WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance

Product name WCDMA RNP Product version V100R001
Confidentiality level For internal use only Total 31pages
WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance

For internal use only
Prepared by Reviewed by Reviewed by Granted by
URNP-SANA
Date Date Date Date
2003-04-24
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All rights reserved
WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only
Revision record
Date 2003-04-24 2004-07-19 Revision version 1.00 2.00 Revision Description Initial transmittal Change the version, no content updated. Author Chen Qi Qinyan
10-4-30
All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
1 Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Objective ............................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Planning Principles................................................................................................................................ 8 1.3 Planning Method ................................................................................................................................... 9 2 Preparations for Applying Cell PSC Planner Tool................................................................................... 10 2.1 Checking PLMN Network Setup ........................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Checking BS Setup and Cell Distribution on Map.............................................................................. 12 2.3 Checking whether 3g Carrier is Set up and Added to Cell.................................................................. 13 2.4 Checking Cell Coverage Predictor ...................................................................................................... 14 3 Operation Process of Cell PSC Planner Tools ......................................................................................... 14 3.1 Setting Cell Range for Planning .......................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Automatic Planning of Intra-carrier Neighboring Cells ...................................................................... 15 3.3 Setting Schemas of Scrambling Code Group and Scrambling Code................................................... 17 3.4 Run the UMTS Scrambling Code Planner Tool .................................................................................. 17 3.4.1 Step 1 .................................................................................................................................... 18 3.4.2 Step 2 .................................................................................................................................... 18 3.4.3 Step 3 .................................................................................................................................... 20 3.4.4 Step 4 .................................................................................................................................... 21 4 Analysis on Cell PSC Planning ................................................................................................................ 24 4.1 Analysis on Scrambling Code Planning Report Generated Automatically ......................................... 24 4.1.1 Setting of Relevant Parameters......................................................................................... 24 4.1.2 Adjustment Method.............................................................................................................. 25 4.1.3 Example of Code Resource Reuse................................................................................... 26 4.2 Analysis on Manual Configuration of Cell PSCs ................................................................................ 28 4.2.1 Determining the Code Resource to be Used................................................................... 28 4.2.2 Planning Method .................................................................................................................. 29 4.3 Minimum Reuse Distance and Scrambling Code Resource Reservation ............................................ 30
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List of Tables
Table 1 Table 2 Primary Scrambling Code............................................................................................................. 7 The Parameters in scrambling code planner................................................................................. 24
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 PLMN ....................................................................................................................................... 11 NodeBs&Cells ........................................................................................................................... 13 Carriers .................................................................................................................................... 14 Coverage Predictor .................................................................................................................... 14 Filters ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Neighbour Planner..................................................................................................................... 16 Code Schemas ......................................................................................................................... 17 Scrambling code planner ............................................................................................................ 18 Scrambling code planner: step1 .................................................................................................. 18 Scrambling code planner: step2 .................................................................................................. 19 Scrambling Code planner: step3 ................................................................................................. 20 Scrambling code planner: step4 .................................................................................................. 22 For example: NanJing Coverage ................................................................................................. 27 For example: NanJing PSC Planning (CodeGroup.Code) .............................................................. 28 Manual PSC Planning ................................................................................................................ 29 Minimize Reuse Distance ........................................................................................................... 30
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guideline

Key word: Spread code, scrambling code, cell primary scrambling code Abstracts: This document presents the allocation principles for cell primary scrambling code in the WCDMA network, and introduces the method for the tool of automatic allocation scrambling codes. List of abbreviations: Omitted.
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1 Overview
1.1 Objective
This document is to be a guide of RNP engineers for the radio network planning work. The purpose of this document is to present how to plan the cell primary scrambling codes (PSC), by means of automatic planning with the network planner tool or manually planning. The uplink scrambling codes range from 0 to 2 24 -1. The RNC selects and assigns them randomly, so that the users can be identified in uplink easily without planning. In the realization, different SPU sub-systems of different BM frames in a single RNC on the RAN side segment the uplink scrambling codes. When accessing the system from the subscriber queries according to the SpuCpuId the uplink scrambling code segment numbers that this SPU can assign. Then the segment number will be used to generate uplink scrambling codes within the corresponding range randomly, The downlink scrambling codes, referring to long scrambling codes only, range from 0 to 2 18 -1. However, in order to speed up the cell searching procedure, only 8192 codes can be used. These 8192 codes are divided into 512 groups, each of which contains 16 scrambling codes. The first scrambling code of each group is called primary scrambling code (PSC), and the other 15 ones are secondary scrambling codes (SSC). So there are 512 PSCs in all, as shown in the following table. The 512 PSCs are also divided into 64 groups, each of which contains 8 PSCs. Network planning is required for the downlink to identify the cells, so as to ensure any two intra-frequency cells interfering to each other do not have identical PSCs. In downlink, the user is identified with the channel codes. Each scrambling code corresponds to one channel code tree. Every user can use the cell PSC for scrambling. If the number of users in this cell exceeds a certain value, SSC must be used for scrambling. Besides SCH, PCCPCH/PCPICH/PICH/AICH/SCCPCH in the downlink uses the downlink PSC or SSC for scrambling, and will repeat in every frame, so that the UE can find the proper scrambling code. For the scrambling code analysis, refer to Reference [1]. Table 1 Primary Scrambling Code
Primary scrambling code/scrambling group
PSC_1 0 PSC_2 16 PSC_3 32 PSC_4 48 PSC_5 64 PSC_6 80 PSC_7 96 224 352 480 608 736 864 992 1120 1248 1376 1504 1632 1760 1888 2016 208 336 464 592 720 848 976 1104 1232 1360 1488 1616 1744 1872 2000 192 320 448 576 704 832 960 1088 1216 1344 1472 1600 1728 1856 1984 176 304 432 560 688 816 944 1072 1200 1328 1456 1584 1712 1840 1968 160 288 416 544 672 800 928 1056 1184 1312 1440 1568 1696 1824 1952 144 272 400 528 656 784 912 1040 1168 1296 1424 1552 1680 1808 1936 128 256 384 512 640 768 896 1024 1152 1280 1408 1536 1664 1792 1920
10
11
12
13
14
15
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PSC_8 112 240 368 496 624 752 880 1008 1136 1264 1392 1520 1648 1776 1904 2032
16 2048 2064 2080 2096 2112 2128 2144 2160
17 2176 2192 2208 2224 2240 2256 2272 2288
18 2304 2320 2336 2352 2368 2384 2400 2416
19 2432 2448 2464 2480 2496 2512 2528 2544
20 2560 2576 2592 2608 2624 2640 2656 2672
21 2688 2704 2720 2736 2752 2768 2784 2800
22 2816 2832 2848 2864 2880 2896 2912 2928
23 2944 2960 2976 2992 3008 3024 3040 3056
24 3072 3088 3104 3120 3136 3152 3168 3184
25 3200 3216 3232 3248 3264 3280 3296 3312
26 3328 3344 3360 3376 3392 3408 3424 3440
27 3456 3472 3488 3504 3520 3536 3552 3568
28 3584 3600 3616 3632 3648 3664 3680 3696
29 3712 3728 3744 3760 3776 3792 3808 3824
30 3840 3856 3872 3888 3904 3920 3936 3952
31 3968 3984 4000 4016 4032 4048 4064 4080
32 4096 4112 4128 4144 4160 4176 4192 4208
33 4224 4240 4256 4272 4288 4304 4320 4336
34 4352 4368 4384 4400 4416 4432 4448 4464
35 4480 4496 4512 4528 4544 4560 4576 4592
36 4608 4624 4640 4656 4672 4688 4704 4720
37 4736 4752 4768 4784 4800 4816 4832 4848
38 4864 4880 4896 4912 4928 4944 4960 4976
39 4992 5008 5024 5040 5056 5072 5088 5104
40 5120 5136 5152 5168 5184 5200 5216 5232
41 5248 5264 5280 5296 5312 5328 5344 5360
42 5376 5392 5408 5424 5440 5456 5472 5488
43 5504 5520 5536 5552 5568 5584 5600 5616
44 5632 5648 5664 5680 5696 5712 5728 5744
45 5760 5776 5792 5808 5824 5840 5856 5872
46 5888 5904 5920 5936 5952 5968 5984 6000
47 6016 6032 6048 6064 6080 6096 6112 6128
48 6144 6160 6176 6192 6208 6224 6240 6256
49 6272 6288 6304 6320 6336 6352 6368 6384
50 6400 6416 6432 6448 6464 6480 6496 6512
51 6528 6544 6560 6576 6592 6608 6624 6640
52 6656 6672 6688 6704 6720 6736 6752 6768
53 6784 6800 6816 6832 6848 6864 6880 6896
54 6912 6928 6944 6960 6976 6992 7008 7024
55 7040 7056 7072 7088 7104 7120 7136 7152
56 7168 7184 7200 7216 7232 7248 7264 7280
57 7296 7312 7328 7344 7360 7376 7392 7408
58 7424 7440 7456 7472 7488 7504 7520 7536
59 7552 7568 7584 7600 7616 7632 7648 7664
60 7680 7696 7712 7728 7744 7760 7776 7792
61 7808 7824 7840 7856 7872 7888 7904 7920
62 7936 7952 7968 7984 8000 8016 8032 8048
63 8064 8080 8096 8112 8128 8144 8160 8176
1.2 Planning Principles

The allocation of downlink PSCs dose not affect the simulation of network planning. But there are only 512 downlink PSCs for identifying intra-frequency cells, which are limited. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the allocation of the downlink PSCs in the cell planning procedure, as well as the factors of capacity expansion and coverage of the network in the future. Based on this, all downlink PSCs will not be used in the initial stage of network planning, with some reserved for future use. So we need to plan the downlink PSCs properly, and increase the utilization of the code resource by means of code reuse. In the cell PSC planning, we must conform to this principle: The intra-frequency cell interfering to the primary cell cannot use the same cell PSCs as the primary cell. These cells interfering to the primary cell are adjacent cells of the primary cell. Any cell may be a primary cell with adjacent cells. Besides, neighboring cells exist in the adjacent cells of the primary cell. The cell border is determined according to UE Rx level. In terms of primary cell, it can receive pilot
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only signals from other intra-frequency cells at the border of the cell. These pilot signals may be stronger or weaker than that of UE access level. If the pilot signal at the border of the primary cell is stronger than that of other cells, this cell is (or probably is) the neighboring cell of the primary cell. And there is a soft handover area between two neighboring cells, which size is determined by handover margin. For the pilot signals from other non-neighboring cells in the adjacent cells received on the border of the primary cell, their strength is weaker than the access level of the UE though, they generates interference to the receiver of the UE. So these cells cannot adopt the same PSCs as the primary cell. On the other hand, the cells without interference to the primary cell are regarded as non neighboring cells, which can use the same PSCs as this primary cell.
1.3 Planning Method

The allocation of cell PSCs, a complicated procedure, can be performed with the planning tool. This allocation procedure is quite similar to the frequency planning in GSM. But the difference is, the cell PSC planning in WCDMA is not a key performance index (Refer to Section 4.5.2.4 of Reference [5]). The allocation of cell PSCs cannot guarantee a fast scrambling code identification process of the UE, which is specified by the supplier. That is, no matter the PSCs of the primary cell and those of the neighboring cell are allocated to the same scrambling code group or not, the cell searching procedure of the UE will not be speeded up. This is related to the realization of the UE. The UE should be able to find any PSC that is allocated by the network side among the 512 PSCs. So the cell PSCs can be planned in one of the following two methods: group. Primary cell uses different PSCs from the neighboring cells, with the PSCs of the primary cell and those of the neighboring cells belonging to different scrambling code groups. Comparing these two methods, the former one requires less scrambling code groups, and the PSCs in the scrambling code group can be allocated continuously, which is convenient for reservation and manually planning, and it can also be applied for the automatic scrambling code planner tool. It may probably simplify the cell searching procedure of the UE (related to the scrambling code dependency matching strategy of the UE). So this method is recommended. Please note that we only provide the planning ideas here. We do not strictly require that all the cells use the eight scrambling codes of one scrambling group only. Actually, it is impossible to 100% ensure the PSCs of all cells allocated in the same scrambling code group. From the automatic planner tool, we can see that when the code resource is restricted, the third step, Primary cell uses different PSCs from the neighboring cells, with the PSCs of the primary cell and those of the neighboring cells belonging to the same scrambling code
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Setting of the Minimize item in Filter, will determine whether to add the number of scrambling code groups or adding the number of scrambling codes in the scrambling code group, depending on whether the cell PSCs are allocated continuously. In the following chapters, you can learn the operation methods for Enterprise 4.0, the network planner tool provided by AIRCOM, for performing the cell PSC planning automatically, as well as the analysis on the planning result, the judging criteria and adjusting methods. Moreover, the operation methods for manual planning of cell PSCs are provided. The parameter description of each schematic diagram is only for the parameters involved in the scrambling code planning only. Refer to Reference [3] for the setting of all the parameters.
2 Preparations for Applying Cell PSC Planner Tool

Before using the scrambling code planner tool for scrambling code planning, please check the following items:
2.1 Checking PLMN Network Setup

Select the 3g->Database->Site menu as shown in the following window, and then check whether a PLMN network exists, and whether BSs and cells have been set up in this network. For the method for importing NodeB, refer to Reference [2].
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Figure 1 Description of the relevant parameters: to 7.
PLMN
In the UMTS Parameters frame in the Tab (Cell Params) window: Scrambling Code [07]: This specifies the PSCs used by the cell, ranging from 0
Scrambling Code Group [063]: This specifies the scrambling code group of the PSCs used by this cell, ranging from 0 to 63.
Note: If the PSCs of a cell do not need automatic planning, it can be designated directly in this frame. Scrambling Code Planning Parameters frame: # of Code Groups in Neighbour Cells: It specifies the total number of the scrambling code groups that this cell and its neighboring cells can use. It is a target value for reference in the automatic planning. If it is set to 0, the item of #Code Group in the
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only cell PSC planning report automatically generated will be shown as N/A, indicating Not Available, that means no constraint condition. It specifies the total number of scrambling codes available in a scrambling code group of this cell and the neighboring cell. It is a target value for reference in the automatic planning. If it is set to 0, the item of #Code in the cell PSC planning report automatically generated will be shown as N/A, indicating Not Available, that means no constraint condition. Note: If the PSCs of a cell and those of its neighboring cells are allocated to the same scrambling code group, the parameter # of Code Groups in Neighbour Cells can be set to 1, indicating this constraint condition will be taken into account in the automatic planning.
2.2 Checking BS Setup and Cell Distribution on Map

Select the 3g->View->New 2D view menu, and select a map from the pull-down box (note: If the terrain is not displayed, select the button <Show Data Types> and then <Clutter Data> to configure the display elements). In following window check whether BSs and cells exist in the map. (Note: the map is imported by setting the relevant contents of the coordinate system and the maximum and minimum of the latitudes and longitudes of the map in the Modify Project window. At the same time, the antenna data should also be imported. For detailed operation, refer to Reference [4].
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Figure 2
NodeBs&Cells
2.3 Checking whether 3g Carrier is Set up and Added to Cell

Select the 3g->Options->Carriers menu as shown in the following window, and check whether 3g carriers have been configured or not, and then check whether the carriers have been added to the cell, as shown in figure 3.
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Figure 3 Carriers
2.4 Checking Cell Coverage Predictor

Select the 3g->Tools->Coverage Predictor menu to checking whether the cell coverage has been created or not.
Figure 4
Coverage Predictor
Operation Process of Cell PSC Planner Tools

3.1 Setting Cell Range for Planning
Select the 3g->Database->Filters menu as shown in the following window, and add
Filter, and then set the cells to be allocated in this Filter.
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Figure 5
Filters
3.2 Automatic Planning of Intra-carrier Neighboring Cells

Select the 3g->Tools->Neighbour Planner menu as shown in the following figure. After selecting the cells to be planned and the Filters whether the neighboring cells of these cells are located, set the relevant parameters as required to complete the automatic planning of intra-frequency cells. If intra-carrier neighboring cells need to be considered in Step 2 of automatic scrambling code planning in Section 3.4, this step is mandatory for getting the neighboring cells for each cell.
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Figure 6 Description of relevant parameters:
Neighbour Planner
Intra-Carrier Planning frame: Intra-carrier neighboring cell planning Override Handover Margin [dB]: It indicates the pilot power difference between two cells within the handover area should be smaller than or equal to the handover margin value input here. This parameter is induced in the discussion on candidate cell for soft handover. The bigger this parameter value, the larger the soft handover area, indicating the soft handover connections will be increased. Thus more checks will be carried out for a successful soft handover in the simulation procedure, and the average power value between various cells in the activity set will be increased too. Hence, this parameter should be set with consideration the soft handover overhead in the planning.
Carrier: It refers to the carrier used by the neighboring cell. Resolution[m]: It is the resolution of the digital map as recommended. Minimum Interfering Area [km 2 ]: It specifies the minimum interfering area between the primary cell and a neighboring cell, indicating the interfering area between the primary cell and the neighboring cells should be greater than this value. The primary cell may have several soft handover areas meeting the requirement of Handover Margin, but some soft handover area in the simulation is too small. This parameter can be used to filter them.
Standard Deviation [dB]: It specifies the Eb/No standard deviation of the service that the UE can accept, and it controls Eb/No distribution achieved by UE. When it is set to 0, it indicates to ignore any deviation caused by power control. If the deviation caused
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only by power control must be considered, the Eb/No standard deviation of this service must be set (other than 0). Number of Neighbouring Cells: It refers to the maximum number of neighboring cells that can be assigned to each cell.
3.3 Setting
Schemas
of
Scrambling
Code
Group
and
Scrambling Code
Select the 3g->Tools->Code Schemas menu, as shown in the following figure and then set the scrambling code group and scrambling code resource.
Figure 7
Code Schemas
3.4 Run the UMTS Scrambling Code Planner Tool

Select the 3g->Tools->Scrambling Code planner menu, as shown in the following figure and the click <Next>.
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Figure 8
Scrambling code planner
3.4.1
Step 1
In the following figure select cells to be planned and the Filters where the neighboring cells of these cells are located, and the click <Next>.
Figure 9
Scrambling code planner: step1
3.4.2
Step 2
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only In the following figure set the factors to be considered in the automatic planning, and the click <Next>:
Figure 10
Description of relevant parameters: Neighbouring cells frame: Consider Neighbouring cells: When it is selected, it indicates to consider the distribution of the neighboring cell in the automatic planning. Adjacent cells frame: Consider Adjacent cells: When it is selected, it indicates to consider the distribution of the adjacent cell in the automatic planning. Max. # of adjacent cells: It refers to the maximum number of the adjacent cells with different cell PSCs. Code reuse distance frame: Consider code reuse distance: When it is selected, it indicates to consider code resource reuse in the automatic planning. Min. code reuse distance (km): It indicates the cell range from the primary cell, within which there is no identical cell PSCs. Select carriers for planning frame: Selecting the carriers of the intra-carrier cell to be planned. Resolution (m): It is the resolution of the digital map as recommended.
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Do not assign same code to cells under the same NodeB: When it is selected, it indicates no cell under a NodeB use identical cell PSCs, no matter these cells are in the same frequency or not.
3.4.3
Step 3
In the following figure select the code resource applied for the planning, and then other constraint conditions, and click <Finish>.
Figure 11
Scrambling Code planner: step3
Description of relevant parameters: Description of the fields in the table above: Filter: It lists the Filters requiring automatic scrambling code allocation. State: Set the state of the current cell set to one of these three states: Planed (indicating the automatic planner tool assigns these cell PSCs to the cells of these Filters), Read-Only (indicating the automatic planner tool will not change the cell PSCs in this Filter, even if collision occurs. And the Filter defined to this level will be present in the report), and Ignore (indicating the automatic planner tool will not consider the cells in the Filter of this level, and these cells will not be present in the planning report either, so they will be ignored.). You can click the State column to select one in the drop-down list box. If a cell belongs to two Filters at the same time, you need to select its state from the Filter of the higher priority. The priority of a Filter is determined according to its arrangement sequence, and can be adjusted by means of the upward and downward buttons on the left in the window above.
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only #CodeGroups: This specifies the maximum number of scrambling code groups used for a cell and its neighboring cells. It is valid for all the cells in the Filter. But it should be optimized. It is taken as reference for the automatic planning which is performed based on the neighboring cell list. If this value is null, the scrambling code planner tool will adopt the number of scrambling code groups that can be used by the neighboring cells of this cell designated in the cell parameter table in Section 2.1. #Codes: This specifies the maximum number of scrambling codes used for a cell and its neighboring cells. It is valid for all the cells in the Filter. But it should be optimized. It is taken as reference from the automatic planning of the neighboring cell list. If this value is null, the scrambling code planner tool will use the number of scrambling codes that can be used by the neighboring cells of this cell designated in the cell parameter table in Section 2.1. Minimize: In the automatic planning procedure, if the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes to be used for a cell and its neighboring cell exceed the code resource requirement on a Filter, the code planner tool will consider this item, that is to minimize the number of scrambling codes or the number of scrambling code groups. If this parameter is set to #Code, the automatic planner tool will increase the number of scrambling code groups instead of the number of scrambling codes in each group; if it is set to #CodeGroup, the automatic planner tool will increase the number of scrambling codes in each group instead. Code Schema: It indicates to select the code resource to be allocated in the scrambling code planning, which is created in Section 3.3. Cell Property button: To specify the number of special scrambling code groups and scrambling codes for a cell, you can click this button to append parameters conveniently. Note that if a cell belongs to two Filters, its state should be selected from the Filter of the higher priority. This has been mentioned in the parameter of State of Filter.
3.4.4
Step 4
The cell PSC planning report is generated as shown in the following figure. Analyze the report. If the scrambling code group and scrambling code assigned to the cell meet the requirements, click <Apply All Carriers> or <Apply Carrier> to complete the cell PSC planning.
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Figure 12
Description of relevant parameters: Carrier Name: The automatic planner tool can assign cell PSCs to the intra-carrier cell at different frequencies simultaneously. Here you can select different carriers in the same window to browse the allocation result of the cell PSCs at this frequency. Apply All Carriers and Apply Carrier buttons: If you are satisfied with the allocation result of PSCs in the pre-planning, you can click one of these two buttons to apply the pre-planning result to the parameter setting of each cell. Descriptions of the fields in the cell PSC table: Cell name: List of intra-carrier cells at the selected frequency.
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only State: It indicates the PSCs of this cell is Planed (indicating the automatic planner tool assigns these cell PSCs to the cells of these Filters) or Read-Only (indicating the automatic planner tool will not change the cell PSCs in this Filter). In the planning, the cell belonging to two Filters has higher priority, and will be planned first. CodeGroup: It refers to the scrambling code group assigned by the scrambling code planner tool. Code: It refers to the scrambling code assigned by the scrambling code planner tool. Minimize: In the automatic planning procedure, if the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes to be used for a cell and its neighboring cell exceed the code resource requirement on a Filter, the code planner tool will consider this item, that is to minimize the number of scrambling codes or the number of scrambling code groups. If this parameter is set to #Code, the automatic planner tool will increase the number of scrambling code groups instead of the number of scrambling codes in each group; if it is set to #CodeGroup, the automatic planner tool will increase the number of scrambling codes in each group instead. #CG (Target): It is the number of scrambling code groups used designated the neighboring cells only in the case the neighboring cells are considered in the automatic planning, that is the value set in the cell properties in Section 2.1. #CG (Achieved): It is the number of scrambling code groups actually used for the neighboring cells after the planning only in the case that the neighboring cells are considered in the automatic planning. #C(Target): It is the number of scrambling codes designated for the neighboring cells only in the case the neighboring cells are considered in the automatic planning, that is the value set in the cell properties in Section 2.1. #C(Achieved): It is the number of scrambling codes actually used for the neighboring cells after the planning only in the case the neighboring cells are considered in the automatic planning. %Quality: It displays the interference percentage of the cells with identical scrambling codes only in the case the adjacent cells are considered in the automatic planning. Relevant description of the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes of the neighboring cells of the selected cell, the designated adjacent cells, all the cells nearby and other cells under the NodeB:
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only Neighbours Cells: This specifies the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes of the neighboring cells of the selected cell. Adjacent Cells: This specifies the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes of the designated adjacent cells of the selected cell. Nearby Cells: This specifies the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes of all the cells nearby. NodeB Cells: This specifies the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes of other cells under the NodeB.
4 Analysis on Cell PSC Planning

4.1 Analysis on Scrambling Code Planning Report Generated Automatically
4.1.1 Setting of Relevant Parameters
It can be learnt from the parameters inputted in the operation process that the allocation of cell PSCs by the automatic planner tool is related to such factors as the scrambling code groups and scrambling codes that can be used, the number of neighboring cells, the scrambling code reuse distance, resolution, and whether it is allowed to assign same code to cells under the same NodeB. The following table shows the setting of the relevant parameters in the cell PSC planning. Table 2 The Parameters in scrambling code planner Parameter name Cell Properties # of Code Groups in Neighbour Cells # of Codes in Neighbour Cells 0 Value 0 Setting description No setting unless the number of the scrambling code groups of the PSCs used for the neighboring cells of a cell is restricted. No setting unless the total number of the PSCs used for the neighboring cells of a cell is restricted Override Handover Margin [dB] Neighbouring Cells Planning Resolution[m] Minimum Interfering Area[km 2 ] X X 36 It specifies the size of the handover area. If the pilot of two cells is 3dB different from each other, it can be set according to the proportion of actual handover. It is set to the resolution of the digital map. It is the minimum value of the geographical range of the actual handover area between
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only every two neighboring cells. It is to be set according to the actual situation. Standard Deviation [dB] 0 It refers to the Eb/No distribution of UE. When it is set to 0, it indicates the Eb/No of the UE reaches the target value, indicating the power control deviation can be ignored. Number of Neighbouring Cells Scrambling Code Planning Min. code reuse distance (km) Resolution (m) State Filter #CodeGroups 1 X X Planed Max. # of adjacent cells 6 618 It indicates that each hexagon primary cell has 6 neighboring cells. It specifies the maximum number of adjacent cells of each primary cell. It can be set to 6 for hexagon cell, indicating all the adjacent cells are neighboring cells. It is deducted with the formula 4.1. It is the resolution of the digital map. Only the Filter where the cell not to be planned but for reference only will be set to ReadOnly ro Ignored This specifies that the PSCs of each cell and its neighboring cells in this Filter are divided into one scrambling code group. It can be adjusted according to the scrambling code resource. #Codes 7 This specifies that the maximum number of available PSCs of each cell and its neighboring cells in this Filter is 7. It can be adjusted according to the scrambling code resource. Minimize #CodeGroups or #Code If the above two items cannot be satisfied, increase the number of available scrambling codes in each scrambling code group or add the number of scrambling code groups, considering it is continuous allocation or not.
4.1.2
Adjustment Method
We can easily learn from the scrambling code report generated in Figure 12 that there are many cells with clash codes with red mark. Such a code allocation result does not meet the requirement. Here is the adjustment method:
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only First adjust the number of adjacent cells interfering to each other and the minimum reuse distance to the optimal value. Here the number of adjacent cells is Max[The number of adjacent cells interfering to each other of each cell]. It is adjusted within the range of (68). The minimum reuse distance can be calculated according to the following the formula (4.1) (Refer to Section 4.2 of Reference [5] for the formula deduction and analysis). If clash code still occurs, you can also increase the available code resource, that is, to increase the value of K to achieve the optimal effect.
D R 3K
( 4.1 )
D is the minimum reuse distance, R stands for the minimum cell redius, and K is the number of cell PSCs used. The above formula can be represented in the form of the formula (4.2). Note: in the cell planning, we know the average cell radius, so we can roughly estimate the minimum radius as: Average cell radius 70%.
K i j ij
2
i j 0 1 2 3...
( 4.2 )
The parameters i and j are the number of cells crossed in different directions within the scrambling code distance. The range value of K is {1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 12}. For example, if 7 scrambling codes are used, and parameters i and j are 2 and 1 respectively, then the cell using the same PSCs as the primary cell is located at the point crossing two cells toward south or other directions then crossing one cell after tuning 60
o
counterclockwise. Here the minimum reuse distance of scrambling codes is 4.58R. This distribution law is shown in Figure 14 in the example of Section 4.13.
4.1.3
Example of Code Resource Reuse
The following is the planning of cell PSCs for the cells covered in Naijing City. We can see from the generated scrambling code planning result that the scrambling code reuse is for occupying the minimum code resource. For the 3 1 neighboring base stations distributed equably, if the minimum reuse distance is ignored, that is to ensure only neighboring cells use different PSCs, 7 PSCs are enough. However, adjacent cells interfering to each other must be considered in practice. The following example is the maximum reuse allowed with the consideration of the case that the primary cell has 8 adjacent cells interfering to each other: Description of planning parameters: 1) there are totally 246 cells; 2) the code schema designates three scrambling code groups of 0, 1 and 2, containing 24 scrambling codes in all. But only 23 are used, which is enough; 3) the Max. # of adjacent cells is 8 and the Min. code reuse distance (km) is 2 (The radius of the smallest cell). The numerals of X.X represent scrambling code group and scrambling code respectively.
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Figure 13
For example: NanJing Coverage
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2.0 42 0.0 1.1
0.3 40 1.2 1.0 0.1 19 2.1 1.2
0.1 62 2.2 2.1 1.1 2.2 43 41 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 2.0 0.0 2.0 39 60 0.0 0.2 2.1 1.3 18 1.0 1.2 0.2 1.1 37 59 0.1 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.4 2.0 2.1 1.0 38 46 44 61 0.2 1.1 2.2 0.1 0.3 1.2 0.0 1.2 0.0 1.3 2.2 21 47 1.2 45 2.3 2.2 1.0 1.1 2.0 1.0 1.3 0.1 58 78 1.3 0.3 2.1 0.1 20 0.1 1.4 0.2 2.1 0.4 63 1.1 22 77 0.2 1.1 2.0 0.0 0.3 1.1 1.0 1.4 23 16 30 1.2 0.2 1.0 1.3 2.3 0.2 2.0 0.0 72 64 2.2 0.4 1.2 1.5 0.1 1.6 2.1 14 15 75 0.3 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.6 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.2 1.0 24 73 12 65 1.4 0.1 1.1 0.0 1.6 1.3 2.2 1.1 2.3 0.2 0.1 1.2 76 13 11 1.5 0.2 2.0 0.5 2.4 1.0 2.5 1.5 0.4 34 1.3 0.3 0.0 74 7 66 2.1 1.1 2.1 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.0 0.5 25 0.0 2.0 1.0 6 35 81 5 2.3 1.2 0.6 1.6 2.4 1.1 2.0 0.0 2.2 1.3 2.2 57 1.0 1.2 2.1 0.1 67 53 1 2.3 1.3 2.2 0.1 1.7 1.2 2.2 2.1 0.1 1.0 56 0.2 33 0.1 2.0 1.0 3 2.1 48 4 26 0.3 2.0 2.6 0.5 2.5 0.4 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.2 36 1.1 68 2 0.3 1.2 0.6 1.5 1.3 0.2 1.1 2.5 2.2 1.3 55 8 9 0.0 2.1 0.2 27 32 0.2 0.0 0.4 1.2 1.5 2.4 2.1 0.0 0.7 1.1 54 0.4 2.3 2.0 0.1 1.0 80 10 49 0.6 1.4 0.3 1.0 2.279 0.2 2.3 0.1 1.0 1.3 52 69 71 0.2 1.1 0.2 2.0 0.0 2.3 1.2 0.1 0.0 17 70 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.1 1.0 31 0.1 1.0 28 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 0 29 2.1 1.1 1.3 0.3 1.0 50 0.2 0.1 1.2 51 0.0 2.2
Figure 14
For example: NanJing PSC Planning (CodeGroup.Code)
4.2 Analysis on Manual Configuration of Cell PSCs

4.2.1 Determining the Code Resource to be Used
When the number of cells to be planned is greater than or equal to 512, the maximum number of available scrambling code resource is 64 scrambling code groups, each of which contains 8 PSCs.
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only When the number of cells to be planned is less than 512, the maximum number of available scrambling code resource is the number of cells to be planned. In the manual planning, you need to estimate the minimum reuse distance according to the neighboring cells and adjacent cells first, and then calculate the number of available PSCs with the formula 4.1, as shown below:
D2 3R 2
( 4.3 )
To ensure the PSCs of all the neighboring cells in the same scrambling code group, you should minimize the number of scrambling code groups as much as possible, preventing the PSCs from being allocated to too many scrambling code groups.
4.2.2
Planning Method
It is recommended to use the area division method for the manual planning of cell PSCs, for the cases of neighboring cells distributed equably and the remote cells without interference to each other. For the neighboring hexagon cells distributed equably, we can find this law from Figure 14 in Section 4.1.3: In the case that PSCs available to the neighboring hexagon cells distributed equably with the consideration of only neighboring cells generate interference, that is, K being 7, the parameters i and j are 2 and 1 respectively. Therefore, the cell using the same PSCs as the primary cell is located at the point crossing two cells toward south or other directions then crossing one cell after tuning 60
o
counterclockwise, as shown below. In this case, after defining
a cell cluster, you can allocate the PSCs repeatedly with the unit of this cell cluster. The values of i and j calculated with the formula 4.2 vary with K.
0.2 0.1 0.6
0.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.4
Figure 15
Manual PSC Planning
For the remote cells without interference, the PSCs can be planned at will, as long as no repetition with the neighboring cell.
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4.3 Minimum Reuse Distance and Scrambling Code Resource Reservation

Comparing with the limited frequency resource of the GSM, the 512 PSCs for differentiating cells in WCDMS cell planning are relatively abundant. So the cell PSC planning in 3G is not so strict as the frequency planning of GSM. But the reuse distance of the cell PSCs still need to make the signals received by all the UEs meet the requirement of carrier-to-interference ratio. That is, the adjacent cell with interference cannot use the same PSCs as the primary cell. The minimum reuse distance is the distance from the primary cell to the farthest adjacent cell. For the dense cells distributed equably, it is recommended to reuse at least 12 PSCs (that is K is 12 and both i and j are 2.), then the minimum reuse distance can be worked out with the formula 4.1, that is 6R, as shown below:
0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.4 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.3
0.8 1.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 1.4
0.8 1.3 1.4 0.2 0.5 0.6
0.8 1.3 1.4
0.1 0.4 0.7 1.2
0.8 1.3 1.4
0.8 1.3 1.4
Figure 16
Minimize Reuse Distance
Generally, the scrambling code resource will not be used up, but will be reserved for the future. As there is no experience for large-scale planning, we recommend reserving some scrambling code resource according to the number of cells planned in the network construction and the subsequent capacity expansion.
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guidance For internal use only List of references: [1] Wang Mingmin, WCDMA RNP Technology Research on Special Topics Code Planning Technology Research, 2002/08/23 [2] Yao Jianqing, WCDMA RNP ENTERPRISE V4.x Multi-Node Import Operation Guide, 2002/11/14 [3] Yao Jianqing, WCDMA RNP Technology Research on Special Topics -- ENTERPRISE Parameter Analysis Report, 2003/01/04 [4] Chen Jing, WCDMA RNP ENTERPRISE V4.0 Planning Software Usage Guide V1.0, 2002/07/30 [5] Jens Zander, Seong-Lyun Kim, Radio Resource Management for Wireless Networks, 2001/06/30 [6] Jaana Laiho, Achim Wacher, Tomas Novosad, Radio Network Planning and Optimization for UMTS, 2002
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WCDMA RNP Cell Primary Scrambling Code Planning Guideline

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1.2 Planning Principles

1.3 Planning Method