K

Khi

TM TT MT S TNH CHT CA DY BKTP (THCS) N B C Mg Al M Zn Cr F Ni Sn Pb H May o Za Cam a a a n e Nn Sang Ph Hi

No Bn Cn
lng tnh

C u
Ca

Hg
Hng

Ag

Pt
Phi

A u
u

Mu
lng tnh lng tnh

Fi
lng tnh lng tnh

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Phn loi

KL kim (I)

KL kim th (II)

Kim loi qu Kim loi khng hot ng Khng tc dng Khng tc dng o

Kim loi hot ng. T tri sang phi HKL gim dn (KL ng trc h hn KL ng sau)

HNO3(l)

+ dd.HCl, H2SO4(l) + H2SO4n;HNO3n;

Mui + H2
nhit thng nhit thng KL + H2O trc
t mui Nitrit + O2 (*)
t oxit KL+ CO2
o

Mui + SO2 (NO2; NO) + H2O

nhit cao Khng tc dng nhit thng; ch tc dng t 0 cao (nung kim loi) Kim loi ng trc y c KL ng sau ra khi dung dch mui ca chng
t Oxit KL + NO2 + O2
o

+ O2 + H2O + dd.mui t Mui NO3

o

t KL + NO2 + O2

t Mui =CO3
o

(*)

(**)
o

(*)

(*)

Hroxit kim loi

to
o

Oxit khng b kh pnc mui Cl hoc hiroxit pnc oxit
as

t Hiroxit kim loi Oxit baz + H2O

Khng tn ti Oxit to Oxit

t
o

t 11 Oxit + H2(CO, C, Al)

t Oxit + H2 (CO, C, Al) KL + H2O (CO2, CO, Al2O3)

Oxit AgCl AgNO3

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

pdd

iu ch kim loi

pnc mui clorua

pdd mui clorua

pdd mui NO3; =SO4; -Cl (i vi Cu)

Pb + HCl [H2SO4(l)] PbCl2(t tan) v PbSO4(khng tan) nn p nhanh chng ngng li. Do c th xem Pb khng tc dng vi dd. HCl, H 2SO4 (l) Dd. HCl(c), H2SO4(c), HNO3 p rt mnh lit vi cc kim loi K, Na, Ba, Ca (gy nguy him) nn thng khng xt n. Ag + O2 Ag2O v nhanh chng b phn hy: Ag2O Ag + O2 nn xem nh Ag khng p vi oxi.
t > 570 C < 570 C 3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2; Fe + H2O FeO + H2 Vd: Na + dd. CuSO4 Na + H2O NaOH + H2 v NaOH + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4.
0 o

t cao t cao t cao KNO2 + O2; Cu(NO3)2 CuO + 2NO2 + O2; AgNO3 Ag + NO2 + O2 t cao t cao 2Fe(NO3)3 Fe2O3 + 4NO2 + O2 Fe2O3 + 6NO2 + 3/2 O2; 2Fe(NO3)2

KNO3

t (*) Mui =CO3 kim loi Oxit kim loi + H2O;

t Mg(OH)2 MgO + H2O;
0 0 0

t cao (**) 2FeCO3 + O2 Fe2O3 + 2CO2 ; kk

FeCO3

t FeO + CO2 cha nkho ng

t 2Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3H2O....

0

t t FeO + 2H2O; 2Fe(OH)2 + O2 Fe2O3 + 2H2O Fe(OH)2 chn khng khng kh

Ag2O khng bn d b phn hy tO thng Ag2O Ag + O2 nn xem nh Ag khng p vi oxi. pnc pnc 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2 ; 2KOH 2K + H2O + O2 ; CaCl2 Ca + Cl2

HgO

t Hg + O2;

pnc

2Al + 3/2O2 Al2O3 Na AlF

pnc
3 6

FeCl2

pdd

pdd pdd Fe + Cl2 ; CuCl2 Cu + Cl2; Cu(NO3)2 + H2O Cu + 2HNO3 + O2; pdd

CuSO4 + H2O

pdd Cu + H2SO4

+ O2

Pb(NO3)2 + H2O Pb + 2HNO3 + O2

t HgO Hg + O2;
o

as AgCl Ag + Cl2;

pdd 2AgNO3 + H2O 2Ag + 2HNO3 + O2