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    The Niche Axes: North America, Northern Latitudes 20 KM Home Range

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    Riley Benoit
    The document discusses ecological niches and species interactions. It defines the niche as an n-dimensional hypervolume describing the physical and biological factors defining a species' activity range. It provides examples of generalist species that occupy a wide range of habitats versus specialist species requiring very specific habitat conditions. The document also summarizes a study on snowshoe hare population cycles, finding their densities and reproduction rates vary with food availability and predation levels. Species interactions discussed include predation, commensalism, mutualism, competition, and parasitism.

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    The Niche Axes: North America, Northern Latitudes 20 KM Home Range

    Uploaded by

    Riley Benoit
    14 views4 pages
    The document discusses ecological niches and species interactions. It defines the niche as an n-dimensional hypervolume describing the physical and biological factors defining a species' activity range. It provides examples of generalist species that occupy a wide range of habitats versus specialist species requiring very specific habitat conditions. The document also summarizes a study on snowshoe hare population cycles, finding their densities and reproduction rates vary with food availability and predation levels. Species interactions discussed include predation, commensalism, mutualism, competition, and parasitism.

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    The document discusses ecological niches and species interactions. It defines the niche as an n-dimensional hypervolume describing the physical and biological factors defining a species' activity range. It provides examples of generalist species that occupy a wide range of habitats versus specialist species requiring very specific habitat conditions. The document also summarizes a study on snowshoe hare population cycles, finding their densities and reproduction rates vary with food availability and predation levels. Species interactions discussed include predation, commensalism, mutualism, competition, and parasitism.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views4 pages

    The Niche Axes: North America, Northern Latitudes 20 KM Home Range

    Uploaded by

    Riley Benoit
    The document discusses ecological niches and species interactions. It defines the niche as an n-dimensional hypervolume describing the physical and biological factors defining a species' activity range. It provides examples of generalist species that occupy a wide range of habitats versus specialist species requiring very specific habitat conditions. The document also summarizes a study on snowshoe hare population cycles, finding their densities and reproduction rates vary with food availability and predation levels. Species interactions discussed include predation, commensalism, mutualism, competition, and parasitism.

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    of 4

    9/13/2013

    The niche
    Physical G. E. Hutchinson Ideally, one can describe the activity range of each species along every dimension of the environment, including both physical and biological factors The niche is an n-dimensional hypervolume
    Temperature Salinity Humidity

    Axes

    Biological
    Food habits Reproductive habitats Habitat structure

    Social/Dimensional
    Home range size Territory size Breeding system

    North America, northern latitudes 20 km2 home range

    Generalists vs. Specialists


    Primarily conifers Hollow trees, reproduction Nocturnal + diurnal

    Porcupines, Snowshoe hare

    American Robin classic generalist, uses suburban lawns to old growth coniferous forests, eats worms, insects, berries Red-cockaded Woodpecker classic specialists, requires longleaf pine > 50 yrs old, limited understory

    Fisher

    Species interactions
    Predation Commensalism
    Remora Cattle Egret

    Mutualism
    Pollinators Seed dispersers

    Competition Parasitism
    Saunders 1973

    9/13/2013

    Design of Krebs experiment

    Population cycles
    Snowshoe hare
    Density 0.1-8 hares/hectare Fecundity 0-16 hares/female/year All mortality due to predation during decline Juvenile mortality pre-peak Adult mortality post-peak Chronic stress during decline
    Increased food Decreased predators

    Increased food + Decreased predators

    Control

    Reproductive rates vary with density, food, and predation


    Survival varies across phases of the hare cycle
    Data from Krebs et al. 1995, Science 269:1112-1115.
    Data from Krebs et al. 1995, Science 269:1112-1115.

    9/13/2013

    Hares increase 2x

    Hares increase 3x

    Hares increase 11x

    Data from Krebs et al. 1995, Science 269:1112-1115

    Stenseth et al 1997, Ecology

    Stenseth et al 1997, Ecology

    Species Interactions

    Species Interactions

    1. Direct interaction 2. Indirect interaction


    1. Trophic Cascades

    McLaren and Peterson, 1994.

    McLaren and Peterson, 1994.

    9/13/2013

    From SUNY Buffalo case study collection

    1994 Am. Assoc. Adv. Science

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