Basketball

Basketball Study Sheet

Fun Facts
The highest single scorer, Wilt Chamberlain, scored 100 points in one game in 1962. Dr. James Naismith of Springfield College, Massachusetts, created the game of basketball in 1891. The first record of a college basketball team was that of Geneva College, who played and defeated a YMCA team in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, in 1893. In the first intercollegiate game, on February 9, 1895, the Minnesota State School of Agriculture defeated Hamline College by a score of 9 to 3. The first intercollegiate game using the five-player format occurred in Iowa City on January 18, 1896, when the University of Chicago defeated the University of Iowa, 15 to 12.

Skills
DribblePush the ball to the ground and slightly in front in order to move forward to meet it again (at waist height). Shooting: -- LayupReach up toward the backboard with the ball and release it so it banks off the backboard and into the basket -- Outside shotA shooter shoots from anywhere outside the basketball key while focusing and following through to the back of the rim. -- Foul shotTake a free shot unhindered at the top of the key. -- Jump shotRelease the ball in the air. DefendingMaintain a space between the ball carrier and the basket with the intention of catching a pass, blocking a shot, or causing the ball carrier to make an error. ReboundingGet into the key before the shot is taken, jump with arms stretched as high as possible, and catch the ball coming off the rim or backboard. ScreenStand between a teammate and an opposing defender. PickAn offensive player stops to block a defender from following the ball carrier.

Rules
BoundariesBalls landing on the lines are out of bounds. ScoringA basket made during play is worth 2 or 3 points; foul shots are worth 1 point. Violations: -- Traveling (taking more than two steps with the ball in hand) -- Palming (carrying the ball on the dribble) -- Double or discontinued dribble (continuing the dribble after placing two hands on the ball) -- Holding the ball more than 5 seconds when closely guarded -- Taking longer than 5 seconds to throw the ball in from out of bounds -- Entering the free-throw lane before the ball is released -- Remaining inside the key for more than 3 seconds (offensive players) -- Being the last one to touch the ball before it goes out of bounds
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From Isobel Kleinman, 2009, Complete Physical Education Plans for Grades 5 to 12, Second Edition (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics).

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Fouls: -- ChargingBall carrier contacting an opponent in an established position -- BlockingDefender attempting to interrupt the path of the ball carrier -- Elbowing, hitting, pushing, tripping, or punching -- Unsportsmanlike conduct -- Illegal substitution

Positions
GuardsThe guard is considered the teams playmaker. Guards need good dribbling skills, the ability to throw as they run, the selflessness to pass to open teammates, the courage to drive to the basket if the lane to the basket is open, and the insight to know when to take an outside shot. Guards usually position themselves at the top of the key. ForwardsThe forwards are the shooters of the team. They must get down to either side of the basket before the ball does. Their job is to get open and shoot. If their center is inside the key on the offensive boards, they must either shoot or pass the center the ball. Forwards must position themselves for the rebound if they are not taking the shot. CentersThe centers need to be able to get higher than anyone else on their team. They should be prepared to dominate the backboards at either end of the court. They have to be able to sense when someone is about to shoot so they can position themselves inside the key to retrieve a possible rebound. If on the offensive boards, they must rebound and follow up the rebound with a shot.

Defensive Systems
Person-to-personPlayer takes responsibility for covering one opponent, making it difficult for the opponent to get an open shot at the basket. Usually, players do not pick up their person until the ball has reached the opposite side of the court. Sticking with a player for the full court is called a full-court press. Zone 2-1-2In this system, defenders create a large box around the basketball key and put their center in the center. As opponents shift the ball from side to side, so should the box. Players are responsible for their area of the box. When offensive players come into it, the defenders try to block their shots or intercept their passes. When the players leave, the defenders let them go, understanding that someone else on their team will assume responsibility for covering them in other areas.

From Isobel Kleinman, 2009, Complete Physical Education Plans for Grades 5 to 12, Second Edition (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics).

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