Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 23

www.Padasalai.

Net

tuyhW
gd;dpnuz;lhk; tFg;G

gs;spf; fy;tpj; Jiw fpU\;zfphp khtl;lk; nghJj; Njh;T rpwg;Gf; ifNaL 2012-2013

ntspaPL khtl;l Kjd;ikf; fy;tp mYtyh; fpU\;zfphp

www.Padasalai.Net

Nky;epiy nghJ Njh;Tf;fhf 2012-13 +2 tuyhW


Njh;T nra;aggl;l tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilf;Fwpg;GfSk;

,e;jpa tuyhW -xU kjpg;ngz; tpdh

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f:

1. gpshrpg; Nghh; eilg;ngw;w Mz;L m) 1757 M)1764 ,)1772 <)1777 2. ,uz;lhk; ik#h; Nghiu KbTf;F nfhz;L te;j cld;gbf;if m) rhy;gha; M) kq;fSh; ,) Gue;jh; <) ik#h; 3. fhud;thyp];gpuG mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ m) kfy;thhp Kiw M) epiyahd epythpj;jpl;lk; ,),uaj;JthhpKiw <) [hfPhj ; hhp Kiw 4. 1798-y; nty;ny];]p gpuGtpd; Jizg;gilj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L tug;gl;l Kjy;ehL m)mNahj;jp M)jQ;rhTh; ,)Ruj; <) i`juhghj; 5. N`];bq;]; gpuT Neghsj;jpd; kPJNghh; njhLj;j Mz;L m)1814 M) 1815 ,)1816 <) 1817 6. ,e;jpahtpy; Mq;fpyk; Ml;rp nkhopahf Vw;fg;gl;l Mz;L m)1833 M) 1835 ,)1837 <) 1839 7 rhjp tof;fk; ,tuJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; xopf;fg;gl;lJ m)thud; N`];bq;]; M)fhuthyp]; gpuG ,) nty;ny];]p gpuG <)tpy;ypak; ngz;bq; gpuG 8. ly;n`y;rp gpuG gQ;rhig ,izj;Jf; nfhz;l Mz;L m)1839 M)1849 ,) 1853 <)1856 9. ve;jkfhz Ml;rpf;F yhud;]; rNhfjuh;fs; Nritahw;wpdhh;fs; m) gh;kh M)gQrhg; m) tq;fshk; <) ik#h; 10 epiyahd epythpj;jpl;lj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; m)fhud;thyp]; gpuG M) nty;ny];]pgpuG ,) tpy;ypak; ngz;bq;gpuG <) ly;n`];]pgpuG

www.Padasalai.Net 11.N[hdhjd; lq;fd; tlnkhopf; fy;Yhpia epWtpa ,lk; m)nrd;id M)gk;gha; ,)fy;fj;jh <) gdhu]; 12tpjitfs; kWkz rl;lk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l Mz;L m)1846 M)1856 ,)1870 <)1891 13ney; fl;Lk; nrty; gFjpia ifg;gw;wparh; m)fh;dy; iwuhd; M) fh;dy; Nfk;gy; ,) fhypd; [hf;rd; <)Gypj;Njth; 14.fnyf;lh; [hd;rd; fl;lnkhk;kid te;J re;jpf;f nrhd;d ,lk; m)kJiu M) ghQrhypf; Fwpr;rp ,)uhkzhjGuk; <) =tpy;yp GJ;Jhh; 15. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; NtYh; fygj;jpw;fhd fhuzk; vJ m)thhpR ,of;Fk; nfhs;if M)fg;gk; t#ypj;jdh; ,) gphpl;b\; Ml;rpapd; nghUshjhu Ruz;ly; 16.gpd;tUgth;fspy; 1857 Mk; Mz;L fyfj;jij Kjy; ,e;jpa tpLjiyg;Nghh; vd;W fUjpath; ahh;? tPurthh;fs; 17.gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; 1857 Mk; Mz;L fyfj;jpw;F cldb fhuzkhf ,Ue;j epfo;r;rp vJ nfhKg;G jltg;gl;l Jg;ghf;fp Njhl;lhf;fs; 18. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; it];uha; fhdpq; gpuG 19. ehl;Lnkhop nra;jpjhs; rl;lk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l Mz;L 1878 20. gpk;k rkh[k; epWtg;gl;l Mz;L 1828 21.gpd;tUgth;fspy; mypfhh; ,af;fj;ij njhlq;fpath; ahh;? rhh; iraJ mfkJfhd; 22.rj;jpa Qhdrig epWtg;gl;l ,lk;? tlYhh; 23. ,e;epa Njrpa fhq;fpuir Njhw;Wtpj;jth;

www.Padasalai.Net V.x.`Pak; 24.gpd;tUgth;fspy; kpjthjpfd; jiytuhf ,y;yhjth; ahh;? ghyfq;fhju 25. gpd;tUtdw;Ws; jPtputhjk; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd fhuzk; ,y;yhjJ vJ? ,y;gh;l; kNrhjh 26 K];yPk; yPf; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L 1906 27.Nflh rj;ahfpufj;jij fhe;jp ahiu Mjhpg;gjw;fhf njhlq;fpdhh;? Fbahdth;fs; 28.nrshpnrsuh epfo;r;rp eilngw;w Mz;L 1922 29.,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpurpd; Kjy; khehl;by; Kjy; jPhk ; hdj;ij nfhz;L te;jth;? [p;Rg;ukzpa ma;ah; 30.Ntjhuz;ak; cg;G rj;ahfpufj;jpw;F jiyikNaw;wth; uh[h[p 31.njd;dpe;jpa ey chpikr; rq;fk; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l 1916 32. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; nghpahh; njhlq;fhj gj;jphpf;if vJ? Rauh[;ah 33. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; 1858-Mk; Mz;L ,e;jpa muR rl;lj;jpd; \uj;J vJ? 15 cWg;gpdh;fs; nfhz;l ,e;jpah fTd;rpy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ 34. rl;lkd;wq;fSf;fhd Njh;jiy rl;lg+h;tkhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;l rl;lk; vJ? 1909-Mk; Mz;L rl;lk; 35.gpd;tUtgh;fspy; murpayikg;Gf; FKtpw;F jiytuhf ,Ue;jth; ahh;? lhf;lh; uhN[e;jpu gprhj; 36.,e;jpa xd;wpaj;jpy; Nru kWj;j muR i`juhghj;

www.Padasalai.Net 37.Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpy; fhq;fpu]; my;yhj Kjy; mikr;ruitf;F jiyikNaw;wth; nkhuh[pNjrha; 38.KjyhtJ ,e;jpa njhopy; El;g fofk; Jtq;fg;gl;l ,lk;? fuf;g+h;

cyf tuyhW
1.Md;Nlhkd; JUf;fpath;fs; fhd;];lhd;b Nehgpidf; ifg;gw;wpa Mz;L 1453
2. gpd;tUgth;fspd; etPd mwptpaypd; je;ij vd;W fUjg;gLth; gpuhd;rp]; Ngfd; 3.nkbuh kw;Wk; mNrhfh; jPTfis fz;Lbj;jhh; n`d;wp 4. . gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ kWkyh;r;rpf;fhd fhuzk; ,y;iy [Nuhg;ghtpy; Njrpa-muRfs; Njhd;wpaJ 5.rkarPhj ; pUj;j ,af;fj;jpd; tpbnts;sp vdf; fUjg;gLgth; [hd; itf;spg; 6.gpujp epjpj;jJk; ,y;iyNay; thpapy;iy vd;w Kof;Fk; ve;j ehl;by; eilngw;w Gul;rpapd;NghJ vKg;gl;lJ? mnkhpf;fh 7.nghJ mwpT vd;Dk; Ehypd; Mrphpah;? jhk];nga;d; 8.1789Mk; Mz;L gpul;rpapd; NghJ gpuhd;rpd; kd;dh; gjpndhwk; Yap 9.gaph;Row;rp Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; lTd;n`z;ll 10. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Fbngah;e;Njhh; FbNaw;wk; vJ? 13 mnkhpf;fff;FbNaw;wq;fs;

www.Padasalai.Net 11.u\;ahtpy; Nghy;\;tpf; fl;rpf;F jiyikNaw;wth; nydpd; 12 gd;dhl;Lf; fofk; cUthff; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jth; cl;Nuhtpy;rd; 13.KNrhyp ntspapll;l gj;jphpf;if mte;jp 14.Njrpa Nrh\yp];L fl;rpia epWtpath; `pl;yh; 15.[g;ghd; ngh;y; JiwKfj;jpd; kPJ jhf;Fjy; nfhLj;j Mz;L 1941 16. Mrpahtpd; Nehahsp vd;W fUjg;gl;lJ rPdh 17.Kjy; mgpdpy; Nghiu KbTf;F nfhz;Lte;j cld;gbf;if ehd;fpq; 18.[.eh.rigapd; liyikaplk; mike;Js;sJ epa+ahh;f; 19.nfLgpbg;Nghh; vDk; nrhy;iy Kjypy; gad;gLj;jpath; ngh;dhh;l;gNuhr; 20. gd;dhl;L thzpg mikg;ig cUthf;f fhuzkhapUe;jJ gphpl;ld;-Tl;]; khehL

,e;jpa

tuyhW

Nfhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf


1.tq;fhsj;jpy; ,ul;ilahl;rpia mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; ,uhgh;l; fpist; 2.i`jh; myp kiwe;j Mz;L 1782

www.Padasalai.Net

3.fhud;thyp]; gpuG jdJ rf gzpahsuhd [hh;[;ghh;Nyh JizAld; rl;lj;njhFg;ig cUthf;fpdhh; 4.ehd;fhk; ik#h; Nghh; eilngw;w Mz;L 1799 5. rpe;jpah gphpl;b\hUld; nra;Jnfhz;L Jizg;gilj;jpl;l cld;gbf;ifapd; ngah; Rh;[p mh;[Pd;fhd; 6.1768y; N efghsk; xU tpypikkpf;f $h;f;fh ehlhf vKr;rp ngw;wJ 7.*d;whk; ghdpg;gl;Lg; Nghh; eilngw;w Mz;L 1761 8.NtYhh; rpg;gha; fofk; Njhd;wpa Mz;L 1806 9.uhtZj; Jiwapy; tpy;ypak; ngz;bq; gpuG ,ul;ilgb Kiwia uj;J nra;jhh; 10. gk;gha; jhzhit ,izj;J Kjy; uapy;ghij jpwf;fg;gl;l Mz;L 1853 11.etPd mQ;ry; Kiwia njhlq;fp itj;jth; ly;n`rp 12.kfy;thhp Kiwapd; fPo; epythpj;jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gil myF fpuhkk;(m)xhpUfpuhkq;fs; 13.rhujh rl;lk; ngz;fspd; jpUkzj;jpw;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r taij Mz;Lfshf cah;j;jpaJ 14 14.`plhfhhpzp rigia mikj;jth; Dr.mk;Ngj;fh; 15.nkf;fhNytpd; Fwpg;G ntspaplg;gl;l Mz;L 1835 16.tPughz;b fl;lnkhkkdpd; je;ij ngah; [ftPh; ghz;bad; 17.fl;lnghk;kd; Jhf;fpyplg;gl;l ,lk; ifaj;jhW 18.ghQrhyFwpr;rp kPJ gilnaLj;j jsgjp ghdh;Nkd; 19.NtYhh; Nfhl;ilapd;,uhZtj; jsgjp [py;ny];gp 20.Nk[h;$l;ly; Nfhl;ilf;F ntspNa ,Ue;Jnfhz;L ,uhg;Ngl;ilf;F nrd;W cjtpia ehbdhh; 21.ghuf;g+hpy; njhFg;G jltpa Jg;ghf;fp Njhl;lhf;fis gad;gLj;j kWj;j rpg;gha; kq;fs;ghz;Nl 22.Nguurpapd; mwpf;ifia fhdpq; gpuG myfhghj; vDk; ,lj;jpy; gbj;jhh; 23.KjyhtJ gQ;r epthuzf;FK epr;rh;L];l;Nuhr;rp

www.Padasalai.Net

24.,e;jpag; gy;fiyf;foaq;fs; rl;lk; epiwNw;wg;gl;;l Mz;L 1904 25.,uh[h uhk; Nkhfd; uha; njhlq;fpa tq;fhs gj;jphpif rk;thj;nfsKjp 26.Rthp jahde;j ru];tjp vKjpa Ehy; rj;ahh;j;jgpufh\; 27.rj;a Nrhjf; rkh[j;ij epWtpath; N[hjpgh Nfhtpe;jhg+Ny 28.,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; Kjy; khehL eilngw;w ,lk; Kk;ig 29.gphpl;\; nghJkf;fs; rigapy; cWg;gpduhd Kjy; ,e;jpah; jhjhgha; nesNuh[p 30.#uj;jpy; ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; gpsTgl;l Mz;L 1907 31.md;dp ngrd;l;mk;ikh; jd;dhl;rp ,af;fj;ij nrd;id ,lj;jpy; njhlq;fpdhh; 32.ghujkhjh rq;fj;ij Njhw;Wtpj;jth; ePyfz;l gpuk;kr;rhujp 33.nusyl; rl;lk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l Mz;L 1919 34.KKr; Rje;jpuk; gw;wpa jPh;khdk; ,aw;wg;gl;l ,lk; yh$h; 35. tFg;G thhp nfhilia mwptpj;j gphpl;\; gpujk;h; uhk;Nr nkf;nlhdhy;l; 36.nrd;id rNjrp rq;fk; epWtg;gl;l Mz;L 1852 37. rNjrp ePuhtp fg;gy; fk;ngdpia njhlq;fpath; t.c.rp 38.,e;J rka mwepiyia rl;lk; nrk;];Nghh;L it];uhahf ,Ue;jNghJ epiwNtw;wg;gl;l Mz;L 1921 39. 1919 k; Mz;L muR rl;lk; nrk;];Nghh;L it];uhahf ,Ue;jNghJ epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. 40. 1935 k; Mz;L ,e;jpa muR rl;lk; khfhzq;fspy; khfhz Rahl;rp [ mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ 41.jiyik MSehpd; eph;thff; FKtpy; ,lk;ngw;w Kjy; ,e;jpa rl;l cWg;gpdh; v];.gp.rpd;`h 42.,e;jpahtpd; ,Uk;G kdpjh; ty;ygha; gl;Nly; 43.Me;jpuh khepyk; cUthf;fg;gl;l Mz;L 1953 44.etPd ,e;jpahtpd; rpw;gp vdf; fUjg;gLth; [t`h;yhy; NeU 45.Gjpa fy;tpf; nfhs;isia mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; uh[Pt;fhe;jp

www.Padasalai.Net

46.cztpy; jd;dpiwit miltij Nehf;fkhfg; nfhz;L gRikg;Gul;rp njh;q;fg;gl;lJ. 47. ghgh mZ Ma;T ikak; mike;Js;s ,lk; buhk;Ngap 48.gq;fshNj\; ehL cUthd Mz;L 1921

cyf tuyhW
49.nghf;fhrpNah ngl;uhh;f;d; rPluhthh; 50.,sturd; vd;w murpay; mwptpay; Ehiy vKjpath; khf;fpaty;yp 51.njhiyNehf;fpia fz;lwpe;jth; fypypNah 52.th];Nfhlfhkh ,e;jpahit nrd;W mile;j Mz;L1498 53.fdlhit fz;Lgpbj;jth; N[f;f]; fhh;l;bath; 54.,NaR rigia epWtpath; ,f;Nd\pa]; yNahyh 55.n[dpth gy;fiyf;fofj;jij Njhw;Wtpj;jth; [hd; fhy;tpd; 56.mnkhpf;f tpLjiyg;Nghh; ghhp]; cld;gbf;ifg;gb KbTf;F te;jJ 57.Vohz;Lg;Nghh; epiwtile;j Mz;L 1763 58.mnkhpf;f tpLjiyg;Nghh; ghhp]; cld;gbf;ifg;gb KbTf;F te;jJ 59.rKf xg;ge;jk; vd;w Ehypd; Mrpah; &Nrh 60.];Nll]; n[duypd; KjyhtJ gphpT cah; Fbapdh; gphpjpepjpfisf; nfhz;lJ 61.mnyf;]he;jh; fp`hk;ngy; njhiyNgrp fz;lwpe;jhh; 62.kpd;rhu tpsf;if fz;lwpe;jth; jhk]; My;tvbrd; 63.%d;W Nguurh;fs; fofj;ij mikj;jth; gp];khh;f; 64.ngh;ypd; khehL $l;lg;gl;l Mz;L 1828 65.u\;a Nrh\ypr [dehaff; fl;rpia mikaj;jth; [hh;[; gpsf;Ndht; 66.Nrhtpaj; Nrh\yp];L $l;l ; R mikf;fg;gl;;l Mz;L 1922 67.gd;dhl;Lf; fofk; epWtg;gl;l Mz;L 1920 68.ghrprk; vd;gJ KNrhypdp vd;gtuhJ nfhs;isahFk;

www.Padasalai.Net

69.Nuhk;-ngh;ypd; -Nlhf;fpNah mr;R cUthdMz;L 1937 70.mnkhpf;fh `pNuh]pkh kPJ mZFz;il tPrpa ehs; 1945 Mf];L 6 71.grpgpf; gFjpapd; jiyikj; jsgjp ikf;Mh;jh; 72.Nfhkpd;lhq; fl;rpia epEtpath; Dr.rd;ahl;rd; 73.rhd;gpuhd;rp];Nfh mikjp cld;gbf;if nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;l Mz;L1951 74.[.eh.rig mikf;fg;gl;l ehs; 1945 mf;Nlhgh; 24 75. .[.eh.rigapd; ePjpj;Jiw jpN`f; 76.MAjf; Fiwg;G xg;ge;jk; ifnaKj;jhd Mz;L 1972 77.cyf th;j;jf ikaj;jpd; ,ul;ilf; NfhGuq;fs; jhf;fg;gl;l Mz;L 2001 nrg;lk;gh;11 78.cyf th;j;jf ikaj;jpd; jiylkaplk; cs;sJ n[dpth

,e;jpa tuyhW
nghUj;Jf 1 1.gpuhd;rp]; Nl 2.rjh; jpthdp mjhyj; 3.`gp]; u`;kj;fhd; 4.fl;Lg;ghl;L thhpak; nghUj;Jf 2: 1.%th; $l;lzp - 1789 - Gdpj [hh;[; Nfhl;il - rptpy; ePjpkd;wk; - Nuhfpy; fz;l; - gpl; ,e;jpa rl;lk;

2.=uq;fg;gl;bdk; cld;gbf;if - 1792 3.kq;fSh; cld;gbf;if -1784 4.gpl;,e;jpa jpUj;jr; rl;lk; -1784 nghUj;Jf 3: 1.%d;whk; fpU\;zuh[h kuhl;bah;

www.Padasalai.Net

2.ruNgh[p 3.ehdh ghl;dhtp]; 4. ckhjj;-cy;-ckhuh nghUj;Jf 4: 1.mkh;rpq; jhgh 2.fhPk;fhd; 3.rh;jhk]; kd;Nwh 4.rkhr;rhh; jh;gd; nghUj;Jf 5: 1.nkf;fhNy gpuG 2.tPruh[h 3.tpy;ypak; rPypNkd; 4.,uQ;rpj; rpq; nghUj;Jf 6: 1. Tl; mwpf;if

-- jQ;rht+h; -- kuhl;bah; --fh;ehlfk;

- Neghs jsgjp - gpz;lhhpfs; - uaj;Jthhp Kiw - tq;fsh thu ,jo;

- rl;l cWg;gpdh; - $h;f; - jf;fh;fs; -gQ;rhg;

- 1857

2. ,uz;lhk; gh;kpag;Nghh; - 1852 3. mNahj;jp ,izg;G - 1856 4. nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofk; epWtg;gLjy;-1857 nghUj;Jf 7: 1.k];ypd; - lhf;fh 2.gl;L - gdhu];

3.fk;gs tphpg;Gfs; - yh$h; 4.cNyhf Njitg;gLfs; - jQ;rht+h; nghUj;Jf 8: 1.`hp[d; Nrtf; rq;fk; -kfhj;kh fhe;jp

www.Padasalai.Net

2.rj;a Nrhjf; rkh[k;

- N[hjpuht; g+Ny ehuhazFU

3. ehuhaz jh;kh- ghpghyd Nahfk; - ehuhazFU mk;Ngj;fh; 4.Rakhpahij ,af;fk; - nghpahh; <.nt.uh - mk;Ngj;fh;

5.mfpy ghujp jypj; th;ff ; rig nghUj;Jf 9: 1.kUJ ghz;bah; - rptfq;if 2.Nfhghy; ehaf;fh; - jpz;Lf;fy; 3.Nfus th;kh - kyghh;

4. fpU\;zg;g ehaf;fh; - ik#h; 5.Gypj; Njth; - ney;fl;Lkl nrty;

nghUj;Jf 10 1.gNji`jh; - jpg;Gtpd; kfd;

2.fh;dy; ghd;Nfhh;l; - fyfj;jpy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh; 3.tpy;ypak; ngz;bq; - nrd;id MSeh; 4.fh;dy; [py;ny];kp - fyfj;ij mlf;fpath; nghUj;Jf 11

1.nly;ypjh;ghh; 2.,y;gh;l; kNrhjh rpf;fy; 3.,e;jpa rq;fk;

- tpl;ld; gpuG - hpg;gd; gpuG -v];.vd;.ghdh;

4.nry;tr; Ruz;ly; Nfhl;ghL - jhjhgha; nesNhj 5.,e;jpag; gzpahsh; rq;fk; nghUj;Jf 12 1.Nfrhp yhyhtgjp uha; - Nfhghy fpU\;z NfhNfhNy

www.Padasalai.Net

2. gQrhgpd; rpq;fk; - ghyfq;fhjuh; jpyfh; 3. rypKy;yhfhd; 4. mgpeg ghuj; 5. fhjh; fl;rp nghUj;Jf 13 1.[hypd; thyhghf; gLf;nfhiy 2.Rauh[; fl;rp 3.jz;b ahj;jpiu 4.g+dh xg;ge;jk; 5.fhe;jp ,h;tpd; xg;e;jk; nghUj;Jf 14 1.Rg;ukzpak; ghujp 2.md;dpngrd;l; mk;ikahh; 3.[p.Rg;gpukzpa ma;ah; 4.gp.mde;jh rhUY nghUj;Jf 15 1.,l xJf;fpl;L murhid 2.gzpahsh; Njh;Tf;FK -1921 -1924 - ,e;jpah - epa+ ,e;jpah - RNjrkpj;jd; - nrd;id kfh[d rq;fk; -1919 - 1923 - 1930 - 1932 - 1931 - K];ypk; - yhyht[gjp - kfhuh\;buk;

3.njhopw;rhiyfSf;F cjtp toq;Fk; nrd;id murpd; rl;lk; -1922 4.mz;zhkiy gy;fiyf;fofk; - 1929 nghUj;Jf 16

cyf tuyhW 1.uh[h `hprpq;


3.tp.gp.rpq; - mtru epiy Ml;rp-2

2. ,e;jpuh fhe;jp - mZrf;fp fofk; -4 - v];.Mh; x -5

www.Padasalai.Net

4.N`hkp N[.ghh -fh\;kPh;-1

5.tpf;uk; rhuhgha; - kz;ly FK


nghUj;Jf 17 1.,Wjp tpUe;J - ikf;Nfy; MQrNyh2 2.,Wjpj; jPhg ; ;G - nrgh];bzd; gpuhz;l;5 3.khNlhd;dh 4.cNlhgpah - rh;jhk]; %h;4 - ypahdhh;Nlh lhtpd;rp1 - uNgy;3

5.Kl;lhs;fspd; fg;gy;

nghUj;Jf 18 1.ghh;j;jNyhkpNah lay; - g`hkhj; jPTfs;2 2.nfhyk;f]; 3.mnkhpf;Nfh nt];Gfp 4.[hd; Nfgl; nghUj;Jf 19 1.khh;l;bd; Yjh; 2.cy;hpr; ];tpq;sp - gpjhd;];3 - ];ngapd; -4 - epa+ gTz;l;yhe;J-4 - Gay; Kid-1 - mnkhpf;fh-3

3. ,f;Nd\pay; tNahNyh- ,q;fpyhe;J-5 4.[hd; fhy;tpd; 5.[hd; itf;spg; nghUj;Jf 20 1.Kj;jpiuj;jhs; rl;lk; -1764-2 2.rh;fiur; rl;lk; - 1765 3.gh];ld; NjePh; tpUe;J -1767 4.lTd;n`z;l; rl;lq;fs; - 1773 - n[h;kd; 1 - ];tpl;rh;yhe;J2

www.Padasalai.Net

nghUj;Jf 21 1.gwf;Fk; ehlh - `hh;fphPt;];-2 2.Ew;Fk; n[d;dp - vypahy; N`hNt-4 3.tpirj;jwp - [hd;Nf1 4.ijay; ,ae;jpuk;-N[k;]; thl;-5 5.ePuhtp ,ae;jpuk;- fhh;l;iul; nghUj;Jf 22 1.nth;Nry;]; cld;gbf;if - M];jphpah -`q;Nfhp-2 2.nrapd; n[h;kd; cld;gbf;if 3.nrt;uy; cld;gbf;if 4.epa+yp cld;gbf;if nghUj;Jf 23 1.rhu epf;Nfhy]; - jq;Nfhypf murhq;fk;-4 2.nre;QhapW - nyypd;-3 3.Vg;uy; thf;FWjpfs; -1905-2 4nfud;];L-Nuhkhdht; tklrk;-1 nghUj;Jf 24 1.gd;dhl;L ePjpkd;wk; -nrh;GjPT 3 2. gd;dhl;L fofj;jpd; jiyikaplk; -jPN`f;-2 3.,j;jhyp Juf;fp kw;Wk; <uhf;4 4.Nkhry; NfhL - n[dpth-1 nghUj;Jf 25 1.yz;ld; cld;gbf;if -1917-4 2.ghrpr; fl;rp- 1932-3 -JUf;fp-2

-n[h;kdp-1 -gy;Nfhpah-4

www.Padasalai.Net

3.MAjf; Fiwg;G khehL -1915-1 4.Nghy;\;tpf; Gul;rp -1919-2 nghUj;Jf 26 1.KNrhypdp - [g;ghd; gilnaLg;G-2 2.kQ;#hpah - ehrprk;-4 3.jsgjp nkf; Mh;jh; -f=ghrprk;-1 4.`pl;yh; -grpgpf; gFjpapd; jiyik jsgjp-3 nghUj;Jf 27 1.`q;-rpA rhd; - gz;ghl;Lg; Gul;rp-3 2.lhf;lh; rd;ahl;nrd; -[g;ghdpag; Nguurh;-5 3.khNr Jq; - nka;[p Kd;dpiykPl;rp-4 4.fk;Nkhlh; nghh; -rPdhtpd; tpnts;sp-2 5.`pNu `Pl;Nlh - ijg;gpq; fyfk;-1 nghUj;Jf 28 1.[.eh.rhrdk; -1956-2 2.Ra]; rpf;fy; -1960-3 3.irg;u]; rpf;fy; -1990-4 4.tisFlhg; Nghh; - 1945 -1 nghUj;Jf 29 1.Nel;Nlh - 1955-2 2.nrd;Nlh -1947-6 3.rPl;Nlh -1948-5

4.thh;rh xg;ge;jk; -1949-1 5.l;Nkd; Nfhl;ghL -1954-3 6.khh;ry; jpl;lk; -1955-4

www.Padasalai.Net

nghUj;Jf 30 1.Nfhh;g Nrt; -Rw;Wg;Gwr; Roy; ghjpg;G-4 2.,.,.rp - gpu];Nuhf;fpah-3

3.mZMAj guty; jil xg;ge;jk;-1958-1 4.ntg;g cah;T -mZ MAj Fiwg;G-2

rpWFwpg;G tiuf:1.,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; 2.jhjhgha; nesNuhrp 3.tq;fg; gphptpud 4.K];yPk; yPf; 5.yf;Ndh xg;ge;jk; 6.fpyhgj; ,af;fk; 7.jz;b ahj;jpiu 8.,e;jpa Njrpa uhZtk; 9.[p.Rg;ukzpa ma;ah; 10.,l xJf;fl P ;L murhiz 11.Nguurpapd; mwpf;if 12.gRik Gul;rp 13gQ;rrPyk; 14.ypahdhh;Nlh lhtpd;rp 15 khYkp n`d;wp 16 ngh;bdhz;l; nkfy;yd; 17.,NaR rig

www.Padasalai.Net

18. gh];ld; NjjPh; tpUe;J 19 .&Nrh

FWfpa tpil jUf:1.kpjthjpfspd; Nfhhpf;ifds; 2.RNjrp ,af;fj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; 3.[hypd; thyhghf; gLnfhiy 4.xj;Jioahik ,af;fj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jk; 5.Njrpa ,af;fj;jpy; t.c.rp.apd; gq;fpid gw;wp tphjpf;fTk; 6.ePjpf;fl;rpapd; fy;tp rPhj ; ;jpUj;jq;fis tpthp 7.,e;jpah murpayikg;gpd; rpwg;G $Wfis gw;wp tpthp 8.gpynly;gpah khehL gw;wp Fwpg;G tiuf 9.gpnuQ;Rg; Gul;rpf;F gpuhd;rpd; rpe;jidahsh;fs; gq;fspg;gpid Ma;f

5 kjpg;ngz;fs;
1.1857 Mk; Mz;L ngUq;fyfj;jpyd; tpisTfis Ma;f? 2.,uhkypq;f mbfspd; nfhs;iffis tpthp 3.,j;jhypapy; Njhd;wpajw;fhd fhuzq;fisf; $Wf

,e;jpa tuyhW rupah? jtwh? 1 Mq;fpyf; fof;fpe;jpa tzpff;FO 1600 Mk; Mz;L brk;gu; 31-k; ehs; epWtg;gl;lJ. rup 2 rhy;gha; cld;gbf;if thud; N`];bq;]; kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; khjtuht; MfpNahu;fSf;fpilNa nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. jtW

www.Padasalai.Net 3 kq;fSu; cldgbf;if Mq;fpNyaupd; gytPdj;ij ntspgBj;jpaJ. rup 4 fhud;thyp]; gpuG Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; Fw;wtpay; tof;Ffspy; ,e;J rkak; gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ. jtW 5 ru; [hd; N\hu; nty;ny];yp gpuGTf;F gpd; gjtpf;F te;jhu; - jtW 6 1802-y; ,uz;lhk; gh[puht; gfpd; cld;gbf;ifapy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhu; - rup 7 ehd;fhk; ikRu; NghUf;F gpd; jpg;Gtpd; FLk;gk; NTYu; Nfhl;ilf;F mDg;gg;gl;lJ. Rup 8 $u;fh NghUf;F gpwF fhj;khz;Ltpy; gpul;ld; Jhjiu epakpf;f $u;f;fu;fs; rk;kjpj;jdu;. jtW 9 jpupak;gf;[p ,uz;lhk; gpuGtpd; Kjyikr;ru; - rup 10 1838-y; tpy;ypak; ngd;bq; gpuG jiyik MSeuhf nghWg;G Vw;whu; - jtW 11 tpy;ypak; ngd;bq; gpuG fy;fj;jh kUj;Jtf;fy;Yhupia epWtpdhu; - rup 12 1850-y; x \hfd;dNr rk;gj;Jiwapd; Kf;fpa fz;fhzpg;ghsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhu; -jtW 13 1853-y; gk;gha;f;Fk; jhzhTf;Fk; ,ilNa ,uapy; Nghf;Ftuj;j Jtf;fg;gl;lJ. rup 14 thud; N`];bq;]; gpuG epyj;ij Vyj;Jf;F tpl;L Mz;Lf;Fj;jif Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpdu;> rup 15 G+ NtiyghLfSf;F gdhu]; Gfo;ngw;W tpsq;fpaJ. rup 16 ,e;jpa eud;fSf;F Vw;wthW fpo;fpe;jpa tzpff;FO jdJ Rq;ftupf;nfhs;iffis khw;wpaikj;jJ. 17 tud; N`];bq;]; gk;ghapy; xU kjurik epWtpdu;. jtW 18 Mq;fpy Mjuthsu;fs; Nkw;f;fj;jpa mwptpay; kw;Wk; ,yf;fpaq;fis Mq;fpy nkhop gapw;Wtpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W thjhbdhu;. rup 19 <];tu re;jpu tpj;ah rhfu; tpjit kWkzj;ij gpugyg;gLj;j gpur;rhuj;ij Nkw;f;nfhz;lhu; rup 20 jkpo; ehl;by; tp[a efu Ml;rp tpupT gLj;jg;gl;lNghJ ghisaf;fhuu; Kiw Njhd;wpaJ. 21 rptfpup ghisaf;fhuu; Mq;fpNyau; tzpff;FO fl;Lg;gl;bUe;jhu; rup 22 1801-y; CikJiu nrtj;ijah MfpNahupd; jiyfs; kJiuapy; Jz;bf;fg;gl;lJ. jtW 23 NtYhu; fyfj;ijg;gw;wp ,e;jpa rpg;ghahd K];jgh ngf; Kd; vr;rpupf;if nra;jhu; rup 24 NtYhu; fyfj;jpd; nghJ Mq;fpNya ,uhDt mjpfhupfs; xUtu; $l nfhy;yg;gltpy;iy jtW 25 ,uz;lhk; gfJhu; \h ifJ nra;ag;gl;L uq;$Df;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lhu; rup

www.Padasalai.Net 26 1806-y; Mz;L NtYu; rpg;gha; fyfk; 1857 k; fyfj;jpw;f;F xU Kd;Ndhbahff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. Rup 27 1857-Mk; Mz;L fyfk; ,e;J K];ypk;fspilNa gpuptpidia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. jtW 28 gpul;b\; gpujku; k];Nuyp > ypl;ld; gpuGit ,e;jpahtpd; it];uha;ahf epakpj;jhu; rup 29 ehl;L nkhop nra;jpj;jhs; rl;lk; ,e;jpa gj;jpupf;iffspd; Rje;jpuj;ij eRf;fpaJ. 30 Ntj fhyj;jpw;f;F jpUk;Gq;fs; vd;gJ Rthkp jahde;jh ru];tjpapd; nfhs;ifahFk;. Rup 31 ,uhkfpU\;zupd; cz;ikahd ngau; eNue;jpuehj;jj;jh jtW 32 <];tu re;jpu tpj;ahrhfu; tpjit kWkzj;ij vjpu;j;jhu;. rup 33 ,uhkypq;f mbfs; jpU mUl;ghit ,aw;wpdhu;. rup 34 ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpurpd; Kjy; jiytu; lGs;A+rp ghdu;[p. rup 35 tWikAk; ,e;jpahtpy; gpupl;b]; jd;ikaw;w MlrpAk; vd;w Ehiy v]; vd; ghdu;[p rup 36 ypl;ldJ Ml;rp ,e;jpahtpy; Njrpak; Njhd;w toptFj;jJ. Rup 37 1906 Kjy; 1916 tiuapyhd fhyk; kpjthj Njrpaf;fhyk; vdg;gLfpwJ. 38 fu;rd; gpuGtpd; gpw;Nghf;F nfhs;ifia jPtputhjpfspd; Ml;rpf;F cldb fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. 39 Rauh[;aj;ij gpwg;Gupikahf fUjp Kjypy; Nfhupf;if vOg;gpatu;fs; jPtuthjpfNs Mtu;. Rup 40 1905-y; mfpy ,e;jpa K];ypk; yPf; epWtg;gl;lJ. jtW 41 Kjy; cyfg;Nghupy; JUf;fp Njhw;wJ fpyhgj; ,af;fj;jpw;f;F fhuzkhFk; - rup 42 lhf;lu; mk;Nj;fhUf;Fk; gpupl;b\;f;Fk; ,ilNa Vw;gl;l xg;ge;jNk G+dh xg;ge;jk; vdg;gl;lJ. jtW 43 nrd;id khfhd rq;fk; ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpui] gykhf vjpu;j;jJ. jtW 44 ghuj khjh rq;fk; vd;gJ jkpo; ehl;by; nray;gl;l xU gul;rp ,af;fk;. Rup 45 ngupahu; < nt uh itf;fk; rj;jpahfpugj;ij njhlq;fpdhu; - rup 46 1937-y; fhkuh[; jiyikapy; fhq;fpu]; nrd;idapy; mikr;ruitia mikj;jJ. 47 ePjpf;fl;rp Ml;rp 13 Mz;LfSf;F ePbj;jJ. rup 48 ,ytr kw;Wk; fl;lhaf;fy;tpia ePjpf;fl;rp mwpKfk; nra;jJ. 49 1858 Mk; Mz;L rl;lk; ,e;jpahtpd; jiyik MSeiu ,e;jpahtpd; it];uha;ahf epakpj;jJ. Rup

www.Padasalai.Net 50 1861-k; Mz;L rl;lk; jiyik MSeupd; epu;thf FO cWg;gpdu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia 5ypUe;J 6-Mf cau;j;jpaJ. jtW 51 1919-k; Mz;L rl;lg;gb yz;ldpy; ,e;jpahtpw;f;fhd cau; Mizau; epakpf;fg;gl;lhu; rup 52 gry; myp jiyikapy; khepyq;fs; rPuikg;Gf;FO Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. rup 53 gp.tp. eurpk;kuht; Ml;rpapd; NghJ lhf;lu; kd;Nkhfd;rpq; epjpaikr;ruhf ,Ue;jhu; rup 54 fhe;Nj jkJ nja;tPf ,d;gpay; Ehiy yj;jPd; nkhopapy; vOjpdhu; jtW. 55 mr;R ,ae;jpuj;ij Kjd; Kjypy; fz;lwpe;jtu; tpy;ypak; fhq;];ld; jtW 56 1598-y; th];Bfhlfhkh ,e;jpahit te;jile;jhu;. jtW. 57 ,j;jhypa khYkpahd mnkupf;fh nt];Gfp ];ngapd; ehl;L murpd; cjtpAld; njd; mnkupf;fh gFjpfis Muha;e;jhu; - rup 58 ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;bd; muru; vl;ljk; n`d;up Jtf;fj;jpy; khu;l;bd; Yhjiu Mjupj;J Nghg;ig vjpu;j;jhu;. jtW 59 Mq;fpNya jpUr;rig 6-tJ vl;thu;L fhyj;jpy; Kw;wpYk; gpuhl;ly;lz;L kjj;jpw;f;F khwpaJ. Rup 60 rlNlhf ntw;wp mnkupf;fh Rje;jpug;Nghupy; jpUg;G Kidahf mike;jJ. Rup 61 1781 y; Mq;fpNya Jug;Gfis jiyikj; jhq;fpa jsgjp fhud; thyp]; nyf;]pq;ld; vDkplj;jpy; th\pq;ldplk; rudile;jhu; jtW 62 Nkup md;lha;ndl; gjpdhuhk; Yhapd; murp kw;Wk; kidtpahthu;. Rup 63 mjpfhug;gpuptpidf; fUj;ij khz;l];fpA+ $wpdhu; rup 64 njhopw;rhiyfSf;F fr;rhg;nghUis nfhz;LtUtjpYk; re;ijf;Fk; cw;gj;jp nghUis vLj;j nry;tjpYNk njhopw;Gul;rp ngupJk; rhu;e;Js;sJ jtW 65 1814-y; [hd; ];kPl;ld; KjyhtJ uapy; vQ;rpid tbtikj;jhu;. jtW. 66 gd;dhl;L mQ;ry; Ntitf;F cjtpahf 1875 y; midj;Jyf mQ;ry; $l;likg;G Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 67 Kf;$l;L xg;ge;jk; n[u;kdp> ,j;jhyp >M];jpupah> `q;Nfup ehLfSf;fpilNa nra;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Rup 68 Mu;r; kA+f; ngu;bzhd;bd; gLnfhiy Kjy; cyfg;NghUf;F cldbf; fhuzkhf mike;jJ. Rup 69 Kjy cyfg;Nghupd; NghJ ,uz;lhk; tpy;ypak; n[u;kzpapd; muruhf ,Ue;jhu;. Rup 70 gpu];l;-ypNlhtp];r; cldgbf;if u];ahTf;Fk; ,j;jhypf;Fk; ,ilNa Vw;gl;lJ. jtW 71 Kjy; cufg;Nghupd; ,ilapy; u];ah tpyfpf;nfhz;lJ. rup

www.Padasalai.Net 72 nydpd; ek;gpf;iff;Fupa Njhou; ypahd; l;uhl;];fp rup 73 gd;dhl;Lf;fofk; ghJfhg;G nfhz;bUe;jJ. Rup 74 gd;dhl;Lf;fofj;jpw;F gjpy; If;fpa ehLfs; rig Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Rup 75 `pl;yupd; Mf;fpukpg;ghd maYuTf;nfhs;if ,uz;lhk; cyfg;NghUf;F toptFj;jJ. rup 76 ikapd; Nfk;g; vd;w Ehiy `pl;ju; vOjpdhu;. rup 77 lhf;lu; fhg; vd;gtuJ jiyikapy; ];lhdpa cs;ehl;Lg;Nghu; njhlq;fpaJ. jtW 78 ghup]; mikjp khehl;by; fye;Jf;nfhs;s n[u;kdp miof;fg;gl;lJ> jtW 79 n[duy; gpuhd;];Nfh ];ngapd; ehl;bd; ru;tjpfhup rup 80 gd;dhl;L fofj;jpy; mnkupf;fh jPtu cWg;gpduhf nray;gl;lJ. jtW 81 ];lhypd;fpuhl; Nghu; n[u;kdpf;Fk; Nrhtpaj; A+dpaDf;Fk; ,ilNa eilngw;wJ. jtW 82 murp Rrp rPdhit 1860 Kjy; 1908 tiu Ml;rpGupe;jhu; jtW 83 rd;ahl;rd; kiwTf;Fg; gpwF khNrJhq; Nfhkpd; ghq;fl;rpf;F jiytuhdhu;. jtW 84 Mrpahtpy; INuuhg;gpau;fshy; FbNaw;wk; mikf;fg;glhj xNu xU ehL [g;ghd; rup 85 Kjy; cyfg;Nghupd; NghJ rPdh kPJ 21 Nfhupf;iffisj; jpdpj;jJ. 86 1945 y; rhd;gpuhd;rp];Nfh efuk; 51 ehLfs; I. eh. Ehedj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpltpy;iy. Rup 87 I.eh. ghJfhg;G mitapy; cs;s epue;jpu cWg;gpdu;fs; kw;Wk; jw;fhypf cWg;gpdu;fs; ,UtUf;Fk; rpwg;G ,uj;J mjpfhuk; Ntz;Lk;. jtW 88 fpA+gh VTfid neUf;bapd;NghJ mnkupf;fh jdJ VohtJ mZ Ma;j fg;gw;gilia mDg;gpaJ. Rup 89 1960-y; mnkupf;fhTk; Nrhtpaj; A+dpaDk; mZ MAj Nrhjid jil xg;ge;jj;ij Nkw;nfhz;ld. jtW 90 1991-y; ,e;jpah muR gy njhlu; nghUshjhu rPu;j;jpUj;jq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jp jhuhskakhf;fp kw;Wk; cyf kakhf;fiy ,e;jpa nghUshjhuj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jpaJ. Rup 91 brk;gu; 13> 2000-y; ,e;jpa ghuhSj;jpd; kPJ jhf;Fjy; elj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;jpa tuyhW Rupahd nrhw;nwhliu fz;lwpf. 1 thud; N`];bq;]; Ml;rp fhyj;jpy; Nuhfpy;yhg; Nghu; eilngw;wJ. 2 Kd;whk; Mq;fpNyNa ikR+u; Nghu; i`ju; myp kiwe;j gpwF eilngw;wJ.

www.Padasalai.Net 3 1802 Mk; Mz;L muz;lhk; Ng];th gh[puht; Mq;fpNyaUld; gfPd; cld;gbf;ifapy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhu;. 4 fy;fj;jh ,e;J fy;Yhupia N`];bq;]; gpuG Mjupj;jhu;. 5 1833 Mk; Mz;L gl;lar;rl;lk; tpy;ypak; ngd;bq; gpuG ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; jiyik MSeuhf;fpaJ. 6 1857 Mk; Mz;L rpg;gha; fyfj;jpw;Fg;gpd; thupR ,of;Fk; nfhs;if jpUk;g ngwg;gl;ld. 7 epiyahd epytupj;jpl;lk; [kPd;jhu;fsplkpUe;J epjpj;Jiw gzpfis jpUk;gg; ngw;wJ. 8 fpof;fpirthrpfs; fPo;j;jpir ghlq;fis ,e;jpa nkhoptop fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lnkd thjpl;ldu; 9 A+fg; fhd; fhd; rhfpg; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;lhu; 10 NtYhu; fyfj;jpw;F Gjpa ,uhDt tpjpKiwfs; Kf;fpa fhuzk;. 11 1857 Mk; Mz;L fyfj;jpd;NghJ ,uz;lhk; gfJhu; \h ,e;jpahtpd; Nguuruhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lhu; 12 ehl;L nkhop nra;jpjhs; rl;lj;ij uj;J nra;J ,e;jpau;fspilNa upg;gd; gpuG Gfo; ngw;whu;. 13 1867-y; gk;ghapy; gpuhu;j;jid rkhQk; epWtg;g;gl;lJ. 14 1857-Mk; Mz;L fyfk; xU tpjkhd epue;ju frg;Gzu;it Mq;fpNyau; kw;Wk; ,e;jpau;fSf;fpilNa Vw;gl;lJ. 15 gpl;b\hupd; epjpAzu;tpy; jPtputhjpfs; ek;gpf;if nfhs;stpy;iy. 16 nusyl; rl;lj;jpd; gb re;Njfj;jpd; Ngupy; vtiuAk; ifJ nra;ayhk;. 17 ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; Kd;whtJ Mz;L Nguitf;$l;lk; nrd;idapy; eilngw;wJ. 18 nrd;id jpuhtplu; fofk; etk;gu;-1912 y; Jtf;fg;gl;lJ. 19 tpf;Nlhupah kfhuhzpapd; mwpf;ifia fhdpq; gpuG myfhghj;jpy; mwptpj;jhu; 20 [dhjpgjp ehl;bd; murikg;G uPjpahd jiytu; cyf tuyhW 21 [hd; $l;ld;gu;f; ntspapl;l Gj;jfk; iggpshFk; 22 ngu;bdhd;L nkfy;yd; jdJ gazj;jpd; NghJ mikjpahd fly; gFjpia grpgpf; ngUq;fly; vd;W ngaupl;lhu; 23 ,f;Nd\pa;Ny yNahyhtpd; rPlu;fs; fy;tpia gug;gpdu;fs;.

You might also like