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Phan Ung Cua Muoi Axit
Phan Ung Cua Muoi Axit
phn ng ca mui axit vi cc hp cht khc Thng thng khi gp phi cc bi ton ha c cp ti mui axit v cc phn ng ca n, hc sinh thng rt lng tng trong vic vit phng trnh tuy nhin nhng dng ton loi ny i khi u c qui tc chung ca n. vit c phng trnh loi ny cn da theo cc qui lut sau: 1)Mui axit ca axit mnh tc dng vi mui trung ho, phn ng phi c sn phm axit yu hn ( c th phn hu thnh kh ) hoc kt ta: 2NaHSO4+ Na2CO3---> 2Na2SO4 + CO2+ H2O 2KHSO4 + BaCl2 ---> BaSO4 + K2SO4+ 2HCl 2) Mui axit ca axit mnh tc dng vi mui axit ca axit yu, phn ng to kh : NaHSO4+ NaHCO3 ---> Na2SO4+ CO2+ H2O 3) Mui axit ca axit yu tc dng vi mui trung ho, phi m bo iu kin phn ng trao i : Ba(HCO3)2 + Na2SO4 ----> BaSO4 + 2 NaHCO3 2 NaHCO3 + MgCl2 ---> MgCO3 + 2NaCl + CO2+ H2O (Mg 2+ b thu phn kh mnh trong dd, MgCO3 ch c th kt ta t dd c d CO2 tan hay t dd NaHCO3 ) 4) Mui axit tc dng vi dd Kim, phn ng to mui trung ho v H 2O: NaHCO3 + NaOH ---> Trng hp c bit : 2NH4 HCO3 +2NaOH ---> (NH4)2 CO3 + Na2 CO3 + H2O 2NaOH d + (NH4)2 CO3 ---> 2NH3 + Na 2CO3 + 2H 2O Tm li nu NaOH d th: 2NaOH + NH4 HCO3 ---> NH3 + Na 2CO3 + H2O 5) Mui axit ca axit yu tc dng vi axit mnh hn, phn ng to mui mi v axit mi yu hn: NaHCO3+ HCl ---> CO2+ H2O + NaCl Khi vit cc loi phng trnh loi ny nn da theo bn cht phn li ca mui trong dung dch m ty theo tng trng hp bit c sn phm to thnh
a\ Mui amni:
NH4HCO3 + NaCl bh ---> NaHCO3 + NH4Cl 2NaNO3 + (NH4)2SO4 3CuO + 2NH4Cl Na2SO4 + 2N2O + 4 H2O 3Cu + N2 + 2HCl + 3H2O
2NH4NO3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 + 2HNO3 (NH2)CO + H2O ----------> (NH4)2CO3 ( ur ) 4CuO + 2NH4Cl ----------> 3Cu + CuCl2 + N2 + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 8HCl = FeCl2 + 2Fecl3 + 8NH3 + 4H2O NH4OH + H2CO3 = NH4HCO3 + H2O NH3 + CO2 d + H2O = NH4HCO3 2 NH3 + CO2 d + H2O = (NH4)2CO3 NH4HCO3 + Ba(OH)2 = BaCO3 + 2H 2O + NH3 Dung dch phn ca mui amoni: (NH4)2SO4 . Al2(SO4)3 + 8NaOH = 2Al(OH)3 + 4 Na2SO4 + 2NH3 + H2O
(NH4)2SO4 . Al2(SO4)3 + BaCl2 = 4 BaSO4 + 2NH4Cl + 2AlCl3 ( AlNH4(SO4)2 thy phn cho mi trng axit) 6NH3 + 6H2O + Al2(SO4)3 = 2 Al(OH)3 + 3(NH4)2SO4 3Zn + 5KOH + KNO2 = 3K2ZnO2 + NH3 + H2O
b\ Mui hidrcabonat
Na2CO3 + Ba(HCO3)2 = BaCO3 + 2NaHCO3 Na2SO4 + Ba(HCO3)2 = BaSO4 + 2NaHCO3 Ca3(PO4)2 + 4H3PO4 = 3Ca(H2PO4)2 Ca(H2PO4)2 + H2SO4 = CaSO4 + 2 H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + H2SO4 c = 2 CaSO4 + Ca(H2PO4)2 Ca(HCO3)2 + 2 NaOH = BaCO3 + Na 2CO3 + 2H 2O Ca(HCO3)2 + Ba(OH)2 = BaCO3 + Ca CO3 + 2H 2O Ba(HCO3)2 + Na2SO4 = BaSO4 + 2 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + Ba(HCO3)2 = BaCO3 + 2 NaHCO3 Ba(HCO3)2 + 2 NaHSO4 = BaSO4 + Na2SO4 + 2CO2+ H2O Mg(HCO3)2 + 2 NaHSO4 = BaSO4 + MgSO4 + 2CO2+ H2O Na2SO3 + Ba(HCO3)2 = BaSO3 + 2 NaHCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 + NaOH = CaCO3 + 2 NaHCO3 4KHCO3 + 2Cu SO4 = Cu(OH)2.CuCO3 + 2K2SO4 + 3 CO2+ H2O 6 KHCO3 + Al2(SO4)3 = 2Al(OH)3 + 3K2SO4 + 6 CO2 2 KHCO3 + 2NH3 = (NH4)2CO3 + K2SO3
( 200 C) 2 NH3 + CO2 + H2O NH3 + CO2 + H2O (200 C) N2O + 2H2O (400 C) N2 + O2 + 2H2O NH3 + NH4HSO4 NH3 + N2 + 3SO2 + 6 H2O Cr2O3 + N2 + 4H2O N2 + H2O