v/;k;

tUe %
5 flrEcj] 1888

% izFke

e`R;q
84 o"kZ

16 vizSy] 1975-

O;fDrRo vkSj mudk thou&n'kZu

O;fDrRo vkSj mudk thou & n'kZu

thou ifjp; %
f'k{kk ds {ks= esa Hkkx ysus okyksa esa MkW0 loZiYyh jk/kkd`".ku
dk LFkku lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk vkfoHkkoZ 5 flrEcj] lu~ 1888 bZ0 dks
vkU/kzizns'k ds fr:Rruh uked xzke esa ,d dV~V'j /kkfeZd czk.k ifjokj esa
gqvk FkkA enzkl dh /kjrh bZ'oj dh bl egku~ foHkwfr ds izknqHkkZo ls f[ky
mBhA vkuUn mYykl ,oa g"kZ dh /ofu ls lkjk xkWao laxhre; gks x;kA
ukjhx.k ds eaxy xhr ,oa 'ka[kukn dh e/kqj /ofu dk okrkoj.k eu dks
thrus yxkA dkSu tkurk Fkk fd bl xzkeh.k czk.k ifjokj esa nqfu;k dk
egku~ f'k{kk'kkL=h vkSj nk'kZfud iSnk gqvk gS ftlls dksbZ pht vnwrh ugha jgh
& D;k n'kZu] D;k f'k{kk] D;k jktuhfr vkSj D;k foo/k Hkk"kkvksa dk Kku lcksa
esa vf}rh; LFkku LFkkfir djus okyk O;fDrRoA
buds firk dk uke Jh ohj Lokeh mP;k Fkk tks iqjksfgrkbZ djrs
Fks vkSj f'k{kd dk dke HkhA /kekZuqjkx ,oa /keZ izpkj dh Hkkouk rks buds
ekrk&firk dh fojklr esa feyh FkhA

ckY;koLFkk vkSj f'k{kk %

ckyd jk/kkd`".ku dh izkjafHkd f'k{kk&nh{kk vius xkWao esa gh
lEiUu gq;hA ekrk&firk dh N=&Nk;k esa gh v{kj&Kku gqvkA mUgha dh
ns[k&js[k esa 'kkL=&Kku] vkRe&Kku ,oa /keZ&Kku izkIr djus dh vikj
-2-

ftKklk mRiUu gqbZA vius izkjafHkd thou dky ls gh ckyd jk/kkd`".ku rst
fo|kFkhZ FksA
mudh izkjafHkd f'k{kk dk Jh x.ks'k 1896 bZ0 esa fr:ifr ds
ywFkj blkbZ fe'kujh Ldwy ls izkjaHk gqbZA tc ckyd jk/kkd`".ku 11 o"kZ ds
Fks rc os 1900 bZ0 esa Ldwyh f'k{kk izkIr dj mPp f'k{kk izkIr djus ds
fy, csyksj esa] nqj ght dkWyst esa nkf[ky gq,A bl dkWyst esa os 1904 bZ0
rd jgsA fQj 1904 ls 1908 bZ0 rd os enzkl ds ff'p;u dkWyst esa
mPp & f'k{kk gsrq nkf[kyk fy;sA ogha ls os ^^n'kZu'kkL=h** uked fo"k; esa
LukrdksRrj dh fMxzh fy;sA
ek= 23 o"kZ dh voLFkk esa r:.k jk/kkd`".ku lus ,e0 ,M0
dh ijh{kk esa gh ^^The Ethics of Vedant** uked ,d 'kks/k fucU/k fy[kkA
n'kZu&'kkL= ds v/;kid Jh ,0 th0 gkWax us ,d izek.k&i= nsrs gq, fy[kk
Fkk fd &
,e0 ,0 dh ijh{kk ds fy, bl fo|kFkhZ us tks fucU/k fy[kk
gS og bl ckr dk izek.k gS fd og eq[;&eq[; nk'kZfud leL;kvkas dks
Hkyh&HkkWafr le>rk gS vkSj mudks mlus n;axe djfy;k gSA fodV vkSj
isphnk rd dks og cgqr vPNh rjg ls izdV djus dh ;ksX;rk vkSj {kerk
j[krk gS] blds vfrfjDr vaxjsth Hkk"kk ij Hkh mldk izHkqRe foy{k.k ggSA
vius Nk= & thou esa bUgsa vusdkusd vkfFkZd ladVksa dk
eqdkcyk djuk iM+kA fdUrq ;s vius lk/kuk iFk ls foeq[k ugha gq,A tc
buds le{k vkfFkZd ladV dh ppkZ pyrh rks ;s gWalrs gq, dgrs & ^^bleas
-3-

D;k j[kk gS fd og eqWag esa lksus dh pEep ysdj iSnk gqvk ;k ydM+h dhA
eq[; ckrksa rks ;g gS fd og D;k olrq] xzg.k djrk gS**A

nkEiR; & thou %

ml le; ds izFkk ds vuqlkj MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk fookg NksVh
mez esa gh gks x;k Fkk] lEHkor% nqjght dkWyst] csyksj esa tkus ls igys ghA
nkEiR; thou dks lq[kh cukus ds fy, ifr&iRuh nksuksa ,d nwljs ij iw.kZ
fo'okl djrs Fks vkSj lg;ksxiw.kZ thou O;rhr djrs jgsA
mPp f'k{kk xzg.k ds i'pkr~ MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku~ 1911 bZ0 esa
enzkl ds] fo[;kr izslhMsUlh dkWyst] esa n'kZu'kkL= ds lgk;d izk/;kid
cuk;s x;sA Bhd 5 o"kksZ ds ckn lgk;d izk/;kid ds :i esa iqu% inLFkkfir
fd;k x;kA
lu~ 1918bZ0 esa MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku egkjktk dkWyst] eSlwj esa
n'kZu^'kkL= ds fo'ofo|k;kyh; izksQslj fu;qDr gq,A ogkWa muds Hkk"k.kksa dks
lqudj dqN yksx dgk djrs Fks &
^^;s rks vaR;sf"V laLdkj ds le; fn;s tkus okys Hkk"k.kksa ds
leku gSA izkjaHk ls gh os psruk /keZ ds i{kikrh FksA ml le; vDlj yksx
fons'k ls ykSVs gq, Hkkjrh; fo}ku dh dnz fd;k djrs FksA ,d fnu muls dqN
Nk=ksa us iz'u fd;k D;k vkius dksbZ fons'kh ijh{kk Hkh ikl dh gS vkSj fons'kh
fMxzh yh gS\ izks0 jk/kkd`".ku us tcko fn;k & eSa ;wjksi i<+us ugha] i<+kus

-4-

tkxkA bl vkRe fo'okl us bldk ekSdk Hkh fn;k vkSj ;wuksiokfl;ksa dks
i,+kus x;sA
lu~ 1920 bZ0 es ;qok nk'kZfud izks0 jk/kkd`".ku us nks egRoiw.kZ xzUFk
^^nh jsu vkWQ fjyhtu bu dkaVsEijsjh fQyklQh** vkSj ^^nh fQyklQh vkWQ
johUnzukFk** izdkf'kr fd;kA xhrkatfy ds izs.ksrk us Lo;a fy[kk & ^^vkidh
iqLrd ds lkSUn;Z ds ckjs esa D;k dgwWa \ eq>s lUnsg gS fd dksbZ bruh lqUnj
iqLrd esjs rRo&Kku ds fo"k; esa fy[k ldrk gS ;k ugha \
lu~ 1921 esa bUgsa dydkk fo'ofo|ky; esa n'kZu'kkL= ds
izksQslj ds :i esa vkeaf=r fd;k x;kA bl izdkj MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dks ,d
egku~ fo}ku vkSj n'kZu 'kkL= ds izk/;kid ds :i esa Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky;ksa
esa [;kfr izkIr gqbZA ml le; ds egku~ f'k{kk 'kkL=h lj vk'kqrks"k eq[kthZ us
dydkk fo'ofo|ky; esa ,d v/;;u & v/;kiu ,oa vuqla/kku dsUnz cuk;k
Fkk vkSj loZiYyh jk/kkd`".ku dks n'kZu dh ihB ds xkSjoe; in ij fu;qDr
fd;kA
lu~ 1926 bZ0 esa fo'ofo|ky; us bUgsa viuk izfrfuf/k cukdj
vkWDlQksMZ esa] eSupsLVj dkWyst] esa HkstkA ml le; ogkWa ^n ,sfFkDl vkWQ
osnkark* uked fo"k; ij cksyuk FkkA
thou dk fgUnw n`f"Vdks.k ij bUgksaus O;k[;ku fn;k vkSj og Hkh
/kksrh vkSj ixM+h igudjA lj vk'kqrks"k eq[kthZ dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ bUgsa
1926 bZ0 esa iksLV xzt
s q,V bu vkVZl dk v/;{k pquk x;k] tgkWa ;s 1927]
1928 vkSj 1930 rd jgsA fo'ofo|ky; dh vksj ls gh ;s ^^vUrZjk"Vh;
-5-

fQyklQh dkWaxzsl**] gkoZM fo'ofo|ky; esa lfEefyr gq,A bUgksaus dydkk

fo'ofo|ky; esa gh ,d ^^vkVZl QsdYVh Dyc** dh Hkh LFkkiuk dhA
ebZ 1931 ls 1936 rd MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku vkU/kz fo'ofo|ky;
ds mi&dqyifr cuk;s x;sA
fQj 1939 bZ0 esa iafMr egkeuk ekyoh; th ds vuqjks/k ij
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk mi&dqyifr ds :Ik esa fgUnw&fo'ofo|ky; cukjl esa yk;k
x;kA QyLo:Ik 1941 bZ0 esa bUgsa dydRrk fo'ofo|ky; ls R;kx&i= nsuk
iM+kA okjk.klh esa fuokl ds nkSjku MkW0 lkgc ^^xhrk** ij viuk O;k[;ku
dk flyflyk tkjh j[kkA
bl izdkj lu~ 1939 ls 1948 rd ;s fgUnw & fo'ofo|ky;
ds mi&dqyifr jgs vkSj ru&eu&/ku ls fo'ofo|ky; ds prqfnZd fodkl esa
lkFk Hkh fn;sA blh chp MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us jktuhfr esa viuk gkFk c<+k;k
vkSj 1946 bZ0 esa os UNESCO esa Hkkjr ds izfrfuf/k ds :Ik esa fu;qDr
gq, rFkk ;wusLdksa ds dk;Zikfydk lfefr ds lnl; ds :Ik esa 1946&51
rd jgsA ckn esa mUgsa 1947 bZ0 esa gh O;oLFkk&fidk lfefr dk Hkh lnL;
cuk;k x;k FkkA
lu~ 1948&49 rd os fo'ofo|ky; vk;ksx ds v/;{k ds :Ik
esa lq'kksfHkr gq;sA
lu~ 1950&51 esa mUgsa :l esa Hkkjr ds jktnwr ds :Ik esa
Hkstk x;kA

-6-

lu~ 1950&62 rd Hkkjr ds izFke mi&jk"Vifr ds :Ik esa

viuk dk;ZHkkj laHkkykA Bhd mlh o"kZ 1962 bZ0 esa gh MkW0 jktsUnz izlkn
dh e`R;q ds ckn bUgsa Lora= Hkkjr dk f}rh; jk"Vifr ds :Ik esa Hkkjr
ljdkj us vknj ds lkFk Lohdkj fd;kA bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd MkW0
jk/kkd`".ku us viuk thou ,d vkn'kZ f'k{kd ds :Ik esa izkjaHk dj ns'k ds
loksZPp in ij vklhu gq,A
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ml le; ds ,d mPp dksfV ds egkiafMr]
egku~ oDrk vkSj ,d vkn'kZ ys[kd vkSj fopkjd Fks& ;g fufoZokn gSA mUgsa
Mh0 fyV~ dh mikf/k Hkkjr ds fofHkUu fo'ofo|ky; tSls & vkxjk] bykgkckn]
vkU/kz] y[ku] iVuk] lkxj rh:ifr vkSj fo'o&Hkkjrh ls iznku dh xbZA
,d vksj Mh0 ,y0 dh mikf/k dydkk fo'ofo|ky; ls iznku dh xbZ rks
nlwjh vksj MkWDVj vkWQ lkbUl dh mikf/k :jdh fo'ofo|ky; us iznku dhA
,y0,y0Mh0 dh fMxzh Hkh mUgsa tcyiqj] enzkl] eSlwj] mLekfu;k vkSj
cukjl fgUnq fo'ofo|ky; us iznku dhA
cgqr lkjs fons'kh fo'ofo|ky;ksa us Hkh MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dks ,y0
,y0 Mh0 dh mikf/k iznku dh tSls & ,UMsl osxksV cwlysl] oqMkisLV]
O;wusl] ,jh;kt] lhyksu] dksyfEc;k l-jk-v- gokbZ fo'ofo|ky;] gokbZ
okf'kaxVu] yUnu] est
a teZuh esDxhy dukMk eSfDldks] vksojyhu la-jkv- jkse vkSj lksfQ;k fo'ofo|ky; Mh0 yhV~0 dh mikf/k dSfEczt
fo'ofo|ky; vkSj Mh0 lh0 ,y0 dh mikf/k vkWDlQksMZ us Hkh nhA

-7-

bl izdkj MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku fo'o ds rhu egku~ gfLr;ksa czVsaM

jlsy] foUlVu pfpZy vkSj LosMu ds jktk xq'rso ds Js.kh esa Js.khc) gksdj
Hkkjr dh turk dks ,d ubZ fn'kk iznku dh tk fpj Lej.kh jgsxkA
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku esa loksZPp okLrfodrk dks idM+us dh {kerk
FkhA mUgksaus mifu"kn~ dk v/;;u dj mls ^^vkRek**] ^^drqlin**] czk.k**
vkSj ^^bZ'oj** pkj Hkkxksa esa ckVkA os :lksa lg'k 'kjhj dh LoLFkrk] eu dh
ifo=rk vkSj vkRek dh izcy bPNk 'kfDr esa fo'okl dj f'k{kk txr dks ,d
u;k lans'k fn;kA
MkW jk/kkd`".ku dh ;g fof'k"Vrk gS fd mUgksaus Hkkjrh; f'k{kk esa
u;s ekunaM tksM+s gSa mlesa uwru vk;ke fn;s gSa vkSj ubZ fn'kk dh vksj bafxr
fd;k gSA ,d egku~~ nk'kZfud vkSj eeZK ds :Ik esa MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us f'k{kk
dk vk/;kfRedj.k fd;k gSA
jk/kkd`".ku dk f'k{kk n'kZu vk/;kRe ds ml /kjkry ij [kM+k gS
ftl /kjkry ij izFke ;wukuh&nk'kZfud Plato us bls izfrfcfEcr fd;k FkkA
bUgksaus f'k{kk dks egkure~ LFkku fn;k D;ksafd muds vuqlkj f'k{kk gh og
pht gS tks gesa ,d lH;] lqlaLd`r vkSj egku~ ukxfjd cukrh gSA ,sls
ukxfjd tks vius uSfrd vkSj lkekftd nkf;Roksa ds ckjs esa ltx] lrdZ
vkSj tkx:d cus jgrs gSaA
egku~ fpard MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dh ;g ekU;rk Fkh fd fdlh Hkh
jk"V dk fuekZ.k mldh 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa dh ifjf/k esa gh Ldwyksa dkWystksa vkSj
fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa gh gksrk gSA
-8-

A Nation is built is its educational institutions.

MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku fo'ofo|ky; dks vko';d :Ik ls fo|;kfFkZ;ksa
vkSj f'k{kdksa dk ,d fuxe ekurs FksA vkSj nksuksa ds chp laca/kksa dks os
ifo=rk ls iw.kZ ekurs FksA ;qodksa dks ge fdruh vPnh f'k{kk nsrs gSa ;g bl
rF; ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd be dSls f'k{kd fu;qDr djrs gSaA HkO; Hkou
vkSj la;e fdlh dke ds ugha vxj f'k{kd HkO; ugha gS \ MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku
ds gh 'kCnksa esa %&
If this country is to participate is the march of mind is
science and scholarship, Universities must recruit for their staff some of
the best mind of the country, the University teacher should be helped to
live in comfort. If he is the devote himself to learning, teaching and
research.

MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us bl ckr ij {kkse O;Dr fd;k gS fd dqN

'kS{kf.kd laLFkk O;kikfjd laLFkkvksa dh rjg Sift System

ds fl)kUr ij

lapkfyr gksrh gSA

MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku fo'ofo|ky; dh orZeku n'kk ls dkQh vlarq"V
Fks vkSj muesa vewy&pwy ifjorZu ds fgek;rh FksA ;g izlUurk dh ckr gS
fd nk'kZfud jk/kkd`".ku ds fopkjksa ds vuq:Ik gh fo'ofo|ky; esa fodkl dh
izf;k dqN gn rd pyhA os ;qodksa dh orZeku leL;k & f'k{kk dh leL;k
dks ns'k dh loZizeq[k leL;k ekurs FksA bl leL;k dks ysdj os dkQh
fpafrr Fks vkSj Hkfo"; ds ckjs esa vk'kafdr FksA

-9-

nk'kZfud MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ds thou ij Lokeh foosdkuUn] xq:nso

johUnzukFk VSxksj rFkk jk"Vfirk egkRekxk/kh dk xgjk vlj iM+k gSA Qyr%
muds f'k{kk n'kZu ij bu egkiq:"kksa dh fopkjk/kkjkvksa dh >yd feyrh gSA
muds f'k{kk n'kZu esa Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds izfr mnkur fopkjksa dk lkeatL;
rFkk fo'o&ca/kqRo dh Hkkouk gSA fgUnw /keZ ,oa mldh mnkjoknh ekU;rkvksa ds
izfr mudk Lusg vfoHkkT; ,oa vdkV~; gSA
MkW0 loZiYyh jk/kkd`".ku lekt dks ,d ,sls Js"B vkSj izfrf"Br
:Ik esa ns[kuk pkgrs Fks ftlds mPp vkn'kZ ekuork ds Js"B xq.kksa ls vkc)
gksaA mPp lekt ds O;fDr] oxZ] o.kZ vkfn ladh.kZrk esa vius vewY; le;
vkSj vueksy thou dk uk'k ugha djrs gksaA
os ekuo ek= dks bZ'oj dk izfr:i ekurs FksA D;ksafd bZ'oj
vkSj euq"; nksuksa /keZ ds izfr:Ik gSaA /keZ ds izfr MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk er gS
fd Hkys gh xk; dk jax fofHkUu izdkj dk gksrh gS fdurq lHkh jax ds xk;ksa
dk nw/k ,d gksrk gSA muds vuqlkj lalkj ds lHkh uj&ukjh ijekRek ds gh
va'k Lo:Ik gSA vkt geas tks ;s varj fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS] og ekuo d`r gh gSA
Jh en~ Hkkxor~ xhrk esa Hkh dgk x;k gS &
^^vga losZ&& Hkwrs"kq Hkwr vkRek vofLFkr %AA**

- 10 -

f'k{kk ekuo fopkjksa dh tuuh gS] tSlh gekjh f'k{kk gksxh

rnuqlkj gekjs fopkj Hkh cusaxsA nqfu;k ds lHkh yksx vius usrk ds Lo;a ds
O;ogkj ls fl[krs gSaA bl izdkj jk/kkd`".ku dks fgUnw /keZ ds izfr izxk<+
vkLFkk FkhA mudk fo'okl loksZPp okLrfodrk@fuxZ.k vkSj lxq.k esa FkkA
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk O;fDrRo vuwBk FkkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ,d
vkn'kZ f'k{kd ds :Ik esa viuk thou izkjEHk djus okyk ;g egku~ O;fDr
Hkkjr dk jk"Vifr rks cuk gh lkFk&gh&lkFk f'k{kk ds {ks= esa bUgksaus fo'o esa
viuk ,d ekSfyd LFkku cuk fy;kA ;s fxus&pqus Hkkjrh;ksa esa ls gSa ftUgsa
vesfjdk tSls ns'kksa ds fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa v/;;u dk lqvolj feykA
;|fi MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku fo}ku] oDrk] ys[kd ,oa egku~ fopkjd
Fks] buds pfj= esa fufHkZdrk ,oa Li"Vokfnrk ds rRo orZeku gS ij os
vk/kqfud jktuhfrK u gksdj lPps ns'kHkDr FksA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vius
lkfgR; ,oa fopkjksa ls bUgksaus vf[ky fo'o tu ekuo dh ln~Hkkoukvksa dks
Hkkjrh; Lora=rk vkanksyu dh vksj vkdf"kZr fd;kA bruk gh ugha lkaLd`frd
xkSjo dks izfrf"Br djds Hkkjrh;ksa dks fufHkZd gksdj vkxs c<+us dks Hkh izsfjr
fd;kA
muds vuqlkj lektokn }kjk gh fo'o&cU/kqRo LFkkfir gks ldrk
gS rFkk vkilh oSeuLo] }s"k] ?k`.kk vkSj ladh.kZrk dk Hkh var gks ldsxkA
fofHkUu ns'k ,d nwljs ns'k ds izfr 'k=qrk dh Hkkouk dks NksM+ nsus vkSj
^^olq/kSo dqVqEcde** LFkkfir gks tk,xhA

- 11 -

bls le>us ds fy, gesa orZeku fo'o ladV ds dkj.kksa dks

<wa<uk gksxkA vkSj mldk lek/kku vk/;kfRed thou }kjk gh laHko gks ldsxkA
bl lEcU/k esa mudh rqyuk ^^dkUV** ls dh tk ldrh gSA dkUV us
fo'o&jkT; dk ugha cfYd jkT;ksa ds ,d lewg dk lq>ko fn;k gS tks lH;
O;ogkj ds U;wure O;ogkjksa dk ikyu djus okys gksaxsA fgUnw fparu esa /keZ
dk vFkZ gS & ,d fpRr gksuk] tqM+uk] ,drk ds Hkko dks ykukA MkW0
jk/kkd`".ku us jk"Vokn dk gh ugha cfYd vUrZjk"Vh;okn dk Hkh leFkZu fd;k
gSA olq/kSo dqVqEcde~ ds vkn'kksZ dks rHkh O;kogkfjd :Ik fn;k tk ldrk gS
tc lalkj ds lHkh ekuo fo'kq) n; /keZ dk vuqxeu djus yxsaxsA
buds O;fDrRo dh [kwch ;g gS fd bUgksaus ukjh dks flQZ /kjksgj
;k Hkksx dh oLrq ugha ekuk gS] cfYd vius leLr jpukvksa ,oa O;Dr fopkjksa
ds vk/kkj ij ge bl fu"d"kZ ij igqWaprs gSa fd bUgksaus ukjh dks leku n`f"V
ls ns[kk gSA
_Xosn esa ukjh Lo:i dh ft djrs gq, Jh Hkkxor 'kj.k
mik/;k; us fy[kk gS &
^^ukjh&iq:"k dk nksLr gSA ,d iRuh ds :Ik esa og Kku ,oa
vU; lHkh ckrksa esa mls leku :Ik ls iw.kZrk iznku djrh gSA ifr iRuh nksuksa
feydj fo'o fu;ark }kjk jfpr fo/kkuksa dk ikyu djrs gq, mUgsa tkuus dk
iz;kl djrs gSaA
vU; fo}kuksa dh rjg MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku Hkh ns'k ds lekt
lq/kkjd gSaA bUgksaus lekt dks mij mBkus ds fy;s Nqvk&nwr] vehj&xjhc ds
- 12 -

Hksn&Hkko dks nwj djus dh dksf'k'k dhA bUgksaus cgq&fokg dk Hkh fojks/k fd;kA
Hkkjr tSls fo'kky ns'k esa tgkWa tula[;k dh leL; mxz :i /kkj.k djrh tk
jgh gSA blds fujkdj.k ds fy, bUgksaus la;e dk egRo fn;k gSA
egku~ fpard] nk'kZfud Pleto us vius iqLrd 'REPUBLIC' esa
fy[kk gS % ^^Those states Only Flourish where kings are philosophers,
Philosophers, king.**

MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ,d nk'kZfud ds lkFk lkFk Plato ds nk'kZfud

jktk ds :Ik esa Hkh FksA mUgsa loksZPp in izkIr FkkA ;s ,d ,sls jktuhfrK Fks
ftUgsa lkjs eeZ dk Kku FkkA muesa iz'kkld cudj iz'kklu djus dh {kerk
dqV&dqV dj Hkjh gqbZ FkhA
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku vaxjsth ds lkFk&lkFk laLd`r vkSj fgUnh ds Hkh
Kkrk FksA mUgsa Hkkjr ds vU; Hkk"kkvksa ls Hkh yxko FkkA os osn vkSj vifu"knksa
dk Hkh xgu v/;;u fd;s FksA muds vuqlkj &
&^^The term veda, derived from the root 'vid' refers to a
doctrine based not on faith or revelation but on a higher knowledge
attained - through a process of intuition of seeing.**

nSfod 'kfDr;ksa esa fo'okl djrs gq, MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk er gS fd

bzZ'oj d`ik ls gh ekuo okLro esa ekuo curk gS rFkk mlesa psruk vkrh gSA
mijksDr fo'ks"krkvksa ds lkFk&gh&lkFk MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ,d lQy ys[kd
Hkh FksA mUgksaus vusd xzUFkksa dh jpuk Hkh dhA tSls%&

- 13 -

1.

The Philosophy of Rabindra Nath Tagora

2.

Indian Philosophy. Two Parts

3.

The Bhagavadgita,

5.

Creat Indians,

6.

East and West in Religion.

7.

The Heart of Hindustan,

8.

Mahatma Gandhi,

9.

The Hindu View of Life,

10. Indian and China,

11. My Search for truth,
12. An Idealist view of life,
13. The rain of Religion - contremporary Philosophy,
14. THE SPIRIT OF RELIGION.

bR;kfn bu lHkh iqLrdksa ds vykok i= if=dkvksa esa Hkh buds fopkj

izdkf'kr gksrs jgs gSaA ,d ys[kd ds :Ik esa flQZ Hkko dh n`f"V ls gh ugha
cfYd Hkk"kk dh ljyrk Hkh budh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk gSA
,d egku ns'k HkDr fo'o&Lrj dk ,d mYys[kuh; nk'kZfud] djhc
40 o"kksZ rd ns'k vkSj fons'k ds fo'ofo|ky;ksa dks ,d v/;kid ds :i esa]
viuh fof'k"V lsok nsus okyk ekuuh; f'k{kd] ntZuksa iqLrdsa fy[kus

okyk

yC/k izfrf"Br ys[kd] f'k{kk ls vkfRed lEcU/k j[kus okyk mPp dksfV dk
f'k{kk 'kkL=h] /keZ eeZ dks tkuus okyk] Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ,d egku~ iqtkjh]
- 14 -

osn iqjk.k vkSj mifu"nksa dk Kkrk] jktuhfr dks ekuo dY;k.k dk lk/ku
ekuus okyk ,d fonsg jktusrk] fo'o 'kkafr ,oa ekuo dY;k.k dh vkdka{kk
j[kus okyk vf}rh; ekuokrkoknh MkW0 loZiYyh jk/kkd`".ku~ ls ekuo thou
dk dksbZ Hkh {ks= vNwrk u jgkA thou vkSj ekSr bldh izd`fr gSA eksg ds
tky esa iM+d jog e`R;q ds djhc igwpkrk gS ,oa lPpkbZ dks tkuus ls mls
vejrk dh izkfIr gksrh gS tSlh fd ppkZ gesa _Xosn vkSj egkHkkjr esa feyrh
gSA ijUrq vius thou&dky esa Lora= jgdj euksoSKkfud <ax ls thou thuk
fdlh&fdlh dks gh vkrk gS ftls vkrk gS og vej gks tkrk gS A
;g ije lR; gS fd ^^QwWy Mky ls VwV tkrk gS] eqj>k tkrk gS]
mldk lkSnan;Z u"V gks tkrk gS] ijUrq QwWy dk e/kqj lqxU/k ekuo ds ekul
iVy ij vfdr gks tkrk gSA** mlh Qwy dh rjg egku~ nk'kZfud MkW0
jk/kkd`".ku~ dk ikfFkZo 'kjhj 16 vizSy 1975 dh jkf= 12 ctdj 56 feuV
ij lnk ds fy, geyksxksa ds chp ls mB x;kA

&&&&& %%%%% &&&&&&

- 15 -

v/;k;

% f}rh;

jk/kkd`".ku ds 'kS{kf.kd ;ksxnku&

[k

f'k{kk ds vFkZ] ms'; ,oa dk;Z &

ikB~;e vkSj f'k{kk if)fr &

?k

Nk=&f'k{kd lEcU/k ,oa f'k{kd dk dk;Z

- 16 -

d f'k{kk ds vFkZ] ms'; ,oa dk;Z

lalkj esa ,sls cgqr de O;fDr gSa] ftUgsa f'k{kk esa :fp u gksA
ijUrq n'kZu&'kkL= ds egku~ Kkrk] vkn'kZ f'k{kd] nk'kZfud] mPp dksfV ds
jktusrk MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us f'k{kk dk ewY;kadu vius <ax ls dh gS tks
loksZRre ekuh tkrh gSA
f'k{kk lekt ds vuq:i gksuh pkfg, rHkh ge lHkh ,d mUur
jk"V dk fuekZ.k dj ldrs gSa & vU;Fkk ughaA orZeku turkaf=d i)fr esa
f'k{kk dks ekuoh; ewY;ksa ls tksM+uk gksxk rFkk f'k{kk i_rh dks ,slk cuuk
gksxk] rkfd og lcds fy, gks] rHkh jk"V :ih edku [kM+k jg ldrk gSA
lPpsa vFkksZ esa vkt vko';drk gS fd ekuo dk laiw.kZ fodkl gks ldsA
vr,o f'k{kk izkIr djus dk volj izR;sd ukxfjd dks feyuk pkfg,A ;g
rHkh gksxk tc ckyd ds tUetkr 'kfDr;ksa ;k xq.kksa dks mlds vuq:Ik
fodflr fd;k tk;s] rHkh lekt dk fodkl gksxkA D;ksafd f'k{kk lkekftd
thou esa viuk egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA
O;kid vFkksZ esa f'k{kk gekjs thou esa ifjorZu ds lkFk&lkFk
lkekftd Lrj ij Hkh ifjorZu ykrh gSA lgh f'k{kk gekjs uSfrd ,oa
pkfj=hd xq.kksa dks fodflr djus esa enn igqWapkrh gSA O;fDr ds O;fDrRo ds
fuekZ.k esa vkSj mlds vfLrRo dks cjdjkj j[kus esa f'k{kk dk ;ksxnku
vHkwriwoZ gSA vr,o dYiuk 'kfDr vkSj euksHkkoksa dks fueZy cuk;k tkuk
pkfg;sA ftKklq efLr"d] vUr% Kkuh n;] psru'khy vkRek vkSj Nku&chu
- 17 -

djus okys foods dk fodkl fd;k tkuk pkfg,A Lej.kh; ckr ;g gS fd ;g

ekuo&thou yksgs dk lkWapk ugha gSA vr% /kkfeZd Hkkoukvksa dk Hkh dnz djuk
gksxk D;ksafd vk/;kfRed mRd"kZ Hkh ekuo ds fuekZ.k esa viuk egRoiw.kZ
;ksxnku nsrk gSA ;g lp gS fd HkkSfrd nfjnzrk Hkh nq%[kh ekuo&thou dk
,d igyq gS ysfdu bls dsoy foKku vkSj rduhfd dk iz;ksx djds nwj ugha
fd;k tk ldrk] cfYd blds fy, gesa yfyr dykvksa dks Hkh fodflr djuk
gksxk rHkh ekuoh; ewY;ksa dh j{kk laHko gSA vk;s fnuksa ns[kk tk jgk gS fd
f'k{kk ds izfr yksxksa esa dqfRlr Hkkouk iui

jgh gS yksx dh :fp i<+kbZ ls

lekIr gks jgh gS vr,o yksxksa dks f'k{kk ds izfr lefiZr gksuk gksxkA vFkkZr~
f'k{kk dks euq"; vkSj lekt dk fuekZ.k djuk pkfg;sA

"Education should be man making and society

making."
;ksa rks f'k{kk 'kCn vaxjsth ds Education 'kCn dk i;kZ;okph
gSA Education 'kCn dh mRifk ySfVu Hkk"kk ds rhu 'kCnksa ls ekuh tkrh gSA

Education

dk vFkZ gS %&
Act of teaching or Training.

Educare

dk vFkZ gS %&
To Educate, To bring up, To raise

Educare

dk vFkZ gS %&
To bring forth, To lead out.

- 18 -

bl izdkj Education 'kCn dk vFkZ gksrk gS & The

act of Education, To bring up and leading out.

vFkkZr~ izf'k{k.k] lao)Zu vkSj iFk&in'kZu djus dk dk;Z ls gSA

ijUrq lPps vFkksZ esa f'k{kk ds vFkZ dks Li"V djrs gq, MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us dgk
fd & f'k{kk LokLF; dks lqn`<+rk rFkk ifo=rk iznku djrh gS] ekufld
ifo=rk dks c<+kok nsrh gS rFkk vkRe&izo`fr dh Hkkouk dks lcy cukus rFkk
ifo= j[kus esa O;fDr dks lgk;rk iznku djrh gSA bruk gh ugha ;g
ekuoh; ewY;ksa dks ^^LoPN**] ^^/oy** cukrh gS O;fDr ds eu ds lkjs fodkjksa
dks mlls nwj dj nsrh gSA f'k{kk dk lgh vFkZ gS ;gh f'k{kk O;fDr dks
'kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj ckSf)d :Ik ls lHkh xq.kksa dks vkids vanj ls
fudkyrk jgrk gSA bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd ^^Kku** KNOWLEDGE u
dsoy ^^lwpuk** gS vkSj u gh fo}rk gS cfYd ;g f'k{kk dh xgjkbZ gSA ftl
xgjkbZ ds e/; ls pydj O;fDr f'k{kj ij igqWaprk gS] 'kq) rFkk ifo= gksrk
gS rFkk vius O;kogkfjd thou dks lqO;ofLFkr djrk gSA
vkt ge ikrs gSa fd uSfrdrk dk g~kl gks jgk gSA yksxksa esas
fnu&c&fnu fgalk dh izo`fr iui jgh gS] fonzksg dh izo`fr dks c<+kok fey jgk
gSA ,d fojkV tu lewg fgalk ds dxkj ij iafDrc) :Ik esa [kM+s fn[kkbZ iM+
jgs gSaA
vr,o t:jh gS fd bl uktqd nkSj esa gesa f'k{kk ds lPps vFkksZ
dks <qa<uk gksxkA rHkh ekuoh; ewY;ksa rFkk lkekftd ewY;ksa dh j{kk dh tk
- 19 -

ldrh gSA geyksxksa ds vUnj cSBs gq, jk{kl dks fudkyuk gksxkA tSlk fd
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us dgk gS fd lcls cM+h pqukSrh geyksxksa ds lkeus uSfrd
ewY;ksa dk gSA vr% O;fDr] lekt ;k jk"Vh; fodkl ds fy, f'k{kk dks ,d
lk/ku ds :i esa viukuk gksxkA
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk dguk gS fd dsoy fy[kus & i<+us dh
;ksX;rk gkfly dj ysuk rFkk Kku izkIr dj ysuk gh f'k{kk ugha gSA cfYd
cqf) dk fodkl vius vUnj >kad dj ns[kus dh {kerk dk fodkl djuk gh
f'k{kk gS tks gjsd O;fDr ds fy, t:jh gSA gesa vko';drk gS fd ge vius
fy, D;k curs gSaA f'k{kk geyksxksa esa dkSu lh ifjorZu ykrh gSA ge vius
dke ds izfr fdrus HkfDriwoZd vkSj 'kq) n; ls lefiZr gSa ;fn ge lPps
vFkksZ esa mifu"kn~ vkSj Jh en~Hkxonxhrk ds cryk;s x;s vkn'kksZ ij pyrs gSa
rks ogh f'k{kk dk lgh vkSj fo'kky vFkZ gSA
vr,o Li"V gS fd lgh f'k{kk dk vFkZ ek= fdrkch Kku ls
ugha] cfYd Kku dk lgh vFkksZ esa fodkl djus ls gSA
f'k{kk dk nwljk igyw Hkh gSA f'k{kk dk vFkZ dsoy dke djus
dh dq'kyrk ;k {kerk esa ugha gSA ;g lp gS fd fdlh dke dh n{krk
O;fDr dks thou /kkj.k djus esa enn igqapkrh gSA tSlk fd ge tkurs gS fd
euq"; ,d lkekftd izk.kh gS og lekt esa ,d nwljs ds lg;ksx ds fcuk
v/kwjk jg tkrk gS rFkk mls vius ms';ksa dks izkIr djus esas dfBukbZ;ka mRiUu
gksrh gSA bl vFkZ esa Hkh O;fDr esa uSfrd xq.kksa dk fodkl djuk pkfg,A

- 20 -

MkW0 jk/kkd`".kuu ^^'kkL=** dk v/;;u dj dgrs gSa fd gekjs

'kkL= crkrs gS % /keZ] vFkZ dke vkSj eks{k lHkh thou ds ms'; gSa] lk/; gS
vr% lHkh 'kSf{kd O;fDr dks bls izkIr djuk pkfg,A blds izkIr fd;s fcuk
f'k{kk v/kwjh vkSj larqfyr jg tkrh gSA
bl rjg MkW0 jk/kkd`".kuu us f'k{kk ds gj igyw dks ij[kk rFkk
le>k gS vkSj mls ekuo lekt ds lkeus izLrqr fd;k gSA bl rjg f'k{kk
ds varxZr O;fDr lekt] okrkoj.k] lkekftd fojklr] vk/;kRe] rFkk uSfrd
okrkoj.k lHkh vk tkrs gSA
f'k{kk lekt dh vk/kkjf'kyk gSA lekt esa ftl izdkj dh f'k{kk
O;oLFkk (Education System) gksxh] mlh izdkj ds lekt dk fuekZ.k gksxkA
;gh dkj.k gS fd lkekftd O;oLFkk esa mlds lajpuk ds eqrkfcd f'k{kk ds
ms'; vkSj mldh mi;ksfxrk dks Lohdkj fd;k tkrk jgk gSA tsls izkphu
Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dk ms'; & ^euq"; dk lokZaxh.k* fodkl djuk FkkA ;wukuh
nk'kZfudksa us viuh mi;ksfxrk ds vuqlkj f'k{kk ds uSfrd] lkekftd vkSj
ckSf)d ms';ksa ij cy fn;k gSaA izkphu jkse esa f'k{kk dk ms'; ^^jkT; dk
dY;k.k** cryk;k x;k gSA e/;dkyhu ;wjksi esa f'k{kk dk ms'; e`R;q ds ckn
thou dh rS;kjh djuk FkkA
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ds vuqlkj thou lqvolj izkIr djus dk
flyflyk gSA vkius ;fn ml lqvolj dks izkIr djus dh dksf'k'k dh rks
vki vius vanj O;kIr mu vk/;kfRed 'kfDr;ksa dks fodflr dj nSoh d`ik
dks izkIr dj ldrs gSA ifo= xzaFk] mifu"kn ds vuqlkj euq"; dk iz;Ru gh
- 21 -

bZ'ojh; d`ik gS ogh lQyrk rFkk egkurk izkIr djus dk jgL; gSA ysfdu
euq"; dks tc rd bZ'ojh; d`ik izkIr ugha gksxh rc rd yk[k iz;Ru djus
ds ckotwn Hkh og egku ugha cu ldrkA bZ'ojh; d`ik vkSj iz;Ru nksuksas
euq"; dks egku cukus okys nks pht gSA fuf'pr gh blds flok dksbZ nwljk
QkewZyk ughaA vr,o ;g t:jh gS fd vki rFkk J)kiwoZd] g`n; ls 'kq)
gksdj viuk drZO; djsaA vkidks vius drZO; ds izfr lefiZr gksuk gksxkA
egkurk ds fy, ;ksX;rk] {kerk vkSj lqvolj dk vkil esa
vU;ksU;kJ; laca/k gSA dksbZ O;fDr fdruk Hkh {kerk D;ksa u j[krk gks ysfdu
;fn mls lqvolj u feys rks og dqN Hkh ugha dj ldrkA blh rjg ;fn
vkidks lqvolj feys ysfdu vkiesa ;ksX;rk ugha gS rks vki dqN ugha dj
ldrsA vr% egku cuus rFkk lQy fl) gksus ds fy, nksuksa dk jguk
vR;Ur t:jh gSA
lekt ds fuekZ.k ds fy, rduhfd dk Kku] dq'kyrk vkfn
t:jh gSA ysfdu f'k{kk dk ;gh ,d ek= ms's ; ughaA vr,o gesa pkfg, fd
ekuo ds lokZaxh.k fodkl ds fy, Kku ds lkFk&lkFk vUrZn`f"V dks Hkh
fodflr djsaA lokZaxh.k ;k larqfyr fodkl dk vk'k; ;g gS fd O;fDr esa
Kku ds lkFk&lkFk

cqf) dk Hkh fodkl gksA dgk x;k gS fd & "Mental

slums are more dangerous mankind than Material slums.

,slh fLFkfr esa ge yksxksa ds lkeus ^^f'k{kk** ds dbZ egRoiw.kZ

ms'; lkeus vk tkrs gSaA

- 22 -

f}rh;] vkt f'k{kk dks d`f"k] m|ksx] drkbZ&cqukbZ rFkk c<+bZxhjh

ls tksM+ fn;k x;k gSA /khjs&/khjs mlesa ifjorZu vk jgk gSA lkekftd
vko';drk ds vuq:Ik f'k{kk ds ms';ksa dks Hkh izfrf"Br djus dh dksf'k'k dh
tk jgh gSA orZeku ljdkj Hkh ^^f'k{kk esa ubZ&uhfr** ykdj mls O;fDr ds
nSfud thou ls tksM+us dh dksf'k'k dj jgh gSA 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ij tksj fn;k
tk jgk gSA lkekftd rFkk jk"Vh; fodkl ds fy, f'k{kk ds ms';ksa esa
vewy&pwy ifjorZu fd;k tk jgk gSA tSlk fd MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku pkgrs gSa fd
f'k{kk esa orZeku ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqdwy ifjorZu gksuk pkfg,A ;g t:jh
ugha fd lekt ft/kj pys f'k{kk mlds fiNyXxwok cuh fQjs ysfdu fQj Hkh
f'k{kk dks ,d lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds chp lqfu;ksftr] lqfuf'pr rFkk
fu;af=r n'kk esa lkFk nsuk pkfg,A
r`rh;] ;|fi ;g lp gS fd f'k{kk lkekftd vko';drk ds
vuq:Ik gksA ijUrq ;g Hkh lp gS fd f'k{kk lkekftd fodkl esa lgk;d gksA
bl lanHkZ esa MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dgrs gSa fd ^^f'k{kk** lkekftd] vkfFkZd] vkSj
lkaLd`frd ifjorZu dk ,d lk/ku gSA ;fn ge jk"Vh; vkSj lkekftd ,drk
,oa v[kaMrk ds fy, dke djrs gSa] uSfrdrk vkSj vk/;kfRed mUufr ds fy,
lefiZr gSaA vkS|ksfxd {ks= mRiknu ds fy, vkSj d`f"k esa [kk|kUu dks c<+kus
ds fy, nUr&foRr gksdj dke djrs gSa rks ogh f'k{kk mfpr f'k{kk gSA foKku
vkSj rduhfd Kku Hkw[k vkSj nfjnzrk tSlh leL;kvksa ds lek/kku esa gesa
lgk;rk nsrh gS] jksx] vf'k{kk nwj gksrh gS rFkk ge xjhch js[kk dks lgt gh
ikj dj vehjksa dh iafDr esa [km+k gksdj xkSjokfUor eglql djrs gSaA gekjk
- 23 -

Lrj cM+k gksrk gSA ge vius dks vkxs c<+k ldrs gSaA vxyh 'krkCnh esa izos'k
djus esa gekjs iSj FkjFkjkrsa ughaA ysfdu ;g lHkh mfpr f'k{kk ds }kjk gh
laHko gSA vr,o bZekunkjh drZO; fu"Bk] dq'kyrk ds izfr oQknkj jguk
pkfg,A
prqFkZ] gekjh ;g O;oLFkk lkekftd vko';drk dks iwjk dj
ldrh gSA cgqr lkjs leL;kvksa dks O;fDr lkekftd] euksoSKkfud] cqfu;knh
rduhfd vkfn f'k{kk }kjk lek/kku dj ldrk gSA f'k{kk dks rhu Lrj esa
ckWaVk tkuk pkfg, & cqfu;knh f'k{kk] ;k ekSfyd f'k{kk ek/;fed f'k{kk vkSj
fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kkA
izkjafHkd dky esa ekSfyd f'k{kk ds :i esa nSfud thou ls
lacaf/kr m|ksx] d`f"k rFkk drkbZ cqukbZ vkfn dh f'k{kk nh tkrh pkfg,A
ek/;fed f'k{kk esa] lkfgR; laxhr] rduhfd Kku] vkjksX;&'kkL= rFkk
O;kolkf;d f'k{kk dks nsuk pkfg,A MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk dguk gS fd ek/;fed
Ldwyksa esa bl rjg dh f'k{kk fn;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd u;s lekt :ih edku
dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldsA u;s thou dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldsA nwj&fngkrksa
esa cls yksxksa dks izf'k{k.k fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g blfy, fd 'kgjh vkSj
fngkrh nksuksa O;fDr;ksa dk leku larqfyr fodkl gks ldsaA
r`rh; LFkku ij fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk dk LFkku gSA ;g mPpre
f'k{kk gSA blds fcuk O;fDr iw.kZ ugha cu ldrkA ;g O;fDr dks fpard
cukrh gSA vr,o bl ij tksj nsrs gq, MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dgrs gSa fd ;fn
O;fDr dh f'k{kk v/kqjh gS rks og mlesa vdq'kyrk yk nsrh gS Qyr% O;fDr
- 24 -

viuk thou dk nko gkj tkrk gSA vr,o gesa blls le>kSrk ugha djuk
pkfg,A O;fDr dks f'k{kk ds xq.kkRed igyq ij tksj nsuk pkfg,A ukSdjh izkIr
djuk eu dk loksZRre izf'k{k.k gks ldrk gSA ijUrq t:jh ;g gS fd
fo'ofo|ky; ikB~;e ds tfj, jk"V ds fy, lcls vPNs fnekx okys O;fDr
iSnk fd;k tk;sA thou ds lHkh nkSj esa vkxs vkus okys fnekx iSnk fd;k
tk;s] tks Hkkoqd ugha gks vr,o f'k{kk ds Lrj dks c<+k;k tk;A
bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku fo'ofo|kyh; f'k{kk
dsk iw.kZ :i ls l{ke cukus ij tksj nsrs gSaA ;gh f'k{kk mfpr fn'kk iznku
djsxhA rFkk lcls vPNk fnekx iSnk djsxhA bruk gh ugha ;g lekt dks
ubZ fn'kk nsdj mlds lajpuk dks mlds vko';drk ds vuqdwy cuk;sxhA
O;fDr ds vanj uSfrd rFkk ekufld xq.kksa dks vf/kd ewY;oku cuk;sxhA
D;ksafd & Moral qualities are of the greater value than intellectual
accomplishments.

iape] lPpkbZ rks ;g gS fd mijksDr ms';ksa ds vykos MkW0

jk/kkd`".ku O;fDr ds pfj= cy ij Hkh tksj nsrs gSaA muds vuqlkj] pfj=
ekuo thou dh vafre eafty gS] mldk loksZRre HkkX; gSA blh ij jk"V
dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA ,d egku~ jk"V ds fy, mnkUr pfj= okyh turk dk
gksuk vko';d gSA /kwfey O;fDrRo ysdj ge dHkh mUur&'khy jk"V dh
dYiuk ugha dj ldrsA
;fn bl izdkj f'k{kk ds ms'; mijksDr ckrksa dks iwjk djrs gS
rks fuf'pr gh gekjk lekt lH; lekt gksxk] lgdkfjrk dh Hkkouk c<+sxh
- 25 -

uSfrdrk dk vknj gksxk] pfj= dk fuekZ.k] gksxk rFkk xfjeke;h Hkkjrh;

laLd`fr dh j{kk gksxhA

&&&&&&&&&% %&&&&&&&&

- 26 -

[k ikB~;e vkSj f'k{k.k i)fr

f'k{kk ds fy, ,d ikB~;e dk gksuk vfr vko';d gSA dkj.k

dh fcuk lqfu;ksftr ikB~;e ds ge ckydksa dks mfpr rjhds ls Kku vkSj
vuqHko ugh ns ldrsA ysfdu lcls c<+dj vko';d ;g gS fd Kku dh
fofHkUu 'kk[kkvksa ,oa vuqHkoksa eas lkeatL; gksA tcrd ckyd ;g vuqHko
ugha djsaxs rc rd muds efLr"d dk larqfyr fodkl laHko ugha gksxkA MkW0
jk/kkd`".ku ds vuqlkj lHkh fo'ofo|ky;ksa] dkWystksa rFkk ek/;fed d{kkvksa dh
f'k{k.k i)fr ij /;ku nsuk t:jh gSA eryc ;g gS fd lHkh vko';d
fo"k;ksa dh tkudkjh lHkh ckydksa nh tkuh pkfg, vkSj lkfgR; ds ckydksa dks
foKku tSls fo"k; esa :fp ysuk pkfg, vkSj foKku ds ckydksa dks lkfgR; ds
{ks= esa Kku vftZr djuk pkfg,A ;g Hkh laHko gksxk] tc ^^lkekU; f'k{kk**
vkSj ^^fo'ks"khd`r f'k{kk** esa lkeatL; LFkkfir gksA ,slk gksus ls gh ckydksa dk
lgh ekxZ n'kZu izkIr gksxk rHkh og jk"V dk lq;ksX; ukxfjd A good
citizen cu ldsxkA vr,o ;g lp gS fd ^^lkekU; f'k{kk** dk ikB~;e

rFkk ikB~;oLrq ^^fof'k"V {ks=ksa** ds vuq:i gksaA

loZizFke] ckydksa ds fy, lkekftd foKku

dk Kku vfr

vko';d gSA fufoZokn lR; ;g gS fd lkekftd foKku dks fofHkUu fo}kuksa us

vius&vius <ax ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA vf/kdka'k yksx lksprs gSa fd ftl
izdkj 'kkjhfjd foKku HkkSfrdrk ij viuk jksc tek;s gq, gSA Bhd mlh izdkj
lkekftd foKku dk Hkh euq"; dh izo`fr] LoHkko ij fu;a=.k gSA ekuo
- 27 -

LoHkko dk fuekZ.k lkekftd foKkuksa ds v/;;u ls gh laHko gSA ysfdu

ekuoh; O;ogkj gh lekt dks dqN ugha nsrkA ;g lkekftd foKku dh ,d
ek= miyfC/k gks ldrh gS fd ;g laiw.kZrk dk ?kksrd gSA vlfy;r ;g gS
fd lkekftd foKku ds v/;;u ls ckyd dks ^^rF;ksa** ds ckjs esa tkudkjh
feyrh gSA
blls ekuoh; LoHkko ds mij ekLVjh fey tkrh gSA ;g
lekt esa jgus okys lHkh izkf.k;ksa ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh iznku djrh gSA ;g
og Kku nsrh gS ftlls O;fDr iwjs ekuoh; lewnk; ds mij viuk fu;a=.k
LFkkfir djrk gSA blls euq"; dh vurZHkkoukvksa dks ij[kus] mls fodflr
djus] D;k xyr D;k lgh ds ckjs Kku gkfly djus esa enn feyrh gSA
vurZjk"Vh; lg;ksx ,oa izse dh Hkkouk O;fDr esa vadqfjr gksrk gSA
bl izdkj MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk dguk gS fd ;fn ge yksx
lkekftd foKku dk lgh miHkksx djsa rks nqfu;k ds jaxeap ij iqjh ekuo
leqnk; dk fodkl laHko gks ldsxkA
vkt lkjs fo'o ij [krjs dk ckny eaMjk jgs gSa vr,o oSlh
ifjfLFkfr esa lkekftd foKku dks ikB~;e esa j[kdj v/;;u&v/;kiu
djuk vko';d gSA ,slk gksus ls gh iwjh ekuo tkfr ds vkn'kksZ rFkk fu;eksa
dh j{kk gks ldrh gSA vr% vko';d gS fd lekt ds mUufr ds fy, tkfr]
leqnk;] /keZ] laiznk;] {ksf=;rk vkfn dh ladh.kZ Hkkouk dks R;kxdj
^^le>nkjh** dks fodflr fd;k tk;] blds fy, olq/kSo dqVqEcde** ds ukjs
dks cqyUn djuk gksxk] rHkh yksd dY;k.k laHko gSA
- 28 -

lkfgR; %
bfrgkl lk{kh gS fd oSfnd ;qx esa vkt ls 3000 o"kZ igys
gekjs ;gkWa egku~ xazFk osn] mifu"kn rFkk osnkUr n'kZu vkfn Hkh Fks] tks euq";
ds thou&n'kZu dks ln`<+ rFkk lcy cukrs FksA
lqUnjrk vkSj balkuh;r lkfgR; ds ;s nks izeq[k fo'ks"krk;sa gSaA
lkfgR; dk ms'; euq";rk vkSj yksd dY;k.k dh Hkkouk dks fodflr djuk
gSA ;g gekjs vUnj O;kIr lHkh fodkjksa dks nwj dj fpUru'khy fopkj iznku
djrh gSA

MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dgrs gSa fd & A literacyartist must enter into solitude,
glimpse the vision, bring it down to earth, shape it with emotion, and
carve it into words, Literature is the channel between spiritual vision
and human beings. The poet is a priest of the invisible world, a divine
creator, a Kavi. He is not a mere entertainer but is a prophet into
inspires and expresses in varied ways the entire aspiration of the society
to which he belongs."

- 29 -

^^osn** gekjk igyk egku~ ifo= xzaFk gSA ;g dsoy dfork vkSj
/keZ dk xkFkk ughaA lkjka'kr% ckbZfcy vkSj dqjku dsoy /keZ dh vksj gh
bafxr ugha djrk cfYd ;g lkfgR; ds {ks= esa lcls cM+h miyfC/k gSA
lkfgR; dk ms'; ekr`Ro vkSj fo'o&cU/kqRe dh Hkkouk dks
fodflr djuk gSA ;g lnSo jpukRed dk;ksZ dks djus esa lgk;d gS u fd
/oukRed dk;ksZ dks djus esaA ;g vk/;kfRe ewY;ksa] lkaLd`frd izxk<+rk]
lkekftd lekurk ;k /kkfeZd ifo=rk ij tksj nsrk gSA bldk fo"k;&oLrq
fo'okRek gS rkRi;Z ;g fd bldk lEca/k cz dh izfrNk;k ls gS tks ekuo
ds lkFk&lkFk laiw.kZ l`f"V ij fu;a=.k djrk gSA bldk vuqHko ge vius
Lo&fu;a=.k ,oa lgkuqHkwfr ;k izse ds iz;ksx ls gh dj ldrs gSA Hkkjrh;
laLd`fr esa vkRe fu;a=.k ds lkFk&gh&lkFk cz dh ges'kk iz/kkurk jgh gS] tks
O;fDr dks lkfgR; ls Hkh izkIr gksrk gSA
lkfgR; euq"; ds O;ogkjksa vkSj mlds LokHkkfod izo`fr;ksa esa Hkh
ifjorZu djrk gSA ;g gesa uSfrd cy iznku djrk gS tks lnSo nwljs ds
dY;k.k ds dke esa vkrk gSA ;g fparu dks vkSj xgjkbZ iznku djrk gSA gesa
D;k djuk pkfg, vkSj D;k ugha djuk pkfg, bldh f'k{kk Hkh blls gesa
feyrh gSA MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dgrs gSa fd &
lkfgR; dk tUe lnSo fdlh oLrq ds vHkko esa gksrk gS tSls &
a crisis of our conciounsness, a crisis when we feel that 'we say one
thing and do another.'

- 30 -

lPpk lkfgR; O;fDr ds eu vkSj mlds eukso`fRr dks cnyus dk

iz;Ru djrk gSA lkfgR; ds }kjk ge vuq'kkflr gksrs gSA gesa ,d ubZ psruk]
,d u;k lans'k] ,d izcq) cqf) rFkk vk/;kRe dh vafre eafty izkIr gksrh
gSA vuqHkoksa dh izxk<+rk vkSj 'kCnksa dk tknw lkfgR; dks egku cukrk gS] mls
mij mBkrk gSA mPp lkfgR; O;fDr ds vUnj le>nkjh esa vUrj LFkkfir
djrk gSA
ps lkfgR; dk ms'; lnk egku gksrk gSA ;g ekuo dks
pkfjf=d fodkl fnykrk gSA ;g og niZ.k gS ftlesa tkfr] oxZ la?k"kZ]
laiznk;okn] dqfRlr /kkfeZd Hkkouk] iq:"k vkSj ukjh ds chp Hksn&Hkko vkfn
fn[kkbZ ugha iM+rsA euq"; ds eu] mlds O;ogkj] mlds fparu lcdksa ,d
fn'kk iznku djrk gSA
vr% vko';drk gS fd lekt esa lkfgR; dk leqfpr LFkku
fn;k tk;] mldk vknj fd;k tk;sA mlds izfr ckydksa esa :fp dks c<+k;k
tk;A ,slk gksus ls gh ckyd f;kRed gksdj lfkgR; ds {ks= esa viuk
fparu izkjEHk djsaxs vkSj rHkh ckyd dk pfj= fuekZ.k gks ldsxkA lekt dk
prqfnZd fodkl laHko gks ik;sxkA

- 31 -

foKku vkSj rduhfd

lH;rk ds fodkl esa foKku ,d egRoiw.kZ igyw gSA vkt
nqfu;k esa foKku vkSj rduhdh loZ= cksyckyk gSA vkt euksjatu ds lHkh
lk/ku bUgha ds cnkSyr ekuo dks miyC/k gSA ;g ftUnxh esa viuk ,d
fgLlk cuk fy;k gSA vf/kd ;k de ge foKku dk lgkjk ysrs gSA
ubZ f'k{kk uhfr esa ;g vko';d gS fd ikB~;eksa ds p;u esa
bl ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tk;A pwafd blh ds }kjk oSKkfud rduhf'k;u vkSj
bathfu;jksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSa vkt ns'k esa mRiknu c<+kus dh t:jr gSa
fofHkUu izdkj ds mn~;ksxksa dh LFkkiuk dh vko';drk gSA vr,o foKku dh
i<+kbZ dh vko';drk cSpsuh ls eglwl dh tk jgh gSaA bruk gh ugha
^^foKku** ^^Kku** ds lkFk&lkFk ,d ^^'kfDr** Hkh gSA
"Science is both knowledge and power. It has interest as
well as utility."

mi;ksfxrk dh n`f"Vdks.k ls vkt ge ikrs gS fd foKku us nwjh

dks lekIr dj fn;k gSA vkt blds }kjk nfjnzrk dks feVkus esa d`f"k txr
dks cgqr ykHk fey jgk gSaA vlk/; jksxksa ij vuqla/kku gks jgs gS ftlls
ekuo leqnk; dks jkgr feyrh gSA vkdk'kok.kh] nwjn'kZu ds lgkjs ge
euksjatu ds lkFk&lkFk ns'k ds leL;kvksa dks vklkuh ls utjvUnkt dj ysrs
gSA
jk"Vh; o vUrjkZ"Vh; ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dks cuk;s j[kus esa
foKku dk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSA i<+kbZ ds {ks= esa Hkh foKku us viuk

- 32 -

peRdkj fn[kk;k gSA vkt ';keiV dk;Z rqjar cVu nckrs gh iwjk gks tkrs gSA
vc fdlh txg dks crkus ds fy, f'k{kd dks uD'ks cuk dj crkus dh
vko';drk ughaA bl izdkj foKku us f'k{kk] m|ksx] d`f"k] fpfdRlk] ;krk;kr]
euksjat] lqj{kk vkfn {ks=ksa esa u;s&u;s vuqla/kku rFkk iz;ksx dj ekuo thou
ls viuk vU;ksU;kJ; lEca/k tksM+ fy;k gSa blls viuk thou Lrj vf/kd ls
vf/kd lq/kjk gSA
vc iz'u ;g gS fd vkf[kj foKku gS D;k\ tSlk fd MkW0
jk/kkd`".ku dk er gS fd ^^foKku lR; dh [kkst gSA vc lR; D;k gS\ rks
lR; ;g ugha tks vkids fnekx ls ckgj ls fufeZr gksrk gSA ;g vlk/kkj.k
fnekx dh mit gS tks euq"; dk ,dek= ms'; mls ikuk gS tks O;fDrxr
:Ik ls ekuo }kjk Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA o"kksZ igys ls bfrgkl ds
vuqla/kkudrkZ ftls ugha ik lds mls ;g lgt gh izkIr dj ysrk gSA ;fn
ge foKku vkSj rduhdh ds mij fo'ys"k.k djrs gS rks ikrs gS fd ;g
vkRedk dks lcls cM+h cgqewY; oLrq gSA foKku euq"; ds izd`fr ls ckr
djrk gSA
vkt yksx cslczh ls rduhfd dq'kyrk izkIr djus ds fy,
foKku vkSj rduhdh f'k{kk dk ekax djrs gSA ysfdu ;g f'k{kk ekuoksfpr
f'k{kk ds fcuk v/kwjh jg tkrh gSA foKku vkSj rduhdh f'k{kk ds lgkjs ge
i`Foh ij LoxZ dh dYiuk dj ldrs gS vkSj cVu nckdj nqfu;k dks {k.kHkj
esa /oal Hkh dj ldrs gSA ysfdu foKku vkSj rduhdh ;g dnkfi ms'; ugha
gSA gesa ,d lH; ftanxh dh vko';drk gSA vr,o foKku vkSj rduhdh dh
- 33 -

f'k{kk ds fy, vkRe&fu;a=.k] ekuoksfpr izf'k{k.k dh t:jr gS rHkh ge ,d

lH; ,oa leqUur jk"V dk fuekZ.k dj ldrs gSA ,d galrh gqbZ ftanxh dk
fuekZ.k dj ldrs gSA
vr,o fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa ,d vfr vk/kqfud iz;ksx'kkykvksa dk
fuekZ.k gksuk pkfg,A blls ns'k dks lcls vPNk fnekx fey ldsxk] lcls
vPNk f'k{kd izkIr gks ldsxkA tks ckydksa dks u;s&u;s vuqla/kku ds rkSj
rjhdksa dks cryk;sxk] u;s mn~;ksfxdj.k dh LFkkiuk esa jk"V dks enn djsxk]
O;fDr dks ubZ fn'kk] u;k Kku iznku djsxk] ftlls fo'o 'kkafr esa enn
feysxhA
vr,o fofHkUu txgksa esa u;s & u;s vuqla/kku dsUnz [kksys
tk;sA blls vuqla/kkudrkZ dks vuqla/kku ds {ks= esa enn fey ldsxkA tks
jk"Vh; o vUrjkZ"Vh; le>nkjh esa] ln~Hkkouk ds {ks= esa enn djsaxsA
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dgrs gS fd & "The years ahead of us are
crucial, crucial because of the spectular achievements which we have
won in the realms of science and technology. They may be used for
good purpose or for evil purposes, it depends on us and it is our hope
that all these things will be utilized for the service of man and not the
destruction of the humanity."

- 34 -

laxhr u`R; vkSj ukVd

laxhr] u`R; vkSj vfHku; dk LFkku ekuo ds ftanxh esa viuk
egRoiw.kZ LFkku j[krk gSA ;|fi fd euksjatu vkSj [kq'kh iznku djuk bldh
eq[; fo'ks"krk;sa gS & ij ;gh bldk ,d ek= ms'; ugha ;g ekuo g`n;
dk 'kqf)dj.k gSA vkRe'kqf) gSaA laxhr ekuo thou dk vk/kkj gSA ;g
euksHkkoksa dks O;Dr djus dk ltx vkSj lcy lk/ku gSa laxhr euq"; dks
ekufld :Ik ls LoLFk cukrk gSA blfy, laxhr dks ikB~;e esa egRo nsuk
pkfg,A rkfd ckydksa dk leqfpr fodkl gks ldsaA
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk fopkj gS fd dyk] ^^vkRelaLd`r** gSA ;g
euq"; dks og le>nkjh iznku djrh gS ftlds lgkjs euq"; viuh ftanxh
dks c<+kus dh 'kfDr dks ikrk gSA ;g og vUrZn`f"V gS tks iw.kZ lkSan;Z iznku
djrk gSA laxhr og f'ko gS tks euq"; dks vopsru ls psru dh voLFkk esa
ykrk gSA }U} ls NqVdkjk fnykdj mUeqDr xxu esa fopj.k djus dh vktknh
dks fnykrk gSA vkRe'kqf) vkSj vkRe&izdk'k vkRek ls fuo`r gksdj ugha ik;k
tk ldrkA laxhr dh ijkdk"Bk ij vk/;kRe dks NksM+dj ugha tk;k tk
ldrkA ;fn vk/;kRe dks NksM+dj dksbZ bls izkIr djrk gS rks og flQZ
euksjatu dk gh lk/ku cu dj jg tkrh gSA mlesa lR;] f'koa] lqUnje dh
>yd ugha gks ldrhA
dyk esa lekt vkSj jk"V dk izfrfcEc Li"V fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA
;g ekuo thou dh dfork gSA bldk lEcU/k ekuo ds vkRek ls gS u fd
- 35 -

HkkSfrd lk/kuksa lsA ;g oklrfod Hkkouk dks izdV djrh gS ftlesa lkSan;Z Hkj
iM+k jgrk gSA
laLd`fr dk n; Soul laxhr] u`R; vkSj vfHku; }kjk izdV
fd;k tkrk gSA vius ns'k dh ijaijk dks blds ek/;e ls fn[kk;k tkrk gSA
cgqr dky igys gekjs ns'k ds bfrgkl esa laxhr dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku FkkA
izkphudky esa ;g dsoy iwtk] vpZuk ds ,d lk/ku ds :i esa
ekuk tkrk jgk gSA gekjs /keZ esa ^^uVjkt** dks u`R; dk nsork ekuk tkrk
FkkA ljLorh dks laxhr ds fy, mikluk dh nsoh ds :Ik esa tkuk tkrk jgk
gSA cgqr lkjs /kkfeZd xzUFk dfork ds :Ik esa gh fy[ks tkrs jgs gSaA MkW0
jk/kkd`".ku bldk fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd laxhr ftUnxh ds lq[k&nq[k
dks <+ksus okyk ,d lk/ku gSA ;g og tgkt gS tks mij ys tkrk gS rks dHkh
uhpsA ;g lUrki dks ykylk esas cny nsrk gSA ;g euq"; esa g"kksZUekn]
eksgdrk rFkk ijekuUnnk;d 'kfDr dks Hkj nsrk gSA I;kj] lkSan;Z dks LFkkfir
dj O;fDr dks vkRe 'kkafr vkSj larks"k iznku djrk gSA
laxhr] u`R; vkSj ukVd Hkkouk dh 'kfDr dks rhoz dj vUrZp{kq
iznku djrk gSA tc ;g Hkkouk 'kCn vkSj jax dk :i /kkj.k dj ysrh gS rc
bls ge laxhr] u`R; vkSj ukVd dh lack ls foHkwf"kr djrs gSaA tc ge
laxhr dks lqurs gSa ;k Mkek dks ns[krs gSa rks gekjs fnekx dks 'kkafr feyrh
gSA blls vNwrk ge ugha jg ldrsA

- 36 -

ysfdu bl laxhr dk D;k ms'; gS \ MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk

fopkj gS fd ^^dyk** dks ;fn ge xaHkhjrk ls lksps rks ;g gesa ,d u;s p{kq
dks iznku djrh gSA ftlds lgkjs ge fofHkUu phtksa dks vyx&vyx n`f"Vdks.k
ls fo'ys"k.k dj ldrs gSaA ;gh bldk ekSfyd ms'; gSA ;g fnekx ;k eu
dh vihy gS] ekuo n; dh vihy gS ftlds lgkjs euq"; dks f'kf{kr fd;k
tkrk gS] ekufld rFkk vkfRed izf'k{k.k ,oa fn'kk funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gSA
vr% fo|ky;] egkfo|ky; rFkk lHkh fo'ofo|ky; Lrj ij
ckydksa laxhr lh[kus dk izf'k{k.k fn;k tkuk pkfg,] laxhr esa] :fp txkuh
pkfg, tc rd ^^dyk** dk fodkl ugha gksxk rc rd ge iw.kZ ugha gksaxsA
dyk ds fodkl ds fy, O;kid Lrj ij lk/ku tqVkus dh vko';drk gSA ;g
dke cM+s dykdkj vkSj f'k{kd feydj iwjk dj ldrs gSaA vr% bldh
ftEesokjh f'k{kdksa] dykdkjksa ds da/ks ij lkSiuk pkfg, rHkh jk"Vh; ,drk
vkSj yksd dY;k.k dh dYiuk dks lqn`<+ cuk;k tk ldrk gSA

- 37 -

ijh{kk
Hkkjrh; f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa ijh{kk dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku jgk gSA
vkt lHkh vk;ksxksa esa bUgha ijh{kkvksa ds lgkjs O;fDr fo'ks"k dk p;u fd;k
tkrk gSA vr% f'k{kk dk ,d ms'; ijh{kk ysuk Hkh gSA ijh{kk ds }kjk O;fDr
esa vkRe&fo'okl c<+rk gSA
ijh{kk dbZ rjg ls yh tkrh gS] tSls&euksoSKkfud tkWap] cqf)
tkWap] vkRefu"V vkSj oLrqfu"V tkWap] rFkk ekSf[kd tkWap vkfnA gesa ijh{kk ds
p;u esa lko/kkuh cjruh pkfg,A D;ksafd blh ds }kjk O;fDr dk lgh
ewY;kadu gksrk gSA f'k{kk ds fy, dksbZ ,d rjg dh tkWap iw.kZ ;k lgh
ewY;kadu iznku ugha djrkA orZeku le; dh voLFkk dks ns[krs gq, ijh{kk
dk p;u djuk gksxkA rHkh ge ijh{kk ds ms';ksa dks lQy cuk ldrs gSaA
l|fi fd vkRe&fu"B ijh{kk esa cgqr lkjs nks"k gSaA vr% blesa
lq/kkj dh vko';drk gSA ;g lp gS Nk=ksa ls vkRefu"B ijh{kk ds lgkjs
fy[kus dh {kerk fodflr gksrk gSA
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us 1949 esa vius fjiksZV esa ijh{kkvksa ds lq/kkj
ds fy, fuEufyf[kr lq>ko izLrqr fd;s gS %&
izFke] fdlh ,d jktdh; ukSdfj;ksa ds fy, fo'ofo|ky; fMxzh
dh vko';drk ugha cfYd ;g fofHkuu jktdh; ukSdfj;ksa ds fy, gksA

- 38 -

f}rh;] oSKkfud i)fr;ksa dk lw{e v/;;u dj mlds ifj.kkeksa

dh ijh{kk esa lq/kkj fd;k tk;A
r`rh;] dqy izkIrkad dk ,d frgkbZ izkIrkad ewY;kadu dk;Z ds
fy, j[kk tk;A tks ewY;kadu dk;Z Nk=ksa }kjk vius l= ds nkSjku fd;k
tkrk gksA
prqFkZ] Mhxzh ikB~;e ds fy, rhu o"kZ dh ijh{kk gksuk pkfg,A
ijUrq ;g rhu o"kZ ds mijkUr u yh tk;] cfYd ;g izR;sd o"kZ ds vUr esa
Lor% iw.kZ bZdkb;ksa esa ijh{kk yh tk;s ftlesa izR;sd fo"k; esa Nk=ksa dks ikl
gksuk vko';d fd;k tk;A
iape] ijh{kd dk pquko cM+h lko/kkuh ls fd;k tk;A dsoy os
gh O;fDr ijh{kd gks rks lko/kkuh iwoZd vius fo"k; dk 5 o"kksZ rd i<+k
psd gksaA ijh{kd dk in 3 o"kZ ls vf/kd ugha gksA
"k"V] fofHkUu ijh{kkvksa dk Lrj fHkUu&fHkUu gksA ijh{kkvksa ds
Lrj dks pk mBkuk pkfg,A blds fy, U;wure vad e'k% 60] 55 vkSj
40 izfr'kr fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk;A
lIre] ekSf[kd ijh{kk dsoy LukrdksRrj vkSj O;kolkf;d
ijh{kkvksa ds fy;s gksA

- 39 -

v"Ve~] lsok vk;ksx dqN 'kqYd ysdj ijh{kkvksa dh O;oLFkk dj

vkSj muesas mkh.kZ gksus okys Nk=ksa esa ls pquko fd;k tk;A
uoe~] d{kk esa Nk=ksa dh izxfr dk ewY;kadu djus ds fy,
;Fkk'kh?kz oLrqfu"B izxfr ijh{kkvksa dk ,d dqy fodflr fd;k tk;A
nle~] izR;sd fo'ofo|ky; esa rhu lnL;ksa dk cksMZ cuk;k
tk;A
d

ftldk dke oLrqfu"B ijh{kkvkas ds laca/k esa ;kstuk cukuk] ijke'kZ

nsuk rFkk ikB~;e esa la'kks/ku dj lkexzh nsuk gksxkA

[k

lEc) dkWystksa ds Nk=ksa dk le;&le; ij izxfr ijh{kkvksa }kjk

ijh{k.k djuk gksxkA
bl izdkj MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us vius 1949 ds fjiksZV esa

egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu ykdj ns'k dh ijh{kk&iz.kkyh esa viuk lq>ko fn;s gSa tks
izHkkodkjh] larks"kizn rFkk lQy fl) gSA
dqy feykdj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk
f'k{k.k i)fr :lks dh f'k{k.k i)fr ls lkE; j[krh gSA MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us
viuh f'k{k.k i)fr esa lkekftd foKku] lkfgR;] foKku vkSj rduhfd]
laxhr] u`R;] ukVd ds lkFk&lkFk ewY;kadu] rFkk tkWap ijh{kk ij Hkh viuk
egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fd;k gSA MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku tks izfl) egku nk'kZfud Fks ;s

- 40 -

jk"Vfirk egkRekxkWa/kh] xq:nso johUnz ukFk VSxksj] ;ksxh vjfoUn ,oa lar
fouksck Hkkos ds cqfu;knh f'k{kk] izd`froknh f'k{kk] ;ksxokn rFkk leok;okn ls
vyx gVdj f'k{kk ds {ks= esa tks f'k{k.k i)fr dks fu:fir fd;k gS og
vius&vki esa Lo;a fl) vkSj egRoiw.kZ gSA
,Sfrgkfld]

lkaLd`frd

,oa

vk/;kfRed

I;kZoj.k

esa

MkW0

jk/kkd`".ku fopj.k djrs gq, Hkkjrh;rk] jk"Vh;rk dh iz/kkurk dks Lohdkj

fd;k gSaA rFkk viuh f'k{k.k i)rh esa ^^vkRe&Kku** ,oa ^^HkkSfrd&Kku** dks
loksZifj crk;k gSA
;gh dkj.k fd MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dh fu:fir f'k{k.k fof/k mPp
f'k{kk ds {ks= esa viuk ,d ekSfyd ,oa fof'k"V LFkku j[krh gSA

- 41 -

f'k{kd Nk= laca/k vkSj f'k{kd dk dk;Z

izkphu ;qx ls gh f'k{kd vkSj Nk= dk laca/k vR;Ur ifo=k FkkA

f'k{kd Nk=ksa ds lkeus vius vkn'kksZ dks izLrqr djrs Fks rFkk Nk=ksa dks I;kj
djrs FksA xq:&f'k"; dk lEcU/k iq=or gksrk FkkA xq:&f'k"; ds fy, dsoy
O;kogkfjd thou dh ckrsa crkus okys gh ugha gksrs Fks] cfYd os f'k";ksa ds
vkRek dks cz Kku Hkh djkrs jgs gSa] mUgsa eks{k iznku Hkh djkrs jgs gSaA ;gh
f'k{kk dk pje ms'; gSA ^^lk fo|;k;k foeqDr;s%**A orZeku n'kd esa lekt
esa Nk= ,oa f'k{kd nksuksa ds Lo:Ik vkSj drZO; dh ekU;rk,Wa FkksM+h cnyh gqbZ
lh fn[krh gSA vr,o vko';drk bl ckr dh gS fd f'k{kdksa dh fu;qfDr esa
FkksM+h lko/kuh cjrh tk;A f'k{kdksa ij gh Nk=] lekt rFkk jk"V dk lHkh
laHkkouk;sa Vhdh gqbZ gS] ge lcls vPNs xq.k xzg.k dj ldrs gSa vFkkZr~
lnxq.kh cu ldrs gSa tc gekjs f'k{kd ln~xq.kh gksaA vr% f'k{kdksa dh cgkyh
esa lko/kkuh j[ksa rkfd jk"V dks lcls vPNk fnekx izkIr gks ldsaA
Hkfo"; esa jk"V dk fuekZ.k vkn'kZ f'k{kdksa ij gh fuHkZj gSA vkt
f'k{kd vius drZO; dks iqfur drZO; ugha le> dj mls thfodksaiktZu dk
lk/ku eku cSBs gSaA ;g lp gS fd cnyh gqbZ ekU;rkvksa ds dkj.k f'k{kd dk
lEeku ?kVk gSA vk;s fnu fo|ky;ksa] egkfo|ky;ksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa
f'k{kdksa dh gR;k dh tkrh gS] mu ij ekj&ihV iM+rh gSA vkt iwjk
fo'ofo|ky; jktuhfr dh vkx esa >qyl jgk gSA tkfr;rk] {ksf=;rk] /keZ]
- 42 -

lEiznk;okn] HkkbZ&Hkrhtsokn vkfn ds uke ij naxs&Qlkn gqvk djrs gSaA

Qyr% f'k{kdksa }kjk fn;s x;s Kku ls Nk= mruk ykHkkfUor ugha gks ikrk gS
ftlls mudk thou viw.kZ] vlarqfyr] vifjiDo cu tkrk gSA
bl cnyh gqbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa orZeku thou dh vko';drkvksa
dks ns[krs gq, MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us dgk gS fd fo'ofo|ky; og fuxe gS tgkWa
f'k{kd vkSj Nk= nksuska ,d lkFk jgrs gSa vr,o nksuksa ds chp dk lEcU/k
ifo=] LoPN ,ao /oy gksuk pkfg,A f'k{kdksa dks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd lsokvksa esa
lq/kkj ykuk pkfg,] blds fy, ;ksX;re O;fDr;ksa dks v/;kiu dk;Z dh vksj
vkdf"kZr djuk gksxkA ;fn ge foKku vkSj rduhfd ds {ks= esa vkxs vkuk
pkgrs gSa] fo}ork dh nkSM+ esa vkxs gksuk pkgrs gSa rks fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa loZJs"B
fo}oklksa dks pquuk gksxkA blds fy, vko';d gS fd f'k{kd dk thou&Lrj
mWapk mBs] mldk thou vkjke ls xqtjsA viuh jksth&jksVh ds fy, mls vf/kd
ijs'kku ugha gksuk iM+s cfYd 'kks/kdk;Z] v/;kiu ,oa fparu ds izfr og ges'kk
tkx:d jgsA orZeku le; esa v/;kidksa dh fLFkfr dqN vthc fujkyh gSA
xjhch js[kk ls tq>rk gqvk f'k{kd u rks vius mij vkRe&fu;a=.k dj ldrk
gS vkSj u viuk pfj= fuekZ.k ghA bl cnrj fLFkfr ds dkj.k mldh ;ksX;rk
dqafBr gks tkrh gS] mldh izfrHkk Qhdh iM+ tkrh gS] mldh le>nkjh ifjokj
dh ns[k&js[k vkSj uwu&rsy tqVkus esa gh fleV dj jg tkrh gSA mudh cqf)
yfC/k] {kerk ikB~;&iqLrd fy[kus ;k ijh{kd cu dj :i;s dekus rd
jgdj lekIr gks tkrh gSA

- 43 -

f'k{kdksa ds O;fDrxr thou dk vkn'kZ Nk=ksa dks izHkkfor djrk

gS vr% vko';d gS fd muds vPNs thou O;rhr djus ds fy, fo'ks"k lqfo/kk
fn;k tk;] lsok&dky esa lq/kkj fd;k tk;A ,slk gksus ds ckn gh ge muls
izkphu xq:vksa dh rjg vkn'kZ Nk=&Nk=ksa ij NksM+us dh vk'kk dj ldrs gSaA
dkj.k fd ,d vpNk v/;kid Nk= :ih cxhps ds ns[k&Hkky ds fy, ekyh
ds leku gS] ftlds laj{k.k esa lgL=ksa Nk= :ih isM&ikS/ks mxrs gSa] iuirs
gSaA f'k{kd :ih ekyh Nk=ksa esa viuh 'kfDr;ksa dk vkjksiu ugha djrk cfYd
i<+kbZ ds ek/;e ls Nk=ksa ds eukso`fRr;ksa esa ifjorZu djrk gS tks okLro esa
yksd&dY;k.k ds fy, t:jh gSA jk"V&fuekZ.k ds fy, vko';d gSA f'k{kd
dke Nk=ksa ds fLFkr izfrHkk dks LokHkkfod <ax ls fodflr djuk gSA vkSj ;g
rc rd laHko ugha tc rd fd f'k{kd&Nk= dks I;kj ugha djsaA
"Only he can teach who can love. The greatest teacher of
man have been lovers of man. The real teaching is gift, It is sacrifice. It
is not a manufactured article of routine work, It is the fulfillment
of knowledge for the teacher himself."

izkphu dky esa f'k"; xq: ds izfrHkfDr j[krs Fks ftls xq:HkfDr
dgk tkrk FkkA vr,o xq: vkSj f'k"; ds xhp izse vkSj J)k gksuk pkfg,A
f'k{kd esa ekr`Ro dk xq.k gksuk pkfg,A Nk= ;g eglql ugha djsa fd mUgsa
i<+k;k tk jgk gSA mUgsa rks flQZ funsZ'ku dh vko';drk gSA xkWa/kh th us Bhd
gh dgk gS fd &

- 44 -

"ONE WHO CAN NOT TAKE THE PLACE OF A

MOTHER, CAN NOT BE A TEACHER"

gekjs ns'k esa fu'p; gh vkUrfjd dyg dh izcyrk c<+ jgh gSA
gekjh ,drk rFkk v[kaMrk [krjs esa gSA vyxko oknh izo`fRr tksj&'kksj ij gSA
vr% bl ifjizs{; esa MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk dguk gS fd jk"V dk fuekZ.k 'kSf{kd
laLFkkuksa ds ek/;e ls gh gks ldrk gSA vr% f'k{kdksa dks viuk drZZO;
le>uk pkfg, f dog fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa u;s & u;s rFkk vuqHko dks nsdj fdlh
Hkh izdkj ls mlesa tkx:drk yk lds] fo"k;ksa ds izfr Nk=ksa esa :fp dk
fodkl dj lds Nk=ksa ds chp fofHkUu izdkj ds rukoksa dks lekIr dj muesa
lg;ksx dh Hkkouk dks Hkj ldsA jk"Vh; rFkk vurZjk"Vh; ln~Hkkouk dks le>
ldsA vkfnA blds fy, f'k{kd dks] vius is'ks dks ,d O;kikj ds :Ik esa
ugha le>uk pkfg,A fo'ofo|ky; ifjlj esa tkfr] oxZ] {ks=] /keZ ds uke
ij tks ;qok oxZ esa Hkze QSy x;k gS] v'kkafr dk okrkoj.k O;kIr gks x;k gS]
mls nwj djuk pkfg;sA uSfrdrk vkSj pkfjf=d eukso`fk dks Nk=ksa ds chp
fodflr djuk pkfg,A ,d vkn'kZ vk/;kid gh rFkk dfFkr bu dqHkkoukvksa
ds f'kdkj gksus ls Nk=ksa dks cpk ik;saxs ftlls gekjs ns'k dk ;qok oxZ ,d
vkn'kZ ukxfjd cu ldsxkA blds ckotwn f'k{kdksa dks vius fo"k; ds xgjkbZ
esa tkuk gksxk ml fo"k; ij mldk fu;a=.k Hkh gksuk pkfg,A
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us dgk gS fd &

- 45 -

"A University is essentially a community of

students and teachers. The two have to work together for the
one single purpose of advancing knowledge and disseminating
it. It they are at any time distracted from this straight path of
pursuing truth for its own sake and get led away, there will be
a jeopardy to the community of the University."
bl izdkj ;g t:jh gS fd f'k{kd vkSj Nk= nksuksa ,d lkFk
viuk dke HkfDr rFkk J)kiwoZd 'kq) n; ls djsaA okLrfodrk dks le>saA
vkn'kZ f'k{kd dk ;g drZO; gS fd Nk=ksa dks cqf) ds fodkl esa Kku ds
vtZu esa vkSj uSfrdrk ds fodkl esa enn djsaA
fu'p; iwoZd dgk tk ldrk gS fd cPps ds fodkl esa f'k{kd
dh Hkwfedk vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gSaA f'k{kd dk lEcU/k ekuo thou ls gSa]
ekuo ds Hkfo"; ls gSA rkRdkfyd ekuoh; ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk ls gS] ns'k rFkk
jk"V fuekZ.k ls gSA vr,o f'k{kd dks fo'okliwoZd J)k ls viuk drZO;
djuk pkfg,A bldks fd;s fcuk jk"V dh 'kfDr ugha c<+ ldrh] ns'k esa egku~
nk'kZfud] fpard iSnk ugha gks ldrs**A
f'k{kd dk is'kk vU; is'kksa ls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ rFkk xfjek dk
gSA D;ksafd f'k{kd Nk=ksa ds eu&fnekx dks izf'kf{kr djrk gSA gekjk Hkfo";
;qok oxZ ds mu ekuoh; xq.kksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA f'k{kdksa dk 'kS{kf.kd

- 46 -

dq'kyrk] iz[kj efLr"d mlds is'ks esa ped&ned iSnk djrk gS ftlls O;fDr
lekt rFkk jk"V dk fodkl gksrk gSA
f'k{k lEizHkq gS tks lc ij fu;a=.k djrk gSA og yksxksa dk
lsok djrk gSA ,d vkn'kZ f'k{kd lnSo vius mij vkRe&la;e j[krk gSA og
ges'kk O;fDR dks egku ls egkure cuus esa enn igqWapkrk gSA ;gh vkn'kZ
f'k{kd dh ijaijk jgh gSA lekt ds fodkl esa f'k{kd dk LFkku egRoiw.kZ gSA
iqjkus tekus esa ih<+h nj&ih<+h lH;rk dk fodflr djus] Kku dks gkfly
djus esa f'k{kd }kjk izdk'k fn;k tkrk jgk gSA
bl izdkj MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us f'k{kd&Nk= laca/k vkSj mlds
drZO;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k vk/kqfud ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vkyksd esa fd;k gSA vr,o
blesa izse vkSj J)k ds rRo fuf'pr :i ls lekfo"V gSA bruk gh ugha]
mUgksaus vkn'kZ f'k{kd ds fo'ks"krkvksa ij Hkh izdk'k Mkyk gS tks vius&vki esa
egRoiw.kZ gSA ;fn ge MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ds crk;s jkLrs dks O;kogkfjd :i nsa
rks fuf'pr gh ge vius thou dh lcls cM+h miyfC/k dks ik ldus esa
leFkZoku~ gks ldrs gSa] ekuo tkfr rFkk mlds lekt dks pje fodkl dh
vksj ys tk ldrs gSaA ysfdu nqHkkZX;o'k orZeku fnuksa esa f'k{kd dk is'kk
O;kikj djus okyk ek= is'kk cu dj jg x;k gS] os mrus tkx:d ugha jgsaA
muesa O;kIr LokFkZijrk] rFkk fo"k;ksa dh v:fp ds dkj.k Hkfo"; dh ih<+h dks
'kadk mRiUu gks x;k gSA
&&&&& %%%% &&&&&&
- 47 -

v/;k;

% r`rh;

f'k{kk dk ek/;e

- 48 -

f'k{kk dk ek/;e
f'k{kd & Nk= laca/k rFkk mudh Hkwfedk ds vykos MkW0
jk/kkd`".ku us f'k{kk dk ek/;e D;k gks] ij Hkh viuk xaHkhj fopkj fn;k gSA
dkj.k fd ^^f'k{kk ds ek/;e** ds iz'u dks ysdj f'k{kk fo'ks"kKksa esa dkukQwlh
gksrh jgh gSA vr% MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ds vuqlkj f'k{kk dk ek/;e fuEufyf[kr
gksuk pkfg, %&

loZizFke] la?kh; Hkk"kk esa vU; Hkk"kkvksa dk leUo; dj mls

mUur rFkk le`) cuk;k tk;A
f}rh;] vUrZjk"Vh; izkfof/kd ,oa oSKkfud ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa dks
viuk;k tk; rFkk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh /ofu] izd`fr ,oa mPpkj.k ds vuqlkj
mudk Hkkjrh;dj.k fd;k tk;A
r`rh;] mPp f'k{kk ds fy, vaxjsth ds LFkku ij fdlh mUur
Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk nsoukxjh dk iz;ksx fd;k tk;A
prqFkZ] mPprj] ek/;fed ,oa fo'ofo|ky; Lrj ij Nk=ksa dks
rhu Hkk"kkvksa dk Kku fn;k tk;A
d

izknsf'kd Hkk"kk ekr`Hkk"kk

[k

la?kh; Hkk"kk jk"VHkk"kk

vaxjsthA

- 49 -

iape] mPp f'k{kk dk ek/;e izknsf'kd Hkk"kk gks ijUrq jk"VHkk"kk

dks vf/kd fo"k;ksa dh Hkk"kk cuk;k tk;A
"k"B] jk"VHkk"kk ds :Ik esa nsoukxjh o.kZ fyfi dk iz;ksx fd;k
tk; u fd laLd`r dkA
lIre] jkT; ljdkjsa Hkh vius mPprj ek/;fed Ldwyksa rFkk
fMxzh dkWystksa esa jk"VHkk"kk dks ykxw djsaA
v"Ve~] uohu Kku fy[kus ds fy, mPprj ek/;fed d{kk rFkk
fo'o fo|ky;ksa esa vaxjsth dks Hkh j[kk tk; ysfdu vaxjsth jk"VHkk"kk u gksA
uoe~] jk"V Hkk"kk vkSj ekr`Hkk"kk dks fodflr djus ds fy,
;Fkk'kh?kz f;kRed dne mBk;k tk;A
bl izdkj MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ij izdk'k Mkyk
gS tks vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gSA dgk Hkh x;k gS fd & "Too much freedom
and high degree of morality do not go hand in hand."

eryc fd vR;f/kd Lora=rk vkSj mPp dksfV dh uSfrdrk nksuksa

,d lkFk ugha py ldrhA bldk iz;ksx MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us ukjh&f'k{kk
fo"k;d O;k[;ku ekyk esa fd;k gSA MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us ,d ukjh f'k{kk] rFkk
Hkk"kk ds ek/;e lEcU/kh iz'u ij ,d rVLFk dh Hkkrh vius dks izfrf"Br
fd;k gSA

- 50 -

bl izdkj MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku dk f'k{kk ek/;e fopkj] f'k{kd&Nk=

laca/kh earO; ,d vkn'kZ f'k{kd ds drZO; ij fn;k x;k fopkj vius&vki esa
iw.kZ rFkk ljkguh; gSA

&&&&& %%%% &&&&&&

- 51 -

v/;k;

% prqFkZ

fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk vk;ksx

(1948 & 1949)

- 52 -

fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk vk;ksx

1948&1949

mPp f'k{kk esa loZiYyh jk/kkd`".ku dh nsu

Lora=rk izkfIr ds ckn fo'ofo|ky;ksa vkSj muesa f'k{kk xzg.k

djusokys Nk=ksa dh la[;k esa fnu izfrfnu o`f) gqbZA ijUrq fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa
ftl izdkj dh f'k{kk iznku dh tk jgh gS] mlls tulk/kkj.k esa vR;f/kd
vlarks"k FkkA fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk dk ,dek= ms';&Nk=ksa dks fdlh ijh{kk ds
fy;s rS;kj djuk FkkA Lora= Hkkjr dh uohu jktuSfrd rFkk lkekftd
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa bl izdkj dh f'k{kk ns'k ds uo;qodksa ds fy;s loZFkk
vuqi;qDr le>h xbZ vkSj ns'k rFkk okrkoj.k ds vko';drkvksas ds vuqlkj
muds uo fuekZ.k dh ekax dh xbZA vr% vUrZ fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk & ifj"kn~
vkSj ^^dsUnzh; f'k{kk lykgdkj cksMZ** us ljdkj ls ,d ^^vf[ky Hkkjrh;
fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk vk;ksx** fu;qfDRk djus dh ubZ flQkfj'k dh tks ns'k dh
ubZ ekaxksa ds vuqdwy fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk ds iquZ% xBu ds fy;s lq>ko nsA
mi;qDr flQkfj'k dks Lohdkj djds Hkkjr ljdkj us 4 uoEcj]
1948 dks MkW0 ,l0 jk/kkd`".ku dh v/;{krk esa ^^fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk

- 53 -

vk;ksx** dh fu;qfDr dhA v/;{k ds uke ij bl vk;ksx dks ^^jk/kkd`".ku

deh'ku** Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

&&&&& %%%% &&&&&&

- 54 -

vk;ksx ds fu;qfDr ds ms';

^^vk;ksx** ds fu;qfDr ds ms';** Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk
ij fjiksZV izLrqr djuk vkSj muesa lq/kkjksa rFkk foLrkjksa ds fo"k; esa lq>ko
nsuk ;k] tks ns'k dh orZeku rFkk Hkkoh vko';drkvksa dks mi;qDr gksus ds
fy, okaNuh; gks ldsaA
"To report an Indian University Education and suggest
improvements and esterlians that may be desirable to suit present and
future requirements of the country."

^^vk;ksx** us fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk ls lacaf/kr ,d iz'ukoyh rS;kj

djds f'k{kk fo'ks"kKksa ds ikl HksthA yxHkx 600 O;fDr;ksa us bl iz'ukoyh
ds mRrj fn;sA vk;ksx ds lnl; Hkkjr ds fofHkUu fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa x;sA
ogkWa mUgkaus f'k{kkf/kdkfj;ksa] Nk=ksa dh laLFkkvksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa ,oa vU;
f'k{kkfonksa ls HksaV dh vkSj fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk ds lHkh vo;ksa ds laca/k esa
tkudkjh izkIr dhA rnqijkUr vk;ksx us vFkd ifjJe ls viuh fjiksZV rS;kj
dh vkSj 25 vxLr 1949 dks ljdkj ds le{k izLrqr fd;kA

- 55 -

vk;ksx ds fopkj ,oa lq>ko

^^vk;ksx** ds fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk ds lHkh igyqvksa ij vius
fopkj O;Dr fd;s gSa vkSj muesa lq/kkj ds fy;s lq>ko Hkh fn;sA muesa ls
egRoiw.kZ lq>ko fuEufyf[kr gS %&

fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk ds ms'; %&

Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa U;k;] Lora=rk] lerk rFkk ca/kqrk dh
izkfIr }kjk yksdrkaf=d x.k&jkT; LFkkfir djus dk ladYi fd;k x;k gSA
bUgh vkn'kksZ dks /;ku j[kdj ^^vk;ksx** us fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk ds
fuEufyf[kr ms'; crk;s gSa %&
1

Lora=rk izkfIr ds i'pkr~ Hkkjr dh jktuSfrd] lkekftd vkSj

vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa egku ifjorZu gks pqdk gSA vr%
fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds drZO;ksa rFkk nkf;Roksa esa Hkh o`f) gksA mUgsa ,sls
O;fDr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djuk gS] tks jktuSfrd iz'kkldh; rFkk
O;kolkf;d {ks= esa usr`Ro xzg.k dj ldsaA

fo'ofo|ky;] lekt lq/kkj esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku ns ldrs gSA

vr% mudk ms;l & ,sls usrkvksa dks tUe nsuk gksuk pkfg;s
tks nwjn'khZ] cqf)eku rFkk lkglh gksaA

fo'ofo|ky;ksa dks ,slh foosdh O;fDr;ksa dks tUe nsuk pkfg;s]

tks iztkra= dks lQy cukus ds fy, f'k{kk dk izlkj dj ldsaA
- 56 -

Kku dh fujUrj [kkst dj ldsa] ekuo thou dk vFkZ rFkk

lkj tku ldsa] jkstxkjksa dh O;oLFkk dj ldsa vkSj ns'k rFkk
lekt ds fofHkUu HkkSfrd vHkkoksa dh iwfrZ ds fy;s lk/kuksa dks
tqVk ldsaA
4

f'k{kk dk ms'; thou vkSj Kku dk fofHkUu 'kk[kkvksa esa

leUo;

LFkkfir

djuk

gSA

vr%

;g vko';d

gS

fd

fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa tks fo"k; i<+k;s tk;sa os ikB~;e ds fofHkUu

vax ds :Ik esa gksa ftlls fd Nk=ksa ds efLr"d esa fofHkUu
rRoksa dk ladyu u gks vfirq laiw.kZ rRoksa dk ,d gh lkaps esa
lekos'k gks tk;sA
5

Nk=ksa dk vk/;kfRed fodkl djuk fo'ofo|ky; dk ,d izeq[k

drZO; gSA

fo'ofo|ky; ns'k dh lH;rk rFkk laLd`fr ds iks"kd gSaA ;fn

ge lH; dgykuk pkgrs gS] rks gesa nq%[kh nfjnzksa ds izfr
lgkuqHkwfr j[kuh pkfg;s] fL=;ksa dk lEeku djuk pkfg;s] 'kkafr
,oa Lok/khurk ls izse djuk pkfg;s] vkSj vR;kpkj rFkk vU;k;
ls ?k`.kk djuh pkfg;sA fo'ofo|ky; dh f'k{kk dk ms';
uo;qodksa esa bu rRoksa dk lapkj djuk gksuk pkfg;sA

- 57 -

f'k{kk dk ms'; O;fDr ds tUetkr xq.kksa dks [kkst fudkyuk

vkSj izf'k{k.k }kjk mu xq.kksa dks fodflr djuk gSA vr%
fo'ofo|ky; vius Nk=ksa ds izfr bu nksuksa drZO;ksa dk

ikyu

djsaA
8

LoklF; efLr"d] LoLFk 'kjhj esa fuokl djrk gSA vr%

fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa Nk=ksa ds u dsoy ekufld fodkl] vfirq
'kkjhfjd LokLF; dh vksj Hkh /;ku fn;k tk;sA 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk
'kkfL=;ksa us vuq'kklu] lkgl] usr`Ro rFkk lkewfgd Hkkouk ds
fodkl ij cy fn;k gSA

lkfgR; ekuoh; Hkkoukvksa dks Liafnr rFkk ifjof)Zr djrk gSA

vr% fo'ofo|ky;ksa dks jk"V Hkk"kk ,oa ekr`Hkk"kk ds lkfgR; dks
lkekU; f'k{kk esa :i esa loZizFke /;ku nsuk pkfg;sA D;ksafd
mudk thou ds vkpj.kksa rFkk ms';ksa ls ?kfu"B laca/k gSA

10

^^ge U;k;] Lora=rk] lekurk rFkk cU/kqRo dh izkfIr }kjk

iztkra= dh [kkst esa jr gSaA** vr% ;g vko';d gS fd gekjs
fo'ofo|ky; bu vkn'kksZ ds izrhd rFkk laj{kd gksaA

- 58 -

v/;kiu ds Lrj
fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa f'k{k.k Lrj dh vfHko`f) djus ds fy;s
^^vk;ksx** us fuEufyf[kr lq>ko fn;s gSa &
1

fo'ofo|ky; esa mUgha fo|kFkhZ dk ukekadu gks tks fo|kFkhZ orZeku

bUVjehfM,V ijh{kk ;k mlds led{k ijh{kk esa mRrh.kZ gksA

izR;sd izkUr esa vf/kd la[;k esa bUVjehfM,V dkWyst [kksys tk;sa]
ftuesa ;ksX; f'k{kd vkSj leqfpr f'k{k.k lkexzzh gksA

gkbZ Ldwy ,oa bUVj ds mijkUr Nk=ksa dks O;kolkf;d ,d izkfof/kd

Ldwy esa tkus ds fy;s izksRlkfgr fd;k tk;s vkSj bl izdkj ds Ldwy
I;kZIr la[;k esa LFkkfir fd;s tk;saA

f'k{k.k fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa dyk ,oa foKku ds d{kkvksa esa 3]000 vkSj
lEc) dkWystksa esa 1]500 ls vf/kd Nk= u j[ksa tk;saA

ijh{kk fnolksa dks NksM+dj dk;Z djus ds fnu ,d o"kZ esa de&ls&de
180 fnu gksaA

f'k{kdksa ds O;k[;ku ifjJe ls rS;kj fd;s tk;sa] V;qVksfj;y d{kkvkas

dh O;oLFkk dh tk; vkSj iqLrdky; esa v/;;u rFkk fyf[kr dk;Z ij
cy fn;k tk;sA

fdlh Hkh d{kk ds fy, ikB~;e fuf'pr u fd;k tk;sA

- 59 -

O;fDrxr ijh{kkvksa ds mij vf/kd fu;U=.k j[kk tk;sA

fofHkUu O;olk;ksa esa yxs gq;s O;fDr;ksa ds fy;s lk;adky ds le;

d{kkvksa dk izcU/k fd;k tk;sA

10 iqLrdky;ksa vkSj iz;ksx'kkykvksa dk iw.kZ :Ik ls lqlaxfBr fd;k tk;saA

11 fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa gkbZ Ldwy rFkk bUVj dkWystksa ds v/;kidksa ds fy;s
vfHkuou ikB~;e fjizspl dkslZ dh O;oLFkk dh tk;A
12 Lukrdkskj Lrj ij fopkj xksf"B;k dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk;A

ikB~;e %
Lukrd dh mikf/k izkIr djus dh vof/k 3 o"kZ gksuk pkfg;sA
lkekU; f'k{kk fl)kUrksa ds iz;ksx esa vkSj lkekU; f'k{kk rFkk fons'kh d`r
f'k{kk esa leUo; LFkkfir gksA

O;kolkf;d f'k{kk %
d`f"k f'k{kk dks izeq[k jk"Vh; leL;k ekudj d`f"k dkWystksa dks
lk/ku

lEiUu

cuk;k

tk;

vkSj

uohu

d`f"k&dkWystksa

dks

uohu

xzkeh.k&fo'ofo|ky;ksa ls lEc) fd;k tk;A okf.kT; ds Nk=ksa ds fy;s

O;kogkfjd f'k{kk dk izcU/k gks vkSj ,e0 dkWe esa iqLrdh; Kku dks de
fd;k tk;A izf'k{k.k laLFkkvksa esa lq/kkj gks] f'k{kk fl)kUr dk ikB~;e

- 60 -

yphyk gks vkSj Nk=k/;kidksa dks Nk=o`fRr;kWa fn;k tk;A bathfu;fjax vkSj
VSduksyksth dh laLFkkvksa dks jk"Vh; lEifRr le>uk] pkfg;sA bathfu;fjax ds
ikB~;e esa lq/kkj dj mPp f'k{kk ds fy;s Vsduksykth laLFkkvksa dks LFkkfir
fd;k tk;A dkuwu ds dkWystksa dk iquxZBu fd;k tk;A vkSj dkuwu ds Nk=ksa
dks vU; fMxzh dkslZ ysus dh vuqefr ugha fn;k tk;A esfMdy dkWystksa esa
100 ls vf/kd Nk= u gksa vkSj ns'kh fpfdRlk iz.kkfy;ksa esa vuqla/kku dh
lqfo/kk;sa iznku dh tk;A

/kkfeZd f'k{kk %
nSfud dk;Z vkjEHk djus ls iwoZ dqN feuV ekSu fpuru djuk]
/kkfeZd usrkvksa dh thofu;kWa i<+uk vkSj /keZ n'kZu dh izeq[k leL;kvksa dk
v/;kiu djuk Hkh t:jh gSA blls Nk=ksa esa uSfrdrk dk fodkl gksrk gSA ;s
/kkfeZd f'k{kk Nk=ksa dks pfj= fuekZ.k esa Hkh lgk;d gksrk gSA vr% /kkfeZd
f'k{kk dks ykxw fd;k tk;A

f'k{kk dk ek/;e%
mPp f'k{kk dk ek/;e Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk gksA Nk=ksa dh ekr`Hkk"kk]
izknsf'kd Hkk"kk vkSj vaxzsth dk Kku iw.kZ:is.k gks vkSj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa
oSKkfud 'kCnkdks"kksa dks rS;kj fd;k tk;A

- 61 -

ijh{kk;sa %
Nk=ksa dk izxfr ekiu ds fy, ifj{kkvksa }kjk ijh{k.k fd;k
tk;] oLrqfu"B izxfr] ijh{kkvksa dk dqy rS;kj fd;k tk; vkSj izFke] f}rh;
rFkk r`rh; Js.kh ds fy, e'k% 60] 55 vkSj 40 izfr'kr vadksa dk gksuk
t:jh gksA

Nk=] muds dk;Z rFkk mudk dY;k.k %

Nk=ksas ds izos'k esa HksnHkko u fd;k tk;] izFke fMxzh dkslZ ds
fy, fofHkUu ikB~;eksa dh O;oLFkk gks] vuqla/kku dk;Z ij /;ku dsUnzhr
fd;k tk;] Nk=ksa dk LokLF; ds fy, fpfdRlk dk gksuk t:jh gSA
,u0lh0lh0 dh LFkkiuk gks vkSj Nk= dY;k.k ijke'kZnk=h lfefr dk Hkh
laxBu LFkkfir fd;k tk;A

L=h f'k{kk %
fL=;ksa dks lqekrk vkSj lqx`fg.kh cukus dh f'k{kk fn;k tkuk
pkfg,A x`g vFkZ'kkL= vkSj x`g izca/k dh f'k{kk izkIr djus ds fy, izksRlkfgr
fd;k tk; vkSj L=h f'k{kk dh lqfo/kkvksa dk foLrkj gksA

- 62 -

xzkeh.k fo'ofo|ky; %
xzkeksa esa vkoklh; Lukrd dkWyst [kksyk tk; vkSj mlds dsUnz
esa ,d fo'ofo|ky; gksA dkWystksa dk izeq[k /;s; Nk=ksa dks lkekU; f'k{kk nsuk
gks vkSj Lukrd iwoZ rFkk LUkkrdksRrj ikB~;eksa esa dBksj foHkktu ugha gksA
bl izdkj MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ds vk;ksx dk fjiksVZ FkkA bl fjiksVZ
esa mUgksaus ekuo thou ds lHkh i{kksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k gS] tks vius vki esa
ljkguh; gSA
&&&&& %%%% &&&&&&

- 63 -

v/;k;

% iape

MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ds 'kSf{kd fopkjksa dh orZeku izklafxdrk

- 64 -

MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ds 'kSf{kd fopkjksa dh orZeku izklafxdrk

bl izdkj MkW0 loZiYyh jk/kkd`".ku ds O;fDrRo esa lkekU;
thou /kkjk ls vyx ,d nk'kZfud vkSj f'k{kk'kkL=h dk vuqei la;ksx ns[kus
dks feyrk gSA D;ksafd bUgksus fo'o dks ,d lk>snkjh ekuk gS vkSj ,d
eS=hiw.kZ czk.M ds :Ik esa ns[kk gSA ge ?k`.kk djus ds ctk; izse djus ds
fy, iSnk gq, gSA ge ,d nwljs ds lekIr ds ctk; ,d nwljs dh lgk;rk
ds fy, mRiUu gq;s gSaA ijUrq izpkj rFkk dgjokfnrk ds QyLo:Ik ge Lo;a
dks nwljksa dks loksZpp ekuus yxs gSA lkFk gh] ge mudks vius cjkcj dk
ugha ekurs gSA ekuo esa ;g Hkkouk izkd`frd vkosxksa ds dkj.k mRiUu ugha
gksrh] oju~ LoHkko ls ekuo ,d nwljs ls izse djrk gSA /kekZU/krk ds dkj.k
geus ekuo dks mldh lgk;rk] lgkuqHkwfr rFkk ekr`Ro dh LokHkkfod
Hkkoukvksa ls nwj dj fn;k gSA gekjk ;g ms'; gksuk pkfg, fd ge fdlh
rF; dks vfrjaftr :Ik esa rFkk mldks xyr <ax ls izLrqr ugha djsA oju~
gesa lR; dh vkokt dks lquuk rFkk vkRek dh iqdkj dk ikyu djuk
pkfg,A
bUgksus dgk gS fd ^^f'k{kk dks euq"; dk fuekZ.k djuk pkfg,A**
^^,tqds'ku 'kqM oh eSu&esfdax ,.M lkslk;Vh esfdax**A
ysfdu mUgksaus f'k{kk dks cgqr mPp le>k gS tcfd vktdy
,slh ckr ugha gSA vkt f'k{kk dk dksbZ fo'ks"k ms'; ugha jg x;k gS] ;g
ckydksa ds dsoy lkekU; thou ds fy, rS;kj djrh gSA bldk ms'; dsoy
- 65 -

muds lkekU; cqf) dks rhoz djuk gSA vc rks f'k{kk ek= thou dh rS;kjh
gh jg xbZ gSA
f'k{kk ds ms';ksa dk O;fDr ds thou vkSj lekt ds vkn'kksZ ls
?kfu"B laca/k gSA izR;sd O;fDr vkSj lekt ij og ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dh Nki
NksM+rh gSA nksuksa gh :Ik esa f'k{kk ds ms';ksa dk O;fDr ij vizR;{k izHkko
iM+rk gSA oks O;fDr dks ,d fo'ks"k lkaps esa <kyrs gS vkSj Lo;a lkekftd
vkn'kksZ ds }kjk <yk tkrs gSA
;qxksa ds vUr vkSj ifjorZu] lkezkT;ksa ds mRFkku vkSj ikyu]
vkrrkf;ksa ds vkxeu vkSj izLFkku ds ckotwn Hkh gekjs thou ds /kkfeZd vkSj
uSfrd izokg esa lgL=ksa o"kZ ckn Hkh dksbZ fo'ks"k f'kfFkyrk ugha vkbZ gSA
HkkSfrdokn dh vkSj rsth ls c<+rs gq, Hkh gekjs vius /kkfeZd fopkj] uSfrd
vkn'kZ] vk/;kfRed ewY; vkSj lkekftd ekU;rk,a gSA vr% gekjh f'k{kk
budh vksj ls viuk eqag eksM+dj gekjk Hkyk ugha dj ldrh gSA Hkyk ;g
rHkh dj ldrh gS] tc ;g /keZ vkSj uSfrdrk dks viuk vfHkUu vax cukosa]
rFkk fo|ky;ksa ds ikB~;eksa esa budks xkSjoiw.kZ in iznku djs vkSj lc fo"k;ksa
ds f'k{kdksa ls budk ;g lEca/k LFkkfir djsaA
brus ij Hkh] 'kk;n dqN nqjkxzgh vkSj gBoknh & /keZ&fujis{krk
dh vkM+ ysdj ;g >wBk nkok djus dh dksf'k'k djrs gS fd uSfrd f'k{kk Hkys
gh nh tk; ij /kkfeZd f'k{kk nsuk /keZ dh Lora=rk iznku djus okys Hkkjr ds
Hkky ij ,d dkyk /kCck gSsA bu O;fDr;ksa ds fy, gekjs ikl Jh vjfoUn
- 66 -

dk mRrj gS & pkgs /keZ dh fdlh :Ik esa Li"V f'k{kk nh tk; ;k ugha ij
bZ'oj ds fy,] ekuork ds fy;s] ns'k ds fy, rFkk nwljksa ds fy, & /keZ ds
bl lkj dks izR;sd fo|ky; dk vkn'kZ cukuk pkfg;sA
^^jk/kkd`".ku vk;ksx** us fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk ds lHkh vaxks dh
foLr`r leh{kk djds] muds lEcU/k esa vusd lq>ko fn;s gSa tks loZ Lohd`r
gSaA dqN fopkjdksa us ^^vk;ksx** ij nks"kkjksiu Hkh yxk;k gS fd mlus L=h
f'k{kk ds fo"k; esa mRre flQkfj'ksa ugha dh gS vkSj /kkfeZd f'k{kk dks
egRoiw.kZ LFkku ugha fn;k gSA ysfdu ge bl f'k{kk dks loZFkk fujk/kkj
le>rs gSa] D;ksafd Hkkjr dh orZeku ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks n`f"Vdks.k esa j[krs gq,]
^^vk;ksx** us L=h f'k{kk vkSj /kkfeZd f'k{kk ds fo"k; esa tks lq>ko fn;s gSa] os
iz;kZIr gSA gkW] bruk bruk vko'; gS fd ^^vk;ksx** yfyr dykvksa ds
lEcU/k esa fcYdqy ekSu gSA
vkt rd fo'ofo|ky; & f'k{kk dk ijh{k.k djus ds fy,
ftrus Hk vk;ksxksa vkSj lfefr;ksa dh fu;qfDr gqbZ gS] mu lcesa ^^fo'ofo|ky;
f'k{kk vk ;skx** dks loZJs"B LFkku iznku fd;k x;k gSA ;fn ^^vk;ksx** dh
lHkh flQkfj'kksa dks f;kfUor dj fn;k tk;] rks gekjs fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh
:ijs[kk iw.kZr;k ifjofrZr gks tk;sxh vkSj os okLro esa jk"V dh cgwewY; fuf/k
gks tk;sxhA
MkW0 jktsUnz izlkn us vk;ksx dh ljkguk djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd
^^vk;ksx** us gekjh fo'ofo|ky; f'k{kk dh izkfIr;ksa ij vR;Ur xaHkhjrkiwoZd
- 67 -

fopkj djds ,d vkUr

egRoiw.kZ izfrosnu izLrqr fd;k gS] vkSJ lk{; gh

vfr vewY; izLrko rFkk lq>ko Hkh fy;s gSaA**

mUgksaus fQj dgk fd ^^fo'ofo|ky; vk;ksx ds izfrosnu dk
egRo vf/kdka'k :i esa bl ckr esa gS

fd og bl ns'k dh orZeku

f'k{kk&iz.kkyh esa vk/kkj Hkwr ifjorZu dh vko';drk dk vuqHko djrk gS vkSj

bl vk/kkj ij mldh f'k{kk laca/kh leL;kvksa dh foospuk djrk gSA ;gh
dkj.k gS fd izfrosnu dks vusd kafrdkjh ifjorZuksa ds :i esa lq>ko nsus iM+s
gSA lkFk gh izfrosnu dk ,d xq.k ;g Hkh gS fd og vrhr ls iw.kZ lEcU/k
foPNsn ugha djuk pkgrk gS] vfirq mlesa izkI; loksZRre ckrksa dks lqjf{kr
j[kuk pkgrk gSaA
vk;skx ds lq>kkoksa ls izHkkfor gksdj ^^dsUnzh; f'k{kk lykgdkj
cksMZ** us viuh 22 o 23 viSzy] 1950 dh fo'ks"K cSBdksa esa muesa ls
vf/kdka'k lq>kko dks Lohdkj dj fy;kA ljdkj us Hkh mu lq>koksa dks lgt
:Ik ls ekU;rk iznku dj nh vkSj mUgsa f;kfUor djus dk fu'p; fd;kA
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ,d egku~ nk'kZfud vkSj f'k{kk'kkL=h ds :Ik esa
lekgr gSaA muds n'kZu ls izHkkfor mudh f'k{kk 'kkL=h ds :Ik esa ledkyhu
o vU; f'k{kk'kkfL=;ksa ls os fcYdqy vyx] u;s vkSj ekSfyd :Ik esa mHkjs gSaA
MkW0 ,l- jk/kkd`".ku ds fparu esa lR;a] f'koa vkSj lqUnje~ dh
idM+ cM+h O;kid Fkh vkSj blfy;s f'k{kk ds lEcU/k esa mudh dqN ,slh gh

- 68 -

ekU;rk cuh gSA os pkgrrs gSa fd cPpksa dk Kku ds uke ij ek= lwpuk;sa u
nh tk;sa cfYd thou ds lR; ,ao vPNkb;ksa dk O;ogkfjd Kku fn;k tk;sA
bl izdkj buds fopkjksa esa ekSfydrk nh[krh gSA
f'k{kk txr~ ds lkeus MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ds fopkj ehy&LrEHk dh
Hkkafr gSA f'k{kk esa dk;Zjr yksxksa] 'kSf{kd fopkjdksa]

f'k{kdksa vkfn ds fy;s

;g vPNk volj gS fd os buds 'kSf{kd fopkjksa dh xgjkbZ esa izos'k djsa vkSj
thou dks ewY; ls tksMu
+ s dh ckr lkeus yk;saA
;g lgh gS fd vxj MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ds 'kSf{kd fparu ij
vk/kkfjr u;s lekt dh dYiuk dks pfjrkFkZ fd;k tk ldsa rks lekt dk
dY;k.k gksxkA mudh ifjdYiuk dk lekt vkn'kZ gksxk] tgk loZtu fgrk;
loZ tulq[kk;% dh ?ofu xqatfjr gksxhA losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku% dk lkezkT;
LFkkfir gksxkA
bl izdkj Mk0 jk/kkd`".ku dh dk;Z 'kSyh lk/kq] 'kfDrerh] izlkn
iw.kZ ,oa lizek.k FkhA os lekt ds lHkh izkf.k;ksa dk ,d lEekuh; thou
pkgrs FksA
mudh R;kxiw.kZ thou] fu%LokFkZ lsok Hkkouk vkSj fof'k"V dk;ksaZ
ls vc egku iq= MkW0 ,l jk/kkd`".ku dk LFkku jk"Vh; vUrZjk"Vh; foHkwfr;ksa
esa fxuk tkus yxk gSA

- 69 -

c<+rh vk;q esa Hkh mudh d:.kk vkSj okRlY; dk lkxj

yck&yck Hkjk jgkA
16 vizSy] 1975 dks le; us viuh yach djoy Qsjh vkSj
djhc 87 o"kZ dk ;'kLoh thou thus ds ckn MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku us lnk ds
fy, gels fonk ys yhA

&&&&&&%%%%%%&&&&&&

- 70 -

Lkkjkak
izLrqr 'kks/k ds vk/kkj ij ge ;g dg ldrs gS fd fk{kk ds {ks= esa Mk0
loZiYyh jk/kkd`".ku dk LFkkuk lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA mUgksaus vius O;k[;ku
esa fk{kk laca/kh tks fopkj O;Dr fd;s gSa mUgsa vkt viuk, tkus dh t:jr
gS A vr% bl 'kks/k esa muds lq>ko vkSj laLrqfr;ksa dks le> dj orZeku
fk{kk i)fr esa mldh izklafxdrk dks fl) djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA
vkt Hkkjr esa fk{kk ,d ,slk egRoiw.kZ fo"k; gS ftldh leL;kvksa
ij nsk ds usrkvksa] Nk=ksa vkSj fk{kkfonksa }kjk xEHkhj fpUru ,oa fopkj foekZ
fd;k tk jgk gS ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ds cgqeqY; 'kkSf{kd fopkjksa
fd orZeku 'kkSf{kd O;oLFkk esa O;k[;k djus ,oa viuk;s tkus vko;drk gSA
muds lq>koksa ij vey djds gh ge Nk= ;g tku ik;sxsa fd fk{kk dsoy
mikf/k /kkj.k djus ds fy, ugha cfYd Lo;a dk uSfrd] ekufld vkSj
'kkfjfjd fodkl gsrq xzg.k dh tkuh pkfg,A
vr% bl uktqd nkSj esa gesa fk{kk ds lPps vFkksZ dks <wa<uk gksxk rHkh
euoh; eqY;ksa vkSj lekftd eqY;ksa dh j{kk dh tk ldrh gSA bl lanHkZ esa
MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku }kjk crk;s x;s fk{kk nkZu vkSj lq>ko dks vkRelkr dj gh
orZeku fk{kk i)fr ds ek/;e ls ekuo ds uSfrd vkSj ckSf)d iru dks
jksddj mldk lokZafxd fodkl fd;k tk ldrk gS A ,d lPps fk{kk 'kkL=h
- 71 -

ds :i esa mudh f'k{kk /kkjk O;ogkfjd ,oa vknkksZUeq[kh gSA fk{kk lEcU/kh
muds fopkj vkSj laLrqfr;k vkt Hkh ekSfyd vkSj O;ogkfjd gSa muesa lekt
vkSj nsk ifjoZru fd xgjh 'kfDr gS tks ledkfyu fk{kk O;oLFkk esa xgjk;h
ls izosk dj fk{kFkhZ ds thou dks lPps eqY;ksa ls tksM+us esa l{ke gS A
fu"d"kZr% fk{kk esa dk;Zjr yksxksa] 'kSf{kd fopkjdksa]

fk{kdksa] ,oa

fo|fFkZ;ksa dks MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku ds 'kSf{kd fopkjksa ij xgu fpUru dj mls

viukus ds t:jr gS A

&&&&&& %%%%% &&&&&&

- 72 -

ifjf'k"V

lanHkZ xzaFkksa ,oa i=

if=dkvksa dh vuqef.kdk

- 73 -

ifjf'k"V
ys[kd
lanHkZ xzaFk
1.

MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku

'kSf{kd izfrosnu

An Indealist view of life : Being the Bibbert Lectures for 1929.

G. Allen & Wnwin Lt. D., London (1932.)

2.

East and West in Religion : George Allin & Unulin Ltd. London
1933.

3.

Freedom and culture : University convocation and other Address.

G.A. Natesan & Co. Madras (1936)

4.

Contemproary Indian Philosophy: Edited jointly with professor

J.H. muirhead. Library of philosophy, G.A. & wnwin ltd. London
1936.

5.

The Heart of Hindustan : On Indian religious and philosophy,

G.A. Natesan & Co., Madras (1936).

6.

The Bhagavadgita : with an Introductory Essay, Sanskrit Test,

English translation and Nates, G.A. & Unwin Ltd., London
(1948).

7.

Report of the University Education commission, Vol, I New

Delhi, Govt. of India, Manager of publication, Delhi (1949).

- 74 -

8.

Occassional Speeches and Writings : First Series - 1956, second

Series 1957, Third Series 1963, Publication Division, Ministory
of Information & Breadcasting, Govt. of India, New Delhi.

9.

President RadhaKrishnan's speeches and writings (Two Vols.)

Vol-1, 1963, Vol, 11-1969, publications Division, Ministory of
Information & Broadcasting, Govt. of India, New Delhi.

10.

My search of truth : New man group of publishers New Delhi.

11.

The Spirit of Religion

B.K. Ahluwalia, Shashi

Ahluwalia, Pankaj Publications, First Edition Sept., 1980.

12.

Women in Rggeda

13.

Occassional Speeches and writings : Dr. S. Radha Krishnan, 1959

14-

f'k{kk ds lkekU; fl)kUr %

ikBd vkSj R;kxh

MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku

ijes'oj izlkn flag] f}rh;

B.S. Upadhyay, 3rd edition, 1974.

laLdj.k 1978
15-

f'k{kk ds nk'kZfud ,oa

MkW0 lhrkjke t;loky

lkekftd fl)kur

r`rh; laLdj.k] 1979-

- 75 -

16-

fo'o ds egku~ f'k{kk'kkL=h% t;jke o 'kD;

17-

Hkkjr ds vUrjkRek %

18- Xkqxy ,oa fofdfifM;k %

MkW0 jk/kkd`".ku
baVjusV

&&&&&&&&&& %%%%%%%% &&&&&&&&&&&&

- 76 -