6.

1 Integration by parts


Formula for Integration by parts
( ) '( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) '( )

f x g x dx f x g x g x f x dx
udv uv vdu
=
=
} }
} }
The idea is to use the above formula to simplify an integration task.
One wants to find a representation for the function to be integrated
in the form udv so that the function vdu is easier to integrate
than the original function.

The rule is proved using the Product Rule for differentiation.
Deriving the Formula
Start with the product rule:
( )
d dv du
uv u v
dx dx dx
= +
( )
d uv u dv v du = +
( )
d uv v du u dv =
( )
u dv d uv v du =
( )
( )
u dv d uv v du =
} }
( )
( )
u dv d uv v du =
} } }
u dv uv v du =
} }
This is the Integration by Parts
formula.
u dv uv v du =
} }
u differentiates to
zero (usually).
dv is easy to
integrate.
Choose u in this order: LIPET
Logs, Inverse trig, Polynomial, Exponential, Trig

Choosing u and v
Example 1:
cos x x dx
}
polynomial factor
u x =
du dx =
cos dv x dx =
sin v x =
u dv uv v du =
} }
LIPET
sin cos x x x C + +
u v v du
}
sin sin x x x dx
}
Example 2:
ln x dx
}
logarithmic factor
ln u x =
1
du dx
x
=
dv dx =
v x =
u dv uv v du =
} }
LIPET
ln x x x C +
1
ln x x x dx
x

}
u v v du
}
This is still a product, so we
need to use integration by
parts again.
Example 3:
2

x
x e dx
}
u dv uv v du =
} }
LIPET
2
u x =
x
dv e dx =
2 du x dx =
x
v e =
u v v du
}
2
2
x x
x e e x dx
}
2
2
x x
x e xe dx
}
u x =
x
dv e dx =
du dx =
x
v e =
( )
2
2
x x x
x e xe e dx
}
2
2 2
x x x
x e xe e C + +
Example 4:
cos
x
e x dx
}
LIPET
x
u e = sin dv x dx =

x
du e dx = cos v x =
u v v du
}
sin sin
x x
e x x e dx
}
( )
sin cos cos
x x x
e x e x x e dx
}
x
u e =
cos dv x dx =

x
du e dx = sin v x =
sin cos cos
x x x
e x e x e x dx +
}
This is the
expression we
started with!

uv v du
Example 4(cont.):
cos
x
e x dx
}
LIPET
u v v du
}
cos
x
e x dx =
}
2 cos sin cos
x x x
e x dx e x e x = +
}
sin cos
cos
2
x x
x
e x e x
e x dx C
+
= +
}
sin sin
x x
e x x e dx
}
x
u e = sin dv x dx =

x
du e dx = cos v x =
x
u e =
cos dv x dx =

x
du e dx = sin v x =
sin cos cos
x x x
e x e x e x dx +
}
( )
sin cos cos
x x x
e x e x x e dx
}
This is called solving for
the unknown integral.
It works when both factors
integrate and differentiate
forever.
Integration by Parts
for Definite Integrals
( )
}
1
2
0
arcsin x dx
| ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= =
} } }
b b b
b
a
a a a
udv uv vdu u b v b u a v a vdu
( )
=
= = =

2
Choose arcsin . Then
, and .
1
u x
dx
dv dx v x du
x
Formula
Integration by Parts Formula and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
imply the above Integration by Parts Formula for Definite Integrals. Here
we must assume that the functions u and v and their derivatives are
all continuous.
Example
( ) ( )
( =

} }
1 1
2 2
1
2
0
2
0 0
arcsin arcsin
1
xdx
x dx x x
x
Integration by Parts
for Definite Integrals
= =

= = = =
}
1
2
2
2
0
Compute by the substitution 1 , 2 .
1
1 3
0 1 and
2 4
xdx
t x dt xdx
x
x t x t
( )

(
= = = =

} }
3
3 1
4
2 4
2
0 1 1
3 2 3
1
2 2
2
1
xdx dt
t
t
x
Example (contd)
( ) ( )
( )
( = =

} } }
1 1 1
2 2 2
1
2
1
2
0 2 2
0 0 0
arcsin
arcsin arcsin
2
1 1
xdx xdx
x dx x x
x x
By the computations on the previous slide
we now have
( )
( ) t
= =
}
1
2
1
2
0
arcsin
2 3 2 3
arcsin
2 2 12 2
x dx
Combining these results we get the answer