Chapter 10 - Moments of Inertia of Areas Consider the beam shown below

dA

Neutral Axis Pure Bending dF = k y dA

Internal forces are distributed forces whose magnitudes vary linearly with the distance y from an axis passing through the centroid of the section. Total resultant:

R = kydA = k ydA
1st moment, Qx The moment:
dM = ydF = ky 2 dA M = ky 2 dA = k y 2 dA

2nd moment, Qxx Moment of inertia Moment of inertia of an area by integration y y

dy x

y dx dA = ydx x

dA = (a - x)dy Rectangular moments of inertia

I x = y 2 dA I y = x 2 dA

Polar moment of inertia

J o = r 2 dA

J o = r 2 dA = ( x 2 + y 2 ) dA = y 2 dA + x 2 dA
Jo = Ix + I y

Radius of gyration of an area

y A x

Has moment of inertia

Concentrate this area in a thin strip

y A kx x

If a strip is to have same moment of inertia, the strip should be placed as shown. By def: I x = k x A
2

Thus:
kx = Ix A
2

Iy = ky A

ky =

Iy A

J o = ko A

ko =

Jo A

or

ko = k x + k y

Radius of gyration - the distance, from an axis that passes through the CG, at which all the area or mass of an object could be concentrated without changing its moment of inertia.

Parallel- Axis Theorem Consider:

dA B y A y' C d B' centroidal axis A'

Moment of inertia with respect to AA' I = y 2 dA

y = y + d

I = ( y + d ) 2 dA I = y 2 dA + 2d y dA + d 2 dA
MOI, I wrt centroidal axis 1ST moment wrt BB' = 0 centroid, C, is located on BB' total area

I = I + Ad 2

Parallel axis theorem

The moment of inertia of an area wrt to any given axis AA' is equal to the MOI I of the area with respect to the centroidal axis plus Ad 2 . Product of area, A, and the square of the distance d between the 2 axes.
J o = J c + Ad 2

The parallel axis theorem can be applied only if one of the two parallel axes passes through the centroid of the area.

Example 1). Given: y

x x2 y = 4 h a a2

h x a Find: Moment of inertia of shaded area with respect to the y-axis. y a x y dx dA = y dx

a x x2 I y = x 2 dA = x 2 4h a a2 0 1 I y = ha 3 5 3 a x x4 dx = 4 h 2 0 a a

h x

x4 x5 dx = 4 h 4 a 5a 2

a a3 a3 = 4 h 4 5 0