P-value Calculation

If the test statistic is z, Research Hypothesis Rejection Region z > z z < -z z < -z/2 or z > z/2 z > z z < -z z < -z/2 or z > z/2 z > z z < -z z < -z/2 or z > z/2 P-value P(z > zcalculated) P(z < zcalculated) 2P(z > zcalculated )

Ha: > o Ha: < o Ha: = / o Ha: p > po Ha: p < po Ha: p / = po Ha: > o Ha: < o Ha: = / o

P(z > zcalculated) P(z < zcalculated) 2P(z > zcalculated )

P(z > zcalculated) P(z < zcalculated) 2P(z > zcalculated )

If the test statistic is t, Research Hypothesis Rejection Region t > t t < -t t < -t/2 or t > t/2 t > t t < -t t < -t/2 or t > t/2 P-value P(t > tcalculated) P(t < tcalculated) 2P(t > tcalculated )

Ha: > o Ha: < o Ha: = / o Ha: > o Ha: < o Ha: = / o

P(t > tcalculated) P(t < tcalculated) 2P(t > tcalculated )

If the test statistic is F, Research Hypothesis Rejection Region P-value

Ha: 12 = / 22

F > F/2,

num, dem

2P(F > Fcalculated)

The test statistic is F =

. Let num = degrees of freedom for

smax2 and den = degrees of freedom for smin2.

Ha: 12 < 22

F > F,

num, dem

P(F > Fcalculated)

The test statistic is F =

. Let num = n2 -1

and den = n1 - 1.

Ha: 12 > 22

F > F,

num, dem

P(F > Fcalculated)

The test statistic is F =

. Let num = n1 -1

and den = n2 - 1.

The test statistic, F, is often used for hypotheses other than those listed above. The computation of the p-value depends upon the type of rejection region the test uses. If the test statistic is Research Hypothesis Rejection Region

2r and

r = degrees of freedom, P-value 2P( r2 <

Ha: 2 = / o2

r2 < 2r,
or

1-/2

2calculated) if 2calculated < r 2calculated) if 2calculated > r

r2 > 2r, /2

or 2P( r2 < P( r2 <

Ha: 2 > o2

r2 > 2r, r2 < 2r,1-

2calculated) 2calculated)

Ha: 2 < o2

P( r2 <

The test statistic, 2r, is often used for hypotheses other than those listed above. The computation of the p-value depends upon the type of rejection region the test uses.