Khi c nh sng chiu vo, cc ht ti i qua min hp th s c tng tc, chng va p mnh vo cc nguyn t ca bn dn gy nn s ion ho v to ra cc cp e - l trng mi. Qu trnh c lp i lp li nhiu ln hiu ng thc l tng dng quang in bn ngoi, tng khuch i (tng nhy ca APD) in p phn cc ngc cao (>100V) Photon to ra cc cp e-l trng cc cp e/l trng tng thm do hiu ng thc l M = khuch i thc l (vd: 100) q R APD l , R A P D = M .R , khuch i cao, nhng bng thng thng thp hn, nhiu nhiu trong hn so vi it PIN
www.ptit.edu.vn
hc
Hnh 8.19 M hnh APD vi vng nhn v vng hp th tch bit GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh Trang 30 B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
Cc c im ca it quang
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 31
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
(b)
c im:
khuch i: 100 1000 ln v khuch i l khng tuyn tnh theo cng nh sng chiu vo mi ni gia cc C v B Tc lm vic chm do t in k sinh Ccb gy hiu ng Miller Tn s lm vic max vi trm KHz tng nhy ngi ta ch to loi Transistor lp theo kiu Darlington
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 33
BI GING MN
(b) D +VCC
1m 1N1183
(c) +VCC
D
!NPN
RY
R
!NPN
1k
!NPN
1k
RY
!NPN
!NPN
!PNP
Hnh 8.21
Mch in a) dng transistor quang lp Darlington vi transistor cng sut iu khin rle RY. Khi c chiu sng transistor quang dn lm transistor cng sut dn cp in cho rle
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 34
1m 1N1183
RY
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
BI GING MN
IC
1N1183
!NPN
1 2 3
!NPN
6 5 4
c im:
in p cch in gia s cp v th cp (vi trm vn hng ngn vn) B ghp quang c th lm vic vi IDC hoc IAC c tn s cao in tr cch in gia s cp v th cp c tr s rt ln (vi chc Mvi trm M) i vi IDC H s truyn t dng in (IC/IF): vi chc % vi trm % tu loi b ghp quang
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 37
www.ptit.edu.vn
1N1183
BI GING MN
Phn th cp: Transistor loi Si. i vi b ghp quang transistor c 4 chn th transistor khng c cc B, trng hp b ghp quang transistor c 6 chn th cc B c ni ra ngoi (hv). B ghp quang khng c cc B c u im l h s truyn t ln, nhng c nhc im l n nh nhit km. Nu ni gia cc B v E mt in tr th cc b ghp quang transistor ny lm vic kh n nh vi nhit nhng h s truyn t b gim i.
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 38
BI GING MN
NDAR1
1
1N1183
6 5
2 3
1k
BI GING MN
1
2N1595
6 5 4
!PNP
1N1183
FD1 BP104S
!NPN
K
Trang 40
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
1N1183
T1
www.ptit.edu.vn GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1 Trang 41
BI GING MN
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
Trang 42
BI GING MN
+24V
1m 1N1183
RY
NDAR1
1N1183
Hnh 8.27
Trang 43
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1
BI GING MN
+12V
1N1183
~220V
Hnh 8.28
Trang 44
www.ptit.edu.vn
GING VIN: ThS. Trn Thc Linh B MN: K thut in t - KHOA KTT1