2h Upoqrewtik Ergasa Sto Mjhma thc Arijmhtikc Anlushc

A H ergasa enai atomik. Ja prpei na grafe paradoto (se L TEX prokeimnou A na metrsei kai h proairetik ergasa se L TEX se opoiondpote epexergast keimnou) sto opoo na perigrfontai oi lseic twn asksewn, na dnontai kai na sqolizontai ta apotelsmata, na perigrfetai h ektlesh tou kdika. Ja prpei to arqeo tou paradotou (se .pdf ) maz me ta arqea tou kdika (se opoiadpote glssa programmatismo epijumete) na sumpieston se na arqeo to opoo ja upoblhje msw tou Phla mqri kai thn hmeromhna pardoshc:
Odhgec:

Gia kje hmra argoporhmnhc upobolc thc ergasac kai gia 5 hmrec meinetai h bajmologa kat 10%. Met ap thn pardosh lwn twn ergasin ja akoloujsei proforik extash parousash pnw stic ergasec, sthn opoa ja perilambnetai kai proforik extash tou kdika gia tic periptseic pijanc antigrafc. Gia opoiadpote apora sqetik me tic ergasec mporete na epikoinwnete msw email me touc bohjoc majmatoc sthn diejunsh : natutor@aiia.csd.auth.gr. 'Estw ti qoume proc eplush to paraktw grammik ssthma:
Ax = b
' Askhsh 1

28 Dekembrou 2012, ra 24:00

1. Programmatste se opoiadpote glssa programmatismo epijumete mia sunrthsh h opoa ja parnei san esodo ton pnaka A kai to dinusma b tou parapnw grammiko sustmatoc kai ja epistrfei san xodo to dinusma twn agnstwn x (e.g.,[x] = gauss(A, b)). H lsh tou sustmatoc mpore na gnei me opoiadpote mjodo eplushc grammikn susthmtwn epijumete. 2. Programmatste se opoiadpote glssa programmatismo epijumete mia sunrthsh h opoa ja parnei san esodo nan summetrik pnaka A kai ja epistrfei nan pnaka L pou apotele thn aposnjesh Cholesky tou pnaka A (e.g., [L] = cholesky(A)). 3. Programmatste se opoiadpote glssa programmatismo thn mjodo Gauss-Seidel kai qrhsimopoeste thn gia na epilsete me akrbeia 6 dekadikn yhfwn (wc proc thn peirh nrma sto sflma thc lshc) to n n arai ssthma Ax = b gia n = 100 kai n = 100000, me A(i, i) = 3, A(i 1, i) = A(i, i + 1) = 1 kai b = [2, 1, 1, . . . , 1, 1, 2]T .
3 1 1 3 1 1

... ... ...

2 1 = 3 1 1 2 1 3 xn x1

...

...

Updeixh:

rator, etc.).

Den prpei na gnei qrsh built in sunartsewn (e.g., chol(), left division ope1

Oi mhqanc anazthshc, pwc to http://www.google.com/ qarakthrzontai ap ta exairetik apotelsmata pou epistrfoun se erwtmata. Ja dsoume ma qondrik exghsh tou pwc gnetai aut h taxinmhsh qrhsimopointac thn plhrofora sndeshc metax istoseldwn sto WWW.To google.com dnei nan jetik pragmatik arijm, thn txh seldac (page rank), se kje selda pou epistrfei. H txh seldac upologzetai ap th google.com se nan ap touc megalterouc pwc lgetai upologismoc idiodianusmtwn me th mjodo twn dunmewn ston ksmo. Sto grfhma tou Sqmatoc 1 kje kmboc n anaparist ma istoselda kai ma akm ap to i sto j anaparist na sndesmo ap thn istoselda tou i sthn istoselda tou j .
1 2 3 4

' Askhsh 2

10

11

12

13

14

15

1.

'Estw A Rnn,

Sqma 1 n = 15, o pnakac geitnashc tou grafmatoc pou apeikonzetai sto Sqma

Gia ton A isqei A(i,j) = 1 tan uprqei sndesmoc ap ton kmbo i ston kmbo j kai 0 diaforetik. Oi kataskeuastc tou google.com fantsthkan nan qrsth se aut to dktuo pou enai sthn selda i me pijanthta pi. 'Epeita, o qrsthc ete metakinetai se ma tuqaa selda (me sugkekrimnh pijanthta q pou enai sh sunjwc me 0.15) me pijanthta 1 q epilgei tuqaa nan ap touc sundsmouc pou brskontai sth selda i. H pijanthta ti o qrsthc metakinetai ap thn selda i sth selda j dnetai ap th sqsh:
p{ij } =

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 A = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

pou ni enai to jroisma thc i-ostc grammc tou A (sthn ousa to pljoc twn sundsewn thc selda i). H pijanthta o qrsthc se opoiadpote qronik stigm na enai sthn selda j enai to jroisma thc p{ij} sthn i-ost gramm tou pnaka A.
n

A(i,j ) q + (1 q ) n ni

pj =
i=1

qpi pi + (1 q ) A(i,j ) n ni

(1)

(2) pou p enai to dinusma me tic n pijanthtec tou na brsketai o qrsthc stic n istoseldec kai A (1q ) q + . Ja onomsoume ton pnaka G, pnaka G enai o pnakac tou opoou to kel G(i,j ) = n n Google. Kje stlh tou pnaka Google dnei jroisma 1 kai epomnwc enai stoqastikc pnakac pou shmanei ti h mgisth idiotim tou enai 1. To idiodinusma pou antistoiqe sthn idiotim 1 enai to snolo twn mh metablhtn pijanottwn, pou enai ep thc ousac h txh thc seldac. Me bsh to pardeigma pou dsame prohgoumnwc, oi txeic kje seldac gia q = 0.15 dnontai paraktw:
p = Gp
(j,i) j

H Sqsh (1) mpore na grafe kai me morf pinkwn wc exc:

p= [0.0268238,0.0298611,0.0298612,0.0268241,0.0395877,0.0395878, . . . . . . , 0.039588,0.0395881,0.074565,0.106319,0.10632,0.0745657,0.125089,. . . , . . . ,0.11633,0.12509]

To sugkekrimno idiodinusma qei kanonikopoihje ste to jroisma na enai so me 1 (pwc ja prpei na isqei gia pijanthtec). H txh seldac enai uyhlterh gia tic seldec 13 kai 15 3

akoloujomenec ap tic seldec 14, 10 kai 11. Prosxte ti h txh seldac den exarttai mno ap to bajm eisdou (pljoc seldwn pou deqnoun se ma selda) all prokptei me pio polploko trpo. Parlo pou oi kmboi 10 kai 11 qoun to megaltero bajm eisdou to gegonc ti deqnoun stouc kmbouc 13 kai 15 metafrei th shmantiktht touc se autoc. Aut enai h ida psw ap to fainmeno tou google-bombing, dhlad thc taktikc tou na auxnetai h shmantikthta mac istoseldac pejontac llec istoseldec uyhlc knhshc na deqnoun se aut. Prosxte thn sndesh metax thc txhc seldac kai thc lxhc shmantikthtac. H txh seldac enai aut th stigm o kalteroc trpoc na anaparastsoume th shmantikthta ma seldac an kai kanec akma den xrei ti enai shmantikthta. Epomnwc, kpoioc mpore na brei ma kalterh mjodo gia na montelopoie th shmantikthta.
Zhtomena:

1. Apodexte ti o pnakac G enai stoqastikc. 2. Kataskeuste ton pnaka G gia to sugkekrimno pardeigma kai elgxte ti to idiodinusma thc mgisthc idiotimc enai aut pou dnetai parapnw (me th mjodo thc dunmewc). 3. Allxte thn pijanthta metapdhshc q se (a) q = 0 kai (b) q = 0.5. Perigryte tic allagc sthn txh seldac. Poioc enai o skopc thc pijanthtac metapdhshc? 4. 'Estw ti sto grfhma tou Sqmatoc 1 h istoselda 7 jele na beltisei thn txh thc se sqsh me ton antagwnist thc, thn selda 6. 'Estw ti aut jlei na to petqei pejontac tic seldec 2 kai 12 na deqnoun th sndesh sthn 7 me kaltero trpo. 'Estw ti montelopoiome aut thn katstash antikajistntac to A(2,7) kai to A(12,7) me 2 ston pnaka geitnashc. Aut h strathgik douleei? 5. Meletste thn epdrash thc diagrafc thc seldac 10 ap to grfhma. Poiec txeic seldwn auxnontai kai poiec meinontai?