By Jonathan Guild

Cities and Megacities have had an increase in

population, industrial production, and CO2 emissions Primary greenhouse gas, used in carbon cycle; putting out more than nature can remove Hypothesis: How does ozone differ from in populated cities compared to rural areas? Does the increase in awareness in cities have a larger impact than towns that are more rural? What are the trends between these two regions?

 Locations: Rural was taken at Tennessee in Giles

County, and Urban was taken at NY, Atlanta, & LA Also Urban, Suburban, and Rural sites were taken in TN: At COVE, LBL, GILES, MAMMOTH, DICKSON, DOWNTOWN, and YOUTH Measured from enhanced ground-based air monitoring stations: samples include O3, SO2, and CO using OD Teflon tube to an inlet to an output. Two models used a multivariate linear regression and O3/Noy ratios.

 Larger cities had higher concentrations of O3 than

rural areas. Factors include: weather, lack of trees, increase in vehicles, excess of O3 production Increase in temperature showed an increase in Ozone Rural areas have three main sources of reactive Nitrogen: industry, vehicles, and soils. Much more for Cities Bad ozone days resulted from weather patterns that cook and recook the same air mass.

 Significant difference on Ozone production between

rural and urban! (highest rural levels were maxed at 90 ppbV) Sometimes even double Ozone production in larger cities are closer to the chemistry regime, saying that they are sensitive to both Nox and VOC concentrations, while rural are Nox sensitive oxidant formation. Larger cities have a lack of vegetation, increasing O3 Side note: Farms around cities have a reduced wheat and potato yield of about 30% due to these increases.

 There is a significant difference in Ozone production

between rural and large cities As temperature rises, chemical processes speed up, increasing the amount of O3. Lack of vegetation, recooking of air masses, and vehicles (or VOC) contribute to the rise of O3 Does not attribute to just eastern states, but to the mid-west and other countries [see Ahmad S. Spatial and temporal analysis of ground level ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration across the twin cities of Pakistan]