The Potential of Biomass

Petroleum transitioned from a single product to a multi-product industry

Early 1900s

Late 1900s to Mid 2000s

Fuel gas LPG Gasoline Jet fuel Naptha Diesel fuel Lube oil Coke Fuel oil Asphalt Chemicals

Kerosene

Biomass for Energy will transition to a multi-product industry

Early 1900s and before Late 1900s
Heat Electricity Ethanol (corn) Charcoal
Biomass feedstocks can be altered to optimize the desired output

Mid 2000s
Chemicals Plastics Ethanol Biogas Heat Electricity Other fuels Charcoal

Heat

Source: DOE, U.S.

Canadian Energy Costs

Effective Space Heating Cost ($/KWh)

Effective Heating Cost ($/KWh) $0.140 $0.120 $0.100 $0.080 $0.060 $0.040 $0.020 $0.000 Electricity (Ottawa Dec., 2003) Wood Chopped Propane (Liquid) Fuel Oil Active Solar Wood Pellets

Fuel Type

Source : Menova Engineering, Ottawa

Foreshadowing Continued World Unrest?

Source IEA 2003 World Energy Investment Outlook

Energy Pricing Drives and is Driven by the Economy, Where is it Going??

Closing the Loop on Bio-Energy in Northern Climates

Electrical Energy $

The rma l En erg y

The rma l En erg y

District Heating Systems Green House

Winter Crop Production

Value Chains
The following charts describe various current and future value chains for chemical and thermal conversion technologies and bioprocess (green chemistry) technologies.

Biodiesel Value Chains

Presscake for animal feed Glycerine to soap industry

OILSEEDS

Extraction of oil by mechanical crushing or solvent extraction

Esterification in the presence of an alkaline catalyst at 50C

Separation and purification of methyl esters

BIODIESEL

ETHANOL

Electricity

WOOD OR STRAW

Gasification to synthesis gas (H2, CO)

Catalytic conversion to liquid fuel in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor

BIODIESEL

Source: International Resource Costs of Biodiesel and Bioethanol, UK Department of Transport

Biofuels Value Chain

Enzyme Technologies Separations Advanced Fermentation Purification Rapid Thermal Processing

Feedstock

Biomass Corn Wheat Straw Plantation crops Wood Waste organic materials Ethanol Organic fertilizer Byproducts Electricity Animal Feed Biomaterials

Processing Technologies

Science & Genomics

Bioproduct Markets

Distribution & Handling

Bioethanol Value Chains

Byproduct chemicals e.g. furfural Lignin Electricity

WOODCHIPS OR STRAW

Acid hydrolysis

Enzymic fermentation

BIOETHANOL

ACIDS

ENZYMES

Co-products to animal feeds

Lignin

Electricity

WHEAT

Malting process

Fermentation

Distillation

BIOETHANOL

YEAST

Source: International Resource Costs of Biodiesel and Bioethanol, UK Department of Transport

Bioethanol Value Chains

ENZYM ES C o r n g lu t e n m e a l, c o r n g lu t e n f e e d o r c o r n o il W e t m illin g t o b r e a k d o w n sta rch e s to su g a rs CORN OR D r y m illin g t o b r e a k d o w n sta rch e s to su g a rs YEAST ENZYM ES D is t ille r s g r a in s a n d s o lu b le s ( D G S ) F e r m e n t a t io n B IO E T H A N O L

Lignin

Electricity

WOODCHIPS OR STRAW

Enzymic hydrolysis

Enzymic fermentation

BIOETHANOL

ENZYMES

ENZYMES

Source: International Resource Costs of Biodiesel and Bioethanol, UK Department of Transport

Combustion & Thermal Generic Value Chain

Oilseeds Combustion Gasification Solvent Extraction (Bioiesel) Rapid Thermal Processing Fisher-Tropsch Reactor Separations Catalysis Purification Microwave synthesis Straw Wood Residual Animals

Feedstock

Fish Waste Waste Cooking Oils Biodiesel

Processing Technologies

Science & Genomics

Bioproduct Markets

Press Cake for Animal Feed Glycerin for Soap New Advanced Materials

Distribution & Handling

Bioprocess Generic Value Chain

Virgin crops Bioprocesses Fermentation Anaerobic Digestion Enzymes Wet Milling Dry Milling Acid Hydrolysis Malting Processes Residual Plants Residual Animals Marine Biomass

Feedstock

Municipal Solid Waste Biomaterials Bioenergy Biochemicals Health Products Environmental Products

Processing Technologies

Science & Genomics

Bioproduct Markets

Distribution & Handling