Dissolved Oxygen Sag Curve

BOD Decay

BODt = Lo (1 e
Lo = Ultimate BOD kd= deoxygenation constant t = time

kd t

BOD Decay as a Function of Stream Velocity

L = L0 e

kd ' x U

L = BODU (mg/L) L0 = BODu int (mg/L) kd = kd +ks (Assume ks is 0 if not given) U = Stream velocity (m/day) X = Distance downstream

Temperature Correction

kT = k 20 ()

T 20

kt = BOD rate constant at the temperature of interest k20 = BOD rate constant determined at 20C T = temperature in C = Temperature coefficient (For domestic WW, 1.135 and 1.024 for reaeration)

Dissolved Oxygen Sag Curve

Dissolved Oxygen Sag Curve

Steps for Solving River Quality Problems

Draw a picture of the situation Label everything given in the problem Calculate the dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand after the mix Calculate the time of travel for the river Calculate any rate constants not given Using the Streeter-Phelps equation calculate the oxygen deficit at the desired location Calculate the dissolved oxygen at the location

Steps for Solving River Quality Problems (cont.)

Calculate the time critical Calculate the deficit critical

Oxygen Demand

Streeter-Phelps equation

k d Lo kd t kr t kr t Dt = (e e ) + D0 (e ) kr kd
Dt = Oxygen deficit in river after time,t La = Initial ultimate BOD at mix Da = Initial deficit at mix

Reaeration

Determining the reaeration constant, kr

Tracer Study OConnor Equation

kr =

3.9v

0.5

(1.037) H
3 2

(T 20 )

V = mean stream velocity (m/sec) H = average depth of river (m) T = Temperature in C

Time and Deficit Critical

Time Critical

kr kr kd 1 tc = ln (1 D0 ) kr kd kd k d La

Deficit Critical

k d La k d tc k r tc k r tc Dc = (e e ) + D0 (e ) kr kd

Dissolved Oxygen Sag Example

Example