TP ON DU KH VIT NAM TRNG I HC DU KH VIT NAM

Ha V c

CBGD Email

: TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung : nhungntp@pvu.edu.vn

Thng tin chung

Ging vin:
Dy l thuyt & bi tp: Nguyn Th Phng Nhung Dy l thc tp: Dng Ch Trung + Nguyn Th

Phng Nhung

Email:
nhungntp@pvu.edu.vn trungdc@pvu.edu.vn

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

Ha V C

Thng tin chung

Lin lc vi ging vin: Qua email (hoan nghnh) Gp trc tip

ti BR: t 8h-11 gi cc sng th 2 trong tun

VT: Cc ngy cn li trong tun (8h-17h)

Di ng t 8h ti 17h: 01683-083-495 in thoi bn: 064 355 4586

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

Ha V C

Thng tin chung

Thi gian hc: T 13h-18h 4 tit l thuyt & 1 tit bi tp

2 tit l thuyt 3 tit bi tp

Phng hc: A1302 S tit ch: S tn ch: 3, tng s 45 tit hc:

L thuyt: 28 tit Bi tp: 6 tit

Th nghim: 9 bui T hc: 90 gi

Kim tra: 2 tit

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

Ha V C

Thng tin chung

L thuyt: bt u t tun 1 ngy 9/09/13 n tun 14

ngy 02/12/13
Bi tp bt u t tun th 3 ngy 23/09/13 n ngy

02/12/13
Thc hnh bt u t tun th 12 (tc ngy 18/11/13->

cha c lch c th)

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

Ha V C

Nguyn tc chung
1. Khng i hc mun 2. Khng s dng in thoi, ipad, my tnh trong lp 3. Ra ngoi th khng tr li lp trong vng 5 pht, qu

gi th xin i tit sau

4. Khng lm n trong gi
5. Yu cu:

Np bi tp v tiu lun ng ngy Np mun 1 ngy tr 25% s im

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

Ha V C

Cch tnh im

im qu trnh: 25% Chuyn cn: 5% Thc hnh: 15%

Tiu lun & bi tp: 5%

im thi gia k: 25% (Tun 9 thng 11) im thi cui k: 50% (Tun 18 thng 1)

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Phn nhm
Tng s sinh vin: 40 ngi Chia 2 nhm: mi nhm 20 ngi Thc hnh 2 ngi 1 nhm nh (1 nam & 1 n, hoc 2

nam)
Yu cu:
Lp trng phn nhm a li danh sch cho ging vin bao gm: Tn sinh

vin, a ch email v s in thoi

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

Ha V C

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Ha hc v c, L Mu Quyn, NXB Khoa hc v k

thut, 1999
2. Bi tp ha v c, Triu Th Nguyt, NXB Gio Dc,

2011
3. Ba tp ha v c, Hong Nhm, NXB Gio Dc, 2000 4. Ha hc v c, Nguyn c Vn (tp 1 & tp 2) 5. C s l thuyt ha hc, Nguyn Hnh, NXB Gio Dc,

1998

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

Ha V C

Th no l ha v c?

Ha v c l g?

i tng nghin cu?

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung Ha V C

10

Vi tr ca ha v c ?

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Vi tr ca ha v c
Phm vi ng dng ca ha v c i vi nhng mn ha khc:
i vi ha hu c: Trong qu trnh sn xut nhng sn

phm ha hu c thng s dng nhng vt liu v c

Ha sinh: S dng kim loi trong qu trnh bio Ha vt liu: S dng nhng vt liu v c ch to

nhng thit b bn dn.

Ha mi trng: S dng nhng vt liu v c lc

tch cht bn, hay trong vic bo v nhng phng x nguy him.
TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung Ha V C

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Mc ch
Mc ch:

Nm bt kin thc c bn v ha hc cc nguyn t lm nn tng cho nhng mn hc tip theo.

Rn luyn k nng nghin cu khoa hc v lm thc nghim v c

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Chng 1
Chng 1: L Thuyt V Cc Qu Trnh Ha Hc

1. iu kin xy ra mt phn ng ha hc
2. Tc phn ng ha hc 3. Cn bng ha hc

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Chng 1
Chng 1: L Thuyt V Cc Qu Trnh Ha Hc

1. iu kin xy ra mt phn ng ha hc
2. Tc phn ng ha hc 3. Cn bng ha hc

Phn hc ny c hc trong ha i cng Nhc li mt s kin thc

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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iu kin xy ra mt phn ng

iu kin nhit ng:

G<0

iu kin ng hc:

v phi ln

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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iu kin xy ra mt phn ng

v tng khi:
1. Tng nhit 2. Dng cht xc tc

3. Tng nng (hoc tng p sut nu l cht kh)

4. Dng dung mi thch hp 5. Tng din tch tip xc gia cc cht phn ng (rn-

lng-kh)

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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iu kin xy ra mt phn ng
V d: Cgr + O2(k) CO2(k) G0298 = - 394,38kj/mol <<0,

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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iu kin xy ra mt phn ng
V d: Cgr + O2(k) CO2(k) G0298 = - 394,38kj/mol <<0,
298K phn ng l thun li v mt nhit ng, nhng thc t nhit ny phn ng trn khng xy ra

v tc phn ng qu nh. Cacbon graphit ch chy trong oxi tinh khit nhit khong 7000C

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Tnh ton: G

G ?????

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Tc phn ng
Tc phn ng????

a A + b B = gG + hH

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Chng2
Chapter 2: nh Lut Tun Hon v Bng Tun Hon Cc Nguyn T Ha Hc 2.1 nh lut tun hon v bng tun hon 2.2 Quy lut bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Chng2
Chapter 2: nh Lut Tun Hon v Bng Tun Hon Cc Nguyn T Ha Hc 2.1 nh lut tun hon v bng tun hon 2.2 Quy lut bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Bng tun hon

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Bng tun hon

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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nh lut tun hon v BTH

Nguyn tc sp xp

Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn nguyn t.

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Bng tun hon Cc nguyn t c s electron ha tr trong nguyn t nh nhau c xp thnh mt ct.

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Bng tun hon

Cc nguyn t cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c sp xp thnh mt hng.

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Bng tun hon

Tnh cht chung ca Phi Kim ???

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Bng tun hon

Tnh cht chung ca Kim Loi???

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Bng tun hon

Tnh cht chung ca Cht Bn Dn???

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Kch thc nguyn t

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Kch thc nguyn t

Tng t trn xung di

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Nng lng ion ha

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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 m in

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Chng 3
Chng 3: Nng Lng Lin Kt Ha Hc 3.1 Nng lng mng li ion 3.2 Nng lng lin kt cng ha tr 3.3 Nng lng sonvat ha ion

3.4 Nng lng lin kt yu

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Nng lng mng li ion

L nng lng cn thit ph v mt mol hp cht ion

th rn thnh cc ion t do trng thi kh, c bn.

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Nng lng lin kt cng ha tr

L nng lng cn thit ph v lin kt gia hai

nguyn t trong phn t trng thi kh

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Nng lng sonvat ha ion

Nng lng solvat ha: L nng lng ta ra khi mt

mol ion th kh tan vo dung mi to thnh dung dch long v cng

Nu dung mi l nc th nng lng ny gi l nng

lng hidrat ha
Nng lng solvat ha thng c tnh theo phng

trnh : Gs= Hs-TSs

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Nng lng lin kt yu

Nng lng lin kt hidro Nng lng tng tc Van der Waals

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Chng 4
Chng 4: Phn ng Trong Dung Dch Cc Cht in Li 4.1 nh gi chiu hng v mc xy ra ca cc phn ng trong dung dch cht in li 4.2 Phn ng axit bazo 4.3 Phn ng to phc 4.4 Phn ng oxi ha kh 4.5 Phn ng to thnh hp cht t tan

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Chng 4
Chng 4: Phn ng Trong Dung Dch Cc Cht in Li 4.1 nh gi chiu hng v mc xy ra ca cc phn ng trong dung dch cht in li 4.2 Phn ng axit bazo 4.3 Phn ng to phc 4.4 Phn ng oxi ha kh 4.5 Phn ng to thnh hp cht t tan

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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4.1
4.1 nh gi chiu hng v mc xy ra ca cc phn ng trong dung dch cht in li
Nhc li mt s khi nim

nh gi chiu hng v mc

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Nhc li mt s khi nim

1. Dung dch l g? 2. Cht in li l g? 3. in li l g? 4. C my loi cht in li? 5. Hng s cn bng?

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Nhc li mt s khi nim

3. in li l g? : = n/no 4. C my loi cht in li? cht c nng 0,1M

nhit phng: ** >3 Mnh

** 0,03 < <3 Trung bnh

** <0,03 Yu

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Nhc li mt s khi nim

5. Hng s cn bng aA bB + cC Kcb = (B)b(C)c/(A)a

in li ca dung dch axit HA 2M l 0,95 %. Tnh hng s phn li ca axit HA

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Nhc li mt s khi nim

iu kin xy ra PHH : G= H-TS= G + RTlnK < 0 Thi im cb: G=0 G=-RTlnKcb=-2,303RTlgKCb

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Nhc li mt s khi nim

t nht : Cht kt ta Cht in li yu cht bay hi

(1) Cl-+ Ag+ (2) CH3COO- + H+ (3) CO32- + 2H+

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

AgCl

CH3COOH
H2O +CO2
Ha V C 48

Nhc li mt s khi nim

Nhiu phn ng khc nhau
nh gi bn nh lng: Da vo gi tr ca hng s cn

K V nh gi nh lng: nng cc cht to thnh ln

bng

[nng ]

(1) HCOOH + H2O (2) HCN + H2O

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

HCOO- + H3O+ K=2.10-4 CN- + H3O+

Ha V C

K=5.10-10
49

K >> K qu trnh (1) xy ra ch yu

Chng 4
Chng 4: Phn ng Trong Dung Dch Cc Cht in Li 4.1 nh gi chiu hng v mc xy ra ca cc phn ng trong dung dch cht in li 4.2 Phn ng axit bazo 4.3 Phn ng to phc 4.4 Phn ng oxi ha kh 4.5 Phn ng to thnh hp cht t tan

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Phn ng axit bazo

nh ngha axit bazo theo Areniut (phn li ra H+ v phn

li ra OH-),
theo bronstet (nhng proton v thu proton),

theo Liuyt (nhp cp electron v cho cp electron)

Phn ng: A1 + B2 B1 + A2 o Khi A1 v B2 cng mnh V ln o Khi A1 yu v B2 yu V ph thuc vo Ka v Kb

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Phn ng axit bazo

Dnh gi mc P ca HCN vi CH3NH2 bit:

HCN + H2O CH3NH2 + H2O H3 O+ + OH-

CN-+ H3O+ Ka=10-9,35 CH3NH3++ OH- Kb=10-3,40

2H2O Kw=1014

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Chng 4
Chng 4: Phn ng Trong Dung Dch Cc Cht in Li 4.1 nh gi chiu hng v mc xy ra ca cc phn ng trong dung dch cht in li 4.2 Phn ng axit bazo 4.3 Phn ng to phc 4.4 Phn ng oxi ha kh 4.5 Phn ng to thnh hp cht t tan

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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4.3 Phn ng to phc

4.3.1 S to phc trong dung dch

4.3.2 nh gi mc phn ng to phc

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Phc Cht
nh ngha: l cht c to thnh t nhng thnh phn n gin (phn t, ion), c kh nng tn ti trong dung dch
[Ag(NH3)]Cl

[Ag(NH3)]+ (ion phc)

Ag+ H+ I-

+ 2NH3

Ag(NH3)2+ NH4+ I3-

Cl (ion i)

+ NH3 + 3SCN-

+ I2

Fe3+

Fe(SCN)3

Phn loi: phc ion dng, ion m, hoc khng mang in

55

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

Ha V C

Phc Cht

bn ca phc cht:
Ph thuc vo bn cht ion trung tm v phi t. c nh gi thng qua hng s bn, hng s bn ca tng nc hay hng s khng bn.

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Phc Cht
Phc kim loai + phi t tng nc

Cu2+

+ NH3
+ NH3 NH3

Cu(NH3)2+ K1=103,99
Cu(NH3)22+ K2=103,34 Cu(NH3)32+ K3=102,73

Cu(NH3)2+

Cu(NH3)22+ +

Cu(NH3)32+ +

NH3

Cu(NH3)42+ K4=101,97

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Phc Cht

S to phc din ra theo tng nc

thc t to phc th tin hnh nh sau 1. D ion kim loi 2. D phi t

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Phc Cht
nh gi nng dng phc trong dung dich gm

Ag+ c nng 10-3 M, v NH3 c nng 1 M, bit

rng:

Ag+ )+

+ NH3

Ag(NH3)+ K1=103,32 Ag(NH3)2+ K1=103,92

Ag(NH3 + NH3

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Chng 4
Chng 4: Phn ng Trong Dung Dch Cc Cht in Li 4.1 nh gi chiu hng v mc xy ra ca cc phn ng trong dung dch cht in li 4.2 Phn ng axit bazo 4.3 Phn ng to phc 4.4 Phn ng oxi ha kh 4.5 Phn ng to thnh hp cht t tan

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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4.4 Phn ng oxi ha kh

4.4.1 c trng ca phn ng

4.4.2 Chiu hng v mc ca phn ng

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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on cht no khng bn ????

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Phn ng oxi ha kh
1. Gii thch qu trnh phn ng xy ra khi lc mt ming Cu vo dung dich Fe3+ v H+ bit:

E(Fe3+/Fe2+)= 0,77V ; E(Cu2+/Cu)= 0,34 V

E(H+/H2)= 00 V ; E(Fe2+/Fe)= -0,44 V

2. Thit lp s ph thuc ca th in cc vo pH ca
cp MnO2/Mn2+, bit E(MnO2/Mn2+)= 1,51 V 3. Cu2+ c th oxi ha c I- khng? Bit E(Cu2+/Cu+)= 0,16 V ; E(I2/I-)= 0,54 V
TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung Ha V C 65

Chng 4
Chng 4: Phn ng Trong Dung Dch Cc Cht in Li 4.1 nh gi chiu hng v mc xy ra ca cc phn ng trong dung dch cht in li 4.2 Phn ng axit bazo 4.3 Phn ng to phc 4.4 Phn ng oxi ha kh 4.5 Phn ng to thnh hp cht t tan

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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4.5 Phn ng to thnh hp cht t tan

4.5.1 c trng cht t tan

4.5.2 Chiu hng v mc ca phn ng

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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4.5.1 c trng cht t tan

1. Tch s tan AmBn mAn+ + nBm-

T = [An+]m[Bm-]n 2. tan S =[T/(mmnn)]1/(m+n)

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Cht t tan

1. Cc yu t nh hng n tan Lng thuc th, pH

nh hng ca cht to phc

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Cht t tan
2. iu kin xut hin kt ta: Tch s nng ion ca kt ta phi ln hn tch s tan

CAn+mCBm-n >T(AmBn) V d: trn 1mL dung dch KI 0,015 M vi 2 mL dung dch Pb(ClO4)2 0,06 M v HClO4 1,0 M. C kt ta PbI2 xut hin hay khng? Bit rng T ca PbI2

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Cht t tan

Trn 1mL dung dch KI 0,015 M vi 2 mL dung dch Pb(ClO4)2 0,06 M v HClO4 1,0 M. C kt ta PbI2 xut hin hay khng? Bit rng T ca PbI2

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Cht t tan
3. iu kin xut hin kt ta hon ton: s kt ta c coi l hon ton khi m nng ion b kt ta nh n mc khng nh hng n phn ng khc (<10-6 M) V d: Tnh pH ca dung dch c kt ta hon ton Fe(OH)3 bit tch s tan l 10-37,5

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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Chng 4
4.1 nh gi chiu hng v mc xy ra ca cc phn ng trong dung dch cht in li: Nhc li mt s khi nim 4.2 Phn ng axit bazo: nh ngha, hng s axit bazo, dnh gi mc phn ng 4.3 Phn ng to phc: nh ngha, phn loi, nh hng 4.4 Phn ng oxi ha kh: nh ngha, phn loi, nh gi chiu hng 4.5 Phn ng to thnh hp cht t tan: nh ngha, phn loi, nh gi chiu hng

TS. Nguyn Th Phng Nhung

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