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ROM I RAM Memorija
ROM I RAM Memorija
ROM I RAM Memorija
: R R
723/2011
R R
, 2012.
1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
1.1 ---------------------------------------------------7
2. R ---------------------------------------------------------------------10
3. R ---------------------------------------------------------------------14
3.1 R - --------------------------------------------------------------14
3.1.1 R (DR)--------------------------------------------14
3.1.2 R (SR)-----------------------------------------------21
3.2 --------------------------------------------------24
3.3 R --------------------------------------------------25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------27
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------28
.. 723/2011
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1.
1.
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1. [4]
,
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( 2).
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XX
.
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.
j ,
[4].
.. 723/2011
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3. [4]
,
, .
, (hard)
(flopy) .
: MOS, , CCD. XX
(CD),
.
1.1
.. 723/2011
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:
-
( = )
.
, .
:
-
,
-
(nonvolatile memory).
- R (Random Access Memory ,
).
R
(. , volatile memory)
[5].
R (Read Only Memory, ),
.
.. 723/2011
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PC
,
.
4. [5]
:
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; ,
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;
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6. / -
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.
R , , n m .
R 5.
5. R
R 2 n m . n
0, 1, 2, ..., n-1.
.. 723/2011
10
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(w) ,
D0, D1, ..., Dm-1.
R : .
R
. BIOS ,
R - -
PC
( ,
).
R
, R -
. R
- "
" , [4].
Mask
sk R read - only
, .
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.
.. 723/2011
11
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PROM
- ,
.
R - ,
PROM - o
.
EPROM
.
R ,
. EPROM
(UV)
20 - . .
EEPROM
EEPROM (Electroically
Erasable Prograable R - R
),
. EEPROM
- ()
(). ,
,
.
Flash
Flash ,
(eg. Flash - a)
. Flash
, EPROM - a EEPROM
- .
.. 723/2011
12
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EEPROM, Flash
. Flash
, EEPROM - a.
R ,
BIOS .
Flash BIOS - a
BIOS - a
[4].
3. R
.. 723/2011
13
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R PC . PC
R - . ( )
- . ,
.
3.1 R -
PC :
-
R (DR)
MOS .
R (SRAM)
.
3.1.1 R (DR)
DR , RDR
(Rmus), DDR SDRAM, SDR DR, HSDR (High Speed SDRAM),
SDR, VC SDRAM (Virtual Channel SDRAM), DRDR (Direct Rambus DRAM)
. .
FPM
R - D R - .
SIMM 2, 4, 8, 16 32 B.
60 70 ns.
.. 723/2011
14
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ECC RAM
R -
.
SDRAM
SDRAM CPU ,
:
CPU, .
64 168 DI .
6 - 12 ns. SDRAM
-
133 MHz
.
DDR R
Rus
DR
(RDR)
. Rabus
Rabus DR, RDR.
SDRAM
.. 723/2011
15
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SDRAM
SDRAM 32
DDR400
Corsair
6. SRAM [2]
. .
.. 723/2011
16
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7. DR [3]
7 DR 1
.
. (
) , ( )
.
, (B),
1, 0.
, [3].
, ,
, , .
1 0. ,
.
.. 723/2011
17
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DRAM -
.
, 1 0.
DR
( 8).
: ,
.
DR
DR / DR - .
8. DR
[5]
DR ,
.
.
, .
.
.. 723/2011
18
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DR
,
. latency
DR
.
,
.
, DR
, .
[5].
DR
.
.
DR .
(a 9).
.
.
.
.
.. 723/2011
19
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9. DRAM - [5]
SDRAM ( R)
Intel
100 MHz,
.
- DR,
SDRAM.
SDRAM .
(. brst )
. ,
,
.
-
,
.
.. 723/2011
20
R R
3.1.2 R (SRAM)
R
. ,
, ,
R .
R , R ,
. SR R
. , ,
.
, R
, [1].
.. 723/2011
21
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RAM ,
,
.
X .
/U, ,
UL X = 1 /U = 1.
X = 1 /U = 0.
SR le .
SR le D flip - flop .
SRAM (MC),
X [1].
.. 723/2011
22
R R
11. SR - [4]
, .
PC
. /
,
. ,
.
/ ,
.
,
. ,
( )
-
[4].
12. [4]
.. 723/2011
23
R R
,
.
R - .
,
.
, .
,
R - .
[4].
3.2
SR - DR :
-
SR DR -
SR -
SR - DR :
-
SR DR -
SR DR - (
)
,
, SR DR,
SR . ,
32 B SRAM - ,
.. 723/2011
24
R R
DR . SRAM
, .
SR DR , R ,
, FR (ferroelectric random access memory). FR
.
, R
.
3.3 R
R .
, R
Kb , Gb
- . R
64 1024 b. ,
.
,
.
, , ,
.
, ,
mA . ,
, DR
.. 723/2011
25
R R
j .
DR
SR .
, ,
. , .
. ,
.
PC -
PC . ,
,
.
,
.
.. 723/2011
26
R R
.
.
1. , ., , ., " ",
, / , 1997.
2. w w w. t e k t r o n i x . c o m / m e m o r y, 2012.
3. William Stallings, Computer Organization and Architecture, Prentice Hall,
New Jersey, 2003.
4. http://www.seinarskirad.biz/seinarski/istorija-racunara.pdf, 2011.
5. ., . , ,
, 2005.
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27