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^j [=## O # ^j O JO\~.
q^j [=## O # q^j O JO\~.
^j, q^j = He x~OK O # H O JO\~.
3. : Q`k ` =, Q== =^ ^ # q=iOKO_?

[.
29
Q`k ` O :
1. O [=x XH~ LO\~.
2. q^# x~
XH_ fHO\_.
3. # J`xH KO^`~.
Q=O :
1. ~ O_ ^ Z= [=# LO\~.
2. JO^~ H q+ x~
fO\~.
3. # Q= x+uH J#Q}OQ fO\~.
4. : "@ HOh H} Ò_ ?

[.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
HOh [=# Z=Q LO\~.

O @|_ z# x@Q ql OK|_ LO@Ok. g\x +~ JO\~.
+~ ~ O [=#
_~ H~ O# x~~ .
# +~ x+u P^~OQ ql ~ .
5. : _~" O\ O J#Q<q?
[.
1.
2.
3.
4.
` =Ou`Y ~ "H}
xK O # _~" O\ O JO\~.
~" O\ ^ q^# ~ "H}
Wq xK~.
P Y O|Ok` =Ou P O xf~ ^ _.
D O qÒ Ò =~O k.
L^ : PH"}, =K~ Y ~ "H}

6. : _~" O>`~ O QiOz q=iO=?

[.
1.
2.
3.
4.
_~" O>`~ Y x~} KO Ô Q [~Q#.

g\x O u u Q O Q ==i~ .
g\ x f~ ~" O@, q^# *HO K H=.
D O qÒ Ò =~O k. L^ : i[~ O (P~aS)
7. : K@|^ H~~+# Qi `= ?
[.
1. ~" O@ ^ q^# ` H K@O ^~ Wk U~_`~.

2. ~A"i xf~ O u u He LO\~.
L^ : \ OH, i[~ O, rq` c= O.
8. : |*u O , L=_ O J#Q <q?

[.
Z. |*u O :
1. = O XH Ô LO@Ok.
2. "}[ H~H qq^ ^ LO\~. L^ : x O
a. L=_ O :
1. ^j == , q^j == He x~~ .
2. HO` q^j, HO` ^j =^# O L y~ .
3. q^j =^# O 50% HO> ` =Q LO@Ok.
II. "~
( 5 =~ )
1. : H~ OO H}# Ò_?
[.
1. [ ~ ~ H~O` =HOQ x~OK O # H~ O JO\~.

2. =Y H}
O ~ ~ H~O.
30
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
JOî HO XH_, XHi HO JO^~ J# =#.

[=#O HOh [=<x e LO@Ok.
H~ O O K@O 1912 H~O +~ ~ Hx+ OY 10 Qi+ OY iqu ^ .
+~ ~ `= HOîx x~} Z#O\~.
+~ x+u OK`~. L^ : == H~O O O.
III. ( 1 =~ )
1. : ` ~OQ O J#Q<q?
[.
1. ` [=xQ ==iOK O ` ~OQ O . L^ :
2. : ` HO h JO> Uq\?
[.
H OÔ ^ ~R ` 51% HO> Z= =^< x =i# O

L^: O^< q+< @.
3. : Lù H~H KeOK u Uq?

[.
qH @HO, = "`# O, =^< xH =_, ==# O ^ #+O .
IV.D H O
k Mm# iOKO_. ( 1 =~ )
1. qH aOK u O
2. H~ O Hx+ OY
.
.
V.
u <Q ["| L#q. i # ^xx QiOKO_. ( 1/2 =~ )
1. ^j Lù O
(Z) ^ ~ =^# O "Ò =~~ .
() q^j @|_ 50% HO> Z=
2. HOh +~ ~ Hx+ OY
(Z) 5 (a) 7 () 2 (_) 10
( )
(a) ^j @|_ 50%
(_) q^j @|_ 50% HO> ` =
( )
VI. H O
k "xx [`~ O _. (1/2 =~)
Lù H~H
1. q
2. =
3. =^# O
4. ==#
(
(
(
(
u
1. =_
2. #
3. "`# O
4. @HO
)
)
)
)
=^#:
IV.
V.
VI.
31
1. @HO
1.Z
1 (3),
2. 10
2..
2 (4),
3 (2),
4 (1)
~O 7
Lùx OKe# J=~O
H :
Luu ~Q^ JO> Uq\ Ò\~?
i=}`H, Q}`H Lù QiOz Ò\~?
JkH Lù J=~O , qq^ ~H J=~
PiHa=$k J~O
PiHa=$k =lH OH = O =$k
Lù =~x Z OK=K< Ò\~.
=MO :
Lùx OK_O ^~ ~QK# *=~# f~_xH i =` u K =K#.
PiH= $k, PiHa=$k
XH ^ ì PÔ ~Q_ O PiH =$k U~_Òk.
[ ì PÔ ~Q_ < PiHa=$k J#=K#.
XH ^ PiHa=$k qq^ =lH =~ îfO k.
qq^ ~H == # O` =i "~Q # OHuH ^` ##iOz Lù OK gOk.
I. OH ( 3 =~ )
1. Lùx OK=# J=~" q\?

[:
~`^ [< O KO ~ O_ Ju ^ [<. JO`QH [< u O=`~O ~Q`< LOk.

iy# [< JkH "Ò P~ ^~, aO, Q^ =, C , ~Q, O_ Z=
"`^ J=~O LO@Ok. JO`QH, h~, q^KH , ^ , W, P`, , ~"}
H~ JkH OY J=~= =`~. H=# Lùx OKe# J=~O LOk.
2. PiH =$k =i PiHa=$k =^ `_ q=iOKO_?

[ : XH ^ ì PÔ ~Q_O` PiH =$k U~_Òk. *fÔ ~Q^ [<
~Q^ HO> Z=Q L#C_ ^ [ ì PÔ ~QÒk. =[Ox ^"iH
J#OQ =#~ #:O} [iQ qÔ Q [ ì PÔ ~Q_ < PiHa=$k Jx
x~zOK=K#.
3. Lù =~x OK_O Z ?

[:
qq^ ~H == # O` O` Lù K =K#. O`, "~Q # OHuH ^` #

J#iOz Lùx OK gOk. == LùH J=~" # =^# == # =s =s L y
Lùx OK_xH g=Òk. JO`QH #`# OHuH ^` Lù K == <}`#
OK=K#.
32
II. "~
( 5 =~ )
. 1. [< ~Q ^ = J=~= = =# =sHi Oz q=iOKO_?

[:
[< ~Q ^ = J=~= = =# D HOk q^= Q `=K#.

1. =oH J=~
2. H~ q
3. * Q =
4. r=# =}O =$k
5. O|Ok` == Lù
1. =oH J=~ : [#O |`H_ xH J=~= = =< =oH J=~ J#=K#. L^
: uO_, |@ =i LO_\xH W.
2. H~, q : rqÒ Y=O K H=_xH `__ == q, L^ : \.q.,
il ~ @~, w[~ =i Z~~HO _+# ~.
3. * Q = : [ H~ O, L QO HO J=~= = * Q =.
=Ozh~, q^KH , q^, "^ O, ~H}
, = =i } H~ "^# q.
* Q = L^~}.
4. r=# =} =$k : [ `= r=# =}x OKH=_xH <}"# == # #,
HO@~, "\~ =O\ "\x [ H~O\~. D ~H" # = =x _=O_ i_
Lùx OKe =O k.
5. O|Ok` == Lù : XH == Lùx OK_xH J<H O|Ok` == J=~= =`~.
JO> XH == # _=O_ J<H W`~ == _=O_# ~ O k. L^: Ô
~Q`# W J=~ : Z= OY W H@_ xH , " O@, W@H, H, WH,
q^` iH~, x@s \ O Q, ~O\ J=~= =`~. iy# _=O_# Z^~=_xH
O|Ok` == Lùx OKe# J=~O U~_Òk.
2. : PiHa=$k H#Q`#C_ ZO\ =lH =~ =~?

[:
PiHa=$k =[O Hx =Oz =~ J#eO k. D =~ =lH OH = x OK`~.

PiHa=$k e ÒQ ==, @O| == =#= , =[O #O "^Q
JO [ ^$HÔ KC H^Q =~ U~_`~. L^: XHC _ ==, J $`
=O\ q+ [ K xHz "Y ix J=OaOK"~. ~"} H~, H~Q~ ==#
~OaOK_O ` P JO q`=~. |, ~ \H @ HO } ~ fi
' û LO_e =O k. JO\ = `= "#H, =O^ =# "i O QiOz
\ O O_ \H @ fH=_O [~QÒk. ^ ^ HOh, `~OQ O u
P^~OQ L^Q x=HO [iy#C_ XH x= _ HO^ XH JQ=~ =H xK =
=O k. D =~ =lH OH = x OK`~.
3. . PiHa=$k H~}OQ =*xH J=~Ô HeyOK " Uq? q=iOKO_?

[:
33
Lùx OK_xH, "Q= OÒ K _xH H~Q~ ==# <H_O [iyOk. D H~Q~
xK_xH K@ H Q= #O_, z# @} #O_ #Q~ #O_ Hi #Q~
K~ O@<~. D H~Q~ gO H=|^" # , KH J~# Q$=u O k. JkH OY

Hi = ~=_O = =iH "_ U~_`~. [ Ji i~ rqOK=
=O k. PiHa=$k e ÒQ Hx O` ìÒQ Ja=$k KO^_O =iHx J Ja=$k
KO^H =_O [~QÒk. JO`QH H~Q~ i~ Qe, h~, "`=~}O H+O U~_Òk.
III.D H O
k Mm# iOKO_. ( 1 =~ )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
*< ~Q ^ = = _=O_
.
O KO [< ~`^ O
#O LOk.
q^KH , h\ ~ ~ , ~"} s "^Q"\x
= JO\~.
ì PÔ "Ò *fÔ
XH == # _=O_ J<H W`~ O|Ok` == _=O_#
PiHa=$k JO> ^ [ ì PÔ
ì PÔ ~Q^ [
"~Q_\ xH `__Òk.
PiHa=$k e ÒQ == ^$HÔ
== LùH J=~" # == #
JO\~
q^KH , ~"} H~ Ke#O` O>
^ O H^.
=^<
III. 1. ~QÒk
3. * Q=
5. ~ O k
7. r=# =}O
9. =^# == O\~.
2. 2=
4. ^ "Ò [<
6. ~Q^
8. =~ =O k.
10. Lùx OK_O .
34
~O 8
Lù `~
H :
qq^ i=} qa# H =~# Lù O # J~O K H=_O
Lù `~ x `_#, P^~# `H=_O.
z#`~ Lù O ^#O.
iqH q= O Lù OK_O ^x`
q +` iqHa=$k }oH
=MO
Lù @|_ "Ò P^~ _ Òk. W`~= q^KH , q qxQO.
i= OQ ^` ~ i=, z#`~ i=.
Lk J=H JkHO Q =~_O = z# i= "QK _O [~QÒk.
} ~H}
=O^, P\" , q=<, ^` ~ i=< ` ~=`~.
iqH q= O = Lù "Q= O`" O k.
, OHuH ^` = iqH L`^H ~QÒk.
I. OH ( 3 =~ )
1.. : Lù `~ P^~OQ =sHi OK 5 ~H i = # ~#O_?

[:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
~`^ O x Lù O # D HOk qÔ Q ql OK=K#.

^ `~ i=
z#`~ i=
J#|O^ i=
Juz# ^ >h i=
\~ i=
2.. z#`~ i = =Y` Uq\?

[:
35
1. z#`~ i= xH q Lk J=H He~.

2. D ~HO i= ` ~ K == # J<H W`~ ^ ZQ=u K _O [~QÒk.
3. z#`~ i= Ô = =_^ ~, OHuH q*#O L yOz Lù
K~.
4. D i= =# PiH == "xH J#"# q. WO^ = Z=, =^# O
J=~O ` =.
5. D i= Ô ZH_< <H_xH g=Òk. xH =#~# qxyOKHx
iqH q" xH ^^_ ` ~.
3. . : ^` ~ i = =YO Uq\?
[:
1. ^` ~ i= "~Q # OHuH ^` # J#iOKO_O, x}` xK~OK_O

^~ ` = x\ =xH Lù K~.
2. =Oz <}` =# == # s "Ò Lù K _" QH ZQ=` _ K Q~.
3. Hx ~H == # ^` ~ < Lù K _O ^ ==Òk. L^ : O`, iH~,
L, OK^~, " O@, P\" =i ~xH Z~=.
4. D i= \H~ , ~ ~ , ~, ~xH Z~=, HqO~H =O^
` ~ K ==a=$kH `__`~.
5. ^`~ i= `~ K == OHuHOQ#, <}"#qQ# "#q H=#
qxQ^~ r=# =} ~Q`~.
6. z#`~ i= Ja=$kH J=HO He~.
4.. \~ i = JO> Uq\? L^~}e=O_?

[:
Ju ` = @|_` @O "i O` x^ `< "i WO\ P=~}< x~OK "\x \~

i= JO\~.
L^: T~Q ` ~ K _O, J_, =_ ` ~ K _O, JQ~ |f ` ~ K _O,
Qe\, ~v ` ~ K _O, @~ J_O , |@ @_O , #"~, u"p < _O, K<`
=Q |@ < _O, ~OQ J^H O "^# q.
5.: OHuH` L`^H` Z@=O\ "x K`~.

[:
OHuH ^` ` `~Q, ` = =O` <}"# == #, Z= "Ò ` ~ K =K#.

L^: } H_ =O^, "^ iH~, W`~ ZHxH == , P\" , q=<
"^#q.
= i~==`~. L`^H` ~Q Òk.
II. "~
( 5 =~ )
1.. : ~`^ O L`^H` J~ LO_\xH H~} ~#O_?

[:
~`^ O L`^H` J~ LO_\xH D HOk H~}# K =K#.

1. q^KH, h~, ~_ ~"}, H=xH+< =, J=~" # ^=O "^Q =eH
^ H =_O = L`^H` J~ LO@Ok.
2. i^# , Ja=$k H~H `y# Ò, H =_O =#Ô i^# Ja=$kH
Ju ^< x "zOK_O [~QÒk. ~`# O`, ` ^` L yOK_O =
L`^H` J~ LO@Ok.
3. ~`^ O QÒ #, OH O|OkOz ~~f `H H =_O =
L`^H` J~ LO_k. ` O J=~" # `H# ~` Ò JOkO k.
4. u =O ^~ i` , P^ hH~}
Z= ^=O J=~O H=_O, [ H#Q
H ` =Q LO_@O = L`^H` J~ LO@Ok.
36
5. [=< Hi =^ O|O^ J#OQ H =_O = =~ O O k.

Hi iy`# H=tH}
~Ò, [=< iy`# H e ÒQ
L`^H` _ Òk.
2.. : Lù L`^H` # q=iOKO_?

[:
== # ` ~ K _O ^~ [#O HeOK_" Lù J=Òk. Lù H~H#, H~H

H#@=O\ L`^H# q=O K _O ^~ L`^# U~_Òk. D qÔ Q L`^H#
L`^#Q =~_< ''Lù JO\~. L`^#HO> LùH~H Z=Q iy` L`^H`
JOQ LO^x K =K#. L`^#` e L`^H i=}O ` =Q L#C_ L`^H`
Z=Q LO^x K =K#. nxx |\ L`^H` JO> XH x\ LùH H=# LùH ^
=~ O J=Òk.
JkH Lù JO> JkH *f^=x, JkH *f^=O> JkH PiHa=$k.
= L`^H` "Ò L`^# \# "Ò
=^# O PiHa=$k ~ @# OK_xH Jx ~OQ L`^H` # OKe# J=~= O@Ok.
Lù ~Q^ L`^H` x ~Q^ ` H =O L# =#~` JkH Lùx kOK_"
L`^H` J=Òk.
3.. : iqH q= O e `# q+ O z ~O_?

[:
18= `|O ~ O_ J~ QO O KO J<H =~ [iQ~. Jq OHuH, Lù H

H=|nH~ }
` q" `H =~# f=K~. = = LùH Ku x=@ |^
q^KH ` #_K O` "_HO "Ô k. O` L yOK_O = [ W`~ qÔ Q
Lù K _xH ^ O Qx J<H == O^Qe Q~. O` L QOH ~=_O`
= = Lù JkHO H=_O nx =OQ [ r=# =}O iyOk. iqH q= O
~OO H=_O` = = LùH H~Q~ == U~_Ok. Wk=~H\ \~ i= ` ~
== #Oz O`Q~ ` ~ == U~_Ok. iqH q= O Lù H
O`# " @_O [iyOk. H~Q~ == ^` ~ LùH fH =i nx= Lù
~Q^ Z= J=Òk.
4.: ~`^ O i = ZO\ q +` LO^ q=iOKO_?

[:
37
=#Ô Lk J=H OK_O z#i= ZO` =Y=Ok. D i=

Ja=$kH "\ L`^H` ~Q^ Ò Z< q^Q H$+ K < LOk. i= #`#
OHuH`# J#iOK_O , == <}` OK_O , Lù =x `yO K_O =O\
Ke.
^ i= Lù K qxQ == , L`^H, == =~\ _=O_ L#k
=i q +` _ =Ok. ` \ O KO =~`# =~\ _=O_ i_@
O`
i=}O == Lù K _O`@ ` = =O` <}"# == # Lù K QeQ
i= x^HQ^. JO`QH #`# OHuH ^` J#iOK_O , =$u< }O Q
q, =i i^# , Ja=$k K~ K> [=< q +` LO@Ok.
II. ( 1 =~ )
D H O k XH\ / ~ O_ ^` ["|x=:
1 " O@, ~#H Z~=, P\" "^# == # LùK
i = Uq?
[.
1. ^` ~ i=
2. xH =#~H ^ #OQ L yOKHx == # Lù K i = Uq?

[.
2. z#`~ i=
3. =#=HH |^ O` L yOK_xH =~H ~ Uk?

[.
3. iqH q= O
4. i = OHuH` qxQO = O Uq\?

[.
4. L`^H` ~QÒk
38
~O 9
= = O}
H :
= = O}x qÒ K qq^ JO" Ò\~.
qxQ^~ Lù^~ =^ =^ =~ Z=~ Ò\~.
O} = HeQ "q\ J~O K O\~.
=MO:
O} PiH == x qxQ^~#, Lù^~# xÒ K O k.
= = O} =#= H~ f~_xH ^^_ Òk.
Lù^~, qxQ^~ =^ \, z~ "~ =^ =~
O}x qÒ K JO : H#Q H =~\ LO_@O ^q H ^ x,
=[O Ou, $^=O.
I. OH ( 3 =~ )
1.. : O} JO> Uq\? q=iOKO_?

[:
XH == J=~= # =H P == # ` ~ K H"e# J=~O ^ . =[Ox qq^

qxQ^~ "~ H~H< = =# JO^@H `=_< O} JO\~. _| KeO z
= =# O^_O J< ==~#O`\ x O} H J#=K#. O} JOu= H O "\
J=~= # qxQ^~ K~"
_" . = = H#Q, J=H = = O} H
J=Òk.
2.. H#Q H Z\ U~_Òk?

[:
= = H#Q PÔ J=~O . P^" [ H#Q H J=Òk. XH =H PÔ

ZO` J<k P =H JOk=Q =# |\, =[O *fÔ O} J~# f~# |\
LO@Ok. "`< , @HO, =_, J<q P^ qq^ ~Q QiOK=K#. D
P^" = = H#Q _ Òk. nx< [ H#QH JO\~.
3..: O} H# qÒ K PiHO Uq?

[:
39
O} H # qÒ K PiHO# D HOk qÔ Q =sHi OK=K#. Jq:

1. H#Q H
2. =~\ LO_@O
3. KeO KQe y# ^~
4. =~\ ==
5. ` *HO
6. PiH ^q H ^
7. x "\ x~}
PiH `~ JO 1. Ou` "`=~}O =i 2. ~ ~[H i# "^Q#q.
4..: =~O\ =^=i JO> Z=~?

[:
=~O\ =^ =~ _ "~. g~ _~ ^ "~ LO\~. D ==~O "i

HO` xH == # J=Ò\~. D~HO =^ =~ ~ O_ ~H.
(Z) \ "~
(a) z~ =~
\ "~ "}[ == #Hx "\x uiy z~ =~ J=`~.
II. "~
( 5 =~ )
1.: == Lù^~, qxQ^~ =^ L# =^ =~ = Uq?

q=iOKO_?
[:
qxQ^~ Lù^~ ` HO Q == # JOk=x i` =^ =~ J=~= =`~.

(Z) U*O@ =^ =~
(a) =~O\ =^ =~
() \ "~
(_) z~ =~
U*O\ =^ =~ : == OHO g~ J=HO ^~ U*O\QHx, H#Q^~Q
Hx xK~ . gix D qÔ Q ql O=K#.
(Z) Hg+< U*O\
(a) ^~ ^ H~
() H~
(_) "O @Q H PH# ~
Hg+< U*O\Q =# "~ J=HO ^~, H#Q^~ `~ # Hg+< fHx xK~ .
^~ H H~ W`~ s `~ # == # H#_O, J=_O K~ . "iH ^s =
KeO K_O [~QÒk.
H~ : =^ =~ J=Hx# W`~ == # `=^Q~ LOK< "~.
"O@Q: J=Hx# == # |~OQOQ î Oz "O @_@O ^~ W`~
== # J"@@=O\"~.
2.: O} "# q=iOKO_?

[:
O}= HeQ " qq^ ~HQ LO\~."@x D HOk JOQ ql OK=K#.

1. qxQ^~ _ =O.
2. Lù^~ _ =O.
3. LùH~H ^ ^< _ =O.
1. qxQ^~ HiH f~H=_xH J=~" # = = JO^@H =~. H|\
"iH [#H~O Q LO@Ok. J=~" # H~# == OH=_O = qxQ^~
OH = ~ ~QÒk.
40
2. Lù^~ `= ` ~ K# == qxQ^~ H=OQ K~" "iH# Lù

=x ~|@HQQ`~.
3. LùH~H ^ ^< =O : = = O} ^~ aOz# ~|_x Lù^<
^x #:O} K _O [~QÒk. D H = q @HO, q "`< ,
=^# O Q "iH =_, x~ ~O i`+HO a =O@Ok. D
qÔ Q = = O} P^x Jx Lù H~H O} [iQ J=HO HeO k.
III.D H O
k Mm# iOKO_. ( 1 =~ )
1. O} = =
^~ U~_Òk.
2. Lù ^~, qxQ^~ =^
^~ O|OÔ U~_Òk.
3. =lH, OH = ==
^~ ~QÒk.
IV.
u <Q ["| L#q. i # ^xx QiOKO_. ( 1/2 =~ )
1. == # H#_xH _| Z=~ Ke ~
3. Lù^~, qxQ^~ =^ O|O^x Z=~ U~~~ ? (
(Z) J=HO^~
(a) qxQ^~
() Lù^~
2. = = ~ ~ Z~= K~ ?
(Z) J=HO^~
() Lù^~
(Z) Lù
() O}
(a) H#Q^~
(_) Z=~H^
(a) qxQO
(_) @|_
4. H#QHx Uk zO k
(Z) PÔ
() Lù
(a) =O
(_) @|_
5. H O k "\ q PÔ Uk?

(Z) "`# O
() =_
(a) @HO
(_) ~b
V.
u <Q ["| L#q. i # ^xx QiOKO_. ( 1/2 =~ )
1. = = O} *=Q Qk
(Z) ~[H ~ ` L#C_
() =`H =O
41
(
(a) Hi " L#C_
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=HH W#~< K# "`x KeO K_O [~QÒk ^ [iy# ##O`\ x KeO Kx
H~=K.
81
2. J~` D ~ O_O\ ZO` ` =~` ^x =`" c= HOh Ke O k.

3. ~ W#~< q+ O W#~< K Qey# P , [< ` xiQ LO_e.
"~ < W#~<

1. =^ "~O K "~ D ~H" # W#~< K H=_xH gOk.
2. D ~H" # W#~< q+ O _ c= fH^z# =HH #+
=# "}[O LO_e.
3. WO\ iu c= fH< =O# P# +O [iy# =O# W#~_
LO_e.
3. , _ e \ c= =^ `~`= x q=iOKQ ~?
[: W#~<
1. "^ = xqÒ Y~ K# "`x W#~< K# =HH O^_xH J#"# Wk.
2. qq^ ~H ==^ <|^" # qO KeO K_O [~QÒk.
_ e \ W#~< ^H O
1. [=# "i ^Q~ xK # "iH O|OkOz# D fHO\~.
2. xK "~ U^< q ` K~ _#O^= [iy# #xH i~OQ HO` =
O^ L^ O` K [=x c= Wk.
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( 5 =~ )
1. ^ # "# c= ^H # ~#O_?
[ : ^ #"# c= ^H
1.
2.
3.
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6.
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8.
9.
10.
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O@ =Q c= ^H O
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Qg} c= ^H O
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Jy =^ c= ^H O
P\ " c=
F+< JO_ W<O_" "~ # c=
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2. ^~} c=, rq` c= =^ L# =`x q=iOKO_?

^~} c= H}
1. Wk =HQ ` " # J<~QO =^ O|OkOz#@=O\k.
2. W#~ K# =HH #+O [iy# "~H #+ i ~O W=_OQ ~# "Ò D ~ O_O\
Uk ` =~` ^x ^~ KeO K_O [~QÒk.
3. HH " # # ~H}
HeOK_xH Wk L Q_ Òk.
82
4. Wk u U\ K H< XOÔ.
5. O=`~HO =y_O` =~=~ _yOKH ` nxH HO KeO K#>.
rq` c=
1. c= fH# =H =~} P =H P^~_ # @O| # c= HOh PÔ@Ok.
JO_Q xO k.
2. c= K =H =~}#O`~O ^ x~~ Oz# =O `~ "` D ~ O_O\ Uk =O^~`
^x |\ ~# "Ò KeO K_O [~QÒk.
3. rq` c=# rq`xH O|OkOz# g J#_O =O[OQ LO@Ok.
3. ^ PiHa=$k c= ^H O x~OK `# q=iOKO_?

â=$k c= ^H O `
1. Ô x ^ "`# HiOK_O , HiOz# "`x â=$kH qxyOK_O c=
^H xH =Y ` LOk.
2. 1956 Ô x Jx rq` c= O # n#O K Hx *f c= O U~_Ok.
3. c= O ^j ^ gH~}
KOk.
4. [ ^ Q}x ÒK_O , = #Oz ^ "`# HiOk.
5. P HiOz# ^# ` J=~, H~~\ ~OQO J=~ JO^@ LOKÒk.
6.. c= O JOkOK x^ # PiH= = ^q H ^ HO qxyOK_O [~QÒk.
7. L^~} P#H@ , =O`#, ~_ "^# @=O\ x~}xH D x^ # Ò L y
LO@Ok.
8. D qÔ Q c= O â=$kH [ ^ H}
# OO^_xH ^Ô K # q.
4. c= J<k ^ J"@# Z Ò ^ q=iOKO_?

1. ^ "` gH~}
, =i J"@# ÒK_O c= O, ^~} c= O
~ O_ =Y` =~.
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3. HO ~
H # _ KeO KO_O [~QÒk.
4. D qÔ Q UH" Ò Q KeO K_O = K^ =, o=O\ "\H J=~" # x^
aOK#@=Òk.
5. D ^# O ^g q~=}HO, =$^ O J=~ xH=O k.
6. rq` c= O _ @O n~H eH ^# ` HO Q HiOz ^# Ò k.
7. [ PiH [<# i~H JC ~O_ H_` [ ^
J"@# Ò k.
5. c= =MO Uq\. nx= HeQ

[<# ## èO_?
=YO :
c= = , @O, O [<# H_Ò\~. J#Hx =^ = HeQ ##
KeO K_O ^~ O , = , @O x^HH=_xH H=# PiH H~x c= O
JOk~.
83
[<
Z. = , O aOKq.
a. ^xH aOK [<
Z.
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1. ^`: TOKx O @#= U~_ #+
xH J=~" # ~H}
c= ^H O HeO k.
2. #+ O } J=Òk: c= XOÔ H~O c= K# =HH #+O U~_#C_ c= K#
"`x c= O P=HH #+ i ~OQ KeO K_O [~QÒk.
3. ^# =~O U~~O k : c= HOh " > ^H = ^ K H=_xH
g HeO k.
4. \`Ò : c= H~O = "~ ZO` P`qO, xsu `= H~H#
H#yOKQ ~.
5. JO^@ L# =^< x Ja+}
û qxyOK gO@Ok: "~x
W#~< K LO> "~O U~_ # HO HO` QO J\ \e# J=~O LO@Ok.
#+O = P "~ c= HOh #+ i ~O KeO z J`x P^HO@Ok.
6. |} ^ O LO@Ok: = , O fH# c= p c= O |}
_ W~. rq` c= O Q$x~}xH W`~ Y~ ^~ |}H~ O
HeO k.
a. ^xHO`\H
[#O JOkO k:
1. =lH OH = O : =lH OH = xH c= q^#O @_ Òk. q +` J=~ HO
^ K _x Ò k. q +` J=~# =$^ O, K^ =, q" "^#
"\ HO ^ K _xH Òz =lH OH = x PHOH O k.
2. q^j "~a=$kH `_@ : XH Ô #Oz =~H ^xH == # ~"} K _O ZO`
#+
O` _Hx LO@Ok. c= HOh D ~H" # #+
x ~HO K_O HH`
=~.
3. ` HH~ }
# ÒK_O : PiH H~H = ` HH~ }
H}
x `~.
"i < }O "~Q^ J=~" # `x JOk~.
#
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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# xi+O Q JOK< " _O H+ ^ O.
H H\_ xH J=HO x # q+ O c= H~ O JO^@ LO_^ .
c= K# #+
JO = [iy# #xH c= =i O k. #+ i~O a O k.
D ^H O x =~ iqu c= K _xH c= K ^Q [#O LO_e.
c= Hx |\ _ LO@Ok. qO KeO @@ LO> ^~H# XOÔ
K^.
84
6. rq` c= x ~H# Ò_?

rq` c= ~H
1. ZO_"O\
2.
3. Oy "O\
4. #~\
5. _| HO_O\ W<_q x\
6. *~O\
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9. z< W#~< ^H O
10. r=<H ~
11. r=<H#
12. H= r=<
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1."~ < J#Q<q?

Z. =^ "~O K "iH JOkOK .
2._ e \ W#~< ^H O J#Q<q?

[: [=# "i ^Q~ xK # = = HeQ #x x"iOK_xH L^t Oz# ^H O .
3. Ô W#~< "~x H = |nHi OK_xH U~_# O Uk?

[. SP~_Z W#~< ~ Q@s Jî\ O.
IV..D H O
k Mm# iOKO_. ( 1 =~ )
1. ^~} c= Hiqu
2. q^, q +` }oH, "i Ja=$kH O|OkOz# c=
V.
u <Q ["| L#q. i # ^xx QiOKO_. ( 1/2 =~ )
1. P_ K^ =, o=O\ "\x ^$+ LOKHx ~OkOz# ^H O

Z. r=< H#
. H= r=<
a. r=< H~
_. z< W#~<
2. W#~< K# =H = Ô =~} |u# "iH W#~ K# "`xH

~ O_O` WK Uk?
Z. =hH
a. *~O\
. ZO_"O\ , _. _| HO_O\ W<_q x\ .
85
3. *f rq` c= U~_# O=`~O.

Z. 1959
. 1966
a. 1956
_.1946
VI. H O
k "xx [`~ O _. (1/2 =~)
1. "~ < W#~<

2. _ e \
3. r=< H#
4. *f rq` c=
5. qO
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(
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(
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)
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)
)
Z.1956
a. P_ O|OkOz#q
. c= K# =H KeO Kk
_. [=x K
W. =^ "~ K
=^< :
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V.
1.Z 2._
1. 1 OII
3.a
VI.
1.
3.a
2._
2. z< W#~<
4.Z
5.
86
~O 20
PiH= = J~O , `~
H :
PiH == J~x q=iOKQ ~.
=#~ ` "\ JkH~O P^~OQ#, kOz# ~x |\ PiH == ~ "#
J~O K HQ~.
PiHa=$k, PiHa=$k J~x q=iOKQ ~.
PiH= $k, PiHa=$k =^ L# `_# QiOKQ ~.
PiHa=$kx x~iOK =Y"# JO# J~O K HQ~.
=MO
PiH == J~O .
PiH == =Y H}

z#`~ PiH ==
@|_î
="^
q= PiH ==
Ja=$k ~ P^~OQ PiH= = =sH~ }
Ja=$k KOk#, KO^`# PiH ==
PiHa=$k J~O
PiHa=$kx x~iOK JO.
I. OH ( 3 =~ )
1. PiHa=$kH ^~} J~O Uq\?

[:
1. PiHa=$k PiH =$k`@ =#~ qq^ =lH =~ =^ UqÔ Q O} [~Q<

è* O k.
2. Wk [ OH = x PHOH O k.
3. OH = O îHO `Q_ O , x~^y` `Q_ O , P^ O^ J=#` `Q =YO
@_ O , JH~ ` ~Q_ O , P~QO, i^ "~Q^ HxOK_O "^# JOO\~.
4. PiHa=$k, PiH= $k<H O_ [ r=# =}x "~Q~K Q W`~ PiH i}=#
_ uaOaO k.
2. PiHa=$kH =^# H# =Y"q?

1. N PiHa=$k =^# == HH" # q.
2. =^# x# OK_xH ^~ @ JkH ~ LO_e.
3. XH xi+ ~ ^, @|_ L#C_ =$k ~ @ =^# L`^# x+u P^~_
LO@Ok.
87
4. ^j ^ ` =Q##C_ Ja=$k KO^`# ^ q^j x fHx =^#

H# OK_xH u~.
3. Ja=$k x~~} HO PiH `~ JO Uq?

[.:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
JH~ ` ~Q_ O
P~QO i^ ~Q^
[< ~Q^ _ =_O
~=~} =} ~Q_ O
[ r=# =} ~Q_ O .
4. Ja=$k x~~H # PiH JO Uq?

[.
1.
2.
3.
4.
*f PÔ ~Q_ O
îHO `Q_ O
x~^y` `Q_ O .
P^ O^ J=#` `Q_ O .
5. PiHa=$kx x~~ OK JO Uq?

[.
1. [ =#~ ` PiHa=$kH, J=HO HeOK_" HH, PH "Q= OÒ H=_xH

`__Òk.
2. =#==#~ ` J<k ^ #"# k. q^=O`, OHuH i*#O H"~ Ja=$k ~ @
kOK_O ZO` _` ~.
3. =^# H# J<k PiHa=$kx x~iOK =Y"# JOO . UÔ =^# H# ` =Q
LO@O^ P^ q^j x PiOz =^# H## OKHO@Ok.
4. OHuH i*#O = [=#~ H~`, J L`^H` =O\ PiHa=$k J=~^#
JkQq OK=K.
II. "~
( 5 =~ )
1. Ja=$k P^~OQ =sHi Oz# ~ O_ PiH == q ?

[.
Ja=$k P^~OQ ~ O_ PiH == # Q=xOK=K.

Jq.
1. Ja=$k KOk# PiH ==
2. Ja=$k KO^`# PiH ==
1. Ja=$k KOk# PiH == H} :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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=^# H#~@ JkHO Q LO@Ok.
J`#` q^ =}# =#==#~ +OQ a~.
"~Q # ~ ^ LO_@O.
P~Q, i^ i` J#"# su LO_@O.
88
6. J[#< ~ @, J=~} =, t =~} ~ @ JOQ LO_@O.

7. \ + " # ^=, =^# =~\O_@O.
8. Q Ja=$k KOk# iqH, ^q H H~ LO_@O.
9. [ r=# =}O J`#` ~ LO_@O. D PiH == x =Y H}
O.
L^: J"iH, [<, [~h
2.Ja=$k KO^` L# PiH ==

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
g\< "#H|_# ^x _ JO\~.

[ ì PÔ, *f PÔ ` =.
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J~ ^, @|_, =^# H# LO@Ok.
D^ [ r=# =}O ` =.
t=~}, JkH [## =~} Hx~.
^q H ^ H# J^#OQ LO@Ok.
2. PiH= $k, PiHa=$k =^ L# `~`=x q=iOKO_?

PiHa=$k
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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Wk iy# PÔ qq^ =~ =^ UqÔ Q OK|_< q=iO k.
WO^ Hx P^`~ p _ LO\~.
q^~, P=}O "^# JO# iQ}#xH fHO@Ok.
PiHa=$k XH QO PiH= $k.
<, SZF =O\ O D zH# L y~.
PiH=$k
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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*f PÔ, ì PÔ ~Q ^# zO k.
WO^ P^ p =`" LO\~.
WO\ "\x H OK^ .
PiHa=$kx H=_O XH zHQ L Q_ Òk.
=$kx zHQ Wq iQ}O =
3. PiH == = Y H} q?
[.
89
H}
1. PiH O =#=_ xiOz#@=O\q.
2. PiH O # $+O K=K, <#O K =K. =~=K.
3. ~`^ O Ò`#O`~O 1947 qq^ PiH, =lH O~} ^~ [gO^s
==# `yOz, J<H O~}# " @_O [iyOk.
4. Lù, qxQO, @|_ J<q PiH H H#Q Ju=Y"# H .
6. P^ xH PiH == ^"x qx= =^ =OQ L yOK_O [~QÒk.
4. qa# PiH == # ~x "\ H} # q=iOKO_?

[.
qa# PiH ==
1. @|_^s PiH ==
2. ="^ PiH ==
3. q= PiH ==
1. @|_^s PiH == H}
:
1. ^ # Lù ~OQ ^ OY " @
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2. D q^#O K =~\ == LO@Ok.
3.
, _=O_ ^~ ~x x~i~.
4. H~}
^ # ^ O.
5. H OnH$` }oH == LO_^ .
6. ` *HO K ` =Q LO@Ok.
L^: J"iH OH ~, t= ~
2. ="^ PiH == :
1. D q^#O == Lù, i= # Jh ` Pn#O LO@Ok.
2. H OnH$` }oH == LO@Ok.
3. [ OH = " ^ OQ LO@Ok.
4. PÔ J=#`# `yO K_xH uO k.
5. =~ O ~} D q^#O LO_^ .
L^ : K<
3. q= PiH q^#O :
1. @|_î PiH == H}
, ="^ PiH H}
# Hey LO@Ok.
2. WO^ `, " @
~OQ r=#O K~.
3. Hx ~OQ O|OkOz Ò x~i` ^~ q^<x J#iO k.
4. PiH == Ja=$k H " \ , ` ~OQ x~OKe# `# Ò x~iO k.
L^: ~`^ O
III.
( 1 =~ )
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[. @|_^s, ="^ PiH == H}
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[. @|_^s PiH q^#O.
3.HOnH$` } oH == Hey# PiH == Uk?

[. ="^ PiH q^#O.
90
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2. L=_~ O QO L# PiH == Uk?

Z. @|_î
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@|_^s q^<x J#i# =Y Ô
q^#O
_=O_ ^~ ~x x~i~.
JkH r=# =}O Hey# [
q^#O LO\~.
@|_^s q^<x `yOz
O=`~O ZZP~ H=x[O
J=ìOzOk.
VI. H O
k "xx [`~ O _. (1/2 =~)
1. *OH = O H O
2. ` ~OQO
3. H
4. =^# H#
5. PiH == J~O
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IV.
V.
VI.
91
1. a
2.
3. a.
1. ~`^ O
2. @|_^s q^#O
5. Ja=$k KOk# PiH
6. 1917
1. _.
2.
3. W
4. Z
3. J"iH
5. a.
4. @|_^s
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PiH == =eH =
H
PiH = =O, =eH =, W`~ =Y"# = `_# J~O K HQ~.
=_ =eH = ^ ^q H = QiOz `HQ~.
K `" # PiH == ^~ OÒQO ^~ =eH =# Z i+iOK_O [~QÒ^
`HQ~.
H OnH$` }oHa=$k == D =eH = i~O }oH~K# ZO\ =Y
` =O ^ `HQ~.
=MO
PiH = ZO^ U~_`~.
=#= HiH J#OÒ
=#~ iq`" # q, H~`# q
=#==#~
=#"`~ =#~
XH PiH == =eH =q
Uq Lù K e
Z Lù K e
Z=i HO Lù K e
=eH =# i+iOK_O
=eH = i~O ^~ OÒQO `
=eH = i~O }oH ~K# `
I. OH ( 3 =~ )
1. PiH = H} Uq?
[.
1. =#= HiH J#OÒ :

Z. XH HiH u~Q< =~H HiH L^q LO@Ok.
a. g\x f~Qey# =#~ iqÒQ L<~.
. Jx == ~~t, " # QeQ LzÒQ O H=.
_. =#=_ HiH @
2. =#~ iq`" # q.:
Z. =#~ H~` J<k ~[h#"# k. =eH H}
OQ QiOK=K.
a. =#~ ~ O_ ~H 1. =#= =#~, 2. =#"`~ =#~
92
3. =#~ `= L QO_@O:
Z. =## Jx HiH# XH xi+ =O `$ ~ K _ O ^ O H^.
a. JO^= =[" HiH ^#`# x~iO k.
. HiH ^#`# x~iOK@C_ =[ OH = x ^$+ LOKH"e LO@Ok.
2. PiH == Z^~< =_ =eH =# QiOKO_?

[.
PiH= = Z^~< =_ =eH =

1. Uq Lù K e
2. Z Lù K e
3. Z=i HO Lù K e
II. "~
( 5 =~ )
1. PiH == =eH = q^ # q=iO=?

1. Uq Lù K e
^ [OîH J=~" # Jx = =# Lù K _O ^ O H^ H|\ Uq Lù
K x~iOKH= LO@Ok. JO> P~ ^~# Z= Lù K ^ H~#
Z= Lù K J<k x~~ OKH"e.
2. Z Lù K e
^ [< ^$ =#O ~ O_ ^` # L yOz == # ` ~ K= Jq
1. = ^# O^" # û
2. = O^^ u
D ~ O_O\ Uk i #^ ^ i` # |\ x~~ OK_O [~QÒk.
3. Z=i HO Lù K e
=# Z^~ =~H = Z=i HO Lù K e. L# = =# Z=~ O^`~.
*f L`^# U qÔ Q O} J=Òk J< JOO =Y"# k.
2. PiH == Z^~< =eH = i~O ^~ OÒQO x~OK `#

QiOz KiO KO_. ?
[.
93
1. == # Z Lù K e J<k K =~\ == qq^ Lù^~ =^ L# \

P^~_ LO@Ok.
2. KH# Lù û Z= Ys^# ^x#O L QOxH =O k.
3. ^~ q+ O Lù^~ =^ U~_ \x `@Hx # Qi+O K H"O> Lù
= Hx+O Q LO_@@ K_e =Ok.
4. Lù =O, H^+O \ # OHuH ^` # J#iOK "~ ZO` HO =~\
x=~.
5. #`# OHuH ^` # "~Q # Lù ^` # J#iOK"~ =~\ x|_Q ~.
6. Lù =x Hx+ ~H `yO K_xH JkH = Lù H~H #O J=O
KeO Ke# "\x qxyOK_O ` xi J=Òk.
3. =eH = i~O } oH ~K# ` Uq?

[.
}oH ~K# `
1. H OnH$` }oH|^ PiH == Jx PiH =#~ ` Jn#O< LO\~.
2. =[ OH = O ` ^ `Q LO@Ok.
3. [ J=~ O|OkOz# ~ ^~ Lù H ~O= Òk.
4. }oH == U == # Lù K e, ZO` Lù K x~iO k.
5. P^ J=#`# g# O`Q `yO K_xH uO k.
III.
( 1 =~ )
1. ZOH = ZO^ L`#=Òk
[. =#~ H~` =#
2. PiH = L`#O H=_xH L# =_ =YH~}# Ò_?

[. 1. =#= HiH J#OÒ 2. =#~ iq`" # q. 3. =#~ `= L QO_@O.
3. =#~ H} ~ O_O\x ~#=?

[. 1. =#~ iq`=~#q, H~` J~#q.
2. =#~ `= L QO_@O.
IV.D H O
k Mm# iOKO_. ( 1 =~ )
1. @|_^s PiH == =eH =#

2. +e PiH == =eH =#
3. =~\ ^~ OÒQO
xK O k.
i+iOKk
i+iOKk.
=i
^~
V. H O
k "xx [`~ O _. (1/2 =~)
1. +e PiH ==
2. =^# O^ û
3. =O^^ u
4. Z=iHO Lù K e
(
(
(
(
)
)
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Z. Hi# yOz == # ` ~ K _O
a. =eH =
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