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Contents:
ABSTRACT:
This paper present a novel schematic for hybrid active power filter algorithum which is based on harmonic extraction.
INTRODUCTION :
WHAT IS LOAD ? Load is an output device. It uses the energy from power source.
Linear Loads :
A linear element in a power system is a component in which the current is proportional to the voltage.
In a non-linear load the current wave shape is not the same as the voltage.
How facts devices can be used : Based on following the facts devices can be used : Loads Harmonics Reactive power Voltage sag / voltage swell.
For:
Linear loads
Both loads
<Vol sag/swell
<Effect of har + Q
>-DVR.
>- DSTATCOM.
Both loads
>-UPFC
Harmonics:
Harmonics are sinusoidal component of a periodic wave having a frequency that is an integer multiple of fundamental frequency. Usually defined as periodic steady state distortions of voltage/current waveforms in power systems.
Contd
It is electric power pollution. When a non linear load draws the current that passes through all of the impedance that is between load and system impedance. As a result of the current flow harmonic voltages are produced.
Distorted sine waves associated with currents and voltages of different amplitude and frequency.
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Sources of harmonics
Solid state devices Rectifier circuits Thyristor switches High switching loads Short circuits of motors and generators
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Effects of harmonics
Equipment heating Equipment malfunctioning Equipment failure Communication interference Transformer over heating Effect on synchronous motor Effect on transmission lines
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Ratio of rms value of the harmonic components to the rms values of fundamental frequency
Vh2 THDV h2 V1
2 Ih THDI h2 I1
It is generally expressed in percentage. This will measure the deviation of harmonic wave from fundamental sin wave.
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Passive filters
Series Shunt
Load monitoring
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Filtering of harmonics that change in frequency and size is efficient Many harmonics can be filtered with one filter Rapid response and requires small space. The rating of active filter is less than passive filter for same load. It will not introduce system resonances that can move a harmonic from one frequency to another.
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Viable and cost-effective for low to medium kva industrial loads. Supply side inductance L does not affect the harmonic compensation capability of parallel active filter system. controlled as a harmonic current source and its controller implementation is simple. Performance, controlled as a harmonic current source is not affected by supply voltage harmonics.
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Ideal solution for the compensation of current harmonics generated by nonlinear loads;
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Ideal solution to perform voltage tasks: to eliminate voltage harmonics, to balance and regulate the terminal voltage of the load or line.
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Solution able to ensure satisfactory performance with not too large costs.
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Basic principle
Shunt active power filter generates a current equal and opposite in polarity to the harmonic current drawn by the load and injects it to the point of coupling there by forcing the source current to be pure sinusoidal.
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MATLAB/SIMULINK:
What is MATLAB? The name MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory. MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. What is SIMULINK? SIMULINK is a software package for modelling , simulating , and analysing dynamic systems.
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Simulation Results
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Contd
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Contd
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CONCLUSION :
Hence, this will conclude that it is necessary to detect and remove the harmonics by using the STF-CPC algorithms and hysteresis switching techniques.
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THANK YOU
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