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Book 1 in English

The Mahabharata in Sanskrit

Book 1
Chapter 1
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nryaa namasktya nara caiva narottamam

dev sarasvat caiva tato jayam udrayet
1 lomaharaaputra ugrarav sta pauriko
naimiraye aunakasya kulapater dvdaavrike
satre
2 samsnn abhyagacchad brahmarn
saitavratn
vinayvanato bhtv kad cit stanandana
3 tam ramam anuprpta naimirayavsina
citr rotu kaths tatra parivavrus tapasvina
4 abhivdya muns ts tu sarvn eva ktjali
apcchat sa tapovddhi sadbhi caivbhinandita
5 atha tepavieu sarvev eva tapasviu
nirdiam sana bheje vinayl lomaharai
6 sukhsna tatas ta tu virntam upalakya ca
athpcchad is tatra ka cit prastvayan kath
7 kta gamyate saute kva cya vihtas tvay
kla kamalapatrka asaitat pcchato mama
8 [sta]
janamejayasya rjare sarpasatre mahtmana
sampe prthivendrasya samyak prikitasya ca
9 kadvaipyana prokt supuy vividh kath
kathit cpi vidhivad y vaiampyanena vai
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The Mahabharata in Sanskrit: Book 1: Chapter 1

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rutvha t vicitrrth mahbhrata sarit

bahni saparikramya trthny yatanni ca
11 samantapacaka nma puya dvijanievitam
gatavn asmi ta dea yuddha yatrbhavat
pur
pavn kur ca sarve ca mahkitm
12 didkur gatas tasmt sampa bhavatm iha
yumanta sarva eva brahmabht hi me mat
13 asmin yaje mahbhg sryapvaka varcasa
ktbhiek ucaya ktajapy hutgnaya
bhavanta sate svasth bravmi kim aha dvij
14 purasarit puy kath v
dharmasarit
itivtta narendrm ca mahtmanm
15 [rsayah]
dvaipyanena yat prokta pura paramari
surair brahmaribhi caiva rutv yad abhipjitam
16 tasykhyna varihasya vicitrapadaparvaa
skmrtha nyyayuktasya vedrthair bhitasya
ca
17 bhratasyetihsasya puy granthrtha
sayutm
saskropagat brhm nnstropabhitm
18 janamejayasya y rjo vaiampyana uktavn
yathvat sa is tuy satre dvaipyanjay
19 vedai caturbhi samit vysasydbhuta
karmaa
sahit rotum icchmo dharmy
ppabhaypahm
20 [sta]
dya puruam na puruhta puru utam
tam ekkara brahma vyaktvyakta
santanam
21 asac ca sac caiva ca yad viva sad asata param
parvar srara pura param avyayam
22 magalya magala viu vareyam anagha
ucim
namasktya hkea carcaraguru harim
23 mahare pjitasyeha sarvaloke mahtmana
pravakymi mata ktsna vysasymita tejasa
24 cakhyu kavaya ke cit sapratycakate pare
khysyanti tathaivnye itihsam ima bhuvi
25 ida tu triu lokeu mahaj jna pratihitam
vistarai ca samsai ca dhryate yad dvijtibhi
26 alakta ubhai abdai samayair
divyamnuai
chando vttai ca vividhair anvita vidu
priyam
27 niprabhe 'smin nirloke sarvatas tamasvte
bhad aam abhd eka prajn bjam
akayam
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28 yugasydau nimitta tan mahad divya

pracakate
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yasmis tac chryate satya jyotir brahma
santanam
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avyakta kraa skma yat tat sadasad
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brahm suraguru sthur manu ka paramehy
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tata prajn pataya prbhavann ekaviati
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savatsarartavo ms pakho rtraya kramt
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yac cnyad api tat sarva sabhta
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36 yad ida dyate ki cid bhta
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sthvarajagamam
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puna sakipyate sarva jagat prpte yugakaye
37
yathartv tuligni nnrpi paryaye
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dyante tni tny eva tath bhv yugdiu
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38 evam etad andy anta bhtasahra krakam
andi nidhana loke cakra saparivartate
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trayas triac ca devn si sakepa laka
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diva putro bhad bhnu cakur tm vibhvasu
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41 putr vivasvata sarve mahyas te tathvara
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deva bhr tanayas tasya tasmt subhr iti smta
42 subhrjas tu traya putr prajvanto bahurut
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daa jyoti atajyoti sahasrajyotir tmavn
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43 daa putrasahasri daa jyoter mahtmana
tato daagu cnye atajyoter ihtmaj
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46 bhtasthnni sarvi rahasya vividha ca yat
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veda yoga savijna dharmo 'rtha kma eva
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47 dharmakmrtha stri stri vividhni ca
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48 itihs savaiykhy vividh rutayo 'pi ca
iha sarvam anukrntam ukta granthasya

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lakaam
49 vistryaitan mahaj jnam i sakepam abravt
ia hi vidu loke samsa vysa dhraam
50 manvdi bhrata ke cid stkdi tathpare
tathoparicardy anye vipr samyag adhyate
51 vividha sahit jna dpayanti mania
vykhytu kual ke cid grantha dhrayitu
pare
52 tapas brahmacaryea vyasya veda santanam
itihsam ima cakre puya satyavat suta
53 parartmajo vidvn brahmari saitavrata
mtur niyogd dharmtm ggeyasya ca
dhmata
54 ketre vicitravryasya kadvaipyana pur
trn agnn iva kauravy janaym sa vryavn
55 utpdya dhtarra ca pu viduram eva ca
jagma tapase dhmn punar evrama prati
56 teu jteu vddheu gateu param gatim
abravd bhrata loke mnue 'smin mahn i
57 janamejayena pa san brhmaai ca sahasraa
asa iyam sna vaiampyanam antike
58 sa sadasyai sahsna rvaym sa bhratam
karmntareu yajasya codyamna puna puna
59 vistara kuruvaasya gndhry dharmalatm
kattu praj dhti kunty samyag
dvaipyano 'bravt
60 vsudevasya mhtmya pavn ca
satyatm
durvtta dhrtarrm uktavn bhagavn i
61 caturviatishasr cakre bhrata sahitm
upkhynair vin tvad bhrata procyate
budhai
62 tato 'dhyardhaata bhya sakepa ktavn
i
anukramaim adhyya vttntn saparvam
63 ida dvaipyana prva putram adhypayac
chukam
tato 'nyebhyo 'nurpebhya iyebhya pradadau
prabhu
64 nrado 'rvayad devn asito devala pitn
gandharvayakaraksi rvaym sa vai uka
65 duryodhano manyumayo mahdruma; skandha
kara akunis tasya kh
dusana pupaphale samddhe; mla rj
dhtarro 'man
66 yudhihiro dharmamayo mahdruma; skandho
'rjuno bhmaseno 'sya kh
mdr sutau pupaphale samddhe; mla ko
brahma ca brhma ca
67 pur jitv bahn den yudh vikramaena ca
araye mgay lo nyavasat sajanas tad

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mgavyavya nidhane kcchr prpa sa padam

janmaprabhti prthn tatrcra vidhikrama
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69 mtror abhyupapatti ca dharmopaniada prati
dharmasya vyo akrasya devayo ca tathvino
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70 tpasai saha savddh mtbhy parirakit
58 
medhyrayeu puyeu mahatm rameu ca
71 ibhi ca tadnt dhrtarrn prati svayam
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iava cbhirp ca jail brahmacria
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72 putr ca bhrtara ceme iy ca suhda ca va
pav eta ity uktv munayo 'ntarhits tata
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73 ts tair niveditn dv pavn kauravs tad

i ca var paur ye te harc cukruur

bham
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74 hu ke cin na tasyaite tasyaita iti cpare

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yad ciramta pu katha tasyeti cpare
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75 svgata sarvath diy po payma
satatim
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ucyat svgatam iti vco 'ryanta sarvaa
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76 tasminn uparate abde dia sarv vindayan

antarhitn bhtn nisvanas tumulo 'bhavat
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san pravee prthn tad adbhutam ivbhavat
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abda sn mahs tatra divaspk krtivardhana
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79 te 'py adhtykhiln ved stri vividhni ca
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nyavasan pavs tatra pjit akutobhay
80 yudhihirasya aucena prt praktayo 'bhavan

dhty ca bhmasenasya vikramerjunasya ca
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tutoa loka sakalas te auryaguena ca
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prptavn arjuna k ktv karma
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83 tata prabhti loke 'smin pjya
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ditya iva duprekya samarev api cbhavat
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84 sa sarvn prthiv jitv sarv ca mahato gan
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jahrrjuno rje rjasya mahkratum
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annavn dakiv ca sarvai samudito guai
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yudhihirea saprpto rjasyo mahkratu
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86 sunayd vsudevasya bhmrjunabalena ca
ghtayitv jarsadha caidya ca balagarvitam
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87 duryodhanam upgacchann arhani tatas tata
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pavnm upaht sa dv paryatapyata

yatrvahasita cst praskandann iva sabhramt
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pratyaka vsudevasya bhmennabhijtavat
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sa bhogn vividhn bhujan ratnni vividhni ca
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kathito dhtarrasya vivaro haria ka
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92 anvajnd ato dyta dhtarra sutapriya
tac chrutv vsudevasya kopa samabhavan
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93 ntiprti man csd vivd cnvamodata
dytdn anayn ghorn pravddh cpy
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94 nirasya vidura droa bhma radvata
kpam
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vigrahe tumule tasminn ahan katra parasparam
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95 jayatsu puputreu rutv sumahad apriyam
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duryodhana mata jtv karasya akunes tath

dhtarra cira dhytv sajaya vkyam
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96 u sajaya me sarva na me 'syitum arhasi

rutavn asi medhv buddhimn prjasamata
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muhyanta cnumuhymi duryodhanam acetanam
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99 rjasye riya dv pavasya mahaujasa
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tac cvahasana prpya sabhrohaa darane
100 amarita svaya jetum aakta pavn rae
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nirutsha ca saprptu riyam akatriyo yath



gndhrarjasahita chadma dytam amantrayat
101
tatra yad yad yath jta may sajaya tac
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rutv hi mama vkyni buddhy yuktni tattvata
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tato jsyasi m saute praj cakuam ity uta
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102 yadraua dhanur yamya citra; viddha
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lakya ptita vai pthivym
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k ht payat sarvarj; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
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103 yadraua dvraky subhadr;

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prasahyoh mdhavm arjunena
indraprastha vivrau ca ytau; tad nase
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vijayya sajaya
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104 yadraua devarja prava; arair divyair
vrita crjunena
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vijayya sajaya
105 yadraua htarjya yudhihira; parjita
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saubalenkavatym
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anvgata bhrtbhir aprameyais; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
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106 yadraua draupadm arukah;

sabh
nt dukhitm ekavastrm
rajasval nthavatm anthavat; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
107 yadraua vividhs tta ce; dharmtman
prasthitn vanya
jyehaprty kliyat pavn; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
108 yadraua sntakn sahasrair; anvgata
dharmarja vanastham
bhikbhuj brhman mahtman; tad
nase vijayya sajaya
109 yadrauam arjuno devadeva; kirta rpa
tryambaka toya yuddhe
avpa tat pupata mahstra; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
110 yadraua tridivastha dhanajaya; akrt
skd divyam astra yathvat
adhyna asita satyasadha; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
111 yadraua vairavaena srdha; samgata
bhmam any ca prthn
tasmin dee mnum agamye; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
112 yadraua ghoaytr gatn; bandha
gandharvair mokaa crjunena
sve sutn kara buddhau ratn; tad
nase vijayya sajaya
113 yadraua yakarpea dharma; samgata
dharmarjena sta
prann uktn vibruvanta ca samyak; tad
nase vijayya sajaya
114 yadraua mmakn varihn;
dhanajayenaika rathena bhagnn
vira rre vasat mahtman; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
115 yadraua satkt matsyarj; sut dattm
uttarm arjunya
t crjuna pratyaght sutrthe; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
116 yadraua nirjitasydhanasya; pravrjitasya
svajant pracyutasya
akauhi sapta yudhihirasya; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
117 yadraua naranryaau tau; krjunau
vadato nradasya
aha dra brahmaloke sadeti; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
118 yadraua mdhava vsudeva; sarvtman
pavrthe niviam
yasyem g vikramam ekam hus; tad

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nase vijayya sajaya

119 yadraua karaduryodhanbhy; buddhi
kt nigrahe keavasya
ta ctmna bahudh darayna; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
120 yadraua vsudeve prayte; rathasyaikm
agratas tihamnm
rt pth sntvit keavena; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
121 yadraua mantria vsudeva; tath
bhma tanava ca tem
bhradvja cio 'nubruva; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
122 yadraua kara uvca bhma; nha
yotsye yudhyamne tvayti
hitv senm apacakrma caiva; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
123 yadraua vsudevrjunau tau; tath dhanur
givam aprameyam
try ugravryi samgatni; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
124 yadraua kamalenbhipanne; rathopasthe
sdamne 'rjune vai
ka lokn darayna arre; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
125 yadraua bhmam amitrakarana;
nighnantam jv ayuta rathnm
nai ka cid vadhyate dyarpas; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
126 yadraua bhmam atyantara; hata
prthenhavev apradhyam
ikhaina purata sthpayitv; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
127 yadraua aratalpe ayna; vddha vra
sdita citrapukhai
bhma ktv somakn alpaes; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
128 yadraua tanave ayne; pnyrthe
coditenrjunena
bhmi bhittv tarpita tatra bhma; tad
nase vijayya sajaya
129 yadraua ukrasryau ca yuktau;
kaunteynm anulomau jayya
nitya csm vpad vybhaantas; tad
nase vijayya sajaya
130 yad droo vividhn astramrgn; vidarayan
samare citrayodh
na pav rehatamn nihanti; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
131 yadraua csmadyn mahrathn;
vyavasthitn arjunasyntakya

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sasaptakn nihatn arjunena; tad nase

vijayya sajaya
132 yadraua vyham abhedyam anyair;
bhradvjentta astrea guptam
bhittv saubhadra vram eka pravia; tad
nase vijayya sajaya
133 yadbhimanyu parivrya bla; sarve hatv
harp babhvu
mahrath prtham aaknuvantas; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
134 yadrauam abhimanyu nihatya; harn
mhn kroato dhrtarrn
krodha mukta saindhave crjunena; tad
nase vijayya sajaya
135 yadraua saindhavrthe pratij; pratijt
tad vadhyrjunena
saty nistr atrumadhye ca; tena tad
nase vijayya sajaya
136 yadraua rntahaye dhanajaye; muktv
hayn pyayitvopavttn
punar yuktv vsudeva prayta; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
137 yadraua vhanev vasatsu; rathopasthe
tihat givena
sarvn yodhn vritn arjunena; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
138 yadraua ngabalair durutsaha; dronka
yuyudhna pramathya
yta vreya yatra tau ka prthau; tad
nase vijayya sajaya
139 yadraua karam sdya mukta; vadhd
bhma kutsayitv vacobhi
dhanukoy tudya karena vra; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
140 yad droa ktavarm kpa ca; karo drauir
madrarja ca ra
amarayan saindhava vadhyamna; tad
nase vijayya sajaya
141 yadraua devarjena datt; divy akti
vyasit mdhavena
ghaotkace rkase ghorarpe; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
142 yadraua kara ghaotkacbhy; yuddhe
mukt staputrea aktim
yay vadhya samare savyasc; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
143 yadraua droam cryam eka;
dhadyumnenbhyatikramya dharmam
rathopasthe pryagata viasta; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
144 yadraua drauin dvairathastha;

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mdrputra nakula lokamadhye

sama yuddhe pava yudhyamna; tad

nase vijayya sajaya

145 yad droe nihate droaputro; nryaa divyam
122  A;  g

astra vikurvan
?
naim anta gatavn pavn; tad nase
vijayya sajaya
D P ; (
146 yadraua karam atyantara; hata

prthenhavev apradhyam
tasmin bhrt vigrahe deva guhye; tad
123  ; &
nase vijayya sajaya
6
147 yadraua droaputra kpa ca; dusana
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yudhihira nyam adharayanta; tad

nase vijayya sajaya

124 _%4; 
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dharmarjena sta

sad sagrme spardhate ya sa ka; tad

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149 yadraua kalahadytamla; mybala

saubala pavena
125 A %; ?v4
hata sagrme sahadevena ppa; tad nase
vijayya sajaya

150 yadraua rntam eka ayna; hrada
3 g S_R; ( gatv stambhayitv tad ambha
duryodhana viratha bhagnadarpa; tad

nase vijayya sajaya

126 A 4; CA
151 yadraua pavs tihamnn; gag
hrade vsudevena srdham
6A
amaraa dharayata suta me; tad nase
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152 yadraua vividhs tta mrgn; gadyuddhe

maala sacarantam
127 a ; >

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mithy hata vsudevasya buddhy; tad nase
A  a;
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153 yadraua droaputrdibhis tair; hatn
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pcln draupadey ca suptn
128 ; C D

kta bbhatsamaya asya ca karma; tad

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154 yadraua bhmasennuytena; avatthmn

paramstra prayuktam
kruddhenaikam avadhd yena garbha; tad
129 P

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nase vijayya sajaya

155 yadraua brahmairo 'rjunena mukta;

svastty astram astrea ntam
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(
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156 yadraua droaputrea garbhe; vairy vai
130 (( ; (
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parasparebhipai apa
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gndhr putrapautrair vihn; tath

vadhva pitbhir bhrtbhi ca
(
kta krya dukara paveyai; prpta
rjyam
asapatna punas tai
131  ; 
158 kaa yuddhe daa e rut me; trayo
4
'smka pavn ca sapta
dvyn viatir hatkauhin; tasmin
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sagrme vigrahe katriym

159 tamas tv abhyavastro moha viatva mm

saj nopalabhe sta mano vihvalatva me
132
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mrcchita punar vasta sajaya vkyam
abravt
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133 %4 9 ; C  IAR
stoka hy api na paymi phala jvitadhrae
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gvalgair ida dhmn mahrtha vkyam

abravt
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dvaipyanasya vadato nradasya ca dhmata
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164 mahatsu rjavaeu guai samuditeu ca
jtn divystravidua akra pratimatejasa
M 4 
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165 dharmea pthiv jitv yajair ivpta dakiai

asmil loke yaa prpya tata klavaa gat

166
vainya mahratha vra sjaya jayat
135 4C ?U; ?U
varam


suhotra ranti deva ca kakvanta tathauijam

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vivmitram amitraghnam ambara mahbalam

168 marutta manum ikvku gaya bharatam eva

ca
136 4 ; M


rma darathi caiva aabindu bhagratham

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169 yayti ubhakarma devair yo yjita

svayam
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caityaypkit bhmir yasyeya savankar

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137 A _;  ?A
putraokbhitaptya pur aibyya krtit
171 tebhya cnye gat prva rjno balavattar
&
mahrath mahtmna sarvai samudit guai
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; ( 172 pru kurur yadu ro vivag avo mahdhti
anen yuvanva ca kakutstho vikram raghu

173 vijit vti hotra ca bhava veto bhad guru

138 O
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174 dambhodbhava paro vena sagara saktir
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ajeya parau pura ambhur devvdho
'nagha

175 devhvaya supratima supratko bhadratha

139  ; M;
mahotsho vinttm sukratur naiadho nala
176 satyavrata ntabhaya sumitra subala
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157 ocy

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prabhu
jnu jagho 'narayo 'rka priya bhtya
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ubhavrata
177 balabandhur nirmarda ketugo bhadbala

dhaketur bhat ketur dptaketur nirmaya

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mahpura sabhvya pratyaga parah

ruti
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179 ete cnye ca bahava atao 'tha sahasraa
ryante 'yutaa cnye sakhyt cpi padmaa

180 hitv suvipuln bhogn buddhimanto mahbal

141 ; D^ M %
rjno nidhana prpts tava putrair mahattam
181 ye divyni karmi vikramas tyga eva ca

mhtmyam api cstikya satyat aucam rjavam

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182 vidvadbhi kathyate loke purai kavi sattamai
142  *; > M 
sarvarddhi guasapanns te cpi nidhana gat

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M
lubdh durvtta bhyih na t ocitum arhasi
g ^; (
184 rutavn asi medhv buddhimn prjasamata
ye strnug buddhir na te muhyanti bhrata

185 nigrahnugrahau cpi viditau te nardhipa

143  ;
ntyantam evnuvtti ryate putra rakae
186 bhavitavya tath tac ca nta ocitum arhasi
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daiva praj vieea ko nivartitum arhati
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klamlam ida sarva bhvbhvau sukhsukhe

188 kla pacati bhtni kla saharati praj

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nirdahanta praj kla kla amayate puna
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g
kla sakipate sarv praj visjate puna
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kla sarveu bhteu caraty avidhta sama
190
attngat bhv ye ca vartanti spratam
145 ? 
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tn klanirmitn buddhv na saj htum arhasi

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191 [s]
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atropaniada puy kadvaipyano 'bravt
bhratdhyayant puyd api pdam adhyata

raddadhnasya pyante sarvappny aeata

146  4; CA
192 devarayo hy atra puy brahma rjarayas tath
krtyante ubhakarmas tath yakamahorag
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193 bhagavn vsudeva ca krtyate 'tra santana

; ( sa hi satyam ta caiva pavitra puyam eva ca
( /
194 vata brahma parama dhruva jyoti

santanam
147 
;   yasya divyni karmi kathayanti mania
195 asat sat sad asac caiva yasmd devt pravartate
3A 4 4; (
satati ca pravtti ca janmamtyu punarbhava

196 adhytma ryate yac ca paca

bhtagutmakam
148 ? K; 
avyaktdi para yac ca sa eva parigyate
  A; ( 197 yat tad yati var yukt dhynayogabalnvit
pratibimbam ivdare payanty tmany avasthitam
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sadodyukta
satyadharmaparyaa
149 ;; &
sevann imam adhyya nara ppt pramucyate
199
anukramaim adhyya bhratasyemam dita

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stika satata van na kcchrev avasdati
150 4 ; 
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kilbit
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anukramay yvat syd ahn rtry ca sacitam

k ( V\; (
201 bhratasya vapur hy etat satya cmtam eva ca
nava nta yath dadhno dvipad brhmao
151 & ?A; `

yath

202 hradnm udadhi reho gaur varih
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yathaitni varihni tath bharatam ucyate
152 (( ; > &
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akayyam annapna tat pits tasyopatihati
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bibhety alparutd vedo mm aya pratariyati

205
kra vedam ima vidv rvayitvrtham
153 
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saaya
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206 ya ima ucir adhyya pahet parvai parvai

adhta bhrata tena ktsna syd iti me mati

207
ya cema uyn nityam ra
154 ; _H 
raddhsamanvita
M
sa drgham yu krti ca svargati cpnuyn
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208 catvra ekato ved bhrata caikam ekata

samgatai suraribhis tulm ropita pur

mahattve ca gurutve ca dhriyama tato 'dhikam
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niruktam asya yo veda sarvappai pramucyate
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veda vidhir na kalka

prasahya vittharaa na kalkas; tny eva

156 
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198 raddadhna


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The Mahabharata in Sanskrit: Book 1: Chapter 1

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The Mahabharata in Sanskrit: Book 1: Chapter 1

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208

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Next: Chapter 2

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