Mn hc: Qun l Chui Cung ng

Ging vin ph trch: Ths. nh Nam

Chng 5:

O LNG HIU QU HOT NG CHUI CUNG NG

1. M hnh tng quan th trng - chui cung ng
2. o lng hiu qu th trng 3. Khung o lng hiu qu 4. Cc hot ng thc hin hiu qu chui cung ng 5. Thu thp v trnh by d liu trong hot ng cung ng

Th trng lun thay i

M hnh tng quan th trng chui cung ng

Mt chui cung ng tn ti nhm p ng th trng m n phc v. xc nh kt qu ca chui cung ng, cng ty cn nh gi th trng m chui ang phc v bng mt m hnh n gin. Chng ta bt u xc nh th trng thng qua 2 yu t c bn l cung v cu. Xc nh 4 loi th trng

Th trng mc tiu:

I DNG

Th trng mc tiu: I DNG XANH

Th trng ang pht trin

cung v cu u thp, d thay i. y thng l th trng mi v s xut hin trong tng lai. Th trng ny hnh thnh do xu hng kinh t x hi hay cng ngh tin tin to ra nhu cu mi t mt nhm khch hng v pht trin ln dn. Trong th trng ny, cc thnh phn tham gia chui cung ng kt hp li thu thp thng tin xc nh nhu cu th trng. th trng ny chi ph bn hng cao v lng tn kho thp

Th trng tng trng

lng cu cao hn lng cung nn lng cung thng hay thay i. Nu th trng thay i, tng t ngt thi gian ngn th nhu cu tng cao v v cung khng th p ng c. cung cp mc phc v khch hng cao thng qua t l hon thnh n hng v giao hng ng hn. Khch hng mun ngun cung ng ng tin cy v s tr thm chi ph cho s tin cy ny. chi ph bn hng thp v tn kho c th cao.

Th trng n nh
lng cung v cu u cao, c th d on c. c s cn bng kh tt gia lng cung v cu. Cc cng ty nn tp trung vo cc tiu ho hng tn kho v chi ph bn hng m vn duy tr mc phc v khch hng cao.

Th trng trng thnh

cung > cu v c s d tha sn phm. Nhu cu tm n nh hoc gim chm nhng do cnh tranh quyt lit nn cu c th thay i. Mc linh hot trong th trng c nh gi qua kh nng p ng nhanh vi nhng thay i v nhu cu sn phm m vn duy tr mc phc v khch hng cao. Khch hng trong th trng ny thch s thun tin ca ca hng c th mua loi hng ho vi mc gi thp. tn kho s l cc tiu v chi ph bn hng c phn cao hn chi ph thu ht khch hng trong mt th trng cnh tranh.

o lng hiu qu th trng

Mi loi th trng em li nhiu c hi ring bit cho chui cung ng. pht trin n nh, cc cng ty cn nm bt c hi sn c khc nhau trong th trng. Cng ty s t li nhun cao nht khi nm bt thnh cng c hi th trng. Ngc li, cng ty s tht li khi khng p ng cc c hi

s dng 4 loi s o:
Mc phc v khch hng Hiu qu ni b Nhu cu linh hot Pht trin sn phm

Mc phc v khch hng

o lng kh nng chui cung ng p ng nhng mong i ca khch hng. Da vo loi th trng cng ty ang phc v, khch hng c nhng mong i khc nhau i vi dch v cung ng. Khch hng trong mt s th trng i hi v chi tr cho vic giao hng nhanh vi lng mua nh cng nh mc sn c v sn phm cao. Khch hng trong cc th trng khc s chp nhn ch lu hn mua sn phm v s mua vi s lng ln. Bt k th trng no ang c phc v, chui cung ng phi p ng cc mong i ca khch hng trong th trng

Hiu qu ni b
lin quan n kh nng hot ng ca chui cung ng to ra mc li nhun thch hp. iu kin th trng khc nhau, dch v khch hng v mc li nhun s khc nhau trong tng loi th trng. Trong th trng pht trin c nhiu ri ro, li nhun bin t (l t s li nhun trn doanh thu) cn phi cao chng minh cho vic u t thi gian v tin bc. Trong th trng trng thnh c thay i hay ri ro th li nhun bin t s thp hn. Nhng th trng ny em li c hi kinh doanh cao v to nn li nhun nhiu hn.

Nhu cu linh hot

o lng kh nng p ng nhanh s thay i v nhu cu sn phm. Cng ty hay chui cung ng c th x l nhanh mc gia tng hn v nhu cu hin ti. Nhu cu linh hot thng c yu cu nhiu trong th trng tng trng.

Pht trin sn phm

kh nng ca cng ty v chui cung ng tip tc pht trin cng vi th trng. N o lng kh nng pht trin v phn phi sn phm mi mt cch hp l. Kh nng ny rt cn thit phc v cho th trng ang pht trin.

Khung o lng hiu qu

H thng o lng dch v khch hng

BTS (Build to Stock) v BTO (Build to Order) Tham kho ph lc 116-117

Figure 7.2

Build-to-Order Cars over the Internet

Lamborghini LP670-4 SV Mnh m-Thi trang-Quyn r

Nhiu khch sp Trung ng t nhng gam mu c nh xanh, hng. Gi xe mi ti M vo khong 450.000 USD. Ch c 350 chic c sn xut. y l chic th 46 c mt u tin ti VN

H thng o lng hiu qu ni b

thc o hiu qu ni b ph bin l: Gi tr tn kho Vng quay tn kho T sut li nhun trn doanh thu Vng quay tin mt

Gi tr hng tn kho
cn i lng hng tn sn c (mc cung) vi vic bn hng (mc cu) v khng c hng tn kho vt qu Trong th trng tng trng, cng ty s hng tn kho cao hn mc bn ra v gi tr hng tn kho s tng. th trng pht trin v trng thnh th tt nht trnh tn kho d tha

Vng quay tn kho

o lng ch li hng tn kho bng cch theo di tc hng bn ra trong thi gian mt nm. T l vng quay tn kho cng cao th cng tt mc d vng quay thp hn th p ng c yu cu dch v khch hng v nhu cu linh hot hn.

T sut li nhun trn doanh thu ROS (Rerurn on Sales)

ROS o lng vic qun l chi ph c nh, chi ph bin i v li nhun rng theo mc doanh thu

Ch s ROS cng cao th cng tt. Cng ty c th gim ch s ny thng qua vic gim s n hng tranh ginh hay cng c th phn hoc phi gnh chu chi ph cn thit t c nhng mc tiu kinh doanh khc

Vng quay tin mt

thi gian t khi mt cng ty chi tr tin nguyn vt liu cho nh cung cp cho n khi cng ty nhn tin t khch hng ca mnh. Thi gian ny c th c c tnh theo cng thc sau:

H thng o lng nhu cu linh hot

Nhu cu linh hot m t kh nng cng ty p ng yu cu mi v s lng, chng loi sn phm vi kh nng thc hin nhanh chng. Mt cng ty hay chui cung ng cn c kh nng trong lnh vc ny phn ng vi tnh d thay i ca th trng. Mt s thc o v nhu cu linh hot: Thi gian chu k hot ng Mc gia tng tnh linh hot Mc linh hot bn ngoi

H thng o lng pht trin sn phm

% tng sn phm bn ra c gii thiu trc % tng doanh s sn phm bn ra c gii thiu trc Tng thi gian pht trin v phn phi sn phm mi

Thu thp v trnh by d liu trong hot ng cung ng

Cp chin lc: gip qun l cp cao quyt nh lm g? Cp chin thut: gip qun l cp trung quyt nh lm nh th no? Cp thc hin: gip nhn vin lm vic thc t hn

Th trng di chuyn t loi ny sang loi khc

MATURE

Th trng X

STEADY

C U N G
DEVELOPING

GROWTH

CU

Chia s d liu dc theo chui cung ng

Cc cng ty m c th lm vic vi nhau to ra cc chui cung ng hiu qu th s l nhng cng ty lm vic tt nht trong di hn. Cc cng ty c th quyt nh cch chia s d liu mt cch hiu qu th s l nhng cng ty to ra cc chui cung ng c kh nng cnh tranh nht

Chng 6: XY DNG H THNG CHUI

CUNG NG

T chc d n pht trin h thng: Quy trnh 6 nguyn tc

Mi d n cn c mt ngi lnh o nh qun l d n ton thi gian, chu trch nhim chung ton d n. Nn xc nh mc tiu c th lng ha v khng chng cho ln nhau. iu ny cn thit c th hon thnh mc ch hay s mng ca d n. Giao cc mc tiu ca d n cho cc nhm t 2-7 ngi trong c trng nhm c k nng v k thut cn thit.

 Thng tin cho cc nhm bit phi lm g, khng phi l lm nh th no. Phn chia cng vic ca d n thnh nhng cng tc trong mi tun hoc t hn. Xc nh nhng gi tr kinh doanh t c mi 30 n 90 ngy lm vic. Mi d n cn c mt i ng nhn vin vn phng lm vic vi nh qun l v trng nhm d n cp nht thng tin v k hoch, ngn sch hot ng

 Nu p dng 6, tng t l thnh cng Nu 1 nguyn tc b qun, c phng n d phng gim ri ro Nu c 2 nguyn tc vi phm, c th tht bi?

Thit k h thng chui cung ng

Mc tiu: to ra thit k h thng c bntiu chun h thng chi tit 2 vic chnh:
XD quy trnh chi tit cho h thng m XD v th nghim h thng mu

Quy trnh thit k h thng

T ng ha cng vic rp khun Tng giao quyn gii quyt vn v quyt nh

Xy dng k hoch d n chi tit

Tun th 6 nguyn tc

Xy dng ngn sch d n chi tit

Nhm xc nh chi ph lao ng, cng c

Quyt nh thc hin/ khng thc hin d n

Sau khi r sot thit k, k hoch, ngn sch 75% trng hp tht bi do sai lm c bn t thit k h thng v XD k hoch

Qu trnh xy dng
Hy kin tr vi mc tiu v chng li nhng xu hng lm thay i n Tt c cc thnh vin c tp hp vo cc nhm d nchi ph do cc li v sai st ban u xut hin v tng ln rt nhanh

Vn phng d n

Kim tra v a h thng vo s dng

khi tt c cc thnh phn ca h thng u c a vo s dng k tip l test beta cho h thng vi mt nhm ngi dng th nghim Khi h thng ny bt u c a vo s dng trong mt h thng ln, phi tn mt khong thi gian t 6 thng n 1 nm.