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Cr,craeHreru: Aterccariap ()ot, Mapzapltnta Ta,teea, fitununrcp llonoe, Bece.ttut l[eauoe, Jlutaua Bonteea

CoQnx. 1993

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993 c/o Jusautor, Sofia ISBN 954-07-0184_8

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flpr,r ras6opa Ha reKcroBere e H3[on3yBaHo BToporo l43AaHI{e or ,,Wziopu 3a crapa vrcTopt4fl Ia reorpaQlrn na Tpaxns u Maxe[osuq" (I4TM), KaKTo LI nbpBl,r roM or,,I4saopn sa Tpaxua n tpaxHte" (l4TT)' H3AaHue ua l4ucruryTa no rpaKoJIoFHt. 3a aa ce yJrecHrT quTaTennTe, oTAeJTHHTe [peBeaeHH oTKbcr4 Ce
BbBe)KAaT C KpaTKa 616lnOrpaQCKa C[paBKa, KOflTO BKJIIOqBa: 1IMeTO Ha aHTr,rqHHt aBTop; cbr{I,tHeHHeTO, oT KoeTo e ug6palHwfT nacax H

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pa3nnBa uafr-ry6aeara BoAa Ha 3eMflTa. IV,517-53t1. Torasa crA6ara nopa3h cr,rHa Ha Arvrapnuxefi.[nopefr, 3aruoro 6erue ynapeH B ArcHara lrHIutJIKa Ao rne3eHa c octbp KaMbK. Xrrplun ro 6e soxabr Ha rpaKHTe flefrpofr, cHH Ha Wv.6pac, rofrro 6eure aorurr or Esoc. EescpanaHl,rqr KaMbK rury pas,lpo6l4 Han'bJIHo rBere x.HJl4 u KocrHTe. Wroi't [aAHa Bb3HaK u ?rg.[rxsafrKu, nporerHa ABere cla pbue KbM Mr,rJrHTe cn Apyrapn. A flefrpofr, xofiro nuenno 6e ro yAapr4n, flpr.rr]rrra u sa6n Konuero cn npn flbna My; Bcr{qKI4Te My Brrper.uHocrh H3TeKoxa Ha 3eMrrra r,r N,IpaK iloKpH orrr,rre rr,ry. Ho eroJIHeur'r Toaur, Karo ce c[ycHa, yAapH fleiipoft c Konnero Ha.[ ftipAHTe HaII cr,cunTe H Meara ce sa6n e upo6orere r'ry. ToaHr ce npn6luxn A'o Hero, r43I',bprra or f'bpauTe My Mor.rIHoTo KOIlHe, l,l3TerJlu ocTpr4t cl,l Meq n c Hero ro y,ttaph ilpaBo B KopeMa n My orHe Ayuara. Ho roii He My cBanu Ba,op'b)KeHuero, noHexe llefrpoii 6erue o6rp'b)KeH or Apyrapnre cr TpaKH, C nepqeMr,r Ha Bbpxa Ha rraBaTa, KoHTo Abp)Kaxa AbJIrr,r Konnfl B pbuere cw. W te or6lrcsaxa Haaaneq or ce6e cn Toaur, MaKap qe e
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ItuKlaTe H ropAHTe Mr43r,r, KoHeyKporr{TeJrr4Te QpNrra H MeoHH, 5oftur xa KoJrecHuur.r. Ho sauo Me pa3nHTBare norpo6Ho sa rosa? Ta axo r(eJlaere aa ce BMbKHere B TporHcKl,Iq cTaH, TaM HacrpaHa ca cKopoAorrrJu{Te rpaKH, pa3rrono)KeHr,r Hafr-uarpaa or Bcr{rrK}t; MerItlly rflx e uap Pe3, cun na EiloHeil. Heroefire KoHe ca naft-ry6annre u uafr-egpnre, KaKB[To cbM BHXAan, no-6elu or cHrF, 6rpso6enr Karo Br,rxbp. KonecHHUaTa r',ry e xy6ano yKpaceHa H cbc 3JraTO, A c'bc cpe6po. TOft Aofine c op'bxl,lr 3JrarHH, orpoMHH, LI4BHI/.]J.a Fr4 BHAr,nx; He rrpHJrr{qa Ha CMbprHH M'b)Ke.[a rr4 Hocrr, a ua 6e3cnabprHr,r 6oroee. A cera 3aBeaere Me rrpn 6rpaure ropa6u HJrr,r Me Bbpxere 6egrrnlocrso c Bbx(e H Me ocraBere TYK, AOrarO Ce BbpHeTe r,r [poBepHTe \anv cbM roBopHI [peA Bac

Baure B HeroBr,rre soAr.r. Koraro ce npu6Jln)Kr{xa eauH Ao Apyr, np'r,B 3aroBopr,r 6oronoao6nunr 6rp:ouor Axnr: ,,Kofr cn rr,r H or KaKrB poA, Ta Ap'b3Ha Aa Mr,r H3re3erx uacpeuta? Cauo ueua Ha 3Jrorrecril poanreJru ce cpeuar c Morra rpocr." Heuy nrx raKa orroBopr4 craBHr4flT cvH Ha flereron: ,,Xpa6pr,r cHHe Ha l-lelefi, KaKBo Me rrr,rrarr 3a polla r.an? As cbM or aareqHa ry.rsa l-leonuq H npeABo)uaM neoHr,r c AT,JrrH Konr4q. Beqe tru e eAlrHaAecervflT \eH orKaK cT,M Aorx'bJr e l4rraoH. A nr'r po,rlbr Mr4 e TeqaluHrrr rxHpoKo Axcnfi, rofiro pa3Jrr4Ba Hafr-xy6anara BoAa Ha 3eMsTa r{ poa}r craBHHq ronue6opeu [IeleroH;Tofi rrbK, Ka3Bar, polr{n MeHe. Xafi,ue cera Aa ce 6fieM, 6raropoAHH Axule." Tara xaea cr,c 3anJraxa. EoxecrseHusr Axur B.qr4rHa flceHoBo Korrue or nnaHuHara flenHoH, ara xeporr Acreponefr xBbpJrH erHoBpeMeHHo aBeTe cr,r KonHr, rroHe)Ke 6erue roerr H c aBeTe cr4 p'bue.

X[I, l-9. Koraro 3eec npn6nuaru Xerrop H TporHunre Ao axeficxure ropa6n, rofr rn ocraBu Aa tbpnflT npr,r rqx HecnnpHo MbKH l.t 6eIlA, a caM H3BtpHa6nncxasure cH oqr4 Ha3aA, Ha6rpAasafiKr{ B AaneqnHara 3eMrra Ha KoHeB'bAunTe TpaKH, Ha cpaxaBaulure ce or6JrH3o Mr,r3lt r{ Ha nporryruTe xr{neMoJrrr, Kor.rro ce xpaHrr c MJrflKo, KaKTo u ua a6nure, Hafr-cnpaeerJrHBr{Te or xopara. Ho rofr ue o6rpua floBeqe 6rqcxasnre cn oqu xr,vr Tpon, 3aruoTo He oqaKBarrre, ve utxofi 6escr.atpreu ute Aofrae aa rroMorHe 6uro Ha rpoqHuuTe, 6nlo sa AaHaftuHTe. XIII, 576-577. Xenes ylapn or6lnso .[efinrap no cnrroro oKo c ronqM rpaxufrcru Meq H My cBaJrh [rneMa. XXI, 139-163. Cnnrr sa flenefr c abnro Korrne B pbKa ce crycHa cpeuy AcT eponeft, cHHa sa llereros, frraMHaJr or xeraHne aa ro y6ne; flererox 6nn poAen or reqarunrr HarxnpoKo Axcraft n flepu6on, HaitrorrMara Aburepfl sa AxecaueH: c Hefl ce cbqeral Atl6oKoBbprorrHurr 6or. Kru Hero HMeHHo ce xBlpJrH Axnn, Ho rofr H3Jre3e or peKara H My ce onbrqr{ c,qBe Konrfl B p'bue. .[rpsocr BAbxHa B rbpllr{Te uy Kcaur, pa3rHeBeH 3apaar.r rra]lHaJrilTe IoHauH, Kor.rro AxHr 6esrurhlocruo n:6n10

'lTN Te cnsxa cbcrraHn or yMopa, a xy6aaure HM X,470-47t1. opbxnfl nexaxa Ha 3eMflTa lo rax 4o6pe troapelleHu B Tpn peIIHut4: npv BceKn or Trrx croe[e treofrra xose. B cpellara cnettre Pet, npn Hero crosxa 6rpsnre KoHe, Bbp3ar.lz. c rroBoruTe 3a ropHr,rr p'r,6 ua KorrriflTa Ha KorecHr,rrlara. OAHcefr ro 3'r,pHa rrpr,B H no nocoqn Ha .[,uoueA: ,,Ero ToBa e Mbxbr, [r.ror.,reae! Tosa ca roxere! 3a rsx HH pa3Ka3Barxe ,[,olou, Konoro y6uxue. Xafr!.e, [oKa)Kr.r IoHarxKara cuct4ra; He 6nsa [a ce M'bApr{u c op'bxuqra cu aMH orurpseafr KoHere, lrJrn rrbK ruy6uzai,t Mrxere, a a3 ule ce florpnxa 3a KoHere."

I"4CTVHATA

HE,

,,Orucen" (onxuctune no tr4 I*1")

l4cv.ap. Tyx

IX,39-66. Or lul.nuoH Barbpbr Me noHece KbM Kr4KoHHTe, KbM rpara onycrouilx rpala n nory6ux )Kr{TerHTe vry. Or rpala

H MHoro r4MoT, Ta HHKofr He ocTaHa,6es aa fionyqr4 paBeH grl. Clea roBa a3 HacroflBax [a 6flraMe 6rp:o, Ho re, fJlyflaqr4, He Me rrocJry[axa. Torasa MHofo Br4Ho ce rru H KJraxa na 6pera MHoro oBue r,r MHoFo BJreKoKpaKH roBeAa. Ho Hs6qrarHTe KnKoHr,r noBr,rKaxa

rarpa6uxrrle )KeHr,rTe

vu 6gxa cbceAn 14 xnBeexa HaB'brpe. Te 6qxa MHoro no-xpa6pn n noBerre ua 6pofr, rrbK H orrHTHLr aa ce cpa)KaBar c KoJIecHHun, a Koraro rpa6narue H rreua. Wre ce ssuxa B paHHa yrpr{H Karo nr4cra n uBerr Harrporer. 14 roraea Hr,r cnoJrerr gla crA6a, fipareHa or 3enca, Ha Hac, HeluacrHure, 3a aa H3narHM roJIeMu 3JILIHI,I. C:reA raro ce nocrponxa (rnxounre r{ Moure xopa) 3arroquaxa 6urra npu 6rp:nre ropa6u n ce HapaHrBaxa B3aHMHo c ueAHoo6roBaHH Konur. fioraro 6eure oute paHHo yrpo n 6oNecrseF{Hrr AeH pacre[re, HHe ce 6paHexue H Ce A'bpx(axMe, aKo ure IIa 6sxa noeeqe. Ho ruopr cJrbHueTo 3a[oqHa Aa
Kr,rKoHHTe, Kor,rro
KJTOHH

KbM nJraIIHe, TOfaBa KHKOHr,rre HaABHXa axefrUr4Te n rU O6rpUaXa

s 6qrcrso. 3arunaxa no ruecr llpyrapn c ry6aan KHeMr,rAr4 or BceKH ropa6. Ocraualure ce orbpBaxMe or cMbprra u or crA6ara. Orryx orrrJryBaxMe HaratbK c oleqaJreHo cbprle, paAocrHn, qe n:6ernaxue cM'bprra, Ho :ary6nrvr v,t4Jtln ApyrapH. Ho Hgsrarure ot
ABere crpaHr,r ropa6u He noremr4xa HanpeA, AoKaro He H3BnKaxMe

rpr

11

n'bTH BCeKU OT HeUIaCTHVTe HV Apyrapn, Kol4To 3afHHaxa Ha fioreTo, y6nru or K[KoHHTe. IX, 196-211. A: nuaxcrcce6ecH Ko3h Mqxcbc cJIaAKo qepBeHo BttHo, xofrro uu 6eure lal MapoH, cHH Ha Eaaut, x(peu Ha Anolott, rofiro 3aKpr4Jrflrxe l4cuap, noHe)Ke or crpaxoiloqHTaHne 6nxue 3a[lurI,lJIH Hero H [erero My, u xeHa My, qe )KHBeeue B e.[Ha 6orara c A'bpBera

gr6para, nocBereHa na (De6 Anolon. Tofr rnru aoHece BeJlI,tKoJIelrHt't aapoBe, Aaae MH ceaeM TanaHra or Kpacueo o6pa6oreHo 3Jlaro, Aa.[e MH cbruo ear{H Kparep, I43uqno or cpe6po, a cJIeII ToBa HaJIfl B ABaHa,llecer arrrQopu cJraAKo HecMeceHo BHHo, 6ox(ecrBeHo tlltrne. VI surofr se ro ,rofr, 3HaeLUe, HLITO OT CJIyrI4HHTe, HilTo oT cJryrnTe BKbIIlt4, no cauo [cKaxa A xoraro Aa MuJrara My cbflpyra ueEHa eAI4HcrBeHa KrloqapKa. nnsr or roBa cJra.[Ko Karo MeA BHHo, roft xantraaue eAHa qarua or Hero, cMecBaue ro c Boaa trsafrce'r IIbrH rlo roJIKoBa Ia HeH3Ka3aHo npnrrrHo 6;raroyxaune ce pa3Hacqure or Kparepa. Torasa 6erue usoro
TpyAHO Aa Ce B'L3Abp)KHIU OT HerO'

Manupou noKa3an H ,rtpyro FonqMo 6laropasnono)KeHne rru @o6, KoraTo rofi ornlyean u o6eular, qe ue AaIIe qacr or 3eMrra 14 rpaAa (cn), axo Qoxefiuure )Ketrarr Aa tofr,uar e flHrroeca ctc gacelnnun. A @o6, cren xaro y6eln,r fpaxAaHuTe, r43nparuJr 6par cn aa Bo.[!r 3aceJrHHuHTe. A or crpaua sa MaHlpoH HM Srlo npelocraBeH() Bcur{Ko,
KAKTO OIIAKBAIIfi. HCI -|.C CTAHANU OT HATIAIOTO HCHABACTHI4, A IIOCIC h orracHn :a 6e6pr,rrrare, cJ'te.u Karo r,r3BJIeKJI14 cl,ce,rHure BapBapH

no co6creeHla aena. Karo cranan [pr4flTeJ] H rocr ua Mauapou, qapfl Ha TaKa HaperteHr4Te [r4TrOeCeHCrcU 6e6puxu, rofr nlr noMofHaJr H BoH)BaJr 3aeAHo c rrrx cpeuy oHe3?r or cbceanTe, Kor4To r-o 6eslroroern. To:n

or

AI4O[OP, ,,14c'ropnvecxa 6n6luorexa" (onwucbm no nTM) VII, ll. Cnel TpoqHcKara

1..

rorrrMa noJl3a, rrJrrtrKa n xarpa6eHo HMyruecrB<>. lA re (6e6pr,rrnre) n crperue)Ka cv aa ce H:6aesr or rqx, He ycrreru Aa crreqeJrflT Ha cBofl crpaHa Man,qpos, M'bx rrecreH H crrpaBeAnhB Kr,M ennlr.re. Ho roraro rofr 6nl e .lyx6Hua, Te ce npr4rorBr4nn Aa yHnrrroxar eoxefrunre c n3MaMa. O6a.re rr,ueprra ua MaHnpou Jlal,rrrcare, Kosro 6ura HexeHeHa, flpe.rlBapl{TeJrHo y3HaJra KoBapHHfl HM 3aMHcl,Jl u Hafr-uanpea ce 3aeJIa Aa paay6exuara npt4rrennre H ,{or'rauHr4Te cv, Aa pa3rcHqBa
KOJIKO ilpOTtrBHO

il

CBeTOTaTCTBeHO AenO Te Ca Ce 3aeil H aa

B.bpuaT, KaTo

eofrHa Mopero BTIaAeeJIH:

nvtuu r{ MeoHI,r

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2. tenacru
3. rpaxn 4. pouocun 5. Qpnrn 6. xnnr,pun

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Op.6. flnyrapx, ,,3a Ao6porereJll{Te Ha treHn.re", 255 A-E:

poAa Ha Koa,puAure

14NlanoAsava 6parn 6lneuaun Oo6 n Ele6c, Kol'{ro npoH3JIII3aJIllor ot Ooreq. Or rqx 0o6 nafi-naflpeA ce ornpaBLIJI or
B Mopero, KaKTo pa3Ka3Ba Xapox Jlavncaxneulr. Karo nual eoficra n uapcKo AocrofrHcrso, ornJIaBaJI rlu flapnon

y6near vrxe.6lanoAerean u cbK)3Hnur4, a cera Beqe 14 cbrpa)K[aHr4. A rr,fr Karo He rn y6eAnra, Tfl cKpr,ruou cto6ulltn a Ha enllvtre 3a ToBa, Koero ce 3aMucnq 14 fH nocbBerBaJla ,IIa ce na3flr. A re raro ycrpol'lJl I{ HqKa KBo )KeprBonpu Holre HI{e v nnp, u3BnKany. IrI4TIoece H }ITe B npe[rpaAilero. PaaAelnlu ce Ha .rIBe n ellHara qacr rrpeB3ern creHr4Te, a c Apyrara yHHuIo)KHJu4 xopara. Karo :aaraaeJrH TaKa rpaAa, Te rroBnKarn MaHApos Karo My flpetrnaFaJlH .qa uapyBa 3aeaHo c re3r.r, KoHTo 6unu c rqx, a Koraro Jlauncaxe yMprrna or 6olecr, r norpe6aln rrraruHo B rpaAa H Ha3oBaJlH rpaAa ua Heftuo nue - Jlavncare. rIosexe Maulpou, ga aa ug6erse flo.rlo3peHr4flTa B fipeaareJrcrBo, ce oTKa3an Aa )KHBee 3aenHo c rqx, rofr H3MoJrr,rJr Aa ce rpr4xH 3a ueuara Ha y6urvtre r4 3a )KeHilTe nu. Te ($oxefrun.re), rrfr Karo He Bbpruenh Hr4ulo HecrrpaBeArtaBo, oxorHo My rH r.{3nparanu. A Karo orAann na Jlauncaxe Hafr-uarrpeg rrorrecrr,r Karo Ha repofr, cJreA ToBa peruwru Aa rlr npnHacrr. ,KeprBH Karo Ha 6oruHq. 14 rrpoAuxaBar Aa ir nprrnacrr xeprBll raKa. Op.7. Cxon. xtpr Anol. PoAocxu, ll,2: AXapon Ka3Ba, qe 3eMrra Ha JraM[caKeH?rre rrpeAH ToBa ce Hapr4rtana Ee6prarnx no r{Mero Ha 3aceJrHJrr4Te a 6e6pnxra. TflxHoro rrJreMe e r{3rte3HaJro ilopal]r BoAeHHTe
eofrHu.

JIeexhAcrNTe cKarH

12

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OIPI4CKATA AbPXAB A

IA HEI4I-{ATA

BbHIIIHA

NOJII,'tTI,'tKA

XEPOAOT, ,,lActopur'" (ontxuctutte no I4TM)

IV,7tl-80. Apnannr, uaptrHa cKl'lrfiTe, 14Man Me)KAyApyrhre cpl Aeua )KeHa' H CHH, Ha HMe crcnl, poAeH or ucrpnfirca H c'bBceM He oT MecTHa OT H3MaMa c nory6eu 6nl KaKTO HgKOH CbO6rUaear. I-Io-rrcHo Apnannr H BnacT B3eJI UapcKaTa cnapranur, uapfl Ha araTr4pct4Te, a crnl 14 oT xeHa qr4eTo MecTHa r,rMe 6r{Jro otns.Ts,6uta 6aurnuara cn )KeHa,

Hea ApraarruT r4MaJr cuH Ha nrvre opr,rr. I-[apyeaftxra HaA SKHTHTe cxnn HHKaK He MorbJr Aa ce rroMr'rpl,I cbc cKHTCKr4q HaqHH Ha xHBoT' HO 6Hn MHOpO 1O-CKJIOHSH Ka,M rpbUKl4re O6uqau 11OpaLI4 Bb3nHTaHI4eTO' KOeTO rronyqt4JI. TOh npaenn CIeAHOTO: KOJIKOTO III'TH 3aBexAaJI CKHTcKaTa

qe ca no [pol43xoA BofrcKa KbM rpaAa Ha 6opilcTeHunTe (a re ra:saT, q BbTpe H nopbqBan BJII,I3aJI MnJreTrraHH), OCtaral BbH OT rpaAa, a CaM O$neKIO C enI4HCH 1a 3aTBOpgT rpaACKHTe BpATu, CMeHgJl CKIITCKOTO HI',ITO OT TeJloxpaHHcKo H TaKa ce ABI,IXeI I{3 rpaAa, He c'bllpoBoxAaH na3eJIH' Aa nbK BpaTI,I TeJr, H|4TO OT KOroTo u aa e ApyrHro. lpancxnre Karo ce Tofr Abp)Kan He 614 HtKOil or cKHTI,tre Aa ro BI'IIIH B ToBa o6neruto.

,['Ba. Cera Beqe H BauhrT Uap e B HeioBa BraCT n BaKxaHCTByBa u 6esyr*acrnyea, o6xBaHar or 60xecrBoro. AKo Hg MH BflpBare, nocJrelrBai Te Me H a3 ure Br4 ro noKa)Ka." flrpneuuure Ha cKr4TLrre ro [ocJleABala n 60pucreHeubr rH BbBer raftso B fpaaa H fr,r noKa(rHn Ha eAHa KyJra. Koraro cxan u'sa'r lrorpali t<r"u r"Cro 3aeAHo c rua3a, cKhTure ro Bl{renv KaK BaKXaHCTByBa, MHOFO Ce uacxrp6uru A Karo ce BbpHaJrn, cbo6unnn Ha urrnara soricra Br4AqHoro. Koraro cJreA ToBa ce BbpHaJr crnl y aoMa cH' cKurnre M'Harv Ha crpaHaTa Ha HeroBun'6par OrrauacaA, cr4H Ha A'buleprra Ha Tepec la B.r,cTaHaJrr4 cpeuy Crul. Karo yruar KaKBo craBa cpeuy Hero , n npu\rnHara 3a roBa, roE Hs6qrar e Tpaxna. Koraro AocrHrHan Wcrr,p,^sieznu Hacpeua uy tpaxnre. Te BETIE UIEJIH IIA BJIfl3AT B CPAXEHI,IE, KO|ATO CUTAIT I43TIPAT!,IJI IIPII Orravacaa npareHr,rK, xofrro Ka3aJl cJreauoro: ,,3aulo ,p"6"u ou a" noAJrafaMe Ha B3ar{MHo uznnrasue?TucwcnuHa MoflTa cecrpa unwaw ucrx 6par. D,afi uu ro n a3 Tt{ aaBaM rrol Crrl, 3a aa.ue a" ,rno.ur" otracHocrra, KoATO HOCU eOfrHara, HHTO Tr,r, HHTO a3!" Tosa My npeAJIo"u xun CuranK qpe3 rrpareHnK,3aluoro lrpu OxrauacaA 6nr usliran eauH crra,rr.s 6par. orraMacaa ono6pra;r rrpeano)KeH'ero, rrpeAaJr cBofl nyft'o sa cnralx H B3eJr 6para cn cxrar. cararx esen 6para cv n cvl oruuril, a Oxraruaca,[ oue TaM orpfl3ar FJraBara sa Crul. Tara
3ar.unTaBar cKnrHTe cBoHTe o6nqau.

e,qHH or 6opncreuunre ce [oA[rpaJr Ha CKHTHTe, karo HI'r Ce npucM'/BlTe, CKATV, rre qecrByBaMe BaKx, I{ rre

yKopflBar enwHwre,3a rllero qecrByBar Baxx, xaro Ka3Bar, qe He e pa3yMHO Aa H3MilCJrflT ear4H TaKbB 60r-, roriro Kapa xopara lla 6e3yMc_ TByBar. c-neA xaro ce ilocBerhJr B Mr4CTepHure Ha BaKXr4qecKh,
.L[nonuc,

Ho CKnn BbTIpeKI,I BcHtIKo ToBa cI,I I,I3B.bpIIHJI nocBeuleHneTo. CKI,ITHTe

nu Ka3ar: ,,BHe

60n.br Hu 3aBra-

JIHHI'IB'tBBCqKOApyroOTHOuIeHI4e,I]bKHnpHHaCtJIXepTBaHa

6oroeere cnopeA erHHcKr{Te o6u.lan. Karo npexapBaJl TaM Meceq }t noBeqe, oTHBaJr cn, KaTo 06rutrar IraK CKHTCKOTO Cl,I O6IeKJrIO. TOea
Bbprxen qecTo, rIa,K I,r )t(r,rJlr{tue cH cbfpaAH.]I B BOpncTeH H aoBeJl B HeFo TaMo[rHa )KeHa. Ho nosexe Tpq6Bano aa My c cryt114 HelUacTue, TO craHaro llo cJIeAHHfl IIOBOA. flOXelal rofr IIa 6lAe noceereH B Ml{crepnvre Ha BaKx[qecKl{fl AI{OHHC t4 TO(IHO' Koraro ulqr Aa npHeMe [ocBeuIeHHeTo, sBr,rJro ce HS66LTKHOBeHO 3HaMeHHe. lA1y1.an Tofi B rpaAa Ha oopHcreHuilTe roJIflM I'I cK'brlo yKpaceH trBopeq' 3a KofrTo npeAl'l

MaJrKo crroMeHax, 3ao6HKOJreH CbC CoHHKCOBe H rpI4ooHI'I OT 6fJI MpaMOp. B Hefo 6()r xB.bprHn orHeHaTa cn cTpe,'ra 14 T()fr usropf,I HaIIbJIHo,

3aIrOBtIaJI sa frounr.iUnTe,Ita OTlrnyBaT rro f]gura 3a peKa Vlcr.sp,a KaTo cr[rHar roraM, ,[a rrocTpo'T Mocr Ha,rI peKara H ]la ro rtaKar; Q,rorara BOAeTH itoHuirtlu, e0.{?flZult H xeJrecnoHTurttlu. L4 rril, Karo Mr,rHaJra norpafr KuaneHre, Qlorara orrr,ryBana npaBo xlna I4crrp u oT Mopero Harope nnyBana ou1e rBa ,[Hr,t nr,T rro peKara. Ha rqcHoro Mrcro, KbAero peKara ce pa3aenr Ha pbKaBr,t, Trr nocrpotrJra Mocr. \apnfi rlbK Karo rrpeMrHan EocQopa no xopa6uHr MOcr, TpbrHaJr rrpe: Tparuq 14 Karo cru_fHaJr flnp]r r43Bopr.tre Ha peKa Teap, npecrorn Ha cTaHTpn \Hn. [V,92. Orryrca p,apuil.uocrr{rHarr apyiu p"*o, Ha HMe Aprerc, Kolr() Tetle npe3 3eMflTa Ha ollpl4cr'rre; Karo Ilourl,,r flpn Herr, HililpuHl.rJr
15

IV, tl9. Karo naaapur Maulporr n, !,apnfr rpeMuHar e Eepona n

14

BCeKLT BofrcneaHoro: noKa3an e,[HO Mflcro Ha BoilcKara H 3anoBflAaJl roga soficH3Bbprrll'trta Karo KaMbK' HHK, MHHaB anKl., I\axB'bpnt,t raM

Kara, ocraBnJI TaM noJleMu x'bJtMoBe

IIO-HATATbK.

or

KaM'bHI4 H TpbrHaJI c

eoficxara

IV, 93. ftpenn Aa crnrHe lAcrtp, ItoKopflBa Hafr-uanpeu rernTe' rpaxniluute o'r-calunAec' KOT4TO BqpBar r 6*cr.',rtprl4ero cH, 3auoro
Koltro )KI4Belr HalI rpa,[oBere AnoroHnq n Mecevr6pur''T.tilt
HapeqeH14-

a aonoHKr4Te, KoHTo r.o noBHKaJr14, ro HanpaBrr,ru cgoft EH,lfrtJHali-uarrpeA rofr nperpaAr,iJr c'bc creHa rrpoBJraKa ua XepcoHec or rpaUa KapnHfl Ao fIa KTI4 f ,3a Aa He MoraT Berre ancr,rHT uvre \a HaxJryBar B Ta3H o6lacr v \a fl oflycrorxaBar. Illapnuara Ha [poBnaKa uMa Tpruecer H r.lecr cralrnr, a a'bJrxr4Hara Ha uenrlfl XepcoHec orcaM IrpoBnaKa e rleTupt{cToTr,{H H ABaAeCeT Cra!'Utl.

crpaHara,

rer.

a rrbK rerure' Te KilpHMI4aHu H Hl{llce[,6e:6oil ce [peAaJIH Ha 'flapnft' Te ca noxopesu' 6unn BetrHara Kor.rro 6e:yuno ce llporl4BotlocraBHJIH, Knre' rpa n a fr -xpa6pr.r r ua fr -cnpaeelul lI BI4 or ftf, fa. Bcu'lxu rpaloBe Ha Xepconec, c H3KJIK)qeHne Ha KapAlu' Haa rHfl tpa6u,rn noropeHn or Qr'ttrraruafunre' .[l'ororaaa BJIacrByBan Mnlruaa' BJIacr Ta3H C'r'ecarop' Ha cI4H sa KraSIL, BHyK Aose

Mnrruaa, cfiHHaKnncel,clIeqeJIHJIno-paHoIIocJIeAHI4flHaqHH'XepcoHec Bt'B sofrHa or o6uraearn aoJIoHKI'rre, rparufrcro nreMe; np[TecHflBaHH npetrcKanoJlyqar 3a \a r arrcl,rHTrl,tre, Te IIparuJI14 uapere cr'r .flenQrl, cH B crpaHara 3aBeaar La 3aHr4e 3a eoftHara . flutun I4M orroBopvila cJIeA nocTl4' Ha [oKaHfi rI4 Ilp.bB x0ilro KaTo ()cHoBaTen Ha KoJloHI,t' 1lo3t,t, KaroHaIIycHarxpaMa.,[,orourureceBp'buarnllocBelueHxr['br' ,,p"a Oorn:ra n Eeorul; noHe)Ke aoryK Hl'txofr He rI4 *ofto "on, troKaHHJI, orllpaBI'tJtlI ce KbM Aruga' flnsncrpar' VI, 35. Toraea s ArlIHa uflJlara BJIacr 6nra s pbuere ua eAI,tH AoM' oT KnnceJI, Ha cHH Ho c BnH'HHe ce non3yBal n MnlrnaA' nponsxo)KAan roft [paaeAl4 r{erupn no KoHq; AaneqHH xoilro H3,tl'bpxan

Orxarro yN,rprn, xepcoHecunTe Mv rrpr,tHacflT )KeprBH Karo Ha ocHoBaTen 14 ycrp0r,isar xOHHl.t 14 rr4MHacrr4qecKn ct,cre3aHI,tr, B KoHTo ultxofr JraMrrcaKneu He Moxe tra yrracrByBa. Br,e soi.iHa 3aruHaJr u Crecar-op, ct,uo 5e:AereH, Karo 6n,n ytapen B npHTaHerra c 6panna B rJraBara or qoBeK, xoriro ce rrpelcrar]ur ga 6eueq, a Bc.burHocr 6ul Heroe Haii-gt,,r Bpar.
V[, 39. Crel cvrprra Ha Crecarop flusucrparnntTe r43nparnJrn cns Ma,rtnal, 6par Ha yMpenr4q Crecarop, c eaHa Tpffepa e Xepcouec, 3a [a r]oeMe yrrpaBneHhero. fI u:rcrparflJraTe u a Arr4Ha ce orHacfl,rrn lil6pe c Hefo Karo (re,'r14 Hr4KaK ue 6nnn BT4HOBHH 3a cMl,prra sa 6aua My, 3a Korro rqe pa3Ka)Ka Ha Apyr-o Mr{cTo B Moqra vcropvr.. Karo c'nurua,l Xepcouec, Mnrruar He u3nfi3an or K.btrrr4, ora:gafrxu TaKa rtecT Ha yr\,Ipe,IHfl fla 6par Crecarop. Karo .rylu 3a Tc)Ba, 3HaTHr4Te xepcc)Hecr{rl ce cr6paru or BcrKr,ae H AotuJrH BKyr.loM, 3a Aa My H3Ka)Kar cBoero cr6ore:Hosauue, o6a.re MnlruaA 3anoBrAaJr Aa rr,t Br,p)Kar. Tara rofr 3aBr'ratrrn Xepcouec u no,[Aa,pxan nercrornH HaeMHnrrr,r;
KHN,roHt-lsr4r

VI, 38. CreA roea rofr yvrpxr 6esAereu, Karo ocraBr4r Bnacrra r,r 6orarcreoro cr{ Ha Crecarop, o4H Ha eauoyrpo6uAfl My 6par Kr,ruon.

orEaxorEnnua,ano6rnsrvrecn6:,z"l.atuns*tl'IH;np'bBcraHaJI Iul rlft' MurnaA ceAqr arnHflHHH or ro3I'I Uorvr Onnefi, CI,IH Ha Eanr'
IIpeABpaTaTaHaKbluaTacHKaTo3a6ena:al,qeMI,IHaBaTAoJIoHKt{TeB

o)KeHr,rn ce sa XerecLrtvtra,

uy*n"itpo"so o6leruto vr BbopbxeHH c Konnq' noBuKaJl rn; Karo ce u np"6nnxruu, IIpeuIox(l4JI HM tlollcJloH I'r yrolueHne' Te tlpnelu
HarocTeHI4MyOTKpI{nHuqIoTOnpeAcKa3aHHe14cJreAToBaroMoJIeInlla

W, 126. Ho cau Aprcrarop HacrorBaJr safr-l.troro Aa ornAe B Mnprcnu. Tara rofr ilpe,uan Mnler Ha flnrarop, erHH oT BH.[Hure
Orryr npearrpuer floxoA ra 6un noryoeH or rpaKr4Te, r,r caM u eoiicrara uy. Tora craHaJro npu o6cauara Ha eAuH rpall, Kor-aro TpaKHTe HCKaJtH ,ua Ce oTTefnrT crlopeA cKJuOrteHUr AOTOBOp. VII, I10. Toea ca [phMopcKr4Te eJluHcKH rpaAoBe, KOr4To orMnHaJr Kceprc, Karo rr4 ocraBnJr orrqBara cH crpaHa; a rpaxnfrcrcHTe nJleMeHa, [pe3 rr[rITo 3eMt tIpeMHHaJr, ca cneaHHTe: nerr4, KHKOHH,6ncroHv,t, caner4, \epcen, eAoHr4, carpvr. Eauu or rqx, KoI4To xnBeflT ttpn Mopero,
or[paBr4Jr.

Ar,uepr Ha rparufrcKr4rr uap Onop.

rpaxlraHH, a caN.{, Karo B3en crc ce6e cv BcLl\lKLl, Kor{To HcKaJII,t Aa fo rrpr4apy)Kar, ornJryBaJr :a TpaxHa r,r aocrurHaJr Mgcroro, KlM Koero ce

rrocJlyua 3a[oBeara ua 6ora' Karo 'ly'r tora' MulrnaA

HcKaJr !.a

BeAHara ce

roii,

cbrJlacI4JI'noHe)Kege6ulAoB0neHoTynpaBJIeHI4eToHaflu:ncrparn opaKyJla Jlarn ce MaxHe. BeAuara lrpar?{n r.[,enQn, 3a Aa flnra

Aa u3nbJIHH )KenaHI{eTo Ha IloJloHKUTe' Knncen V[, 36. Koraro llnrns' My 3anoBflAana cblr'loro' cl4Hbr sa OrnMe qerBopKa KoJlecHhua c Mnlruan., xofrro [o-paHo no6eAul lla xeJlaenh KoHTo arlr.HflHl nnfrcxnre Krpl'r, B3en clc ce6e cn BcI4tlKl4

'

IrocJretrBaJrr4

ua xopa6n Kceprc;

Bcr,r(rKM

yqacTByBaTBIIOXOAa14oTIIJIyBaJI3ae[H0cAoJIOHKI4Te;rofi3aB3eJI
16

BT,TpeuHocrra v ca n:6poeun Berte

or

.rlpyrn, i<orrro xHBerr

Br,B

MeHe, 6unra npunyAeHta Aa ro

1.7

[ocJreABar IIo cyua, c r43KrloqeHHe Ha carpure. VII, lll. Carpure, aoKoJlKoro HI'I e I{3BecrHo, oure

se ca 6umt

rrOKOpeHH OT HI{KOpO; CaMO Te Or TpaKnTe Ca 3ana3l4n}I CeO6OAara CH AO [eH AHeIIIeH' noHexe )KuBegT IIo B}tcoKI,l I1JIaH4HI4, 1OKpI,ITH c pa3Hoo6. pa3Hr4 r'opl4 H CHflr, t4 ca BofrHcrBeHI'I' Te BnaAeflT [pophqarHluero Ha

!,nouuc, Koero ce HaMl4pa Ha Hafi-BucoKara ilJIaHHHa; Karo [popl4uarent{ Ha cBeTi,Inqluero cJlyxar 6ecure, eaHo IIJISMS or carpl4Te; HMa xpHua, Koaro AaBa orroBopure, KaKTo r.[enQn, Apyto Heulo oco6eHo
TyK HflMa.

I 16. B rosa BpeMe qapflr Ha 6ncanruTe H Ha KpecToHCKara 3eMt H3B'bprrrr4n cTparrrHo Aero; Tofr 6nl ra3al, qe AofipoBoJIHO HtMa Aa ce nOKOpr4 Ha KCepKC fi Ce OTTeFJIHJI B nJIaHHHaTa POAOlta, a Ha CHHOBSTe

vII,

cH 3t6paH'n ,,a orr4A,ar Ha BofiHa

fipor'B ElaAa. Ho re Karo

He

o6tpganu BHHMaHT{e Ha ToBa HJrr,r, MOXe 6n, noxelalH.u,a BHATT BOfiHa, TpbFHanu Ha noxoA 3aeLHO C flepcr,rTe. Koraro BcHt{KH Ce BbpHanl{ y BHHa HM AOMa 3,[paB A V LtvTaBvt - Te 6vlt4 r.r]ecTuMa - 6aura vM 3A TAfl
v3F,ALfiIt oril{Te. Tona

uu 6Hro slsve3[I4ero'
Bofr

TVKI4ALI A,,,Wcr opvrt' Ha flen oroHecKara (ontrcucume no UTM)

Ha"

o6nraaala oT TpaKHTe. B ra:u crpaHa )KeHr4Te u3BbprxnJrr,t r,r3BecrHoro Aeno c Wrnc; MHo3nHa noeTr4, KaTO [OMeHyBaT CJraBer, HapHqar rO AaBnHiicKa nrnua. I4 npasaorroAo6Ho e, qe naHAHoH 3apaAr4 B3arrMHa iloMoul, oMb)Kun abulepq cn Ha6Jrr{3o y Qoxuaur,rre, a He y oApltcHTe, Kouro ca aaJrert orraM Ha HrKoJ'IKo AHH nT,T. A nt'r Tepec, rofrro Hqlua Aopt4 c'Luoro hMe, 6n,r ntprnar Mor.rleH qap Ha olpncr4Te. Cnua vry Curalr aruHrHVTe npr{BJreKna 3a c.bIo3HHK, 3a \a I4M uoMoFHe Aa rrpeB3eMar rpaAoBere no rpaxufrcrcwz 6pnr v La HarBlarr fleparaxa. HnvQoaop trorxbJr B ArHHa, cKJrlorrr4Jr cr,ro3 cbc Curalr 14 HaKapaJr arurflHlaTe aa Aaaar Ha cnHa vy Caaor rpa)KAaHcKo rrpaBo. Tofr ce uaen Aa npHBl,put4 BonHATa r TparHt, r<aro y6equ:r Curalr aa npaTH Ha arvHfl.Hl{Te rparnfrcra eofrcra or KoHHHuH H rreJrracrr4. Tofi norr,rupnl u llepanra c aruHxHVTe, Karo y6enul nocnelHfiTe Ila My Br,pHar Teprura. BeAuara cnea roBa flepaura [peAnpr4en c rflx t4 c @opr,rnon noxo,u nporuB xaJrKr4AuHTe. Tara rparcuitcruar uap CHTaJTK, cl.tHbr Ha Tepec, u MaKeroHcKr.rqr uap I-lepuuxa, cr4Ha,T ua ArexcanAr,p, craHaJrr,l
aTnHcKIl
CbK)3H14UH.

o6qo c Tepefi, KofrTo 6nn xeHes 3a arHHflHKa flpoxua, A.bulepr ua flaslnoH; Te He rrpou3xo)KAaJrn or cbulara Tpaxrar. E\uuusr or rflx, Tepefi, )KrrBflJr a,[,aaluAa, B 3eMrra, Koqro cera ce Hapnqa Oorula il Korro roraBa ce

TpaKr4Te ca He3aBHcl,rMH.'Tor Tepec HqMa Hr,rrqo

I,

100. I4:eecrHo BpeMe cnea roBa ce orMerHanl'I Tacocur'l' Karo ce

cKaparl,t

T.bp)KHtua, Kol.tT0 r,r3non3yBaJrH. ATuHTHHTe ce oTnpaB[Itu c Qnora npbtr" Tacocqu, no6eAnlu ru B MopcKa 6urra 14 cre3JIH Ha ocrpoBa. B Cb1qOTO BpeMe H3IIpaTI,Inn Xlu Crpraru6H AeCeT xvrJrflp.V KOJIOHIICTII'

arHHfHHTe 3apaAH pa3rlono)KeHrTe B HacpeulHa Tparnx

cBoHcbrpa)K]IaHl,t14ct,K)3Huul,t'3a!,acenoceJlqTBMecTHocTTa,KoflTo ToraBa ce HapHqana ,,Aeger fI'l,THUIa", a cera ArurQnnoluc, A 6l4ra B pl,UeTe Ha eAOHI4Te. Te :ar3eltn MeCTHOCTTa, HO KOTaTO IIpOHLIKBaII'I HaBbTpe B TpaKHrr, 6wnu yuuulox(eH!{ Bcr,rrrKI,I [pLI eAOHCKOTO CeJIO
,[pa6eCX OT TpaKuTe, KOHTO He ruleAaJln npLIflTenCKH ocHoBaHo B MecrHocrra ,,,u,eBer llbrl'Iua(. Ilr29.ctuoro rqTo aTHHfHr,rTe Ha3HarrnJrr{ 3a cBoft [poKceH a6Aepeua HnrvrQoaop, cr4H Ha l-lr-{Tefi, qtrflTo cecTpa 6nna xeHesa 3a cHTanK r4 KOfrTO nMaI TOIqMO BJII4tIHue IIpeA HerO. ArunqHute nO-paHO rO gwaTAr7-gAHeIIpI{flTeJI, a Cera rO 1OBI{KaJIu B ATIHa, IIOHexe HCKArry4AA
Ha IIOCeJII{qeTO,

Ha ca,[roro nflTo Kopr,rHTerrbr Apucrei,t, raKeAeMoHcupareunqu Auepncr, Huxolafr u l-Iparoaeu, Tnvarop or Tareq u apruBerrbr flornc (nocle,qHnar nbryBan c rqx rto qacrHa pa6ora), Kouro orr{Banr4 e Asnq npw nepcuficKr,rfl rrap, 3a Aa ce orrr4Tar HrKaK cpr Aa I'o y6elnr aa HM noMorHe c napu n Aa BoHJBar 3aeAHo c Tflx, ce or6nsar no-Ha[peA rrpu Cn.ralx, cuHa ua Tepec, n Tpaxnr,3a Aa ro y6eAar, aKo e Bb3MoxHo, Aa ce oTKa)Ke or cblo3a cr4 c arnHqH:lrTe v \a nparn eolicxa xtu floruAer, KoflTo 6u.na o6caaeHa or arHHcKa eoficxa; Kr4Te

II,67. B xpaa

cKnroqar cblo3 c rpaKnfrcKvlt uap curanK' crtT Ha Tepec' Ton Tepec, 6aura sa Cnralr, rtpl,B ocHoBan o6trlllpHoro uapcrBo Ha oIIpt4cHTe' qacT OT KOeTO 3aeJro rro-fonrrMaTa qacT oT Tparun; Ho I,t foJlflMa
18 {r'

A C.I)UIO N AA VII|/ TIOMOIHE H B IIPEACTOqIIIOTO TIbTYBAHC AA IPEMI,IHAT Xe-necnosra,3a Aa orr{Ilar npu Qapuar, ct4la na @apHa6a3, KofrTo lrrqr Aa ril npeIIparvnpruapfl. Cnyqafiuonpu Cnra.nxce HaMlrpaJrr{ arnHcKtr rrpareH14uH -Jleapi, cHH Ha Kalnlrax, n AuusnaA, cr,rH Ha @uleruron. Te y6e\unw Clrra,qxoenq cHH CaAoK, KofiTo craHaJr arn:acrr rpax,uaHuH, AA nM npela.[e [paTeHr4rlr4Te, 3a Aa He OTHAaT npn qapfl v TaKa Aa He HAHECAT, AOKONKOTO MOTAT BPEAA HA HE|OBHq rPAA. TOfr rH NOCJIYIIIAJI I,I n3rparnn xopa 3aellHo c Jleapx u Av.uuna1, Ha Kor,rro 3a[oBrAan Aa rr.r xBaHaT no rrbTr r,rM npe3 Tparcun, npeAH o[Ie Aa ce KaqaT ua ropa6a, c

19

KofiTo uleJrr4 Aa MI4Har Xenecnosta, n \a rn npeAaAar ua Jleapx n AuusuaA. Te nu B3eJIH H rI4 3aKapaJIH B Aruna. Koraro crHrHaJIH, arvrillurece no6oxln Aa se 6uApucreft Aa ng6sra A \a vM Ha[aKocrH orue floBeqe, rtft xato 6nlo Rruo, qe IIo-paHo roft ycrpon:r rafino
BCfiqKO s flOrraAeq

uTparcw

H 3aTOBa OuIe CbUIl.Ifl AeH

rI4

y6ntn

BCurIKl4

r{ ru 3axBbpJlI,lJIlI B flly,ATa, 6eg aa rI4 ca'Atr u H3CJIyuar roBa' Koero

ljCKANIl AA KA)KAT.

II, 95. Oxono c'buloro BpeMe, B Haqanoro Ha rafl 3HMa' oApnceubr Cnral<, cr4Hr,T ua Tepec, rparnfrcruar uap, ce orIrpaBHJI Ha noxo'q'
rrporHB xanKuAIlHTe Ha rparnfrcKara rpaHI'Iua u ro, 3a Aa noJIyqH ToBa' [lo My 6uno o6eulaHo I{ Aa n3nbnHl4 caM cBoero o6euaHHe. I4veHHo

flepnraxa B HaqaJIOTO Ha BOfrHaTa, KOTaTO Ce HaMI4paJI B 3aTpyAHeHue' rtay 6ul Aan HflKaKBo o6euraune, aKo ro rIoMHprI c aruHtHllTe H He noMafa ua 6par uy onlnn, xofrro r.'ry 6r'rn Herlpntren' Aa ce Katln Ha MaKeAoHcKrrfl fipecTon; Tr4r o6euauna flepauKa orue He r4cKaJI Aa l,r3rrbnHH. A ntx Curalx Ce Haen [peA aT[HttHI4Te npu CKJIIOqBaHeTo Ha cr,ro3a c Trx IIa rypr,r xpafi Ha xanKh.qcKaTa BOfrHa ilo TpaKllfrcKaTa rpaHr{ua. I-lopanr,r rvfl LBe Heua npennpue,r rofr fioxoaa' B KofT() ro
flpr,rAppKaBalu QnlnnoBt4flT Cl1.H AVruHTa,3a Aa 61,tre KaqeH Ha MaKe.u.oHcKHfl flpecTon, H aTHHCKI4Te nocnaHl,IqH, KOHTO 6nln npu Hefo lto rua pa6oru 3aeAHo c rlbJr KoBoAerla XaruoH, a v aT;y.HflH6re rpr6aalo aa
ce ornpaBsr c Kopa6[ u c fonqMa BoficKa cpeuy xanKI'IAII]ITe. 96. Koraro noTerrqn oT oAptrcKaT a 3ewfl, nOBr4KaJr nOA OplXUe nafiHa[peA xuByr]IHTe Me)KAy Xer'lyc u PoAonure TpaKH, HaA KOHTO BJIaCTByBan qaK Ao MopeTO (nveHHO Lo EBKcuHcKHt noHT 14 Ao XenegnoHTa); nocne rernTe oTBbA Xevyc rr ApyruTe rrJreMeHa, KoHTO XHBeeJIH oTcaM pera tr4crrp, [o-6nH3o AO EBKCnHCKT4q noHT. fernre u ApyrnTe
rrJreMeHa rro TOfl

ruHoro rroKaqHJr JlaHbrIHTe), aocrr4raJrH llo qernpr4crorr,rH TanaHTa B napw n ce [JrauranH B 3Jraro u cpe6po. He no-uarro 3Jraro ra cpe6po ce notrHacflJro r,r BT,B <fOprraa Ha rroaapbrln, 6e: Aa cMrraMe rxapeHMTe H rrpocru{ flnaroBe w \pytvt eeufi. I-loaaptqu ce noaHacrnn He caMo Ha qapq, Ho H Ha ylpaBr4TeJrr4Te r,r 6raropoAHHTe OApHCh. B roea oTHOr.xeHHe re cJreaBaJrlr o6nvafr, [pornBorroJro)KeH Ha OHq B nepcnfrcrara
a'bpxaBa: r4MeHHO nOBerre Aa B3eMar, orKoJrKoro aa laaar (y nepcr,rre ce cqr4TaJro 3a CpaMHO tra orxB'bpJrplrx HrKoMy npoc6ara, orKonKoro ra noJryrl 1411 0TKa3 0r lpyrr,rro). Toa o6u.ra fi 6un s cur a Hso6uo y rpa Kr,rre,

BapBapcKr4 Hapo[r4 H oT fpr,rlKr4Te r-paAoBe, HaA KOHTO OApl,tcr4Te Bnac_ TByBaJrr4 B'bB BpeMerr) Ha Ceer (rodr.o uapyBar cleA n uar7_

Koqro u3Bupa or cbruara [JraHuHa, or KbAero H3BHpa Hecr u Xe6tp. Tas nnaunua e Heo6HTaeMa, roJrrMa u e cBbp3aHa cpoloflr,rre. :,97. OupncKoro uapcrBo ce rpocrr.rparo noxpafr Mopero or rpaa A6aepa rrNa EsrcnlrcKr4r rroHT.uo ycr,ero ra pe*i r/,cr.op.Taa 6perbea nuHura Mo)Ke Aa ce o6uxoru c roBapeH xopa6 no Hafr_xrchq flbr B .{ervp[ \HLl vl tleTI4pH HotqH' aKo Bee rtocroflHHo nofl'breH Br{Tr,p; no cyxo o6a.re uafi-npayun rrbr or A6aepa Ao t{crbp H3BbpBqBa ab6tp neruexojleu 3a ettr{Haaecer,rHr.t. Taroea e npocrpaHcrBoro Ha uapcrBo_ TO OTK'bM Mopero. Haerrpe B crpaHara pa3c:roqHuero or BHgasrrion.qo JIeeHTe n lo Crpnvou (rblero e uafr-orAaleqeHara roqKa or rrlopero) ce B3HMa OT AO6bp fleuexoAerr 3a rpv HaAecer AHr4. .[asruure oT BCATTKH

crpaHara ua rpu6a,rnre, Kol4To Ca'ilro ca He3aB VrCVrMkl,BJIaAeHl,rflTa My ce OTPAHH(IABAJIH OT TPEPI,TTE H TNTATEUTE. TlaN IOCNEAHI4TE xi]yIBEflT HA ceBep oT rrJraHr4HaTa croN,r6tp H Ha 3arraA aocTr4raT ]lO peKa ocrcufi,

Cnralr

s PoAonute. EAHII OT TflX y6egun, Karo HM O6eUran 3arrJraTa, a ApyrH ro rrocJreABanr,r Ao6poBonHo. ocBeH ToBa claralr

CA Ct'aep.t4 Ha CKHTnTe I,r Ca BbOpbN(eHH KaTo Ttx: BCHTTKI,I Ca KOHHH CTpenIII4. flOs?rxal 14 MHO3LIHa OT nJIaHHHCKI{Te He3aBHclIMH TpaKu' Ko}tTo ca MeqoHocul4 l,I ce Hap[qaT AI,In: noBeqeTo

Kplil

uapcrBo 6nlo sail-roJrrMo ro pa3Mepa Ha cBor4Te trptrxoAn H Apyrure 6<rrarcraa; aJra no BoeHHara cH ct4ra u r{Hc,,reHocrra Ha BofrcKara cror4

or Hero ttopaAH Mor.ltHocrra cu,Tt rt Hr4ulo 6ea noaaptun; 3a roBa IlapcrBoTo r{M AocrnrHano ao FonflMa Morrr. Or abpx(aBr4Te e Eapona, Kor4TO ce HaMupar Me)qy illouuircxns3aJrHB H EexiuHcxnr llour, rona qe y rqx He MorJro

Ho olpl'lcl'ITe ce nor3yBa"ll{ noBetle

[a ce H3B-bprxr4

or rflx

)KlrBeflT.

noBAHfHan h atpl/laPll/lTe, JIeeHTe H ApyrI{Te HeMy IoABJIACTIdvt neoHcKl't nJreMeHa. Te 6nln KpafiHure HapoAI'I B AbpxaBara My, Tbfr Karo rt ce pa3rrpocTr4paJra AoneenTe r,r neoHrnTe r4 peKaTa crpnvoH, KoaTo v3Br['pa oT nJraHr,rHaTa cKoM6bp r'r Teqe npe3 cTpaHaTa Ha atpnaHllTe I,I 1eevTe'

soficrara cu. Koraro

MHOrO no-Ha3aA OT rlapcrBoTo Ha cKr4TnTe. 98. W rti'r Curanr, BnaAereJr Ha roJrKoBa rorqMa crpaHa, rrpnrorBr,rJr
Bcr.{rrKo

KbAeTo ce 3anoqBa Beqe o6nacTTa Ha He3aBHCr,tMl,lTe neoHll. KbM

3eMt' Ha'[tcHo

HHs' MHHaJT Uafr-xanpel npe: co6creeHaracn 3eMfl, rrocJre npe: Keprr,rue, neo6nraeMa nJraHraHa Mex,qy cr,rHTHTe H neoHHTe. Tau ntpenl no cr,ulHq nrr, xofiro flo-paHo caM cI{ npo6r,rl B noxoaa cpeuy [eoHHTe, Karo r43cqKbJr fopara. KaTo rrauuaBanv nnra{uHara orKbM Ollp?rcKara
UMaJIH [eoHHTe, a HaJItBo c[HTI4Te 21

6uro roroeo, TpbrHaJr nporurManego-

u!{ervre; Koraro t

20

fs

npeMHHanH, crI,IrHaJIu B neoHcKnq rpaAAo6ep. Bte rpeue Ha noxoAa cll rofr He ra:ry$r,rn HHKaKBa qacT oT soilcrara cn (oceeH KOJIKOTO I,I3MpeJIU

BOIOBAJI,

or 6olecru),

Karo MHo3HHa or He3aBI4cHMHte tpa*", 6e3 Aa rl't noKaHn, ro [ocJIeABa rv3apa16 rpa6ex; KaKTo ce pa3Ka3Ba, urJlaTa uy eoficra se 6ula [o-ManKa oT cTo H neTAeCeT xnrfl1i1Ayr1l4. flo-rOlnvara rIaCT OT Hefl 6nna nexOra, [pH6qaCT Jlr,t3r4TeJrHO eAHa TpeTa 6ula x6nuuqa, OT KotTO nO-rOIIaMaTa HafrnexoraTz or AOCTaBTJTLT caMr,rTe oApt4cq tr cJreA Trrx reTHTe. POtrOnHOT BOfi HCTBeHLt 6wtn seZaswgI,IMuTe MeqOHOCIIU, KOnTO CJIe3JI14 Te; OCTaHaJIaTa qaCT 6nla CueCeHa T3JIIIa CTpaIIIHa CaMO C MHO)KecTBOHo uanport'IB Tn ce yBengql'rna,
TO Cr4.

rtrt

Hacra'nBaulara rorqMa BoftcKa, orapt'fiHanl'I ce B yKpeneHgTe Mecra H 6HnH B rpaAoBere, Korlro ce HaMI4panLI B crpaHara. B roBa BpeMe re He Apxelafr' MHOro, Ho [o-K-bcHo, KOTaTO CTaHan Uap cr4H'bT Ha flep.lll4Ka TOft C,brpa.u.nJr yKpenneHnrTa, KonTo cbrqecrByBaT B CTpaHaTa' npoKapaJr rpaBl,r fibrr4lua u ypellplJl OCTaHaJIure BoeHHh pa6oTH: noao6pun KOHHHUaTa, op'b)KHero H Apyrl',rre rorpe6Hocrl{ 3a BOfrHa' TOfi HanpaBr4Jr noBeqe, oTKOJIKOTO OCeM Uape [peAH Hero. Bofrcxara Ha rpaKHTe HaxJlyna or Ao6ep Hafr-HanpeA B Mecrara,

lfi). flonexe

MaKeAoHHTe He MorJru lla ce cbnpoTHBntBaT

cpeuy

noAapbur4, H3rrparnJt rtacr or eofrcxara cu flpornB xaJrKr4AuraTe 14 6r>rwevrre, [pnHyAt4Jr fr4 lla ce orrerJrflT 3atr creHr,tre H onycrorxriJr crpaHara nu. .[oraro ce HaMHpan B Tr4q Mecra, recalufiunTe, KoHTo xuBeeJrra Ha lor, ManHerure v apyrn rroaaHuur4 sa recanuitrJnre, t4 rT,puHTe qaK AO TepuonlrrnTe ce yrrrauHn],1- D,a He oTHAe rOilCXara u flporr4B Tqx r4 ce npHrorBqn14. vnlarunlr ce 14 ceBepH:/lTerpaKu,orBbA Crpuvtc'lu, KoHTo o6hra e a,.l 14 pa B H H H r,rre: naHe nre, oloMa HT]tre, apou Te' Aepcenre; Te BcltrrKH ca caMocroflTenHu. 14 y rtpuure, Kor{To 6uJil,t B'bB BoilHa c arrHflHure, Curanx Bb36yAHJr crpax: re ce 6oflnu, Aa He 6u Aa HanaAHe h rqx. Ho Cnralr A'bp)KaJr Xarxuarra, Boruet n MareAoHI/,fl U tU

H KOIATO ATNHflHIi.TE HC trOIUJ'IH C TOPA6UTC CI4, IIOHE)KC,HE BapBailil, rre cr4TanK rrlrJr Aa .(ofr.qe, 14 My H3lrparfiJrn nocJraHr4rlr,r c

OnycrolxaBal. Karo
H

Koero
JIa

6nl Aourtl,

or 3HMara, 6utt npuyMaH or cear, cLrH HacnapaAox, rofiro rury 6rar 6paror cnt n Han-slurreneH cneA caMl.tfl Hero, IIa ce 3aBbpHe no-6.bp3o. Ceer 6raJr cnerreJreH railHo or flepaura, xofrto r,,ry o6eura,,r cecrpa cA u orrope Ha roBa r{ rrapH. cnra,rr [ocJreaBa,'r c'bBera r*ay ra 6rp:c) ce BbpHaJr
Y,IIOMA C BOfrCKATA CN CNEA EAI,IH TIOXOA OT TPUAECET IIHH, OT KOI4TO OCEM

He MorbJr .[a [ocrHfHe Hhr.uo or oHoBa, 3a BofrcKaTa My HfMaJra AocTaTbqHO xpaHa u cTpala-

KOHTO no-paHo o6pa:yaann uapcrBoro Ha Qulnn, n npeB3eJIa EftloueHe Hacr{Jra, a fopTr,rHr,rfl, Aralaura 11 Apyru HflKOLt MecTa ce npeAaJIH C

Ha CeBT, KaKTo

AOFOBOp

Onlun. flocle HaBJre3Jrtr r,r B ApyraTa qacT Ha MaxeAoHuq HanffBo oT flela n Knp' o6canHJIH c'btuo Eepon' Ho He MorJII4 Aa ro [peB3eMar' flocne HaBJIe3nn n B Apyrara qacr Ha MaxeAonuq HarflBo or flela n Knp. flo- H a BbTpe oT Tur MecTa Lo EoTr,ref vt fluepw He AOCTLITH aJI 14, HO onycrouraral n M nrAonux, f pecrouur H AHTeMyHr. Ma reAoHIaTe AopH
lr He MI,tcJIenn Aa I{M ce cb[poTHBIqBaT c IIexoTa' Ho IIOBHKaJII4 KOHHHUa

oT [pnqTercTBo KbM [pHcbcTByBnrrlral AlrnHTa, cLIHa Ha

orc'bIo3HHuilTecvBropHHTecrpaHl'r14cHefHanaAHaJII{tparufrcxara BoficKa, rAero 6uno Yqo6so: caMo qe BlIHaru 6nln uamo B cpaBHeHHe c Heilpr4qTencKaTa cr{na. KbAeTO HanaAanu, HIIKOfi He MOra'JI AA VM
ycToH Hacpeua floHex(e

ao6pu KoHHHUH n IIp]r ToBa c pI,I3HHqH; HO noHexe 6r,rnn o6xpuKaBaHg OT OfpoMHa MaCa, H3JIarAil;4 Ce Ha onacHOCT Cpeuy MHoFo no-ronqMa cr4na. 3aToBa Hafi-[ocJle npecTaHaJlH Aa

6utu

CE

CbNPOTIIBJISBAT, KATO BI{AEJIU, TIE HE MOTAT AA CE CPAXABAT YCNEIIIHO

cpeuy TaKOBa MHo3LIHcrBo' 101. Crararr 3aBeJI rtperoBopu c flepuxxa orHocHo roBa, 3a Koero
22
fti

Cprralr. IV, l0l. B ctura're AHu Koraro craBaJro cpa)KeHr4ero flpn .[eluou, yMpflJr n Cnrarx, qaprr Ha olprrcr4Te, B ear,rH floxoA nporrlB rpu6alnre, or KorlTo 6un no6eaeH s 6rarKa. Eparoennr My cr,rH Cerr, cnu Ha Cuapalor, ce Bb3uapr4Jr Haa oAp,care H Har ocraHarara Tpaxur, Korro 6ula noA BJracrra ua Cnranx. 102.8 cbuara:uua EpasuAac 3aeAHo c rpaKr4Te cbro3HHuH TpbrHaJr nporhB AvQunonuc, arlrHcKa KoJroHur npr,r Crpnr*,rou. flo-pauo oue Apucrparop or Mnler, Koraro 6qrar or uap \apnft, ce o[HTaJr tra KOJrOHH3npa MflCTOTO, Ka,AeTO e Cefa Tot FpaA, so 6al H3ropeH oT eAoHHTe. llocle, TpuAecer H ABe to.illrHr,I rro-KbcHo ) a aTvrHflHvtTe r,r3npaTI'IJIH Aecer xldntt!.A KonoHHcrI4 or cBoflTa cpeaa' A \pytlt, Kot4To rlo)KeJraJlH; Ho re 6wnu yHHruo)KeHH or rpaKHTe npr,r .[pa6ecx. W naK B ABAAECET N AEBETATA |OAI4HA CNEA TOBA ATVH'THATE ,IOIUJII4 TAM C XarHou, cuH Ha Hurwit, Karo uraBarap Ha KoJroHHcrHTe, H3rt)Hr,rJrr4 etroHHTe n 3acervnv roBa Mqcro, Koero no-paHo ce Hapr{qaro ,,,[eeer fitr'brr'rura". flpu roaa nlr'.aru3a onopHa roqKa Efrou, arHHcKoro npilMOp23

npeKapa,'r e Xa,'lrcraJlfira. flepanxa cJren roBa Jlar cecrpa cn Crparounra vy 6Hn o6erqa_n. Tara ce [pr,rB.bptxr4n r]oxoabr Ha

cKO TbpxHIIre Ha ycruero Ha Crp[MoH, orAaJletleHo aBaAecer 14 fler cra'.Jafl or Mrcroro Ha cefalxHHfi fpaa, rofrro XarHos HapeKr,n Ar''rQra-

Io6pe

3arr4Ba, a cbruo u

ce rpulKexa 3a MeH - HeuracrHHr - Karo 3a ltoroMr,K. Ho ruov Tpol Xexrop, n 6aurrlHoro orHu[Ie e pa3pyrxeHo, a cavr rofr

noJl4c, rroHexe peKara ro gao6uxa:rfl or aBere crpaHfi, a rlbK or apyrara crpaHa rofr ro 3arpaal4n c Abnla creHa or eAuHI4q p'bKaB Ha peKara .[o Apyrr4q; TaKa fpaabr ce BI)KAaJI OTAaJIeq 14 OTK'bM CyrXara' I't orK'bM Mopero. 107. Cleu rora TyruuHA ypeAHJI pa6ornre s EftoH TaKa, rle aKo Epa:nAac lrpelnpneMe HarraAeHHe 6nno eenllara, 6nlo Ito-Kr,cHo' rpa.ur,T Ila 6tue e 6eeclnacH0cr, H npuen raM Te3n, KOT4TO l'tcKanl,I Aa aofr,u.ar npn Hero or Ar"rQnnoJIHc, ca,rJlacHo aofoBopa. Epa:a,eac rtbK cnq3b.n HaAony ro peKara c MHoro xopa6n cpeuy EftclH c HaMepeHI4e Aa npeB3eMe. aK() Moxe, I43AaaeHufl Hanpea H3B'bH CTeHara K'bc 3eMfl,3a Aa
HMa B CBO!| pbUe Bxo.u,a orKbM peKaTa, cbueBpeMeHHO HafipaBHJI OIIHT ll llo cyxo, Ho H B aBara clytln" 6nl or6,llcHar' cre'Il Koero ce 3aJIoBHn aa rro.upeAl4 pa6orHreorono AlaQnno,rnc. A cre,q xaro flltrar' uapqr Ha eAOHHTe,

naaa uocerteH or cKBepHr4l cHH Ha Axr4.n, rrpr4r{TenflT 6auns nory6na 3apaxH 3Jraroro MeHe - HeluacrHr4r - 14, Karo ve y6nna, Me xBbpnrr B MopcKHTe BT,JrHr4, 3a ,Ila 3aabpxu rofr caM 3naroro B aoMa cu. 14 o6uxHoseHn ne)Ka Ha 6pera cpe,u MOpcKHTe Bl,JrHH, HoceH or MHOro IIpl,tIHBH t4 or"rrfiBu, Heo[!'raKaH, Hen0rpe6aH. Ho cera, 3apaAn Morra vrnra vafrxa Xexy6a 6rplau, n3ocraBnn rrrnoro cv, Tperv AeH Berre ce JrK)uKaN{; 3a rc)J'rKoBa BpeMe Knerara r.rn var,ixa or Tpoa flp?tcrr,tra B ta:n XepcoHecKa 3errls. Bcu.rxn axefrqn c ropa6ure cu crogr Helro[BH)KHI4 rrpH 6per0rere Ha ra3r4 TpaKr4frcra geN{'. 3auto.ro cr4Hr,T Ha fle;reli, AxH,'I, flBvlJt ce Hal rpo6a cH, Bt3rrr,rpa ufl,'lara ennHcKa solicxa, Hacoqnna Becna KbM roMa. A rori r4cKa Moqra cecrpa flolnxcena ga

xeprBa

H Aap Ha rpo6a cu 3a B3eMe. 428-430

6nn y6ur or cltHoBere Ha foarcuit n or HeroBara )KeHa 6paypo, KtM Hero ttpeMnHan u eaoHcKl4qr rpaA MuprHu H He MHoro C,tell TOBa u f a,renCt'lc U OliCur.ae. Te Ca raCclCrh KO!'IOHHH. BeAuara Clen
3aB3eMaHero ua AvQntIoJIttc ype)KAaHero Ha rvla pa6oru.

flrr.rrnxcclla:W 6par uu florl,tltt'lp, <clr.iro e npr.t KoHenro6uaure rparn (ua 6r'ee:apan)! Xexy6a: Aro sancrllHa e NHa! Ho se BrrpBaM: TaKa cT,M Heu.lacrHa
a3 BbB BCt4rtKo.

ce

sB:'z'n

n flepanra

14

B3en yqacrue

fftl.rrrrcelra: )Kae e H, Karo yr\.{peu, oqure ru rofr tue cKnolrr4.

6rJ

1-6rt2

EBPLIIIAD,, Xexy6a (ontxucunte no tr'lTt)

1,-41.

Xery6a: fopro MH, BH)KAaM Mr,prr,B cvla cv florugop, Kororo TpaKr4eubr cilacu B AOMa cil.
709-711

CRrrnara na llo.ltttltop: Ha utpreure noA3eMHoto o6urarlaule H Ha MpaKa ABepI4Te HanycHaJI' Kbaero Xaaec, AaJIeq ot 6orose )KnBee' v\a as - florr,IAop, cI,tH ua Xexy6a, Knceeeara llbluepg or 6aula flpr'rau. KOra'rO HMarrre OnaCHOCT, qe npaAa'T ua Qpurure tUe naAHe OT eII,THCKOTO Kour4e, rOfr CrparynAitxn Ce, rafrHO Me l{3npaTn OT TpO;IHCKATA3eqf B [OMa sa floluuecrop, TpaKHitcxus, cl',r focroflpneMeu' KofrTo 3acqBa fipeKpacHara XepconecKa paBHI4Ha h yflpaBJItlBa c Koflne xoHe,rrc6hs
HapOA. 14 C veu 6aUa ura n311paT6 CKpLItxOM MHOIO 3JIaTO, Ta aKO HflKOra naIIHe Kpe[OCTTa Ha rlht4OH,3a xlrBuTe My;1eqa Aa He HaCTaHeJIntrreHne B xnBora. As 6qx Hafr-vrrag:vflr or flpnauurnTe 14 3aroBa Me ornparll

Xrrp: Ho rol,i ro ey6nn? Moxeru nn cnopea cbHfl Aa raxeur? Xe xy6a: MoRr, Morrr rocrorrpneMeu, KoHHHKI,T TpaKHeu, [pr{ KoroTo, Karo ro cKpH, ro ocraBr4 crapr,rflT vy 6alra.
765-776

or crpaHara: 3alrroro HHT6 AocnexH, HHT6 Meq 6qx c[oco6eH ,11a Hocfl B MJraAe)KKa ptxa. 14 rtfr, aoxaro cH cTofxa Ha MflcTo cTeHHTe n 6txa HeBpeanMH Kynure ua. Tpoxxcxara 3eMfl, u Xerrop - Morr 6par rro6e)KlaBage C KO[neTO, npr TpaK14eUa, 6aulnsns TOCTOIIpHeMeU'
24

Ararrclrrrorr: Hnua ocBeH oHe3H cr4 poll[na H apyr ct,ru, xeuo? Xery6a: .[,a, uo H3r'Jre)KIla Ha[pa3Ho, Tc)roBa, Kororo BH)KAatu. Ararre lrnon: A rt:le e 6wn, Koraro tpall'br:arnearue? Xe xy6a: Saura My r-o orrrparr{, Karo ce 6oerue Aa He 3arnHe. Aranrenruorr: Krae ro [parr4, Karo ro oTreJ]H eAHHcrBeH or Aerrara cn roraea? Xcxy6a: B ra:n crpaHa, B Korro 6erue Harr,lepeH r\lbpr.bB. Anancnnrou: flpn rtoBeKa ,rn, xofrro Bxalee ra3r,r crpaHa - flornuecrop? Xexy6a: Tartl 6erue H3[pareH, 3a aa [a3r,t 3JroruacrHoro 3naro.
25

Aranenuolr: Or qnq pbKa 3arnHa H or KaKBa yqacr e cilo,rerqH? Xexy6a: Or qnq rpyra? focronpnenaeu'br rpaKueu ro nory6u. AralreltloH: fopruxr! Huva (onen) e HcKaJI ,ua B3eMe sraroro? Xexy6a: Taxa e, cnea Karo Hayqfir 3a Heluacrltero Ha Qpnrnre.
850-863

Tparcua, BA'bxHoBeH ot Apec! Ox, axefruH, ox, ArpuAu, noMolq, noMolq' BIIKaM 3a noMo[l: enare, eJlare, B HMero Ha 6oroeere!
1.1,38-L744

Aranrenrrolr: A3 xarq re6 n rBot cuH 14 yqacrra rn, Xexy6a, n pr,Kara Moneua. Vl ucxav.3apaAn 6ol'oeere v 3apa4n cnpaBeAnI,IBocrra HertecrlrBr4rr rry)KAeHerl Aa floryqg B'b3Me3Ar4e or re6. Ho, aro HflKaK craHe scHo, rre e 3a rBoe 6raro, ue 6nx [cKaJI Ila u3nle)rgla npeA noficrara, qe 3apaAr4 Kacan.upa cbM 3aMucJIttJI ToBa y6rafictao Ha uapfl na Tparun. Ero rro KaKBa rrpuqllHa ue o6xsaHa cr'ayr: BoftcKara cMflTa 3a [pr4Bbp)KeHr,rK To3r4 qoBeK, Ho aKo YMPe, ue ro cMtra 3a Bpar; Aopl,l sa re6 \a e fipvflTe.n rofr, o6uo s:ero ste eoficxara roBa ce flpueMa pa3Ju4rrHo. 3a re:n Hella ttoMncr'u.Vlcxau [a rn ctaefrcrByBaM n \aru [oMorHa 6rp:o, no rpn6sa [peAna3nI{Bo, Ta Aa r'e6n\a 6tAa ynperuar

fi
,f1

flolrmec'rop: Crparysax ce Aa He 6u, Karo ocraHe rsoft Bpar, ToBa MoMqe ua cr'6epe (ocraHrnre) n clrpaa,ra Hauoro Tpoa. Axefruure rllr' Karo y3HaflT, tle e )KI4B Hqrctfi or flpnaur !rt4Te, \a se 6u aa Brl4rHar rlaK floxo,tl KtM 3eMflTa xa Qpnrure 14 TaKa orHoBo ra ollycroulaBar 14 firflqKc)cBar rrorqra Ha Tparnt u aa clloJleru cbceAl4Te Ha rpotlHul'{Te
3JIO, B KaKBOTO Cefa Ce M'brIl'IXMe, Uaprc.
1

150-1 156

or axefrunre.
872-875

flo.lurlrecrop: Ceunax IIo cpeAara Ha Jloxero, IroaBHn KonlHo: 14 MHoro rpolHcKn .u,egofrru celqxa - e.4Hl4 or rqBara Mu crpaHa, apyrn OT 'llpyraTa' CtKaul ltpt4 IIpHflTen: eAHH rullaxa T'bKaHTa - etrOHCKa nspa6orxa - 14 Karo t pa3rne)K.[axa Ha cBerJIrHa, xBaJlexa nettnoca MI4' a apyrl4 Karo ce y.u[BnqBaxa ua rparnfrcKoro I\414 Konl4e, nI4Il]Hxa Me or AsofiHoro MH opt'xl4e.

Xeryf,ia: Aro axefrunre BIlHrHar IxyM,

t4JI14

TpaKueua, Koraro rronyrraBa HaKa3aHfiero

KaKTo rpa6ea.

cl.t,

ce rtpnreKar Ha rroMolrl Ha 3aApbx rH, 6ee Aa ce sI,IAH,

'

IOJILIEH, Boeunu xLITpocrH (ontrcctnt no I4'tM'c. 347)

38.

qe e 3apalr4 ueH. 3a Apynoro 6rAu cnoxoeH! Ae BcHtrKo ule Ha[paBt

890-891

VIII

Xcxy(ra: (xru cryruHrla) ... A r.n, xaro ce Ao6lnxuur Ao r{y)ueHelra TpaKueu, Ka)KH My: BuKa re HrKofaruHara uapnqa xawtuou, Xexy6a.
962-967

florrnccrop: A rn, aKo Me ynpeKBalx 3a orcbcrBl,lero MH, seAeft. 3autoro 6rx e cpeAHHTe 3eMH Ha Tpaxna, orcbcrByBax, Koraro rI{ npncrurHa ryx. Karo ce BbpHax ta Beqe 6ax rprruaJl or Kburn cbc
cbxlara rleJr, Ta3r4 TBoq cnyfHHrr Ka'ro rn rryx, AofrAox.
1036
Me

cpeqHa v Mv pa3Ka3a pa3HH Helqa.

Koraro arnHqHHTe oflycrolxaBanH Haana')K no XepcoHec rpafr6pexHHTe Mecra, Ceer HaeJI ABe xnJlttal4 neKo BT,opt)KeHn rerl4 n rafrgo ulr Bb3no)KnJI KaTO HenpnflTeilu aa Hafiaaar 14 ollo)KaptBar cTpaHaTa I'I [a ce HaxBbpnflTcpeuy rufl, Kol,lro 3aIuHTaBanH rpaAcKHTe creHr't. AruHqHHTe, KarO aa6erqsanu roBa, IroMI4c;tv1lv c?t, (le rernre ca HenpHflTeJII4 Ha TpaKHTS, H311e3JlI,r CMenO Or rOpa6nre u Ce npn6lu)K17.Itt4AO rpatrCKgTe creHH. A Ceer ce BTypHaJI or creH[Te, aoKaro B ToBa BpeMe rerl'tre ce r"bKMeJrr{ Aa ce HapeAqr e 6oen per.c arutfltrHre. A Karo AolxJIH 3aA rtp6a Ha Herrpr,rffTeJrl,lre H rI{ o6xBaHaJIH H3or3aA, nory6nlu rI{ Bc14IIKHTe, KaTO, OT eAHa CTpaHa, ce BTypHaJII',l KbM TflX TpaKHTe' a' or,[pyFa nerl{Te.

Xop: 9yxre

JrH BorrbJra Ha

rpaKueqa, ,qpyxxu?
I,I

1047-1048 Xcrp: Huua xBaHa rpaKueua n Hal.BV qyxAeHella, rocnoAapKe, HanpaBH TorrHo roBa, Koero xagsau?
1088-1093

KCEHOOOHT, I-pruxa ncropvfl, (onxucuttt no tr'lTM,c .97)

lV 8, 26-27. Tpasn6y:r ornnyBaJl or

Koero Aa 6'b[e

fl<urlrcc'rop: Ax, ox, KorlrIeHoclrtt, BbopbxeHn,

26

KoHHH Hapo,4e Ha

HaMepHJI Hr4KaKBh TIpOTIIBHHUI1, TAM' HaMI4CJII4JI

or

H noHex(e He Ila I43B1'pIUU HeUlO, IIoJI3a 3a oretlecrBoro My. lA rtil tuoM y3HaJI' qe
Xe.necttoHTa
27

Me.fclr<, uapflr Ha o,[pr.{cr4Te, n Cenr, BnaAerenqr Ha rpafr6pexuero, Bpa)KAyBaT noMexay cr.r, rroMr,rpplrt tt4 t4 fr4 HanpaBlrr npnqTern u
cblo3Hr4uH Ha aTHHflHIITe,3aTUOTOCH MHCJreJr, qe aKO CTaHaTTaKHBa, TO H rpr,uKnTe rpaaoBe, Kor4To ce HaMHpar n Tpaxnr, 6uxa 6unu rloBeqe

[peaaHr4 Ha arnHflHr4re. BnpoveM, Te3?r rpaaoBe, n'bK r,t onng s A:Ilq 6al ra no6pe HacrpoeH14 KbM arr4HqHure, rrfr raro nepcnficrnlr uap 6nr
TexeH ilpr4rTeJr.

HeAocrl4r Ha xpaHI{' npeAnpl4enI{ MacoBo rtoxoA cpeuy crpaHara orB'bA or qy)K,[ara :eNaq. EraAerixh noBeqe or rpnAecer xnnflAr4 Aytlvt, Te HanaJlHaJrn c.bceAHa Tpaunt n oilycroruHnn 6egnouarHo 3eMrra ua a6lepur.rre. Karo B3enn or raM FoJrflMa rrJrrrrKa, Te ce 3aBp.buaJrr{ HenpeAna3J,tr,rBo n 6espeluo. A6aep_ uvre nl,K, KarO ItoBeJII4 BCHrrKara cn eofrcxa cpeuy rrx, Karo ce 3aBpbrqaJrh Ha fpyilr4 u 6e:peguo, uz6ntw noBerre or Ase xvJlflI'nayur4. Bapeapure, pa3rHeBeH14 or cnyrllan6Tcl ce, rro)KeJran il Aa cr4 orM.bcrflT Ha

TflxHara FpaHHua H cH AocraBflnv xpaHvr

!l4OAOP, I4cropn.lecra 6u6ruorexa

(ontrcncunte no

UfM,

a6Aepuure, u 3aroBa c.187 c,.t.)

HaxJ.ryn14 B crpaHara

r.rrr,r.

A6aepunreo6a.re Bb3ropilp14t-c)TBr4nn ce 3a

A'IHH OT NO6CAATA CH B IrO-PAHlllHOTO CPA)KCHHC H NOATIOII,IO|HATil OT

cbceAHHTe rpaKH, KOr,iro

105, l-4. Koraro arHHcKHTe crpare3u r.ayqvru, qe c[apraHrluTe c Bc 14 rr Kil T e cn cvlt4 06cax<,uar JI a M flca K, cr6pan ra orBcfl KbAe rpr,repu ra 6r,p:o ce ornpiaenlu cpeuy rqx cbc cro H ceAeMrecer xopa6a. Ho xaro HaMepr4nr4 rpa.f,a ilpeB3er, Te 3aKapan[ rcopa6ure cv Ha fipvcraH ttpr4 Eroc-lklrarrau. Crea roBa BceKr,r lleH fltryBanu cpeuy HeflpurrenHTe r,r rr4 rrperu3BnKBan14 K'bM MopcKo cpaxeHr4e. A rrfr Karo rrenofloHecunre He HcKanr4 t\a v3rfl3ar c Qrora Hacpeua HM, arHHflHr.rre ce HaMepHJrH B 3arpyJIHeHr4e KaK ,u,a ce cnpaBrT c iloJro)KeHr,reTo, noHexe TaM He MorJrH troBerre !,a r,r3xpaHBar gofrcrara cH. Torasa ArrneHa[ orur.rrbJr npn Trx H Ka3aJr, rre rpaKHfrcKHTe uape Me.uor n Ceer 6nru Heroea npnnrervly. 6nru cr,rnacHH Aa My Aa.rlar FoJrsMa eoficra, aro 6u r4cKaJr Aa BotoBa cbc cnapraHuure. 3a rosa rofr [oHcKaJr or arr{HflHr4Te Aa B3eMe yr{acrr4e B FJTaBHC)To KoMaHAyBaHe, Karo nv o6eutal eAHo or ABere: Anvr \a rrpr4Hyltr.r HefipHqrenuTe Aa ce cpaxaBaT llo Mope, HJru B cbto3 c TpaKr,rTe aa BoAH eoilHa cpeuy rrx no cyua. AlxnBHaA r43B'D-ptrrr,rJr roBa, 3aqoro xenaen ,lla Ha[paBu He[lo BeJrr4Ko 3a oTeqecTBoTo cr{, Ta nopaAH 3acnyrr{Te My HapoAbr Aa My Bb3BbpHe craporo cn 6ranoeoJreHue. Arnucxure crpare3H o6ave, Karo rroMr,rcJrr4Jrr,r, oreAHa crpaHa, qe re ure rroHecar yKopa s cryvafr Ha Heycrex, a or,u,pyra crT)aHa, qe Bcr,IqKI,I ure B'b3npueMar rou6uxauuure Ha ArKHsuaA, 3anoBqllann r'ry 6r,pso la cra 3aMr4He lt floBeqe aa He ce npn6lnxana Ao creHara nM.

XIII

uu6wnu u3flparunvl]or\,roru,

6ofr c eapnapr.re. 3aar,p3ano ce roJrflMo cpaxeHue 14, roHexe rpaKr4Te ce orMerHa,rH BHe3ailHo, a6aepur4Te ocraHaJrH caMr4, 6uru :arpaAeuu oT ll'bnquruaTa Ha BapBapr4Te r{ nottTH Bcr,trtKH, KOnTO yrtacTByBanr4 B cpa)KeHr'rero, 6unn wg6uru. A6lepunre, crronereHu or roBa roJrrMo Heulacrr4e, uleJlH Belte aa 6tlar o6c alfeH4, Kofaro arHHtH14H.br Xa6pufi ce flBVtJt C nOfrCrara cH, oTbpBan a6aepunre or orlacHocrra 14 H3roHnJ'r BapBapHTe or crpaHara nv. A cJleA Karo ocraBun B rpaAa 3Haq[TerHa oxpaHa, cana 6nn y6ur or HrKoro c H3MaMa.

IEN{OCTEH, flpornn Apracroxpar (onmucunte no trITM. c. I I0

c.,t.)

XXIII
AapoBe

130-132. Bue sHaere Hec.bMHeHo, arlHflH:'l.,.re

u Aa 6e yaocroeH y Hac c MeAHa craryfl, c yroueHr4e B ilpHTaHeoHa, c

I4enrpar, axo

vc

npyFt4 rrorrecTr,r, rropaAu KoHTO Ce qyBCTByBarre uIacTJtHB, BCe

Tpaeu6yn

XIV 94, 2. Oxoro roBa BpeMe arvv.tnlaTe us6panu 3a crparer 14 ro n3rrparl'l.rt c qerr4puaecer rpr{eplr. Tofi ornlysar sa

or cblo3H]rur4Te crl, 3aMI,rHar. A aoraro rrpe6neara.n e XepcoHec,y6erun rpaxnftcrure uape MeAor n Cesr qa craHar c'bK)3Hr4uH na Aruga. XV 36, l-4. flpes roBa BpeMe e Tpaxua rpu6alure, rpr,rrl4cKaHH or
i4our,rst H, cJreA Karo B3eJr [apr4

He HH OKa3a r{pe3 Hero HrrKaKBa yclyta, Ho Hanporr4B, rroncKa AopH Aa My noMafa s o6caaara Ha ocraHaJrnre HarrJt4 Kpenocrr.r. A xoraro I4Qnxpar He nohcKa Aa cropr4 rona, Kornc c BapBapcKara cn sofrcxa 14 crc cr6panuTe or Hero eorirrr4uu 14 cBpbx roBa c XapuAeu, Kororo Hae 3a Ta3lI uen, Halla,qalue Kpefiocrvre BV l{ ro nocraBl4 B TaKoBa 3arpyA-

naK ce OAT,p3oCTH 3apaar,r r4HTepecure sa Koruc .u,a Bne3e B MopcKo cpaxeHr{e c Haur4Te Ir},JIKOBOAUI U rt it npernortere ctlaceHhero Ha Koruc npea ro(recrvtre> c Kor.rro ce non3yBaue y Hac. Ir a*o He 6qxre o6y:nann rHeBa cr.r B rro-roJrflMa Mflpa, oTKoJtKoro rofr 6e o6y:aal Abp3ocrra cH, Hlrulo He uleue.[a My noflpeqr,r Aa 6bAe naii_seu-(acres or Bcr'rrrKrr xopa. Ho Bce naK KorHc, roftro 6e cnaces or Hefo ra 6e nruyvsn Ha AeJIo roKa3arencrBa 3a npl'IBbp3aHocrra My, Karo cMerHa, qe ce HaMHpa B nbJrHa 6e:onacHocr, He ce flocrapa [a My ce or6laroAapn n

28

29

HeHO 11OnOXeHue, qe TOfr CH OTr,tAe OTTaM U Ce 3aCeJIn B AHTUCa, a nOCJIe

B .[,pr4c, loHe)Ke

cMflTatle, qe He e Ao6pe Aa Aoiln'e tIpH Bac' uIoM BI'I e nocTaBfln no-llony oT TpaKqeqa 14 BapBapr4H a, a He 6erue n 6e:onacso [a ocTaHe npH Hefo, Karo 3Hae[Ie, qe Tofr Hexae 3a curypHocrra My' xxIII 8-lt. HyNno e aa Kaxa 14 rrocoqa Koe o6crotTencTBo e
TeJICTBO, AT|Z.H'.HV:,

CH K},IVI QTTTTAN

14

NOPAtrI4 IPU'ITEJICTBOTO CI4 KT,M ATHHqHNTE NPEtrAJI HA B Te3r4

fiocreAHare rpar,oBere s Xepcoxec, c r43KJ'rK)rreHHe Ha Kaplnn, arnHcKMflT HapOA

lt3nparvr [pecenHHuH
L4

XVI 22, 3. Tpxva uape ce cbro3nna cpeuy @ulnn: uapere

TpaKr4Te, Ha rleoHr4Te
I

fpatroBe.

Ha

HaflpaBuJ]o cHfypHo Bar.[eTo rpuTe)KaHne Ha xepcoHec. ToBa o6cToqe, qe cJIeA cMl'pTTa Ha KorHc cTaHaxa uape Ha Tparna Eepuca[, AuaAox n Kepce6lenr, cHpeq rpl4Ma BMecro e.[HH' Ilocleauuara or roBa e, qe, or ellHa crpaHa' Bpa)KAyBar noMexry ch' a

nnvpktre.Te 6wnu cr,cetrH Ha MaKeAOHHTe r,t fne.flanH c [olto3peHwe Ha 3ac[JtBaHero sa ou-nxn. Ho raro ue 6unu
HA

oTApyracTpaHa,BucenotrMa3BaTnI.{9K^TAacfleqen'TBaIIIeTo
6n
a

ro eor

e H rae.

Toea 1 onox(e

ue, aTr4Hfnvt > Hfl KOr,r VCKaT \A npe KpaTqT,

c MaKeloHuTe.

AocrarbqHo cvJlHy. rrooTAeJIHo, noHe)Ke troeauHr4qHo 6utu 6nru no_ paHo or Hero' cMerHoJlu, t1g necHo rue ro HaABuqr' aKo BoIoBar cbBMecTHo. Ho .rloKaro re ct6upann BofrcKH, @ra.nnn ce qBHn cperuy rflx, KaKTo ge 6unn o[le roroBtr, u Karo fH t43[J.laruI4JI, r]p[HyAr,tJt tv \a ce [oMr4pqr

KaTonpeMaxHaTApyrI4TeABaMaqape14npeAaAaTIIanaTaBJIacTHa Kepce6nenr. jOZ-tOf. Ho sue 3Haere, qe B HHTepec Ha Har.rr4s FpaA e aa He 6bgar cI4JlHl,I Ht,tTo Tr4BaH(HTe, HnTo naKetreMoHll[Te n Aa I4MaT IIt'pBHTe 3a Herrp?rflTenH Qoruluure, a BTOpHTS - HflKOr4 ApyrH, IIOHeXS lIpI4 ToBa

ATEHEfi, V.renn cbrpare3Hnuu (ontrcucutne no IITM, c. 365 c,t.) IV 13l a. AHaracaHApr4A, ocvueairH B KoMe,[Hrra ,.flporeculafr., cear6eHr.rq trnp Ha l4Qr,rxpar, xoilro 6rl ycrpoeH, Koraro ce )KeHen 3a
KaKBC)TO Br4

flono)KeHI{ee B'b3MON(HOAa 6bAeM Hafr-cunH14 14 Aa )KHBeeM BcI{rypHOCT' Blpaafrre, qe T.bfr c.btuo e B HHTepeca Ha Hal.uHTe c'brpax,laHH, KOI,ITO o6laraear Xepcouec, aa He 6'bae chneH uurofr or rparnficKuTe uape,
3aIUOTO TeXHI,tTe

lblueprra ua rpaxnfrcKnfl uap Koruc,

3apbrtBaM, tue
Br4

Ka3Ba: ,,W arc<> HarrpaBuTe, ycrpol,rM rrpr4eM c 6rflcraao nr4purecrBo,

pa3[pl{

14

nOAO3peHtal Ca Hafr-rofllMaTa

14

Hafr-CI4IypHa

3aulHTa Ha xepcoHec
AeM ynoBr,r

rofr 6eure y6eAen, qe MI4ITOKHT ule 6bAe cnaceH, aro 6lAe oTBeAeH [p]r

Mralrornr, KofrTo 6eure npea BCHqKOTO BpeMe 6larocxroHeH K.bM BaC. floHe)Ke y TpaKuTe HfMa o6Hqaft Aa ce y6rarar eAUH Apyr'

or BcrqKu ApyrH. gpes Ha CMuKHTT4OH Haluuqr xapeH XapnnpelaTercTBo 169-170.

Kepce6lenr, u 3aTOBa r-o npeAaAe Ha Bar.xnTe BparoBe, KapA[aHuI,rTe. A TeKaToB3eXafiHero,HcHHaMy'oTBeAoXarl,rHaeAHaIoAKaBMopeTo. Tav gaxlaxa cvHa My, a caMnfl Hero yaaBHXa, cneA KaTo BrlAfl xax 6e 3aKraH chHa My. Or rosa BCI'IqKH TpaKH 6nxa nlaruyreH[' a Eepnca4 n Aua,uor ce cgyrxr4xa. AreuoAOp, KaTO Br4Afl, qe MOMeHTIT e ygo6eH, CK,rIOqh CbIO3 c Ttrx u 6e rOTOB Aa BOIoBa. KepCe6nent Ce y[naull4 OT TOBa 14 AreHoaop My HaJro)Kr4 AOrOBOp, KOftTO ro [plIHyAH aa ce 3aKT'JIHe qe o6luara BJIacr uag Tpaxun ue KaKTO npeA Bac' TaKa u [peA uapere, 6tae painpeAeJreHa Mexuy rp'Mara, a Ha Bac ule Bb3BbpHe XepcoHec.

KoeTo He rrpr4nr4qa Hr4KaK Ha oHoBa Ha l4Qnrpar e Tparna, aKo Ia aa ce Ka3Ba, qe ro 6lrno H:e'bHpeJIHo rrr4r.r.lHo. Torasa 6n.nn nocrlaHn Ha rpaAcKHt nJIolua,u nlip[ypH14 nocrl4.IlKI4' Kol4To AocrHraJII{ qaK Ao ceBepHHrr fioJrK)c, H B nHprxecrBoro yqacrByBanra 6ee6pofr qopnaBu Mbxe, Macnot,uur4. Tau urnraro MeAHfi KornH lro-roJreMr,r oT craH c no ABaHalecerJrefJra, a cav Kornc ce 6nl 3arrperHaJr, r]a iloaHacfln vop6a B 3JrareH cbA r,r, nryceafrru oT BrrHoTo B KpaTepHTe, ce yfivJt rro-HanpeA oT Tr4r, Konro qepner. A AurnreH?rA r4M cBr4pnn Ha Qrefira, Aprac nflr n KeQHcoaor or AxapHa r4M [pr,HKan Ha KHTapa H rrecrByBaJrla c trecHn Ty B eaHH TOH rrrr4poKara cnapra, Ty B llpyf roH ceaMoBparHara Tnea. 14Quxpar troryt14n B 3ecrpa ABecTaAa 6elu xoue, eIIHo craAo Ko3H, elr,rH 3JIareH LIII{T' eAHa IIJlocKa tla[Ia 3a [I{eHe, eAHH oxnIoBhAeH naxap, eAnH cbA 3a cHe)KHa BOAa, eAHa AeJrBa [poco, eanH abJr.br ao ABaHaLeceT raKTr4 [OA3eMeH CKnaA OT nyK r,r etrHa MHofoKpaKa xexarov6a.,. ToBa,

AI4oAoP, I4cropuuecxa 6u6lnoreKa

(onKbcLtnrc no I4TM, c.192 c't.)

XVI 34, 4. Korato Kepce6lenr' cltH'br Ha Korl'lc, ropaAn Bpa)KAara

ua @ulnn" cle,unoro, Koraro roBoptr sa Ora,rnn: ,,Ha rperru ,[eH Qrrr,rn npncrnrHaJr s Ouoxapcuc, Mrcro e Tparnx c foJrrMa ropa,
31

Karo ce Ka3Ba, cropnJr Koruc Ha cear6ara Ha 14Qnxpar. Ho uHoro no14 no-craBHa or Her ure 6bae rafl Ha nocnoAapcKHTe cr,rHoBe. Ta KOe OT CnoMeHarure 6lara JIHTICBa s Halunrl 'Ilot\a? XII53 I e - 532 a. Teonoun pa3Ka3Ba B ru.bpBara KHura oT,,I4cropr4rra
IMtUHa

30

xy6aBo IroapeaeHa 14 nphqrHa 3a IIpe6l'rBaBaHe' oco6eHo npe3 nsroro' To 6ulo eauo oT MecTaTa, rrpeAnoqnTaHH OT KOTUC, XOfrro oT BcHqKn rparnficrn uape ce oT[aBaJr nafi-uHoro Ha yAoBoncTBI,tt u pa3KOUr. TOfr O6xOxAal cTpaHaTa CI4 H rAeTO BIlxAan MeCTa CeHqeCT?I C llbpBeTa I{ C

tto6TpgflBaJl 3anu 3a nHpIxeCTBa. 14 rarg nOCeIUaBan BCflKc) eaHo or rvq Mecra, KOnKOTO tl'brl'l My ce yaaBa'Io, IlpHHactlJI xeprBl{ Ha 6oronere H o6uyBan ca,c caHoBHr4uHTe cv A Ce qyBcTByBaI 6laxen u 11IaCTJ.114B, AOKaTO Hail-CeTHe.Up'b3Ban Aa 6OrOXynCTByBa I{ Aa OCK'bp6flBa

6Orarn

BOILI4,

Arnua." Haurus'r nucareJl pa3Ka3Ba Ilo-HararbK, qe Kort4c ycrpoHn [r,tpueCTBO, KaTO qe Ju 6OrHHtTa ATI4Ha UflJIa Ila Ce OM'bx]4 3a HeFO'

nplaroran:r ir 6pavHa cTal. A oltaKBaJr B llt{flHo ctcToqHue 6on[Hqra. Kclraro My ce loMparrr4r Beqe pa3c'b,rl'bKa,T, TOfr I,l3rIpaTHJI eAHH op'b)KeHOCeU Aa BH,Ur.t Aanl,t 6ornHrTa e aorxna B 6paqHaTa cTafl. A KOTaTO TOfr Ce 3aB'bpHaJI 14 Ka3aJI, qe HUKOfr HqMaIO B CTaflTa, y66n CbC CTpeJIa 14 Hero, ?r BTOpH ,[pyf opr,]KeHoceu flopa[l{ ct'luara [Iplltll4Ha' AoKaro TpeTr,rqT ce aocernn H Ka3a.[, qe 6orhHflTa oTAaBHa 6nra Aourla n ro qaKara. To:ta uap, Karo 6tan o63er Be,lI,Ht')K or peBHocr KtM xeHa cH,
Hapfl3an

1l

'l BA1EPVI| MAKCT{M, flpo'ryrra

cc)6crBeHop'l,r{Ho, KaTo noqHan

or

cpaMHure l't qacrH'

TPAKIIf, I{ EAJIKAHI{TE [IPE3

E

TIIIHIICTI{TI

EC

KA TA

E TI

OXA

Aena r n3peqeH,t (ontrct ct'nt no IIT'\1, c. 255)

7. Or 6naropoAHa ayxoBrlrocr e npoHnKHaro eAHo fipotryro u3petleHl4e Ha uap Kornc. ll{ort'r ce HayqHr, qe arI4HtHI4Te My AanI4 fipaBara Ha cbrpaxaaHl,tH, Ka3aJI: ,,lA A3 lUe HM AaM rlpaBara Ha Moero

lll,7r

rofr flpl,IpaBHHn Tpaxrax c Arnua, Ta IIOpaAH pa3MtHaTa eaHo TaKoBa 6naFoBOneHHe tra He ce cqfiTa flT,pBaTa 3a HepaBHa
nJreMe... Tr,fr

Ha Ha Ha Toq qe HeloBI4tT llpol43xo.ll e ilo-AoneH oT BTOpaTa l/I aa He ce cMtTa,

aTl,IHnHnre.

32

tIOMflEI4 TPOF (onrcucrttt no I4TM, c.247)

XI

2,4-10.

B Haqaroro

Ha uapyBaHero cu ArexcaHArp o6yslal

MHoFo par6yuryeaHu rrneMeHa r,r noryrxunr HflKot4 B'bcraHnn orue B 3apoAH[a urta. noBHlUeHo caMorryBcTBne no6rpsan Aa ce oTrlpaBn xr'u frpuur, rIlero no nplrMepa ua 6arqa cu 6un cBI{KaJI a Kopnur rrpeAcraBr,rrenftre Ha rp'brrKHTe a'bp)KaBu H 3acraHaJl Ha HeroBo Mqcro

Karo rexeH soxn. Toft ce 3aeJr cJreII ToBa cbc 3aM[cJleHara or 6au1a uy sofrFra cpeuy flepcul. Kaxro 6un saer c'bc cBor,rre IrpnroroBJleHus, Hay(IHJI, \e arvrHflHvrre u 6eornfrul{Te ce orMerHaJI}I or Hefo vt v.vlnarv Ha crpaHara Ha nepcure, 14 rre nol6yAurerqr Ha roBa orusrane 6nr oparopbr Aeuocreu, roilro 3a roBa 6nr noAKy[eH or nepcr4Te c MHoro

c'a6pauue elr4H cBnaerer, Kofiro rBbpaflJr, qe caM 6ur HapaneH n cpaxeHnero, B Koero 3arr4HaJr uaprrr. Cnyxrr 3a roBa rrpeAH3Br,{KaJI npoMflHa B noBeAeHnero noqTu Ha BcuLrKI,I AbpN(aBH; HaBpeA MaKeAoHcKHTe rapHn3oHu 6unn o6caAenu. PasnorarailKn c nolpeAeHa

3Jraro. flocneAsnsr yBeprrBaJr, qe uqnara MaKeaoHcKa soficxa 3aeAHo c uapn 6n;ia yHnruo)KeHa or rpu6arrre, H Aopr.r 6nr Aoser B HapoAHoro

H roroBa ga 6ofr roficxa, Alercaugrp ce onbJIt{I,tJI nporuB

aBuxeHue
Lr

ToBa

HaJro)KHJr Ha hpunn, qe rbpIII,ITe, qe Kor,rro He [o]lo3r4paJr14 e ilpncrHrHaJr, He BflpBanv Ha co6creeHvre cv

c raKaBa 6rpsnua ce

oqu KaTo ro

BI4.u,eJII4.

API4AH, Ana6asilc (onrcrcume no I4TM ,c. 300 c't.)

rpu6anure

vr vnnpvre,3a Kol,tro Hayql4n, qe Kpoerla 6ynr: npu rona qe Mr,rcJrHJr, He 6uea.rla u,[e Ha raKbB AbJIbr noxoA, aKo He ocraBln rl,tr

I, l. Ha flponerra ArexcaHArp rpbrHaJl xtu Tparufl rlporl,tB

c'bcelHr.r Hapo,rln Ha[bJrHo [oKopeHH. AlexcasAtp noret'J]HJI or AvQnrronnc n HaBJrfl3bJr BTas rracr Ha Tparnr, xosroceo6hraea orrtfr
HapeqeHHTe He3aBHcr4Mr,r TpaKH, KaTo HMaJI oT nflBaTa cH cTpaHa rpaA

Qnrnnn fi nJraHnHara Op6en. Karo npevuxar perara Hecr, Ha,rlecerl,rfl

IleH, KaKTO Ka3Bar, AOCTHfHaJT rUasUsa'ra Xevyc. Tyxa, KoraroBb3nlI3aJI no rrJraHHHaTa, ro flpecpe[IHaJrvl v3 TecHI4HIrTe MHO3I,IHa BbOp'bXeH]t

Ty3eMur{

lpe3 rrero rrlrna [a

He3aBVct4Mr4Te rpaKr4fi\u: re 6unu zaetu Bbpxa ua Xeuyc, N{Hne soficrara, n ce npl4rorBuln Aa ir nonpeqar Aa B'r,pBr,r rro-HararbK. Tecr6panr.r KoJrr{ Lr tnHapehunv npea,ce6e cH, KaTo

vcKann Aa rH ynorpe6sr eNaecro nanuca]lr,], ga aa ce cpaxaBar

35

or no-

BucoKo Mrcro B cnyrrail, qe 6'LAar [pr4TecHeHI,I: cr,IrreBpeMeHHo M14crenH rrpr4 Bb3ne3a Ha HerrpnflTeJrr aa ra'pKanrr Konara or Hafr-crptMHl,tre

Mecra Ha rrnaHr,rHara cpeuy MaKeAoHcKara Qaraura. Te 6nnu cu c'bcraBnnv MHeHr,re, qe KonKoTo no-rbcra 6tae Qaranrara, c Kotrro ttle ce cperuHar rbpKoneHr{Te KoJrr,r, ToJlKoBa flo-necHo [ocreAHr,rre ule q npbcHar cl>c cvnara H Hanopa cn. ArexcanArp MHcnen KaK Aa npeMI{He nJIaHuHara no Hafr-6esonaceH HaqHH. CreA xaro peurr4n, qe o[acHocrra He Mo)Ke Aa ce ng6erHe IpOXOA Ha Apyro MqCTO HqManO - flOpbqan Ha Te)KKO BtOpt')KeHHTe: Koraro ce T'bpKaJIgT KoJrr4Te or BHcoKo, Tldfl, Ha KonTo [IrI4potII4Hara Ha flbrq no3BorflBana Aa pa3peAflT cTpoq cr{, Aa ce pa3cT'bl'lsT, Ta KonHTe Aa npeMHHar Me)rqy rflx, a THq, Kor4To ce HaMepflT Ha rqcHo MrcTo, aa ce c6lluxat, aa KoneHuqar Ha 3eMflTa A \a cte4uHflT uruToBere IIoMe)KAy cv, Ta nycHaruTe cpeuy rflx KoJlr,r Ila MHHar orrope 6tp:o, 6es Aa IaN,{ HaHecar BpeAa. Wraxa ce nonyql4no, KaKTo 3alroBflAan H IIpeAnoJIaran AlercauArp. E4nure ce pa3crb[vtJtr4, a HaA urr4ToBere Ha apyruTe Koirr4Te ce rbpKonnru, 6e3 \a npvtrr4HflT ronflMa Bpeaa: or KonHTe
Hnrofr He 3aruHan. Cera uare,(oHHTe ce oAbp3ocrI,IJI14, noHer(e KoJIure, or Kol4To nafr-unoro ce [JIaI[eJII.{, He HM cropnnn Huuro tI c BttK HarraAHaJrH TpaKr4Te. A-nercasArp 3a[oBflAaJr Ha crpenrlHTe or AtcHoro Kpnno Aa AofrAar rpeA Apyrara Qalanra, floHexe raM Mtcroro 6nro noyAo6Ho r.r Aa crpenqr cpeqy rpaKure, KbAero HalraAar. A cat'a e:er areMara, xwilacilHcrblre I{ arpI4aHHTe H fH 3aBeJI Ha JIflBoro KpHJIo. CrperuHre crpenrnH cpeqy rpaKure, Kor,rro ce cnyulanu HanpeA H or6rrcxsanu Ha[aAeHuero HM: ToraBa ce BT]pHana Qalaurara H necHo rl,r n3THKaJIa OT MqCTOTO HM, nOHeXe 6nln lrOAe ane o6neqeHr v fipn ToBa Jrouo BbopbxeHu BapBapI,{, rrfr qe He Aor{aKann Alexcangtp, roliro sanaaaJr orJrrBa crpaHa, Ho 3axBbpJIHJIH opbx{Hero ctt ll u:6qraln B nJIaHUHaTa, KOr fAero Mof'bn. or TflX [aAHanH OKoJIO X]'1.ns.Aa A nercrornH,rlyrx 14 : xusu 6uru yn oBeHn MaJI uHHa, rroHe)Ke 6sra,r lt 6rpeo 14 no3HaBaJrH MecrHocrra, Ho )KeHI4Te, KoI4To rI4 cJI eqBarvr 6Hru xsaHaru BCAqKH, CbUIO H AeIIaTa V Uflnara nJIfqKa. 2. A-nexcaHAbp nparlrJr [nrqKara Ha3aA B rIpHMopcKHTe rpaAoBe, Karo r fipeAan na JlncaHnfi u Oulor, 3a Aa ce rptaxar 3a Heq. A rofr, creA Karo rrpeBanr,rn Ba,pxa, TpbrHan HarIpeA npes Xer',ryc rlporl,rB rpn6anure H npr4crurHan Ao peKara Jlurnn: Taq peKa orcroll or l4ctrp B nocoKa Ha Xer.ayc Ha rpla .(Hl4 rrbr. Cnpu, uapflT ua rpn6anwre, rofrro ce 6un HayqHJr [o-paHo ga AlercaHApoBr4q fioxoA, H3nparHJI xeH]ITe H letrara
36

u36nratu, Koraro ce npu6luxaear ArercaHAa,p lr cbceAHr4Te Ha rpn6arnre rpaKH, rrr'K 14 carra cnpv no6srnal raM 3aeAHo cbc cBor4Te. fraeHara Maca Ha rpu6alnre o6aqe us6srana Ha3aA KbM peKara,
orr,4ero

ua rpu6alHTe KtM lAcrr,p a HM 3arroBr.uax ra [peMHHar B eauH or ocrpoBHTe Ha peKara: HMero Ha ocrpoBa e fleeKa. B ron ocrpos 6rarn

6nl noren,rr4J't

rrpetrHr,rq Aeu

A:rexcau4rp.
3aMHHaJrr,r,

Karo ce

Hay(rr4,rr, ue

Ha3aA nporr.{B TflX t4

OTKPHTO NOIE, TPH6AJI]/,TC, KATO IOTIAAHAJII,I NOII CTPENI4TE N 6NNU ynyrtBaHLr, r43ne3n14 Cpeqy CTpeIrIHTe, 3a .qa Bnfl3aT B p.t,Kol]aI'xen 6Ofr C

A,rerccanrrp caM noBen Qa,raHrara, cnea Karo q cfbcrr4,rr: Ha crpenufiTe a Ha rrpauHHu[Te 3arroBrjlaJr D,a n3nn3aT Hailpea H ,rla xBbpnflT cTpenn H KaM"bHI'{ nporHB BapBapHTe' Ta aaHo rH ttoAMaMqr or ropara Ha

tv 3aBapr4,rr Berte Ha craH. Taxa h3HeHaaaHH Te Ce nocrponnr4 lroxpail ropara, Korrro ce flpocrnpana Ao percara. V

rpn6alure 6nru

rofr ce r43B.bpHan

nMano npecrpenKa Me)KAyABere crpaHH, rpu6anure He orcra,rrBan14: Ho uroM fr,crara Qaranra ce rroHecJra KbM TqX CTpeMr4TenHO H KOHHHUI,ITe rI4 HanaAaJ'l 14 He Berle Karo xBbpnflnn Kor'vlfl, Ho rH IIpHTI,tcKan r,I oTBcqK'bAe cbc caMhre KoHe, TOfaBa Ce o6r'pHaru c 6sr flpe3 fopara KbM peKara. B 6qrcreoro 3 a ru H an r{ Tpv xv nn!.v ayrxu : )Kr.{B r,r or He[pr4fl Ten u te 6ntu yJIoBeHI4 MaJILIHHa, [oHe)Ke lrpen peKara ce HaMHpaJIa rbcra ropa H HacTtIIHnaTa Hotq oTHena Ha MaKeAOHHTe Bb3MOXHOCTTa La rut

Mare.qcruar a Aa Ha[aAHe AqcHoro Kpano ua rpn6ature, raero nafi6urq usneznr{ HarrpeA, a Ha Xepax,rnA u Conorr,{A 3ap.bqan Aa floBe,uar KoHHr4uHTe or Eorneq r.r ArraQranonr{c rrpoTr,rB JlsBoro r,rM KpHJIo. OalaHrara or IIexorHHrrH 14 ocraHanara KoHHr4rra, Koqro Hapeann npea Qananrara, rroBeJr caM rrporrrB He[pnqrencKH, rIeHTr,p. lor4ero
MHoro

Tqx, rroHe)Kere 6vnu 6es ruHroee. A,rercastrrp, ruorr,r Karo rH H3Kapan HaBbH or ropara, 3a[oBflAaJr Ha @ulor tra B3eMe KOHHr4uara o.r fopna

flroleuefr Ka3Ba, tte or MaKeAoHHTe KOHHHIIH H OKONO qCTHPNAECCT IEXOTI4HUI4.

ilpecneABar.

gatvHanre\HHaAecer

Hafr-rutroro 3eMq 14 pa3rpaHr4qaea Frafi-aoriHcrBeHuTe rlpogr, , to noBeqeTo KJITCKH' y KoHTo ce HaMupar I4 I43BopHTe u or xouro uafroT,uareqeHH ca KBaAl4Te H MapKOMaHHTe:
nOCJ"te \7]IBAT

3. Ha rperufi ,(eH cnel raq 6urra AlercanAtp npncrnrHan ro peKa Vlcrtp, Korro e Hafi-rorqva or eBpofleficrure peK:.l H rrporr4qa [pe3

caBpoMarr'rre, [ocJre rerHTe, KO]rrO BqpBar n 6escrr,IT,prllero, nocJle rJIaBHara rtacr or caBpoMaruTe: gafr-noc,re cKlirnre rlaK Ha Kpafl, rAero ce BnhBa s Esxcr4HcrHq noHr c ner ycrr4fl. Tyx Anercararp HaMepr4Jr
37

fl3t4tt4Te, qacT oT

AbJrrn K6pa6r4, KOI1TO My AO1lInH OT Br,r3aHTr4OH npe3 Egxcr4HCrr'rr IIOHT Harope nopeKara. Toft nu HaTbJIHI'IJI CbCCTpenUn H crexKoBbop'bxeHH tr oT[nyBaJr KbM ocTpoBa, rAeTo 6vutu us6srari'u rpu6annTe r,r TpaKHTe

pr ce onHTBan Aa lI3JIe3e Ha ocTpoBa Hacvra, Ho BapBapHTe ro npecperuHanu Ao peKaTa, KbAeTo H Aa ce Ao6rnx(aBaJru Kopa6r,rTe. Kopa6nre 6r4Jru MarKo H BofrcKaTa B T.qx He 6ula vsorO. oCeeH rOsa nOronfMaTa qacT oT oclpoBa 6r{na crpbMHa 3a Ae6apKHpaHe r,r reqeHueTo Ha peKara noxpaft Hero - TyK Tfl 6ula crecseHa - 6nno 6lpso, ra 3arpyAHf Baro 143Jt I{3a Hero. 3ito"a Alercasltp orBeJr xopa6nre H peunn Aa [peMHHe lAcrr'p u
Aa Ha[aAHe reTI4Te, KOIITO XI4BeeJIn OTBa'A peKaTa' [OHe)Ke
MHo3r,rHa
BU)qUaJI

reThTe HarlycHanu I'l JIotxo yKpelleHI4fl rpaA, Karo oTBenH TOJIKoBa )KeHI,t H ,[eua, KonKoTo MofJil{ Aa HOCTT KOHeTe. Te Ce Orrenjt.nJ.v B IIycTHTe Mecra, KoJtKoro Mofn14 tro-Aareq o'r l4crtp. Alexcasar,p 3aB3eJr rpaaa H BcHrIKara firflqKa, ocraBeHa raM or rerrTe, H r npeaar Ha Mereafbp vt @unun,3a Jla fl orHecar, a caM Tofr, Karo pa3pyutr,rJr rpaAa, [pr,rHecbJr xeprBa na 6pera ua l4crr,p Ha 3eBc Clracnrel, ua Xepaffin v Ha cawlrfl lActt'p,3auoro ro aouycHan tra Mr{He. Cruuq AeH orBeJr B craHa BcHrrKH HenOK't THaTfi.

noBeqe oT AeceT xunfAu nexoTa): ocBeH ToBa qBr,rno ce y Hero xeJraH4eTo Aa oTr4Ae oTBr,A ly',crtp. carvr rofi ce Kaq1r Ha Kopa6I,ITe: KoxHTe fIa'K' KoHTo I4M cnyxenn 3a IIrarpI{' 3anoBflAar Aa HaflbrHqr cbc craMa, c.bluo Aa ct6epar KoJrKoTo r{yHoBe r4MaJro B Tas cTpaHa (tarnra r,rMaJro MHoro, noHexe )KHT6JILIT9 xpa(t lAcrtp fH ynorpe6flBar, 3a \a JroBfr pu6a,Aa ce noceluaBar B3aHMHO no peKara' a MHo3nHa v3a
KOHHHUT4 H

or rrx cr6pauu ua 6pera ua Wcrtp,3a aa My norpeqar Aa fl [peMnHe, KOTaTO 11OIICKa TOBa Aa CTOpH (re 6nnra OKOJIO qeT4pl,t x1g.nfl,\A

^a rpa6xr). Vl rti,t cb6paJl, KoJIKoro Morno noBeqe' H rlpeKapan c rflx TOJ1KOBa BOilcKa, KO1KOTO 6KIO slgMOxHO 10 TOfl HaqHH. {nClOrO sa npeMr.rHaJrr4Te 3aeAHO C AIeKCaHAbp Bb3nI43aJIO Ha OKOJIO xurflpA V neTcToTHH KOHHHIIH H OKOJIO qeTltpu xv,JlflAvt [exoTa' 4. flpea Hourra npeMHHanI'I TaM, rAero HMaJIo rbcru HIIBH: no rat npuquHa MOTJTH Aa Ce AO6nI,I)KaBaT Ao 6pera [o-He3a6eJrt3aHo. flpn:oplt

vy: rr,[ Karo re t)6firasa,'il4 Mecra M'brrHo ltocr-bnHH fi orrafleqeH[ or AlerccaHAT,p 14 BH)KllaJtv, t1g rOfr rorsH noxoA 3a npyru Mecra' Ka3aJrH, rre ce 6()rr aa He ce cpyrH Haa rqx se6ero: re ce B'b3xHr.uaBaJ'IH or AneKcaH.[],p, Ho He ca rrparr4Jlu np14 Hefo IIpareH14trecrBo Hl4To [opa.ql4 crpax, Hl4To ttopaav nHTepec. A,ra H rqx AlercaH[r'p HapeKT,n ilpuflTeilu, HanpaBI4Jr rH ct,K)3HHu nvtrvl kl3rrparvlr
o(raKBaHero
Ha3aA, KaTO Ka3an CaMO TOBa, qe KeJITI{Te Ca [ycToxBanul4.

Arercauarp pa3MeHHJr 3anor 3a BflpHocr. Kelrure nonHTaJr or KaKBo Ce 6otr uafr-rr,ruoro, noHe)Ke ce Ha.[rBaJI, rre HeroBoro nMe, KaTO BeJlnKo' ule Aa e npoHl4KHano n Ilo rr{x, I{ olue Ilo-HararbK, Ttl tll Kaxar, 're Hafr-rr.rsoro ce 6osr or Hefo. Ho orr0eopl,T Ha Kenr[Te He orrpaBnaJl
BCl.{rtKr4

[pareHr4ur4 KaKTo or Apyrure Kol.tro xr,{BeeJrlt ao l4cTbp, rtfi w or Cnpu, rpu6alcrcna uap. lotunu rrpareHLrull 14 or KeJrrHTe, Kouro )KHBeeJrLr ao vlouwilcxus 3aJr14B. Kerrure ca eApl,r 14 MHoro cu nro6pa:agar. Bcu.rxr,r Ka3Ba-[r4, rte ,[orrIJIH Aa rIpOCfiT rrpHqTencTBOTo Ha Alercag.utp, H g
He3aBUCHMr,r [JreMeHa,

Tyra lorunn rpli AlercaHgtp

A-nercasAtp noBeJr rrpe3

HHBr.{Te, KaTO 3a[OBfl[an Ha nexoTItHuHTe aa TIOBAN'IT KJIACOBETE C HABEAEHH KOTII'Iff V TTN AA HANPETBAT' AOKATO

AI4OAOP, I4cropu.recxa 6n6ruorexa (onxucunrc no I4'I:ilL.

cTHrHaT He3acerr4 noJlfl. KoHHIIUI'ITe rn cJreABanil' AoKaTo Qalaxrara BbpBflna rlpe3 HI,IBtra. Karo H3ne3JII{ B Heo6pa6oreHo Mt-cro, caM Anexcannip oTBeJr KoHHHUr,rTe KbM AqcHoTo Kpl,rno, a Ha HHKaHop 3aroBf[an Aa roBeAe $alaHrara B Kape. fernte He yAbpxaJllr Aopt{ 11bpBgr Hanop Ha KoHH]rqr,rTe: cMerocTTa Ha AneKcaHA'bp I4M Ce BTK,IIaJIa HeBeporTHa, fAeTo T'bfi JrecHo [peMr,rHaJr l4cTtp, Hafi-ronflMaTa peKa' B eAHa HouI, 6es na HanpaBr,r MocT rlpe3 6poua: rbcToTaTa Ha oaJlaHfaTa IT CI,IJIHOTO HANAAEHI,IE HA KOHHLIIIATA lIM BAIXBAJII{ CTPAX. VI T'ri'T

c.

195

ct.)

rrbpBoM v36flr:anil B rpaAa, KofrTo 6ul Aaleq or L4Crrp OKOJIO eAHa flapacaHra, Ho KaTo Br,taenr{, qe AJIeKcaHAbp, 3a Aa He Ao[ycHe nexoTaTa Ia 6bAe 3aO6uKOIeHa HflKbAe OT cKpI,tTHTe B 3acaAa reTH' BoAeJI 6tpSO Qalanrara fioKpafr peKara, a KoHHI'Iuara pa3rlono)Kvtr Ha Qpoura'
38

X\{II 14,2-4.IInsuMax HanaaHar o6,racrnre a Tpaxna. Tofr xavepnn uap ceBT, pa3iloJro)KeH Ha craH c IlBaftcer xvtLfl,\v nexort4HrrH H oceM xr4ltfl AH KOH H H Ur,f , HO He Ce yr u a [rr4Jr or foJrqMara uy rofi cxa, a 3a Bbp3an cpa)KeHue c BapBapl4Te, MaKap lla ltMan BcH(IKo rIexorI4HIII4 He floBerle or qer?rplf xunfln'v t4 \Be xultr!.H KoHHr,rrIH. Tofi rn npeBb3xoxAaJr no xpa6pocr, Ho r4M orcrb[BaJr rro KoJrr4qec'rBo. Bce nax Jln3nl,rax BoAeJr ynopHTo cpa)KeH}{e fi, Karo sary6nr MHo3UHa OT CBOHTe W US6:1.x, MHOrO noBe(le or Hellptltrervre, 3aBbpHaJI ce B craHa ca cbc cbMHHTeJIHa ncr6era. Torasa BofrcKr4Te Ha aBere crpaHr,{ 6unu ugrerJreHu oT
39

noJrecpaxeHI,IeTo

ce 3aeJI I{ c no-roneMI/I IIpHI'OTOBJIeHHt 3a peluI4TeJIHO

cpaxeHHe.

XXI 11. Tparure, Karo nJIeHHlu Aratoxt,!r, cuHa Ha uap JIn3unaax, flycHanH ro La cH BbpBI4 c MHOno noAapbuH, oTr{acTLI noHexe ncKalH aa
cH qOserOIrc6nga [OCTt'[Ka Aa Cl,t [OnyqaT O6paTHO 3eMtTa, KOnTOJItaSHL{aXHM 6I4n OTHen. Te HeCe Ha,l1tBaJII'I Beqe Ila Morar aa ro [o6eAqr BbB BoftHara, T'bft Karo notlru BCHI{KI'I HailcHJrHr,r qape ce pa36paru 14 ce cbIo3HJlt{ Cpeuy rflx. XXI 12. Koraro BofrcKara Ha JIH3I4Max l{3naAHana B 3arpy'[HeHo noro)KeHHe nopa,un HeAocTlII Ha xpaHa v [tpt4flTenl1.Te My ro cT,BeTBaJIH \a ce cnacv1 KaKTO MOXe, r43TbKBaftKr4, qe 3a BofrcKaTa HtMa HnKaKBa
rrOHe)Ke Ce HaAsBanI,t qpe3 Ta3I4

HanHBaJl BtrHo B cpe6bpHH H 3naTHr4 rrlulu, a Ha cBoI4Te JIIOAe - B qaIUU OT por H A},pBO, KaKTO 6ur O6uqasT y IeTuTe. KOrarO rlupbT 6nr e pa3rapa cn, Tofi HarlbJlHHn Hafr-roreMr4q poF, o6bpHaJr ce KbM JIH3r4Max c o6pl,ueHnero,,TarKo" u ro 3anuran Koe yroueHae My ce crpyBa nor4Jil4 TpaKHfrcKoro. A roraro JIHguuax orroBopt4n, rte MaKeIloHcKoro My ce crpyBa no-^[ocrof Ho, Tofr Ka3an: ,,3aulo roraBa ch ocraBI,rn raKHBa o6nrlan t4 TaK'bB pa3KolxeH

ocl{ryprr y6exuute cpeury [peBparHocrHTe Ha cl.u6ara, orqacrl'I

aocrofrHo 3a etrHH uap - MaKe[oHcKoro

OTrOpe Ha TOBa CnaBHOTO Cr4 UapCTBO 14 C14 uo)Kenan ,Ila AOfrIleUr KOr4T0 )Kr,rBeqT cKoTcKr,r )Kr4BOT, r,r To B eAHa cypoBa cTpa Ha, KorTo He pa)Kn a 06r a fopoaeHH nn oaose ? Kaxeo re e rrpr,rHyAlrno

XHBOT

14

npn xopa BapBapn,

Tbii HeecrecrBeHo Ila aoBeAeu BofrcKa B TaKnBa Mecra, B

3acTaHaJraTa Ha

KoHTo

orKprrro qy)KAo3eMHa BoficKa

He Mo)Ke aa ce cflacr4?"

H lpHrrTeII4Te CV vt CaM [a nOTbpCH 3a Ce6e Cn nO3OpHO craceHHe. uapnr Ha rpaKl4Te ApoMI4Xer nocpeuHaJl BbB BCffKO orHorxeHge lpnflTencKl,I uap JII'r3uMax, KOfrTO 61,1r tr,'IeHeH' npueJl FO nlo6e3Ho, HapeK'bJl ro ,,TarKo" 14 fo orBer cbc cl4HoBere My B fpaAa' HMeHyBaH Xe,rnC. KarO 6nla [neHeHa 14 BOftCKaTa Ha JIH3I4MaX, TpaKI4Te ce cb6par14 Lr fpl,MKO rroncKarn aa AoBeAaT 11pH Tfx rrJleHeHr4t uap, 3a .rla ro HaKa)KaT. Te Ka3BaJrr,r, qe Tpfl6Ba aa ce Aaae B63MOXHOCT Ha BoftcKara, Korro yrracrByBara B onacHocrt{Te' Aa pe[rl4' KaK tra ce 1tocrbn14 c [neHHHugre. Ao flpor.,r11xer ce o6qe6r flporuB HaKa3aHuero Ha Uapq il O6gCHI4I Ha BOfrHHUHTe, qe e [O-AO6pe !a rO 3arra3tT' 3aIIOTO' aKo 6.baeJl nofy6eH, apyrll qape uenn Aa 3aeMaT BracTTa Ha JIH3tIMax, Mo)Ke 6H [o-cTparuHtr oT Hero, a aKo 6bAeJr 3a[a3eH, rqtn Aa ocTaHe c
BOfrCKaTa [.bJr)KuMaTa 6rarOAapuOCT KbM TpaKI,ITe 3a CnaCeHI{eTO CI4 I{ Te IISJII{ Aa [OJryqaT O6parHO, 6eS la Ce H3JIaraT Ha O1aCHOCTH' KpeIIOCTllTe, KOI4TO

Ha!e)K.[a

3a CItaCeHI4e, TOfi I,tM OTrOBOpun, qe He e IIpaBHnHO ;1a H3OCTaBH

KoraTo Jlugnvrax orBbpHaJI Ha TOBa, qe He 3HaeJI MbrIHOTr4r,rre Ha ra3v BoftHa r,r qe 3aHa[pe.u ue ce oflr{Ta Aa My 6'bAe rrpHrreJr }r cbro3HHK r,r Aa My ce oTruraTr4 c 6JraroaapHocT, 3a [a He ocTaHe Ha3aII oT Te3H, Kor4To ca My cropr4JrH ao6po, ,lpounxer H3cnyrxaJr 6larocr,rosHo ayMHTe My,

fionfrun o6parHoorHerhre Myor rrr,JrKoBoAUHTe Ha Jlu3nuax Kpenocrpr, r{, KaTo My cJroxun KopoHa, r43npaT[Jr ro B uapcrBoro My.

IOJII4EH, BoeuHn xr.rrpocrlr (onxucrnt no nTM,

c. 347)

ft

#
$
tr { ,f
ta
l.
{n;

no-paHo 6uln rexgu. cneu KaTo BoilcKaTa ce cbrJlacnna c Hero, .[povl,rxer I,r3ar4pI,IJI Me)KIly gJIeHHHuHTe npnflTeJIHTe Ha JII'I3I'rMax H

VII 25. Apounxer 6nn rpaxufrcKrl uap, a JIH3HMax MaKeAoHcKr4. Maxeaoseubr BoroBaJr cpeuy Tpaxua, Ho rpaKuerl'br ro HaiIXHTpr,rJr. Boesaqarsr4K'br My Ceer Aolurn [pr4 Jlnsprruax noA flpe,[noF, qe e 6erreq u, Karo cfierreJr r4Jr aoBepnero My, THKHaJT MaKeAoHr4Te B HeyAo6HH Mecra. Tavr.[porvrnxer rH HanaAHaJr, KaKTo 6uru u3urqBaHr.r or rJIaA H xa)K,[a, H rrory6HJr calr',nfl JlHguvax n Bcr{rrKH, KoHTo 6uns c Hero. A 3arHHaJrHTe JlnsHr\aaxosr4 xopa 6u.nn cro xvrfl,,j,il.
ilOMIIEIZ TPO| (ontrccunte no nTM, c.247-251) XXIV 4. lanure, tluero HaceneHne 6ulo rlft MHoro6pofrHo, qe
3eMHTe HM He MOrJrr4 Aa fH [O6epaT, r,r3npaTHJrH KaTO qe Jrr,r rro o6uqaq 3aceJrBaHe.

Te3H, KOr,rTO O$HKHOBeHO My 11puCJIyxBAilt , V rI4 3aBeJI npPI lIeHeHI4t qap. creA TOBa h3BbprxnJr xepTBorrpHHorxeHHe, noKaHHJI Ha yrolueHl{e Jlngnuax 3aeAHo c flpuflTeJll{Te My 14 Hail-6ru3KnTe cu JIIoAe I{3MexAy TpaKuTe. Tofr npurorBr,rn ABa AuBaHa 3a JIr,r3r4Max I{ 3a HefoBHTe xopa ?r ru rlocrnan c nneHeHHTe IIapcKI'I nocrerKl'l' a 3a ce6e cu v 3A CBOI'ITe Apyrapu Hapeal4n [pocrl4 AuBAHvLIIOKpnrH ct'c cnaMa. ctuo'raxa 6nlu ilpuroTBeHpr lBa Br,r1a flcTt4fl. Ha rqx croxr4Jr Ha cpe6'bpHa Maca ronfMo

f: 's
.t;
,1,

Ha cBer[eHara npoJrer rpHcra xvnflIlw lytxr.r Aa Ar,rpqr HoBr4 Mecra 3a or rqx 3aceAHara Bl rarnn eAHa qacr, rpeB3eJra AOpH PHM

lr3o6uJtHe OT pa3HOO6pa3HH rO36H, a Ha TpaKI4Te CKpOMHO IIpHroTBeHI4 3eneHrtyUr,t n MeCO Bbpxy npocTa AbCqeHa Maca' Hafr-ceTHe Ha Tfix 40

,j

u ro o[ox(apHra; lpyra rracr, yn'brBaHa or IITr,ruH (or rcnvrn HapoALr raJruTe ca Hail-Beulr,r B flTuuefaaaeHero), npoHHKHan azwtupua I,r KaTo r43B'bprIrHJra crparxHa cer{ Haa BapBapure, 3aceaHana e fIaHOHraq. Tosa
41

clpoBo, cMeno

BofrHcrBeHo IIJIeMe npeMHHaJIo HelpeoAonHMI4Te Br4COrtrrHLr Ha AJrrrnTe !r HeAOCTbIIHI{Te HM I]OpAALI CryAa MeCTa 3a npbB rrbr cne,rl Xepaxu, KoMyro rr,KMo raKbB eAIIH norBnr ochrypltJl np?r3HaHuero na xpa6pocrra My v Bflpara r 6e:cr'ltprnero uy. CleA xaro no6e,uHJrr4 flaHoHurdre, Te BoAI,IJIH B [poAbJlxeHue Ha MHoro oAbp3ocreHu orcBot roar4H14 pa3nnqHH softH14 ct c cbcerHnre HapolLH 't, ycilex, ce pa3lenHnH Ha ABe tpyIIH, or Kol4To eaHara HaxnyJla a ftpunn, a Jlpyrara - e MareAoHtlfl, vglvtBlirKu utnoro HaceJIeHI4e, Koero HM ce H3[perIBaJIo Ha nr,Tfl. Crpaxrr or raJIHTe 6Hr ro,rroea roJltt\l, tte Aopt{

unu ug6uru. Koraro roBa craHano I43BecrHo B IIflna MareAoHna, rpaAoBere 3arBopHJIn BparHTe cu u cxpl6 I'l3n'bnHuJIa crpaHara. EAun
OnJraKBaJlH Ha CUHOBeT9 Cla', A Apyrl4 TpbnHeJM 3a yqaCTTa Ha CBOHTS rpaAOBe; Te npt436Ba nv HMeHaTa Ha CBOI{Te Ilape AIeKCaHA'bp Ll qe Ournn, Karo raKnBa Ha 6oroee - iloKpoBHTeJIlt' h Ka3BaJII4 npu ToBa'

{,
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t

6uar Har'a[Harv,ao6pouo,ruo orKyIIBaJrt4 c orpoMHa cyMa Mr4pa. Cavo MaKeloHcKnflr luap l-lroleuefi He ce yrnaunJl or
uape, 6e:
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il

UapyBaHeTO uv MarceA Ouws 6nna He CaMO 3a 11a3eHa OT HaI]aCT, HO OuIe 6nr a no6eAnJI a llennt csRr. Te rn l\4onen I'I aa 3a tuqT;1r cBoero oreqecrBo, Koero qpe3 cnaBara Ha rIor.Bh3HTe I'IM 6ulo npzpaBHeHo c He6ero' H,II'a rroaHecar lloMoru Ha HeulacrHHTe, KOI'ITO nyAOCTTa rA 6e:pasclacrBoro
B

na Uap flroneueii nory6eana. flpn rona sceo6uo oTqaflHl4e COcreH,

e.ur4H

npncruraHero nM, Ho noATHKHar o'r Qypr,rnre, Mtcrnrelxn vexay 6n ra:Ku, orrllrlbJl Hacpeua uM c ulena xopa e 6e:peaHoc't crosHl{e, Karo qe ru sofrHr.r ce Bbpllrar rIo-JIecHo, orKoJtKoro flpectbnneHras. Toil He 3atreJr aopH rlpaTeHtlllldTe Ha AapAaHHTe, KoHTo My [peAlaraJlH noMorq or ABaAecer xunflat4 llyl.trl v cBp'bx roBa ru o6ngul, Karo Ka3aJI,
ua

y6nfrcraa

orflpaBrrr Mor6u xtv 6oronere, ct6pan Mnaae)KTa, o6y:ual o[nsHeHHTe Or nO6eAatA rAnV u 3aIUI4THJI Maxe,UOHuq OT Bpaxe6KO OtlyCTOIxeHue. flopanu rvflycnytu ua xpa6peua, B'bnpeKH Hu3Kt4tt My rpol'l3xoA' aKo H
MHO3r,rHa 3HaTHI4 lJa CA Ce CTpeMenH KbM UapCKa BJIaCT, TOli 3aCTaHaJI

or

MaKeroHcKt4Te IIbpBeHuI'1,

cultaftxu,

qe He e cera BpeMe aa ce

qe c MareAoHr,rt e cBT,prxeHo, aKo rt, cneA Karo caMa e noKopt4ra uenl'rff I43rox, cena ce Hy)KAae or ,[apAaHHTe, 3a Aa 3aIuIdrH TpaHHIIHTe cu;

Haqeno Ha Hapoaa. A roraro BofrcKara ro npoBb3rnacnJla la uap, rofr HaKapaJr BofrHHuure Aa My ce 3aKbnHar He Karo Ha uap, a Karo Ha
[peABo,uHTen.

HeroBHTe eofrHr,rqu 6lrnu cprHose Ha oHI,Ifl, KoHTo ttoA KoMaHAara Ha

6. Mexny roea Epeu, ilpeABoAt'ITerxr Ha raJII'{Te' KoHTo HaxJlynu

ArercanArp Bennxn 6nlu no6eAultr \ernrt csqr. Ho uIoM THt

IIyMI4

6unn cr,o6rqeHH Ha [apAaHcKufl uap, Tofr Ka3ar, qe cJIaBHoro MaKeAoHcKo qapcrBo urflno B Kbco BpeMe Aa rlponaAHe, nopaAl4 6espasctAuocrra Ha He3pernq roHo[]4. 5. I-arnre, [peABo)K,[aHu or Eenrnia, uznparunH npareHnuv npu flroleuefr, 3a aa y3Haqr HacrpoeHnero Ha MaKeAoHIdre 14 My rtpe.[.rIoxllJlI4 MHp, aKo )Kenae Aa ro orKynn. Ho llroreueft, roftro ce xBannJI MexAy cBor{Te, qe raJrHTe r4cKar MHp or crpax npeA nofiuara, ce Abpxan He IIoManKo Apb3Ko H npeA npareHl,lul4Te, Karo WIN.I3aflBktJt, qe MI'Ip u.nJI Aa
cKJlrorrr4 c Trrx, caMo aKo My npeAaAaT npeAr,t ToBa cBoHTe BoxAoBe KaTo 3ano)KHHuH H cAaAar opbxuero cI,t; rofr urqr Aa L{Ma AoBepue B Tsx, caMo

ftpqHn, Ce HayttLIJI, qe cboTeqeCTBeHHUI4Te My, IIpeABOxJlaHI4 OT nO6eAnln MaKeJIOHI,tTe. HeAOeOneH, qe CJIeA TaKaBa rlO6eAa

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47

Bra.ilerern. flo6eaqr JIu eaHoto or rsx, TyraKcH Ha HeroBo Mtlcro ce rrorBrBarrpr{Ma olue IIo-cI,uIHtt or nbpBl4t. BneaurufrunTe He flocrl'rrar Hntuo c orcrbrrKH, c nJlatuaHe Ha laHbun ll c aofoBopl4, 3aluoro HaflpaBrr nr4 HflKoMy HtKaKBa oTcTbnKa, Te cu HaBruqaT TbKMo 3apaAI4 ToBa ner rrbrll noBeqe BparoBe. Ero :auo re ce HaMupar B cbcroqHue Ha rpyaHa softHa. A nva Jl14 Heuro tlo-onacHo or sofiHara cbc cbceAH' oco6eso Koraro re ca BapBapn? Ho el4gaHrnfrqure, KoHTo H3urro ca orAaAeHr,r na 6op6ara c re3u onacHocrn orKbM cylrlara, Tbprltlr ocBeH BcvtqKht lpynu 6eacrBnt' KoI4To c'bnpoBo)KAar BofrHara, 14 TaHTaroBI4 M',bKr4, CnOpeA AyMr,rre Ha fioera. Te sraaegr I43BbHpelHo nnoAopoAHa 3eMtt A, Karo r o6pa6ornar, Tfl tvt \apflBa c Hso6HrHIa lt npeB'b3xoaHl4 flJrolloBe, Ho BapBapl,lTe ce IIosBflBaT H yHl,tllloxaBar eaHa t{acT or Tsx, a lpyrara cr6rapat fi orsacsr ctc ce6e cn. Toraaa, Karo ocraBHM HacrpaHa fioJroxeHnfl TpyA LI Ha[paBeHI4Te pa3xo]IH,caMara fJr[K?, Korro fipeAcra BJIfi Bar yHl4ttlo)Ke HHTe npeKpacHH IIJI o,u,oBe, oileqarfl Ba Arl6crro sIa3aHrnfrul4re. Vl Br,[peKH BcI4tIKo roBa re noHactnn no HaBHK sor.iHara c rpaKI4Te u 3anaSurtv noflJIHo lra'pBoHaqarHlrTe cH orHoueHr4fl c ocraHaJlI4Te rbpun. floloxesnero Ha Bl{3aHrufruure ce BnourHJro r43Ba,HpeaHo MHoro, KoFaTo Ha BcutIKo oTFope ce npn6arnln 14 I-anaruTe IIoA rtpeABollnrencrBoro ua Kouosropufr. IV 46. Tegn rararr,I HarrycHaJrn poALIHara cu 3ae,[Ho c oHllfl, KoHTo 6nlu rrpeteo)KAaHu o'r Epen. C"uea raro ycrtern aa ce orbpBar or onacHocrra, H a Kofl To ce I{3JIoXH.}I H B .[,elQu, re oruuu u Ha XeJIecIloHTa' Ho He ce npexB'bpJIptJIH B Mana A3ua, a ocraHanu raM, 3auroro oKoJrHocrnre ua BugaurnoH MHoro I,IM Ao[arHanll. CreA rosa re
cpasrarn rpaKr{Te H, Karo npeBbpHaJIH rpaAa Tune B croJll{ua Ha cBoero uapcrBo, nocraBI,IJItI su:axrufrIrldre a xpafiuo oflacHo noloxeHue. flpn rrbpBr4Te HatlaaeHHf Ha KeJITI{Te [pe3 BpeMe Ha uapyBaHero Ha nbpBl4f r{M uap Konaouropnit, su3aHrvrtul{Te ce orbpBaJIH nocpellcrBoM orKyNU, KATO HM TIJIAUIAJIN IIO TPH, NO NET, A NOH'KOTA H NO AECET 3JIATHH crarepa, 3a Aa He orlycrottraBar 3eMqra uv. Harpan re6utn 3acraBeHH

nono)KeHne, B Koero ce HaMupaJrpr. Trft xaro o6aqe eruHHTe He o6rpHalu oco6eHo BHHMaHne ua ruon6vre HM) rnaanrlrfiqure ce nplrHyAunv la Haroxar Mnro Ha xopa6nre, Kor,rro BrH3aJrr4 e floHra. VI 52. I{apnr Ha raJraruTe Kaaap aorrrbJr npeq BneaHrnon. Tofr norox(HJr rorqMo crapa}l.ue Aa npeKparn sofrHara n flpycufi, n
atagaHrI4frUHTe ce BcJryrxaJlH B

VlIl 22. I-{apnr ua rpaxnitcKr{Te ranaru Kasap, xofiro 6Hl

r,rM

xenaHuero My.

no

rlp?rpoAa HavcrvHa uapcTBeH r{ BeJrr,rKoAyrrreH, npeAocTaBrJI roJrrMa c[rypHocr Ha rbproBuure, KoHTo u4Baru r flouta, a Ha Br43aHTuiawre

oKa3ar roJreMr,t ycnyrn sta eofiHnre

c rpaKHTe

r.r Br,rrr,tHuuTe.

AA NJIAUIAT HA KEJITHTE NO OCEMACCET TAJIAHTA EXETOUHO I'T TOBA rrpoAlJr)Klrno Aoptt Ao qapyBaHero Ha uap Karap, Koraro uMeHHo uapcrBoro Ha KeJITI4Te 6nlo pasrpoMeHo I'l qqnoro [JIeMe 3arpl'rro or TpaKure, Koltro Ha ceofr peA craHaJII4 locnorapn Ha Bn3aHrn[qure.
Wsna:A*anu B eAHo raKoBa noloxeune ll lt3M'bqBaHH or re)KKI{Te aaHburl, en3aHruiluhre I43nparI,IJIH orHarlaro npareHl'ruu B pa3r IrqHI4Te

fi
$
rl

cbceAHu rpaAoBe

pron6a 3a noMour
48

lI

rloAKpe[a

6eAcreenoro

tr

49

Er{T m BOEHHO AEJrO

XEPOAOT,Wcropuu (ommcunte no WM, c.23 ct.)

3. '|pa*tritcrcunr Hapor cnel, vttttr,uftcKt4fl, e nafi-rorqM or Bcr4qKfi HapoAr,r. A5o roft ce ynpaBJrrBarrre oT eAr,rH rocrroAap r,r 6erue eAlrHoAy_ ureH, rofi 6n 6ut, no Moe MHeHue, seno6eAnu }I MHoro no-cr,rJleH or BcurrKr.r HapoAr,r. Ho rosa He e Bb3MoxHo r,t Haliann Moxe Aa craHe HflKOra; n 3aroBa ca caa6n. Tpaxnre Hocrr MHoro HMeHa, BC'KO nJreMe cnopeA crpaHara cH; HO BCHqKn re uMar npn6lusureJrHo elHaKBu o6uqam BbB BcffKo orHolrreHl,re, c r,r3KJIIoqeHne Ha rerldre, TpaBcure u

{i

B cBoero "ipear Apyro Karo6escurprne, no-paHotrparcure nocrBnBar BbB BCHrrKo ocru"anrterpaKu; carrao fipr,r pax,[aHe r,r cMbpT BbpluaT cneAHoTo: CpOAHr,ruHTe HacqABaT oKoro HoBopoAeHI'lt u ro orIJIaKBaT, qe TorKoBa MHoro 3JII4HLI rpa6ea Aa r,r3Tbpnlrr rrloM BeEHbx ce e pornJr, u rrpv roBa r,rgpexqar BCr4rrKr4 qoBeluKH naTnna; yMpeJrr{r nrx norpe6Bar B 3eMrra c paaocr r,r BeceJrr{e, xaro ras6porBar, oT KoJTKO gntu$u ce e orbpBal, u nemrrar nbJrHoro uy 6aaxeHcmo. S.Tun, Kor,rro )Kr,IBerr HaA KpecroH,Te, nocrbnBar raKa: BceKH nMa MHoro xeHv; Kotaro nqrofi ytvlpe craBa roJrrM cflop MexlyxeHr{Te My,
Ka3ax

TpaKr{Te, KoHTo )tc{Berr HaA Kpecronure. 4. Tora, trlo Btprrrar rernTe, KoHTo

l.
'

rIbK

I,I

c Mbx(a cn. ocraHaJrr4Te nbK xeHr,r cKbp6xr rarpAe uHoro, SarrloTo e 3a rrx Hafi-ro.[qM no3op. 6. OcraHaanre rpaKlr taMar cJreAHnre o6uqan: Te npoAaBar Aeqara n po6cmo Ha ,{yJK6r,rHa; AeBr.rur,rre He ru na3rr, aw}ttuocraBrr Ea ce aBar c Mb)Kere no csofi n:6op; HanporlrB, oMbxeHr{Te tKeHu na3flT Te cr,r KyrryBar xeHure or polr,rrenure nM cpeqy Mr{oro fiapfi. 6rAeur HarrrapeH c 6ere3u, ce cqr'Ta sa 6aaropoAuo; xoftro uaua 6enesn xe e 6laropo,ueu. ,[a crordrrr npa3eH, ToBa ce cMRTa naft-ry6ano, o6pa6oraaru 3eMrra:Hafi-6esqecrHo, Aa xr,rBeeuror roftHa u rpa6ex i'naft-xy6aeo. Toga ca Hafi-sa6erexnreJrHr,rre nu o6uqan. I ion-.....--.j. 8. Eorarrre ce norpe6rar raKa: rpyna rbpxar rsnofelr rpr.r AHr{
KOJTTT pa3Hr,r xepTBeHrr Xr,rBOTHtr H Ce yroqaear, raro naft_ anpeE o[JraKBar yl,penufl; cJreA ToBa ro norpe6ear, Karo ro H3rapflT n npocro ro 3apaBrr B 3eMflTa. fIOCre H3Alrrar Mofr,ura n ycrpoftnar

Ha KoflTo ce npr43Hae ra3r,r qecr, TbpxecrBeHo ce 3aHacr oT Mbxe v >KeHr4 na rpo6a, KbAero ce ilpnP'acn B xeprBa or nafi-6rns Kvtf, ct4poAHHHa, H CJreA'TOBa Ce nOrpe6ra 3aeAHo

vy e 6nna saft:lro6uvra. W ra3u,

IPN'ITEJII4TE MY TIOJIATAT TOJIEMI,I

YCI'/ITII4'-,AA

Y3HA,T KO, OT XEHI,TTE

53

pa3HH C.bCTe3aTenHH Hrph, npu TOBa Hafr-l6neMI4 HarpaA6 Ce OflpetrenflT

Ka3Ba

Op6er, Lr rt4 ilocraBtr B e3eporo; BceKI4 o6aqe

BOAH

I]o

r\'lHono

aa eAuHo6opcrBoro c[opeA 3HaqeHnero My' TaKoBa e norpe6eHHero y TpaKHTe. I 2. Cn egH ara cryr{Ka Bb3 6yau n a y \ap ufr c Hn Ho )KeJl a H He aa 3a rloBtAa Ha Mera6a3 Aa noKoph neoHHTe H Aa fH npecenH OT EBpO[a B A3I4s.

Koraro .[apnfr npeMnHan n A3nl, ,[BaMa neoHl4, flrarper u MautHec,

)KenaeilKH tra craHar BJlatrerenH Ha [eoHI4Te' AoIIIJI14 e capln:aeAHo c'bc cecrpa cH, eapa n xy6aea )KeHa. Te u:uaplnru MoMeHTa' Koraro \apuia orceAHan xpafi tnguficKara cron}Illa,3a aa c'ba]I H HarlpaBHJIU CneAHoro: HaKuqr,rnh cecTpa cH, KoJrKoTo MofJrH naft-xy6ano, u fl [paTHJIH Cbc cbA Ha fJIaBaTa 3a Botra; [pI,I ToBa Tf BotreJIa KoH, Bbp3aH 3a p.I,KaTa' I{ fipeJla

)KeHH. TaNa xfiseqr no cJreAHr4rr HatIHH: BceKI4 HMa Bbpxy cKenflTa eaHa KOJrH6a, B KOnrO )KHBee, V gIIl/lH Ka[aK, KofrTo BOAH IIpe3 cKentra Aony B e3eporo. Ma.nrcnre aerla Bpb3Bar 3a KpaKa c Bbx(e, or crpax lla He ce TbpKynHar aoJry. Ha KoHere cv v Ha tro6urbKa cn \aBar sa xpaHa pn6a; Tfl CE BbAH B TAKOBA TOJ'I'IMO KONHTIECTBO, TIE AKO H'KOfr OTBOPH KA[AKA, cllycHe c Bb)Ke npa3Ha KolllHuua H cneA I\,IaJlKo f v3Telrv, Tf e Beqe nl,nHa c pu6a. Pu6a nva ABa BuAa: eaHara Hapnqar flanpaKc, Apyrara
T}4JIOH.

OBl

Alr{rn,

Trrrre

(onrxrcunte no I4TM, c. 176)

leH.

xpafr tOaa MflCTO, rlpHBnqKna BHuMaHr4ero xa ,[apufi, 3auloro roBa Lxto Bbplrena, ue 6ulo o6nqafr Hrrro y nepcnfrcxnre, HHTO y nu\uitcxure' HHTo Hgo6uo y Ilpylnre a3HaTCKH xeHH. Vl rrfi, xarO ga6enq3aI TOBa, .[apnfr [paTHJI HtKOI4 OT
KOTaTO )KeHaTa MuHaBaJra
TenOXpaHI4T eIATecH Aa flpocneAflT )KeHaTa, KaKBO ule trpaB14 C roHs.
Ha11or411a KOHq , CJIeL TOBa

V 7r 9-221 39-50. ...

rrpeacTaB,'rrBa cN{ecHua HeAOyCMnpeHfiTe ferH.

or

Hace,reHnero Ha rpari6peNr,rero, aKo H Aa rbpuH H reTI4, Il0nytlaBa ceoq o6rhx or

BH)KAar

Te

fl fipocne,uglu. Koraro aotxJra rrpr4 peKaTa, Tq HanarJlHr,rna cbAa c BoAa n ce BbpHaJIa no cbIlIH'I [tT' KaTO HOCena Ha fnaBara cH Boaa, Boaena KoHq c pbKa u Bbprflna BpereHoro' 13. v.lylen oT pa3Ka3a Ha cbrneaBarruTe rd oT ToBa, KoeTo caM Bnafln, q .[apnft 3anoBfl.[an aa aoBeaaT )KeHaTa. Koraro [oBeIH, fiBHnH Ce 6parara ir, KouTo nrKbae oT6nneo sa6rrua aBarr:/.cTAHAlOrO.Ha Ba'npoca aa l,apuit, or FAe e, IoHoIIIHTe orroBopHnH qe ca neoHh' a xeHara e TqxHa cecrpa. .flaprafi no[uTaJI, KaKBU Ca re3H neoHH' Kbae r(HBeqr I'.I 3a qe ca Aorxrll Aa My ce noKoptT KaKBO Ca AOlUnr4 e capull. Te uy Ka3aJrH, qe fIeoHI'Ifl e pa3nonoxeHa npu pexa CrpnuoH' Kolro He Ao6poBonHo,

capMarh u terv aa orhBar ?l ,ua ce BPluIar Ha KoHe. Mexqy rfx HflMa HI4TO eaHH, xor,iro Aa He HocH Tyn H JII,K H cMbproHocHl4 crpeJIH, HailoeHu ct,c grvrnftcra orpoBa. fractr r,rM e AHB, H3paxeHHero Ha .rrfiuero - cBUpello, crrKalU 14Mar rrpeA ce6e cn cIMVfl, Mapc. Huxora plra He ce e [onr{pana n'o Kochre HM, Hl,lro e 6plcHana rexHI4Te 6paln. !,ecHHuara 6rpso HaHacfl y\apvuza6usa Hoxa, rofrro BceKH BapBapHH HocH orracaH Ha Kpbcra.(...) Aro Ha6rpaaBaM MecrHocrra, BH)KAaM npet ce6e cr4 Henpr{BernHBa MecrHocr, or Kotro He Moxe aa HMa HHtuo
Ha6lrcAaBaM JInAere, oTKpl{BaM, qe re TyK e[Ba ca AocrofiHu 3a roBa HMe - Te ca no-aI,IBI4 I,I no-cBupetrn, orKonKOTO BtJluure. Te se ce 6olr or 3aKoHHTe, Ho aaBaT npeaHuHa Ha cHnara npell cflpaBeAnr{Bocrra: npaBoro Jlexl4 noBaneHo or rexHHff soilHcrneH ve.r. foneur4Te cryAoBe re rrocpeluar c Koxycl4 H lxarBapr4; crpar.uHr4Te r,rM Jrr{ua ca noKpHTh c Abnrr4 rocn. Tyx-raM B e3HKa nM ce cpeuar cneAH or rp'brIKr,r, Ho H Te Berre ca ao6nrn BapBapcKH o6lnr or rercKoTo HM npoH3HoureHHe. HqNaa HHro e,Ilr4H troBeK cpeA To3H HapoA, xofrro c:ryuafrHo IIa Mo)Ke Aa Ka)Ke Ha naruHcKr e3vK KaKBaro v \a e
IIO-T'b)KHO B UenHr CB'T; aKO

Msoro no-qecro ce

no rlbrHlrlara

lU

e Aaneq oT XerecnoHra, u qe ca [oToMrIu Ha TeBKpr,tTe Or TpOn. Bcnqxo TOBa Te My pa3Ka3aJIn, a Tort TT9IIHTaJI IaJI14 BcLIrIKlt xeHH TaM ca TaKa pa6oTHH. Te panocruo My oTroBopnJrlr, qe ca TaKHBa, 3aUIOTO T},KMO 3a TOBa ypetrn

16. Tesu, Kor4To )Kr{BeeJr}r oKono nJraHHHaTa flanrefr I{ Ha e3epoTo flpacuaaa, xe 6tlln H3o6lqo noKopeHl4 or Mera6a3' Tofr ce o[I'traJI HaHcTI,IHa lla H3noHI4 VlTLlfl, KoI4TO )KUBeeJIH B CaMOTO e3epo no cnetr.HKfl

rv

rafl pa6ora.

o6uxuoreua ayua.

HaqHH:BcpeAaTaHae3epoTocToflTcBbp3aHHcKeJII,lBbpxyB}lcoKI,{ KOnoBe: KbM Tffx BoAI'l or cyuara caMo eaHH Mocr. KonoBere' Bbpxy
nOCraBtHH OT rpaxAaHl4Te xoftro 3aJLpy)KHO, HO CneATOBa Oflpeaenanu Aa ce nocTaBqTTaKa: BceKI,l,
KOTTTO CTOqT CKSJIhTe, B CTapO

AI4OIOP, l4cropuuecra 6u6rnorerca (onxtcunte no I4TM,

c. 200 c.t.)

BpeMe

6nlu

XXXIII frg. 14. Tpaxnfrcxnrr uap.[{HerrrHc, Karo nonyqhn uapcKara

ar acr n pa 6orr4Te My Heorra KBa
HO

cexeHH,AoHacfl3aBcflKaxeHanorpl4KonaornJIaHHHaTa'KoqTOCe
54

ce HapeaIan H ruacr,'r

Bo, He

ynpaBntBan

55

nonaHHul'lre cI'I KaTo npv9,renv n cr,Io3Ht4IrH, Ho BJIacrByBaJI HaA Tflx )KecroKo Karo HaA xynenu po6u r,rJrH nJreHeH:,/-HenpvflTenu. Tofr y6al no rl03()peH HaqnH rorau 6poft orrnqnu rpaKn, a He vra:rrx 6pofi n:re:aaan
KpacoTa He3acetHaTa, HVTTO CKA,IOTIeHHH HMOTH _ HeOTHeTI4, H qqlaTa cn Aa'p)r(aBa r43[bJlHHJr C 6e3.ruUCrea. Tofr orpa6aan u cbceAHr4Te rpr,uKl4 rpa,[oBe 14 or nJleHeHure eIIHH I43Te3aBaJI, a apyrl4 HaKa3BaJr cr,c crpatrrHH la ueo6nxnoBeHn Mbr{eHuq. Karo 3aBJraAsJr rpaa JIu3uuaxr.ra, xofrro 6nl rrotre;racreH Ha Aran, rofr ro ono)Kapr,rJr, a or nneHHlrunre n:6pa,r sa fr -:Harnure r{ rlpan o)Knn cnpfl Mo rro< oco6eun u Heo6nxsonen a HaKa3aHHq. Ha aeuara orcHr{an p},uere, KpaKara rnaB:,l|Te W rkl OKAqBAI HA BPATOBETE HA POAHTEJII4TE I4M, 3A AA fI,T HOC'IT. HA NAIXETC
H IIOANANAJI HA U3AEBATEJICTBA. HC OCTASTAI HHTO X(EHCKA, HHTO AETCKA

HeBpl,crHH n 6egnovourHta Aerra. Ha eAuu orrqx 6r.lrn gacu.raHH TeJIara Ha rrocoKrr, a Ha Apyrr4 6nlra orpnsBaHu FJraBure, p'buere r,r KpaKara. BnxnanH ce cburo He MaJrKo )KeHH c pa3roneHr,r rena 3a raBpa, rrfr raro 6tu n o6pe.l eHu Ha cMl'prHH HaKa3aHHt, cT,uro H BcflKaKbB BLIA no3opHH Aena r43B'bpruBaHH or 6egqoBe.rHHTe BapBapw. Tun \eflHnr rroKa3Banr,r 6ercpavuara nM )KecroKocr, a y MHo3HHa 3pvrenv v y re3v, Kor.rro

nMarw qyBcTBo 3a qoBeuIHHa, Te rrpeAH3BHKBan14 cb)KaneHne

HEIUACTHHU14TE.

K'bM

XXXN-XXXV frg. 12. 3u6e,rvnii, cunrr Ha flnerruc, cleleafrru ycr'pAHo 6aur4nara cr4 Kp'bBo)KaIIHocr n xpaHelirn oMpa3a KbM TpaKure nopa]{H ToBa, Koero re6ntucropun14 sa 6auta My, Ilocrr4rHan troraKaBa
xecroKocr n 6esqnscrBo, r{e ns6usan c urnoro cevefrcrno re3h, Kor,rro 6nr pa:rueneH. 3a o6nxHoseHra npoBhHeHufl e[HH pa3cr.rqan
Ha Ha

H )KEHHTE PA3MEH'JI OTCCqEHHTE qNCHOBE EII,HH C APYI-H. HA HflXOIT orpq3Ban pbuere 14pa3cvqan rrrroTo oTKa,M rrp6a, a [oHrKOra KapaJr Aa HoctT oTcetleHl{Te qacTH' HarbKHaTI4 Ha KorlHfl, Ta no )KecroKocr AaJrerf HatMr4HaBar caMla' @anaprac H KacaHAp14ilCXns rHpaHr,rH Anoro,uop. Karo ce ocraBflT HacrpaHa ApyrHTe vry y6uficrra, caMo or
eA?tH

cnyttafr 6a

uorlo

Aa ce 3aKJrror{r,r 3a

Koraro rpa3HyBan cnar6a no HqKaKbB Ctap rparnfrcrH o6laqafi, yJroBHJr KaKTo fl'bryBan14 ,rIBaMa MraAH rbprlu or Araroeoro uapcrBo. Te 6utu 6parn, Kor,rro ce orrilqaBaln c ry6ocrra cv. Ha erur.us 6pa,uara 6n.rra Ha6ora, a Apyrr4flT ToKy-uo AoroHBaJr ra3u Bb3pacr. flraernr,lc yBeHqan ABaMara no o6uqaq Ha xeprBeHuTe xr,rBorH:,1- A ru BbBeJr B ABopeqa cH. Tofr npocuan Ha,unb)K rro-MJrarufl, 3a Aa ro pa3ceqe no cpellaTa c noMorrrra Ha rrpflcJlyxHr,rqr,rre cu,vvr3Bt4KaJr, qe ue rpa6aa Aa cI4 cnyxar qacrHnTe nvr\a u qapere c eAHaKBH x(eprBeHn xHBorHr4. A xoraro no_ BbspacrHHflr 6par nJraqen H fipoflBflBal 6parcrara cu o6nv, xaro no.qJrafar ce6e cn noA Meqa,.[neuuc sarroBrraJ] Ha [pncJry)KHHL\]/IT.-C]H u Hefo Aa npocHar HaAJIbX. vAeOqeafrxH )KecroKocrra cn, ynyqun v .u,BaMara c eaHH yAap, Aoxaro 3pHTenHTe Bb3XBaJrflBarll1, c neaH IIoxBaTHocTTa My. Tofi n:ar,pruulr r,r MHoro Apyru 6e3.ruHcrea. XXXIII l'rg. 15. Atal, Karo r{yBar, ve .(neruuc 6vtn Mpa3eH or TIOAAHHIII,ITE CI{ NOPAAH KOPHCTOJIIO6NETO CH I,I IPEKOMEPHATA C}r xecroKocr, 3aeJr ce ycbpAHo Aa Bbpr.xr4 TorrHo o6paruoro. 3aroea ocso6oxAa ean rroBeKoJr K)6H so nreHe Hure rpaKuu rrfr cneqeJr HJr MHoro pa3nracHTerH ga co6crseHoro cH MHnocbpAHe. Ho.[nerurnc y3HaJr roBa }r tro.rlnoxun Ha crpauHH Lt3reBarerc'rsa n Heo6nKHoBeHH HaKa3AHUfl 3ano)KHHrrHTe Ha re3r,r, Kor,rro ro Harrycralu. Hxxou ot rnx 6unu
56

[peKoMepHara My )KecroKocr.

HaceqeHnTe r{N.r (racrr,r lroAHacrrn ua 6nu:xnre HM, Karo no,uHoBflBan oHe3H crapr4 yrorleHHfl Ha Tepei n Tuecr. Hafr-cerHe rpaKHTe ynoBr4nH 3u6etwuir. O6aqe 6H,ro noqru HeBb3Mo)KHo,tta ro HaKa)Kar fioorltenHo 3a BCsKo HeroBo lletHue. Ta xar 6u uor,ro etHo rflJlo Ila noHece 6e3.rHHcrsara, cropeHH crrpflMo turn Hapo;r? Bce r rar rece HaanpeBapBanr,t ilo B},3M0)KHOCT Ila H3,ro)KaT TrrJrOT0 My Ha BCgKaK'bB BI,{II faBpa r,l
OTMA'TUEHHC.

rracrn,,rlpyrh pa3lrbBan Ha Kpbcr, arperr4 )KI4Br,i H3rapqr. Tofr flocurraJr Aeqara rpea oqr.rre Ha pofvrenr{Te rrM H ,[opr{ B TexHHTe o6srus u

57

PEJII{I r[fl, yr IdA Eo JI Or.vlfl,

[AB3AHI4fiI, onucauue xa EraAa (onwrcam

no I4TM,

c.

313 ctt.)

ycrpoftcraoro Ha necHr,tre cr,t cBorlTe npeAxoAHr,ruu n npraao6r,rJr roJrffMo BJtHflHue, noHe)r(e BnpBarn, qe e orKpun 6oxnnre v.ucrepuu, orrHr.rleHr,rrra oT Her{ecrr,rBr,r AeJIa, reKapcrBaTa ga 6olectn n OMHJIOCTI,TB'BAHETO HA 6OXN' rXqS. PASTA3BAT, qE I(EHHTE HA TPAKHTE pe[IHnH Aa ro y6uat, noHexe 6un npugyMaJr Mbxere r{M aa ro cbnpoBoxAar B cKI{TaHilrra My' Ho rlopail}t crpax or Mb)Kere cr.r, He ce ocMeJIflBaJrH Aa cropsr rosa. O6aqe, Koraro ce Harrunw c Br,rHo, I43BbpruHnH Apb3KOTO IIeJTO H OTTOTaBa y Mbxere r{M ocraHaJr o6raqasr lla ce BTypBar B cpaxeHue. Hqxon o6aqe pa3Ka3Bar, ve OpQefr yAapeH or 6oxn rpbM, a 6un ynapeH oT rpbM 3apa\uayMrre, Ha yqlrr B MlrcrepnuTe xopara (re no-pauo He 3HaeJrr{ resr.r qykrr). A,or gpy13 grpaHa, ce pa3Ka3Ba, qe Koraro xeHa MyyMprJra [peAH HerO, rofi ornutn npn Aopxou e TecnporcKara 3eM, 3apaAn Hes, fioHexe t M HMaJr o HrrKora flpopxqaJr Hute, rAero nprrcoBaBar r,r yMpenr{Te. Opeefi
HcIr,'Jt, qe Ayurara Ha Egpr,rAura tIIe no nocJreABa, Ho ce H3Jrbrarr. 3aBbpHaJr or raM ce cauoy6ul or cxpt6. Tparnre pa3Ka3Bar, qe Korrro HMar nHe3Aa Bbpxy rpo6a na Opeefi, neern HflKaK no-

IX 30, 4-l2.Tener,a e uso6paseHa 3acTaHarra Ao TpaKr,reua Opeefr, oKono Kororo ca nao6paseHr,t or KaMbK r{ MeA 3BepoBe, Kor,tro cJryruar neBeua. hpuure BffpBaT KaKTO B MHO|O r,r pa3JrrrqHr,r HecburecrByBaru[ Heula, rtil u B ToBa, ve Opeefi 6ua cuu Ha Kaluona H To Ha My3ara,. a ue Ha l-ft,repoBara Abrrlepfl; rre 3BepoBere, npnBrfiqaHr{ or necHHTe My, oTuBailv npn Hero; qe 6nl crq3.br )r(r,tB B AAa, ga Aa r,r3Monl{ )KeHa cr,t or loA3eMHlrre 60roee. flo uoe MHeHHe opQeft e npeBb3xo),r(aaJr c

ilio,

lKo n no-Mon{no. A re3ll MaKeaoHr,I, KoHTO O6urasar 3eMflTa rroA Hr,rHara llnepunu rpa4a.[non, pa3npaBrr, ve OpQefi 6nny6urra:v, xeHnre. Koraro ce BbpBn no flbrt or .[,uon sa-trnut""ura H Ce MnHar ABaAecel cralvIfl' BAtcHo ce flonaAa Ha eAHa KonoHa c KaMeHHa la orlope' Kotrq KaKTo rBlpAflT MecrHHTe )KHTeJIH, clAbpxa Kocrr4Te opQeft. Tau reqe n e$Hapera Xelnxon. Te.reHrero ri lrgqegBa rroa utra, Karo ce H3Mr{Har oKoJro ceAeMAecer H ner craAuu. Ha pascro_ ne Haft-unoro ABaAeCer n ABa CTAA''IA OT TaM, BOAara orHoBo r,t3Jr[3a Xernxos noA HMero Eaenpa ce BJTHBa Karo nJraBareJrHa peKa B
lpeto. .[raacTrdre Ka3Bar, qe Ta3H peKa e TeKJra OTHaqaJIo BHHaru Ha Ha 3eMrra, Ho Koraro xeHHTe, Kouro y6unn Op$eft,
KAnH

\a ce H3MHTT

OT

KpbBTa, Ta3U peKa noT.bHana

3eMrTa, 3a

,qa

61

rlll;
1l

ce

pa3Ka3.
lil'
i

locraBn Boaa 3a oquureHlae or y6nfrcruoro. As 'tyx r Jlapuca n Apyr flpa Onr.rrran 14 To raM, KbAero rIJIaHUHara e o6lpHara KbM MareAoHnq, r4Maro rpaa Jlu6erpa 14 HeAaJreq oT fpaaa ce HaMr4pan rraMerHr4Kr,r Ha OpQefr. .[|o )KHTenI4Te na Jln6erpa Aotlrllo eII,Ho qe Koraro cJlt'Huero BHAH KocrHTe .tl,uouucoao IlpeAcKa3aHue orTpaxux' 111e 3arl,IHe oT cBnHx. |-paxlaHI4Te He Jlu6eTpa rpa4tr ToraBa na OpQet nOHe)Ke MI'lCJleJIH' qe Ha IIpeACKa3aHHeTO, BH14MaHIle O6tpUaln fonflMO He rue vMra v HflKaKbB Apyr 3Bgp, ToJIKOBa ronflM u cHreH' qe Aa
rlpeB3eMe TexHHfl rpaA, a n'bK CBl,IHqTa UMa [oBeqe A'bp3ocT, oTKoJIKOTO

xeHa CH. HO rOfr se ce ara Kpacora, noHexe aa6paB r4n [op.b qKHTe orHocHo Heq. A rt,fr yuee,r ,[a Ovariea 14 oMarbocBa c rrecHfiTe cH, rre .[opl4 3BepoBeTe 14 xtrlrlHHTe rrTHrIr4, Ta H ['bpBeTaTa, V KaN{-bHUTe fO cJreABaJln c yaoBoJtcrtlr,re. Tofr yMpfln, raro 6ul pa3KbcaH or rparufrH

cu flryrou n

l-lepCe<|rOua, Ta noJlyrtun B Aap

acn a)K.[a Bar Ha B'b3 Kp'r],c HaJr

CKHTE

MAKEAOHCKI,ITC XEHH, 3aIIIOTO HE I,IM IIO3BOJII4JI AA B3EMAT

yqacrr4e B oprr4r4Te, a Moxe 6n N nopanu .upyru npHqHHH.

HrrMaJI uracrue c )KeHa cH, Ka3Bar .te

llosexe

lrl

li,ti

i/i1l

ltl

cura. Ho no 6oxHe pelxeHl4e cryqnno I4M ce cneaHoro. Euns oBqap ce o6reruar Ha OpQeenua rpo6 Ha nnalHe n 3acflan H Karo cnaJl' rrpt4xBaHano rO Aa ttee neCHH Or OpQeenuTe H TO CbC CBOS CHJISH n rrprlflTeH r,raC. Hafr-6nil3KHTe rav O6nrarenu vt Opaqu IIOqHaJI14 .Ua HarrylllaT pa6orara cv v La ce ct6upar fiplt oBqapf, KaKTO fleen HacbH H rr() eAHo BpeMe, KaKTo ce 6,rlcrca,rH H IIpeIIl4pa,ru rofr Aa 6l,qe tlo6ru:rO ItO OBttapfl, O6tpua,rn KOnOHaTa. VpHara Ila.[Hana H Ce Cqylll4na, a cna,Huero 3l'pHano KaKBoro 6nlo ocrasano or KocrHTe ua OpQer'
Be,UHara npe3 HaCTbItHJlaTa nOU 6Or H3nflJI MHOrO AI)KA OT se6erO n TofaBa pera crcc - r43Me)KAy noTouHTe oKono olnun ce HaMnpa n crcc

lii

creHHTe xa Jln6erpa, pa3pyluHJla 6oxnure xpaMoBe I'r 14 BcHttKlt )KHBOTHH B rpaAa. MaKeaoHHTe or Auou 3aHecBeqe 3atw*any, CreA rarrr,ru6erpnfruHTe

- ct6opnla
Jrn TOfaBa,

rroBetuKt{Te xhJIntua, H3AaBI{na xopaTa

OpQefi, KaKTo no orAerHo cbBceM KparKo, cbuecrByBaurr,tre r{HCnO He e rOnflMO. JIUxOt'tUgnre rU TflXHOTO nOHe)Ke TaKa h r,{3UtJIO, ycrpofrcrro xuMHHTe na opQeft 6nxa flo npu MHcTepHure. 3HarT H rrerrT
XHMHI4 sa

B cBorr rpa,u. Bcern, xoftro ce e 3aHHMaBaJI trocra c floe3Hfl'

cnopea pa3K A3AHA

TOCTeHHHa

OrJIapnca, KocTr'rTe na opQefi

3Hae

rofr HaMpa3r4n \enwfl, xeHcKI4 poA. B onpegeleHn nHH MHo)KecrBo BT,opT,)KeHH TpaKl.t H MaKe,uoHH loxo)KItanr a JIu6erpa, rrero ce cr6upanu B noJrflMa n uo6pe HatrpaBeHa 3a Mucrepltn rrocrpofrra. Bnuaru, Koraro Blw3anu raM .rla npa3HyBar oprr4r4Te, Te ocraBrJl14 opr,)Kr,rero cu rrpeq BparHTe. )Keuure nste6lanu To3l,r MoMeHr, rpa6Halu opa,)Kr4flTa or fla, 3af,tlero He 6nlu yBa)KaBaHH, n nory6nlH Te3u, Kor4To r{M nofla\Harv, a or OpQeli rtc rro Kr,c xBbpnrJlH TyK-TaMe B Mopero. A xoraro crpaHara 6nla onycro[raBaHa or rJtar, rtfr xaro xeHfiTe He 6UtU gaXaZaHH, Te Ce 3aMOnHnh Ila ce cflpe crpauHara Haflacr H nonyqn,'rH npeacKa3aHne, qe rue ce oceo6ollrrr or 3Jroro, aKo HaMeprr n uorpe6ar rJraBara Ha OpQea. EAsa q HaMepr4nH c rroMorrrra Ha eanH pra6ap npr4 ycrnero Ha peKa Mener. frasara t,t ToraBa neena w se 6una HHKaK locrpaAana or MopeTo, HHTo no Hel l uqel n o6e:o6paslsaH :aflTa, KaKBnro sanactr 6<lrr.tHHTe Ha qoBerrrKara cMT,pr. Ts 6uta cBe)Ka 14 Bce orue crea ronKoBa BpeMe 6nra ugrrtlHeua c oue )KHBa KpbB. lA ltrt, Te fl B3en14 n rronpe6anfi rtoA eAHa fonrrMa MorulJra, KoflTo orpa,rlr4nu cbc cBerrleH gaop. I4:eecrHo BpeMe roBa uscro 6nro xepooH, a rro-K'bcHo ce HaJroxuJro Karo cBerur,r14rue. floqnri ce c )KeprBonpnHoueHne H c KaKBoro Apyro ce rarrar 6orosere, uo:a
)KeHr,r

MOrrn Aa ce rrocTaBrT Ha BTOpo uacro cle,u, oMHpOBr4Te, a B r43pa3f BaHe Ha noqHT rcru 6ora, Te Aopt'I rH HaAMIlHaBar'

e cbBbprueHo He.u.ocTa,IIHO.

KOHOH (onwucwne no tr4TM, c. 232 c,t-) B .rerupnlecer H nerplq orKbc ce pa3Ka3Ba, ue OpQefr, cHHt'T Ha ofrartp u sa Karuona, eaHa oT My3r{Te, uapyBaJ-r Haa MaKeAOHhTe I{ HaA O.rfpuCrara 3eMt, a Ce 3aHHMaBaJI C My3HKa l{ [peAHMHO C IIeeHe IIO.q c.b[poBoA Ha nHpa. 14 c rosa ce HpaBen oco6eso Ha Hapola, rrfr raro TpaKHTe H MaKeaoHHre o6rqar My3HKara. flpoc.naenl ce, ve 6ul qe OMaIJI C [eCHHTe CJrn3bJI e A;1a Or lrc6Oa KbM xeHa Cn Enpnlnra H
62

Ha nrpno Mflcro ce pa3Ka3Ba KaK MnAac crur-HaJr ao roJrrMo 6orarcrno, Karo HaMepHJr cr,KpoBurue, H KaK uapyBan HaA 6purure c roJrgMo yMeHr4e, Karo c,'tynaJr Ha nJraHr{Hara lluepnr noyrreHfirrra Ha Op{rcfi. flocre ce pa3npaBfl, KaK rrpu uapyBaHero My Curentr 6n-n ga6erqeaH Ha nnaHuHara EpeunoH, noA Koqro )Kr,rBeeJr rraHoro6poen Hapoa, l{ KaK )KHBorHoro, Koero cu 6n.rlo [poMeHl4no BbHIItHocrra Karo qc)BeK, 6nro [oseAeHo Ao Hero. Hafi-cerHe ce orrucBa KaK Bcr{rIKo ce flpeBprluano :a Mulac B 3raro, aopu cnox(eHoro My 3a xpaHa H KaK finopa/Ilr rosa rofr cKJroHHJr nolti11114qp11ecw'.a npeMnHaror Eepona rrpes Xe,recnoura v ru 3acerIIJI orBbA Mu3v.n, Karo c MaJIKa [poMqHa Ha
63

6pr4rn Ha Qpuru. llouexe MnAac nual MHo3r{Ha, KoHTo uy cto6uraBaJrH KaKBo ce roBopeJro 14 BbpueJro or [o.faHI,tuHTe My, npeKapar qapyBaHero cr 6es garoBopn r,r Aocrr4rHaJr Ao crapocr. llopaaH ToBa ce Ka3BaJro, qe r{Ma AbJrr}{ yrur,r. He cJrea AbJrFo MbJIBara flpeHHaqnra AbJITI{T yuJI4 Ha MarapellrKH H ToBa, Koero ce Ka3Bano oTHartaJIo Ha ruefa, ce [oBrpBaJIO, qe e aefrcTBfiTerHOCT.
nper4MeHyBaJrn

llMero ce

or

96. Toea HarrpaBuJr, KaKTo Ka3Bar. Ag utx orHocHo noA3eMHoro XI,IJI}TUIE HE I4CKAM ]lA HE BflPBAM, HO HE MOTA 14 MHOTO AA B'PBAM. MnclR, qe roq 3aluor<cltc e )KI,tBflJI MHoro roAlIHI,I npeAn flr'rrarop' Eanwe cbruecrByBar nqxofr qoBeK 3aluoxcuc nturofi e HtKoe MecrHo 6oxecrso y rerr.rre, HqMa .[a pa3HcKBaMe. f'"V Z. Or 6orosere roqr4Tar cavto Apec, AuoHnc u Apreunna. O'uenHo or Hapoaa Ilapere noql4Tar Xepr"rec rloBeqe or BcHr{Kpl 6oroee,
KbJrHaT Ce CaMO B HeTOBOTO uMe W I43KapBaT OT HefO CBO' IIpOn3XOA.

XEPOAOT,lAcropuu (onxocunte no I4TM, c.20

c.,t.)

3a 6escurprnero cH Te raxa uucniT: He BrpBar, qe yMupar, Ho Mr,rcJrflT, rre noqr{Har nflT oruBa npu 6ora 3a_nuoxcl.rc. E,uxl.r oT Tflx ro Hapr,rqar oure fe6eneH3r.rc. Bcern ner roAr,rHr,r us6npar c xpe6r.rfr H3Mexuy cH eAHoro, Kororo flpauar [pareHHK npu 3aluoxcuc t4 My nopbtrBar roBa, or Koero BceKr,t rrbr ce Hyxuaqr. I4snpauar ro no CNETHVIq, HATII,TH: HEKONUHHA OT TflX, OTPEAEH}i 3A TOBA, AbPXAT TPI,i Konfifl, ApyrH IIbK yJraBflT npareHHKa 3a KpaKara H pbuere, pa3MaxBar ro BbB Bb3llyxa n ro xBbpnflT Bbpxy Konr4rra; aKo yMpe npo6olen orrflx, BrpBar, .le 6orur e 6narocKroHeH; aKo He yMpe, Te 068uHrBar npareHnKa, I{ Ka3BaT, r{e e Jrotu qoBeK; cIeA TOBa nparllaT llpyrHro; fiopbrtKn My AaBar aoKaro e oule xng. CtulHTernfl TpaKH xBbprqrcrpeJrr Harope rr,u xe6ero cpeuy rbpMa H cBerKaBr,tq ara u 3anrarurar 6ora, snpzailxu qe HflMa Apyr 60r ocBeH TexHr,lr. 95. Karro ce HayqaBaM or rbprluTe, Kor,rro )KnBeflT no Xenecnosra n sa flosra, ron 3alnaoxcllc 6na po6 n Caruroc, H To Ha flurarop, cvt*a ua MHecapx. Cne.q xaro 6ul ocno6o4eH, cneqerHr cu rusoro 6oraTcrBo, c Koero ce BbpHaJr y A,oMa cx. flosexe rpaKHTe xnBeenn gne n 6unu rJrynaBr4rIKH, tOR 3aluoKcltc, KoiiTo no3HaBaJr fioHVtitC:Ki/ln HaqHH Ha xnBeene H no-H3TbHqeHr{ HpaBr{, orKoJrKoro rpaxnficrure, Ttfi Karo

, M4.

XEJIAHI4K, Bapeapcrn o6nqas (omxrcunt no I4TT)

ep.73 Oorufr, Csr,rAac: 3allroxcltc: cKHT, xofiro cneA Karo 6nn po6 na flnrarop, cflopea Xepoaor B qerBbpra KHI{ra, ce Br,pHaJI n [oyqaBan, qe Ayuara uy e 6e:cvttprHa. MHaceft clura, ue Kpouoc e 6ul nounraH y reruTe H ce Hapr,rtrar 3aluorcnc. XerasuK Ka3Ba nrr ,,Baprapcxl,t o6r49au", qe Karo ce er'z,Hn3vlpar, rofr HSyrlvn rerl4Te r Tparlax Ha MHCTepHT,I r,l rBbpAfn, qe Hl,lro caM ULflJI aa yMpe, HHTo re3H, KoI4TO Ca c Hero, a ule HMar BcnqKH Ao6pI,IHI4. Aoxaro yqer roBa, cn rpaaflJt noA3eMHo xHJrHue. CreA roga BeAHaFa I{3qe3HaJI I,I3Me)KlIy rpaKure I'r xnBeer B Hero. A rerure xaJreJru rro Hero. Ha qerstprara roAnHao6aqe roft orFroeo ce rIoqBltr H TpaKl,rre My [oBflpBaJIH BbB BcI,ttIKo. Hqxo]r Ka3Bar, qe 3aJrMoKcuc 6nn po6 na flnranop, cI4H Ha Muecapx or Cauoc, r,r cJre/I xaro 6ur ocso6oleH, H3MHCJIHJT re3l4 HetUa. Ho Ha MeHe MH ce crpyBa, qe 3arN,roxcHc >KlaBflJt MHoro npeAl,t flnrarop. 14 repusure, vt rpo6usnre o6escurprasar r{ Ka3B ar, qe WpeJI [ITe ornr ar npn 3 aJIMoKcI,tc H naK IrIe ce BbpHar. Te sHHarIa cMtrar, qe roBa e vcrnHa. flpuHacar xeprBr,r l,r ycrpoftrar yrolueHut, noHexe noxoftsnruT qltJl Aa ce BbpHe.
AnOnO.qOP, Eu6rnorexa (ontrctcbnt no IIITM, c.36I)
193-195. flasauon ce orKeHuJI ga 3eercnna, cecrpa Ha uaftra vry, H Tr por,r4Jra AtuepuTe flporna n Oulor.aela H cI,IHoBere 6luguaun Eperefi r.r Eyrec. Koraro prs6yxHana sofiHa MexAy Heto H JIa6aax sapauu rpaHiluara Ha 3eMqra My, noBHKaJI Ha noMolu ot Tparlaa Tepefr, cuua ua Apec, 14 Karo cnerrernr c HeroBa noMotu BoffHara, AaJI My 3a xeHa lrbruepfl cu flpoxua. Tn vry poILHna cusVlruc, no Tepeft ce srlo6nr sts Ouaovela ufln3HacHnHJr, Karo Ka3aJI, ve flpoxxa 6r,ua yupxla, Kotro 65

o6urynal c eJrr4Hlrre n c fftararop, e,uHH or rrbpBuTe rptqxn MbApeun, cH clrpa!fiJr 3ara, B KoqTO npfieMar Ha rocT]r rrbpBrdTe rpax,qaHr.t, yfoqaBaJr rH H rH yrrnr, qe xrro rofr caM, Hr.tro cbrpane3Hxr{r{Te My, Hl,tro
TIOTOMqHTE trM UIE YMPAT HqKOrA, HO ulE OTfiAAT HA E]IHO MflCTO, rAETO

III

ule xr,rBeqr BeqHo H r.qe uMar BclrqKu6nara. AorAero Bbprxen il roBopeJr TOBa, HaKapar Aa My Ha[paBrr noA3eMHo x(]tJIH[le H, KOFaTO 6HJIO loToBo, H3qe3HaJr 3a TpaKHTe n cilfl3.bn IIOJIy B TIOA3eMHOTO CH XI,tJlr.rule, raero npeKapaJr rpr,t roAr,tHH. A re rrryraJrH 3a Hero H ro onJraKBaJrh Karo yMprJr. Ho Ha qerBbprara roar{Ha rofi orxoso ce flBktlt Mexay rflx v TaKa Te noBrpBaJrH B TOBa, KOeTO r,rM rOBOpHn.

rofr 6nr cKpun B nlr,e+uflTa cn. Tofr ce o)KeHr,tJ'r noBTopHo 3a Qnlonae.rra, cr6pa:r ce c Heq rz r) orpnral e3HKa. Ho rq ertxHana B eAHa apexa 6yKBr4, rrpe3 Kor.rro t43l.ara Ha flporua Heuracrnrra cu. CleA raro flpoxHa v3 \Hp un a cecrp a cn, y 6nn a cvHa cv lAtuc u, K a ro ro c ror B HJr a, cJr o)KH Jl a ro :a o6sA Ha Heflo.qo3npawufl rora Tepefr u uzlnrata BeaHara ca,c cecrpa cn. A Tepeft, Karo y3HaJr vlcrwHara, rpa6uan e.uHa 6pa.uua n rorrHaJr .qa rH upecne,[Ba. Karo 6nnH Hacrr,rrHarn rra @orul.icKara naeruaa, rroMo,'rH,'r14 ce Ha 6oroeere Aa rH flpeB],pHar B trrr4uu. I-lporHa craHa,ra c,raaefr, a Onlortlela nrcroBtrqa. lA Tepeia ce rrpeBbpHan B IlTHUa H CTaHaJI [a[yHtK. CTPAEOH, feorpaQlra (ontrcucunte no trITM, c.220
c.a.)

qn,'ra Agns

\o l(Hltufl,

rrpoh3Be)KAa'I'

or raM H flo-ronflMara (tacr or

Qner.irure 6epercnHrufrcKr,r HJrr{ purufic<u. lA usxot'r or My3I{KaJIHHTe HHCTpyMeHTu HOCqr BapBapcKr4 UMeHa, Karo Ha6na, cav6uxa, 6apa6ut,
N.laraAr4[a ]r MHofo ApyrH.

My314Kara; TaKa eaHH roBopr4: ,Ap'bHKa a3r,rarcKa KHTapa'(; Apyr HapHqa

lll. ArunsHure o6u.rar .ry)KAoro. Kaxro B Apyru orHoIrIeHI,It,

B

penHfhara, Te ca flpHen14 TonKoBa MHofo ApyfH

TTPKAH

T'r'it u ceeuleHoAefr-

ca npnenu n rpaxnricxvtre, A Qpnnafrcruare cBerueHolletrtcrBnr.

crBvttl, Ta ca craHanH 3a rrpHcMex aopt4 B KoMeAHrra; MexAy apyroro

re
3a

X 3, 16. Ha varoaswficrure rpa3Hrrrn rrpHJlr.rrtar Kornrunre n 6enqn.qHure, rrpa3HyBaHH or rpaKHTe, or KoHTo npou3Jre3Jl14 H opQuvecrnre npa3Hnun. 3a 6oruurra Kornc y eAoHr{Te u3a seitsure My3r{KanHH HHcrpyMeHTu Ecxul roBoprl c rvfl .uyrul.r: ,,CaeureHara KtlrHc y eaoHr4Te, Kor,rro HMar nnaHHHcKH r,rHcrpyMeHTr,r", cnell Koero rroelbr Be,rlHara [o6aeq 3a cJryxnTenu ua !uounc: ,,Elux llr,p)Kr.r B prue Qrefrra, H3KycHo aeno Ha crpyrap, u c npr,crure cH H3nbJtHflBa fleceH, uro non6yxla KbM nyan Br{KoBe; apyrn n'bK r-r,pMr,r c MeAHu Kl,t'rsarl,t." Ha apyro Mrcro floerbr roBopn: ,,ExrH Becena neceH; crparrrHu MHMH, rronpaxanafrrcn sa 6nra peBar or cKpilrxHo Mrcro, y)KacHhrrr KbHTe)K Ha rHMnaHa ce pa3Hacq Karo noA3eMeH rpru." Tosa npuruqa Ha Qpurnilcxnre cBetueHoAefrcrBur, Koero e ecrecrBeHo, 3auloro caMHTe Qpraru ca npecenHuuu or Tparuz u cJreaoBarenHo rHr cBeuleHoAefrcrBnr ca npeHeceHu or rau. Cturo l,r rrucarennre, KoHTo cBbp3Bar.[raoxuc c eAoHeua JInxgln, ce Aorax(Aar 3a cxoAHocrra na o6peAHTevv,. 17. I-lopaara MeJroAHflTa, pHTbMa H HHcrpyMeHTHTe ce cqnTa H u.flnara My3HKa :a 'rpaxHficra v a3uarcKa. Tosa e flBHo H or Mecrara, B Kor,rro ce norrr{Tar My3HTe. flnepex, Olnvn, flaunla, Jlefr6errp r crapo BpeMe ca 6wnu rpaxufrcrn Mecra v r.raHtHvt, a ceta rH BJraAerr
HacenrrBanu BeotnR, KaKTo ca nocBernnv rfllr, n neuepara Ha Jlefi6erpwi,tcKr4Te nuvQra. fltr u rr4q, KoHTo paAeenu 3a crapara My3r{Ka, ce cqr4Taru TpaKH, xaro OpQefr, Mylefr, Tar'aupuc. l4 nuero
Ha EgN,ro,'rn n3rl43a MAKCAOHI4TC. L4 XEIIaXOH CA TIOCBETUTU HA MY3HTE TAfl TPAK:I., KOI,ITO

flevocreu, yxopxaafrxu tr,tafrxara Ha Ecx[H t4 cauns. Hero, rte IIpLtcbcrByBaJr npn ueriunre rafisn cBetueHoaeltcrews la yrtacrByBan B rrpouecnre H BuKan MHoro rrtl,r: Erjol tctBor "rir1i, '<itrr1i, cittai '6rll. Toea ce orHacrr Ka,M [pa3HHrrHTe Ha Ca6aznil n Beruxara vafrxa. IOJII4EH, BoeHsH xl{Tpocru (ontrct'ct rrr no trITM, c. 346)
VI 53. Xarnos orBeJr KoJroHr,rcrlr or Arnxa, 3a Aa fl,r 3acenr e rtfi HaperreHuTe,[,ener n'brnula npn CrprarraoH, cJreA Karo 6unH nonyqunLI arnHflHure raKoBa npeacKa3aHue: ,,3auro )Keraere mfr cnlxo Aa 3acen ure ce ra MHof oKpa Koro Mrcro, arvHcKH vrorr.ruu ? TpyAHo ule B n ce or[aae rosa 6eg 60xHq noMoru. Cslrule He e [o3BoneHo roBa Aa
rrocrhfHeTe, aKo npeABapr{TenHo He aoKapaTe ocTaHKHTe Ha Pes or Tpon - TaM BHe ue rr,r HaMepr,rre - H aKo He rI4 norpe6ere 6,raroeefrHo s poaHara My3eMfl. Toraea renrpea 6nxre ycnerH." Tosa 6lar flpeacKa3an 6orrr. A rrurroeotreutr XaruoH rlparun nloAe B Tpoa, KoHTo pa3poBl4ru npo6a Ha Pes [pe3 HoLUTa H B3enI{ KocrHTe My 14, Karo rH noJlo)Knnl,t B nypflypeH rrJraru, orHecrlr rH trpn Crpnvron. Bapnapnre, Kotrro 3aeManfi crpaHara, rloflperrnJr u Ha arHH'.H:/lTe Aa Mr,rHar peKara. Ho Xaruos CKJIIOTIHJI C TflX TIPI{MIdPAE 3A TPH ACHA H [O TO'I HAqI,IH, KATO fH
orcrpaHHn or raM, npeMHHaJr npe3 HouITa crpnvou 3aeAHo c BoilcKara cH, rrorpe6aJr Kocrr,rre sa Per xpafr pexara v yKpeilvJl npH JIyHHo

Beu'1wuanre c[oMeHaBa nnaroH, aa QpnrraftcKHTe cBeureHoaefrcrBl,tt

or raM. A

ntr ruf,
66

KoHTo ca nocBernJrn ga.Llnognc

ta capa6otunn trpe3 AeHfl. Vlt]rl,tara pa6ora 6nra npnnbprxeHa B Tpr,r Hourr4. A eapnapure, Karo IloIunH cJIeA l,t3THrraHeTo Ha Tp[Te \HV v Br4Ileilv, (re yKpelJreHueTo e H3AI4fHaTo, yKopqBanu Xaruou, qe 6ul Hapyrrrun IIpHMHpHero. Tofi o6aqe nvt 3ar'Bvtn, qe HHKaK He ro e HapyuHn, 3auroro 6ltlo clc-lrto.reHo [pHMI,IpHe
ocBerJreHne Mflcroro, 6eg

67

3a

rpu \ena, a He 3a rplr Houru. I-Io roq Haqr4H Xaruou 3aceJrnJr Aeserre nbrurua n HapeKbJr HoBocb3,[aAeHr,rq rpaA Ar.aQnnonnc.
i

COJII,IH, (onxucunt no I4TM, c. 391)

10, 1-5. Cera Nrt,tHasaMe KbM Tpaxna
r,r

f,
ti:l

safr-uoulsnre nreMeHa
cMbprra flopaAr4

r Erpona. Tna, xonro

HacoqBaMe florureqa cH KbM

a
rl

6nxa

xenalr

Da tu

npoyqaT rpnxJrr.rBo, JrecHo rqe cxBaHaT, qe BapBapHTe TpaKr,r npe3r.rpaT

HqKaKBo ecrecrBeHo BHyrxeHne Ha MbApocrra.

Bcnqrn

TpaKH gaqvrrar e[r,rHoAyrxHo Ao6poBoJrHara cMbpr, Karo egHr,r or rflx BrpBaT, qe AyurHTe Ha yMpenHTe oTHoBo ce Bb3BpbuIaT B rOpHHfl CBffT, a Apyrn MHCJIflT, qe AyuIHTe CJI9A CMl'pTTa He 3aIlIBaT, a CTaBaT nO[IacrJrHBr.r, orKoJrKoro c a 6uttu np[xr.{Be. V noseqero rpaKr,r pa)u aHurra [peIIH3Br,rKBar cxpr6, rrbK H Tor, xofiro roKy-r.uo e craHaJI 6aula, noeMa

c flratr pox6ara cn. Hanporur, rronpe6e*laera uM 6nsar [oroJrKoBa cbqeTaHH c BeceJrHe, qe paAocTHo cbflpoBox,Ilar rroquHaruTe qaK Ao rpo6a nv. Mtxere ce xBaJrsr c 6pox Ha x(eHr,rre cn u usoro6poftxnnr 6pax uv ocurypflBa rroquT. )Keunre, KoHTo Abpxar Ha cBofl cBqH, ce
xBbpJrrT Bbpry KJraAnTe Ha noqHHarvTe cA cbnpy3l,r H cTpeMHraBo

TPAKI{fl

rroeMar

nbrr

BcpeA nJraMbrlr,rre,

AOKa3aTeJTCTBO Ha CBOeTO UeJrOMbApUe.

Karo crruTar roBa 3a Hafr-rolslro xesUre, KOr,tTO rrpeAHaMepqBaT

EAJIKAH'ITE TIPE3 . V B. OT H.E. 'T II B. TP.H.B.

Aa ce oMbxaT, oTHBaT npH cbnpy3uTe cA He IIo BoJrrTa Ha poAfiTeJrr{Te cu.Tus, or rflx, Konro HaAMr{HaBar ocraHaJruTe c ry6ocrra cv, lacKar Ea 6rnar npeAocraBeHr Ha ny6ruqHo HaAAaBaHe w, xaro 6rAe AonycHara

cso6oAara Ha npeueHflBaHero, ce oMbxBar He 3apaAr{ HpaBHTe Ha Mbr(a, a 3apaAu AaAeHara or Hero qena. A )t(eHure, Kouro H3MbqBa rpo3HaTa r{M BbHtrrHocT, KynyBaT cbc SecTpnTe cv Tktfl Mbxe, c Kor,tTo ncKarAa ce cnrpxar. Koraro [HpyBar, HABara noJra o6uxalRrorH[ulero H xBbpJrrr B orbHr ceMeHa Ha rpeBr,t, Kor,tro pacrar a Tpaxun. 3aruerueresn or rexHlrfl AHM, cMrrar 3a BeceJrHe Aa noApaxa Bar nvflHnTe, KaTO npH TOBa qyBCTBaTa nr"r npnAo6nrar 6olegHeH xapaKTep.

68

WCTOPWT{ECKA TEOTPAOl4fl

AMI4AH MAPUEJIT'IH or AHrnoxna (or. 330 - or. 400 r.)

CTOPVIA (onmtcwne no tr4TM, c. 396

c,,t.)

B H3Jro)KeHr4ero cH 3a BervKt fl, HMneparop cTpaHr4, Illucrf, qe TyK e yMecTHo.[a H3JIoxa ffcHo H AOCTOBepHO OHOBa, KOerO Cr'M BH!flJr HJrH rreJr Bbpxy XpafrHHre npeAeJrH

XXII 8, 1-11. Trii Karo

H Te3r,r

3acerHaxMe

Ha

Tparrr H MecronoJroxeHuero sa flosra. Buperu qe MexAy

Tecar nfr cxoro Mope. fl rpaoro or rfl(, Koero ce yroJr eMfl Ba fiocreneHHo, e ocerHo BIlrcHo, KbILero ce ilpocrHpa Harur4poKo, cr,c cnopa,ucrnre n Kn rr aac x l,rre ocrpoB H, H aperreH 14 r-rfr , 3a ru0ro ca pa3 nonc)xeHH oKoJro ocrpoe.[,enoc, flporryr c pa)KAaHero xa 6orosere, a orJrflBo Mne 14r'l6poc, Teueroc, Jleusoc n Tacoc, H fipu cHJreH Brrbp 6ue c slrrHure cr,r nocurrHo Jlec6oc. Orryx Mopero o6xoxAa c orpa3eHnTe cr,r B'bJrHH xpaMa Ha Anoros CuuHrnftcrn, Tpoaaa n npocnaBeHna ct'c cMbprra Ha xepouTe Vlnuow, raro o6pasyaa MelancKufl 3aJrr,rB, rlr4frTo orBop e o6r,pHar Ha 3anaa. B uauaroro Ha ro3r4 3aJrHB ce Br,rx(aa A6nepa
poaHoro Mrcro Ha flporarop n.[erraorpr,rr r,r oK'bpBaBeHara pe3nreHrlr,rt Ha rpaKa flnoueA, KaKTo H AoJrHHara, rro Korro ce BJrr,rBa B Mopero Xe6rp, n'bK 14 rpaaoeere Mapoueg nEHoc, xofiro3ano.rHan Aa l,t3rpa)Kra npr,r Jrorrln rrpe,ll3HaMeHoBaHVfl, EHefi, Ho cKopo ro r43ocraBfiJr u no6rpsal, Bo.ueH or 6orosere, \ace ornpaBr,r KbM ApeBHa AegoHuq. Orryx Mopero ce cTecHflBa nocTeneHHo H KaTo qe JrH npe3 HrKaK'bB nJraHoMepHo c'b3aaAeH orBop ce BT)?Ba r flonra, or xoftro ce npr4cbeAr,rHflBa eAHa qacr H o6parysa Qnnypa era Qoplrara Ha FpbuKara 6yxna O. Orryx

I,r3BecrHara rincoxa AroHcra rIJIaHtrHa s Mare,uoHHr, rrpe3 Korro HflKora MHHaJra uuaufrcrara Qnora nEs6eilcxnr cKaJrr,rcr noc KaQepefr, ruaero Haenrr,rft,6aruara ua I-Iarauea, npeAH3B14KaJr KpyrrreHnero Ha aprocxara Qlora, uMa rorqMo pa3crorrHne, Bce naK Te orAersr Ereficxoro or

t
't

Karo orAerrr XerecnoHTa or PololnTe, EreilcKo Mope

7t

MHe

flo-sararrx ro MHe rpaAa JlaMncax, xofrro 6nl AaAeH B Aap Ha Teunctoxtl or nepcuficKnq uap, n flapuou, rpaAocHosaH or.f:oHosr,rs cnH flapnc. Cre[ roea Mopero ce pa3[rr,rpflBa or aBere cH crpaHr,r BbB Qopr.aa Ha flonyKpl, t v \Bara r"ry 6para ce orAareqaBar Aocra ellfiH or llpyr n npe3 BoIIHHTe flpocropl4 ua l-Iponourr,rAa ro MHe Ha H3ToK Kn:nx
uEwr.auv,& cBerueHnr xpaM Ha BelHxara ly,afixaHa 6oroeere, Anarrael rt llero Xul ac 6utr rpa6Har or uuuQnre, ntr n Acraxoc, rofiro no-cerHe 6nl uapeleH Huxorue.[Hfl, no HMero Ha uap Hnxovea. Ha 3ana[ Mopero 6ne c strHnre cH Xepcouec u Eroc florauoc, rAero AHaxcarop npeAcKa3ar, qe rtle naAHe or se6ero AbxA or KaMbHH, rrocJre
n Kuoc,

Xexy6a, Kela, Cecroc n Kalnnol. Ha cpeurynoJroxHr,rr 6pxr uopero uue rpo6onere Ha Axun uA.qxc H Aocrvra Aapuas n A6nAoc, orKbAero Kcepxc M[HaJr nerua [pe3 Mopero, Karo cBbp3al 6peroeere My c Mocr.

nocneAoBaTe,'rHo Kr,rHocceMa, rAeTocnopeA [peAaHr4eTo 6HJra [OFpe6aHa

$
tl

l2-15. flo regt,r o6urnpnu trpocrpaHcrBa ca pa3rpbcHarn rp'btIKI4Te rpaAOBe, C UaIXU I,I3KJtIOrIeHlIt, Te BCUIIKH Ca OCHOBaHI4 B pa3JlI4tIHH BpeMeHa or MHneruure, KoHTo ca arI'IHcKI4 KoJIoHI'lcrI4' Mnlet 6nn ocHoBaH MHoro no-paHo BcpeA Ilpyrnre frosrafruu s MaJa A:nq or Hnnefr, cnHa Ha 3HaMeHHTHI Koalp, xofr'ro cnopeA cKa3aHnero ce
fio)KeprBan 3a oreqecrBoro cH no BpeMe Ha BoftHara c aopufruure' .t[rara EocQopa - TparrafrcKAflT t4 KuruepnilcKl4tr, KOI4To ca pa3iloJro)KeHn )El/.H cpeuy Apyr - o6pa:yrar crecHeHure Kpal'rlua Ha lrra. Te ca HapeqeHt'l EocQopn, nopallH ToBa' tle HfiKofa [peMHHana no Tqx KtM l4oHrafrcro uope tr4uaxoBara luepKa, Kotro cllopea AyMHTe Ha

Jluswv.axvg r4 oH3r.r rpaq,

xofiro

ocHoBaJr

Xepartl H rrocBernJr

Ha

rlaMerra Ha c[brHr4Ka cn flepnnr. A :a Aa ce 3aBbpurn AeficrnnrenHo n HanT,JrHo nolo6nero ua 6yxeara (D, e canaut rIeHTbp Ha 3aKpbrJreHocrra ce HaMHpa rrpoAbJrnoBaruq ocrpoB flpoxonecoc n Bec6nx. Karo Aocrr4rHe nafr-rorqN{ara cr,r u}tpr{Ha, Mopero orHoBo ce crecHflBa B rlporoK n reqe ivieXNEiI EfpOna 'A BU"tUltU1 KaTO MHHaBa nOrpafr XalreAou, Xpnsonol H HqKoH Apyrn He3Harrr,rreJrHH ceJrnula. Ha nesus r',ry 6prr ce HaMHpar flpncraHhulara Arnpac, CelnurpuR,

noeruTe 6ula nperrpHara B KpaBa. Mopero, Karo H3JrH3a or Tparrafrcxr'rx EocQop H Br,3BuBa HaaflcHo' Aocrnra 6pera ua Butuuttg, Kotro ApeBHHTe noerl,t HapHr{an}t Mnr,u,oHns. B Heq ce HaMHpar o6lacrure Tu*tus, u Mapnau,ul,IHt4t, nJleMero 6e6pHKl'1, Koero xpa6puxr flolyxc HflKora ocBo6o,qnl or cBl'Ipertnl AuHx, lI orAaJleqeHara MecrHocr' K.bIIero rrpopqqarenqr OnHefr Tp'bnHen npeA nerqluqTe 3anJlauureJrHo Xapnuu. Ha ro:u 6par, xofrro ce Bpfl3Ba BbB BI'I[ Ha Au6ox 3anuB, ce h3nHBar B MoperopeKnre Canrapnfi,f\cnnnc' JInroc u Pe6ac. Cpeury
ycTuqTa Ha Te3r,r peKr,r Jre)KaT qepHr4Te cuvnleral14 - ABe CKaJrH, KOHTO ce crycKaT cTpr,MHO KbM MOpeTo. B crapo BpeMe re ce c6mcKBaJILl c y)KaceH luyM 14 CneATOBa ce Bpa'IuaJIH Ha3aA C MOIUeH TJIaCbK Ha c'buloTo MscTo, oT KoeTo r,r3cKaqann. Te ce c6lnxaBanu H pa3aeJrgnlr TonKoBa qecTo' tle AopI{ tlTHuaTa, KoraTo llpenHTana MexAy TfiX, He MofJIa Aa ce cnacr4 c 6tpsnHara Ha KpHJreTe cn,3a [a se 6tAe cMa3aHa o|rqx. Tegu CKanH 3aCTaHant{ HeIlOABttxHO, OTKaK AprO, KOfrTO Ce 6nl OTnpaBI4JI KbM KoJlXltTe, 3a Aa noxuTI,I 3naTHoTo pyHo' MHHan npbB oT Bc}ltIKI4
flpOCT, CpagJrpr Ce B gAHO TaKa, qe xOfirO il4BAAvt ue

KoHcragruHonoJl

HflKoraruHut Bugatnnon, xoftro 6wn arugcxa

KoJroHHfl, 14 Hoca,T Kepac, ua rofr'ro e r,r3gurHara BHcoKa Kyra, Koqro AaBa cBerJrlrHHr4 curHaJrn Ha xopa6ure. flo HeroBoro vl.l'e n cryAeHr.rrr Brrbp, rofrro Ayxa or ra3lr crpaHa, ce Hap[qa Keparac. Tyx revenuero ce cnr4pa r{ 3aBbpr.xBa cbc cbeAHHsBaHeTo Ha ABeTe MOpeTa; BOAHaTa

ropa6r,r HeBpeAI,IM Mexay

crnxutr. craBa no-cnoxofrsa H ce pa3crtrJra oKoJro ocrpoB,

r 6er6pexHa MopcKa

o6urolrara Ha Mopero cnopeA TBbpAeHr,rffTa Ha Eparocreu, Xerarefr, flro.neprefi v l{pytu Haft-cbBecrHr,r no3HaBaqr,r B Taq HayqHa 06racr, Bb3Jtr{3a Ha ABaAecer H Tppr xr4JrflAt4craIluvt. Bcr.{xu
reorpaQu onpr{JruqaBar eA}rHoAyrxuo Qoprvrara Ha Mopero cbc cKr.rrcK}t Orrtu u3rpeB cJrbHue Mopero rpaHr,rqu c MeoruAcxoro e3epo, a raM, KbAero flpuBeqep cJrbHrlero 3aJrfl3Ba, Mopero ce orpaHr,rqaBa or pHMcKH npoBr,rHrlr{n. Ceeepunre r'ay 6perore
JIbK, rrr,rflTo TerHBa e oflbHara.

rroBbpxHocr Ao caMr4q xopr,r3oHT. Axo ce nJryBa no xpafr6pexnero Karo

ca HaceJreHH
c.na6o fi3Br.rr.

or

Jrroae c pa3rur{Hr,r e3r,rur4 t4 o6wl3'r.

lOxsnsr

r,ay

6par e

npeAHuHara cu 6n nOenpBaJI, qe HqKOra 6nlu parueJreHq, aKo no To3H Bbnpoc He 6qxa e;1nHoayLUHI,I BcurrKl,l trpeBHu noeru. XXII 8, 43-48. Koraro o6aqe AoftAeM Ao apyrara 6perona H3BnBKa' KOflTO u:O6ulCrryBa C np[CTaHHUIa lr C KOflTO 3aBbpIIIBa CnOMeHaTaTa flerxa, oKono xofrro Qr,rrypa Ha JIbKa, [peA Hac ce I'I3[peqBa ocrpoB nneMeHa. CJIeA IO-MaIKI,I I,I IIeBKHHHTe Apyrn Xr{BeflT TpI,tFJIOAHTktTe, AnoroHnfl, Toun, npaa, MorbIIl rBbpAe HrKora ToBa HAar l4crtp, rpaKuficroro Ha pa3roJIoxeHu rpaAoBe' Auxnal, OAecoc tt tuuoro rpyru rpafr6pexrae. Perara.[yHaB rl'bK, TIHHTo H3Bopl{ ce HaMl4par B cbcelcrBo c paBpI,IKI4Te I,I rpaHnqeulhTe c Peuns nJIaHnHcKI'I BHCOqI{HII, Teqe rro
73

tqx. Crarnre sary6ull4

72

nocpeAcrBoM CeaeM ycrvfl.

HapHqar Ha rpr,rlKr'r raKa:
MaJrKr4 OT OCTaHanuTe, a

o6ul4pHo npocTpaHcrBo oT 3eMr4, Karo rrpneMa urecTAecer rrpr.rroKa, norITI'l BcnrIKH nJIaBareJIHI'I, u ce BJTHBa B Mopero Ha ro3l,r crrrcxu 6pnr

qerBl'proro l-lceelocroN'ra, EopraoHcroMa

flrpeoro oT Trx e fleaxa, a ocraHaJrr.rre ce rroporo HapaKycroMa, rperoro KaJroHcroMa,

H

t
i

IIAI

oHoBa IrnpoKo [pocrpaHcrBo' HaceJreHo oT pa3nr,rq."H \t4Br4 rrreMeHa. 9acr or roea npocTpaHcrBo 3aeMaJrr,r cKopAr,rcKHTe, Kor.rro
E

Aa H3JrOXa no naMer roBa, KOeTO 3Har or ua6lrcAegna. Ovup cbc cBoq BeqeH aBTOpr{Ter HU CrO6uasa, qe Te3H 3eMH HrKOra flpeacraBn,rBa'ru o.poMHH npocrpaHcrBa orpaBHHHr,r r4 BHCOKH nrrannncxu xpe6erra. To[ pa3Ka3Ba' qe orryK Ayxar Berpoeere Axs'roa u 3eQr.rp. Tosa cBeAeHHe vrv e npwKa3Ho, HJIH rrbK ToraBa HMero Tpaxutce e AaBaJro Ha

AaJIeqHo Mope' 3a Aa cb3AaAe IloKoJIeHHero cr4, Koero ryK ce pa3BI,IBa noao6pe ilopaA' cJraAKara Boaa, KaTo e H3JroxeHo Ha no-MaJrKoonacHocrr.r OT XH.UHI,I TIYAOBI4IUA B HEIOCTbIHHTE 3A r,.X gAI'.6HATVIHI4, KOHTO CE cpeluar ryK TBbpAe qecro. vl saucrusa, Karo lr3KJrIOqHM rraaro6poftnn_ re tpe6ur.r n 6esnpeaHu Aeneuuu,no[o6Hn qy.qoBnura noo"""u, Te3n Borlr4. oHagr,r qacr or roBa MOpe, Korro "" "" " e r.r3JroxeHa Ha ceBepHr4' Btrbp u 3vtlaHur cTyA, ce cKoBaBa B JreA Ha raKaBa Arl6ounna, ve peKHTe, KaKTO Ce MncJrr.t, He MOraT Aa HaMeprT r{3XOA, H TOraBa xopaTa H x(HBorHHTe He cMerr Aa crbnqr Ha HeBrpHara r.r Heycrofrq[sa noBbpxHocr. floto6na 6eAa Hurora He ce cnyr{Ba B qucro Mope, a caMo B OHOBa, KOeTO e MHOrO nplrMeceHo C peqHa BoAa. XXVII 4, 2-9. Onuca'Hero Ha rpaxuitcxure 3eMr,r He 6n 6nlo rpyAuo, aKo cBe[eHr,rnTa HA CTapHTe 3a TflXCe CbrnacyBaxa, HO Te ca ''HCaTeJrH HercHlt u npoTr,rBopeqnBu H He Hr4 noMar ar Aa ceao6epernr \o klcTu*aTa, Bb[peKr{ rre rfl e pbKoBoAHoro r{M Ha qaro. Ero gaqo ure-6ue

KoJrHqecrBo ruKfl t npbcr' Kotro HarpyrrBar B Hero MHororo npHTorIH, ce o6pasyear nJrr,rrKn Mecra. IdssecrHo e, qe oT safr_orAaleqeHnTe Mecra Ha HarrreTo Mope ce orflpaB, pnlara Ha rreJrH cralla K.bM ToBa

xaro 6laro. or scll'lru uap' MbnrHBa arrraocQepa, rrpH TOBa rofr e flo_cna"rtKoBoleH " "uo ""ro oT apyrHTe Mopera n ugo6nrcrByBa c rurHTKH Mecra, noHe)Ke or r43[apeH nflTa HA BOIIHT0 My Bl'3Ayxbr qecro ce crbcrrBa, H B Hero ce H3nr{Ba MHoro peqHa BOAa' Korropa3pe,lrBa coJreHocTTa ',bK Wy,unait-cerHe or rorqMoTo

ceaMoTo e norrTH 3aCTOqro H n3rurexAa qepHo crpaHH s l-roHra ce BnHBar p"*,

crenocrorraa ca MHO.O no-

H xaAHo nneru qoBeruKa KpbB or qoBe[KI4 qepenu. Pnucrara AbpxaBa rlecro crpaAana orrsxHara cBnpenocr; Tfl gr,s sofr H ara BoAeJI a c rqx MHoro o)KecroqeH u 6ut xu v HaKpafl, ea ny6nl a BI4A Te3H ceralxeH cr4 c rrx uqra sofrcra Haqeno c HaqarHuKa ir. flo csos

)KeprBa sa Eeloua n Mapc,

$
I

AocrarbqHo

rlrJroro

3eMlr npelcraBJltBar porar IIoJIyMeceu no noAo6ne Ha KpacI'IBo 3aKpbrneH Tearbp. Ha satIarHl{n uu xpart cpeA crpbMHu nJIaHHHU ce orKpHBa recHl4t npoxoa Cyrn, rofrro o6pasyra rpaHlluara Mex'lly rparufrcrnte IrpoBt4HuHu w \arun. Jlfleara crpaHa ua Tparna, Kotlro rexn Ha ceBep, e orpaHntteHa or Bttcot{uHure Ha Xeuyc n or l4crlp, xoftT o reqe no pHMcKI,Ir 6prr ttoxpafr Nlroxecrso rpaAoBe' Kperlocru I't yKpenneHnfl. Ha rscHara, T.e. Ha ro)KHara crpaHa, ce I'{3AI'Irar cKarvcrvre B'bpxoBe ua PoAonure, a orcrpaHara, KbAero ceflBflBa 3opara' Tpaxna ce orpaHur{aBa or nporora. Tana ce cpeua roJIflMo KoJIHqecrBo Boaa or EexcuHcxrr noHT c BbJtHI,tre sa Erefrcxo Mope H ce o6pa:yea enua TrcHa HBilua seMl. B u3ToqHI,Itt cH K'br Maxeaonnq ce Aonnpa tro rrorpaHHqHHTe qaCTI4 na Tpaxux n CtO6UeuntTa Me)KAy Asere ct6rtacril ce n3B'bptuBar [ocpeAcrBoM eAHH crT)bMeH 14 TeceH llpoxoa' rofrro ce Hapnqa AroHrltcua. Hafr-6.nnsKara craHllnr Ha AbpxaBHara noura orryK e Apery:a, Kbaero ce coqn rpo6lr Ha [pocJlaBeHnq cbc cbBbprueHuTe cv rpareAnu Eapnnna, n Ctarnpa, K'b,[ero, KaKTo e r43BecrHo, ce e poAHJI Apncrorel, or vufrro ycra no ll.yMl'tre Ha [Hqepou Teqe 3JIarHa peKa. Te:u geuu 6nlu uacenflBanr B apeBHocrra or BapBapH, KoHTo ce pa3JluqaBaJIH no Mexqy cH no e3HK H o6u'aau. I4svrexgy rflx ca BcflBaJIH crpax oApl,tct{Te, KoHTo ca 6unu H3Bt'HpenHo IIHBo nJIeMe. flpo,lnaaHero Ha xptr 6nlo BHeApeHo Ao raKaBa crefleH B TexHHTe o6nvau, qe Koraro HflMaJIo He[pI{flTeJII4, Te, no BpeMe Ha nfipuecrBa, cJIeA Karo ce Haq)KAarI4 H HanHBanI{ ]lo npecHulaHe' HacorrBarH MeqoBere cH cperqy co6ctseHl,tte cA Tena. XX\/II 4, 10-14. C HapacraaHero Ha cnrnTe Ha pl4McKara A'bpxaBa, o[le no BpeMero Ha KoHcynnre, Mapr Ewl,uit, npoRrarafrxn Heo6uxHoeeHa petttI.rreJI Hocr, [oAr{I,tHlr,JI rv[tt nJIeMeHa, Koltro AororaBa se 6nnu noAr{uHqBaHu u 6po\en 14 B AnBo c'bcroflHne, Karo He 3HaeJIH 3aKoHH. .[pys nrr cbyMsJI Aa rl,r 3aAbpxl't s co6crseHnre I4M rpaHI4uH, a Mnuyuufi ru pa:6nl s 6urxara npu peKa Xe6tp, Kotro I43BHpa or
rexHI'ITe ocrarlun 6nlu B onacHo cpa)KeHl're' K-naglnfr Annfi 4on:rpe6eHlr or rlpoKoHcyJra Ha EocQopa pa3[oJrox(eHl'I Fpa,tloBere, Pnucra'ra Qnora rbK [peB3ena fl'bnKoBo'[eubr norBI4JI v.ecra ce no rufl n flponoHrnAa. CneA ToBa

H3

Bb H IIPOB

I,I

ApeBHaTa LICT()pHfl, cypoBo

TIUIT' T P ArUg. T E 6UN NH'I KOTA, KA KTO

cer a ),^uBerr
CTBYBA
B

crpbMHHTe

rIJraHI,IHI4 Ha oApHcHTe, a cJIeA ToBa

CB HAETCJI

auBo nJleMe, npuHacflJll nJreHHr4rIHTe

74

75

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NOXOA

Tofi npre

BJrfl3bJr B cpaxeH'e

c*u',Te6ecuuno

BpeMe Ha ro3r,r

B eAHa recHl,rHa, rAero re ce 3aBbpruBar cbc crpbMHU cKaJrr,r. Tosa rrrscro orAeJrr l(nupuxor Tpaxna, *i"o ocra"" oJ eAHara crpaHa BtTperrrHa \axua u Cepgnxa, a or Apyrara TpaxNr c Qnlnnonor . Arus.piao"e ca FoJreMH, H crKaru flp'poAara
e

Arcufi, ce c6rfixrasar

JrbqH, IIPEAI',UA CE 3AMbPCflT OT 3EMHI4TE EJIEMEHTN. xxl 10,3'4. Xpe6err{Te Ha BncoKHTe Xervryc n poqonn, or 'JTaHHHH Kor'rro fl'pBara 3a[oqBa or I4crsp, a BTOpara

BI,TCOqI,IHI,i HIr NPEBb3XOX.ITAT C TEJIECHOTO CI,t 3APABE }I AbJrroJreruero cta. flpeAnoJrara ce, qe roBa ceAbJI)Kr,r xa o6closrercrtsoro, qe re3' JIIoAe ce Bb3AbpxT oT cMeceHa xpaHa, a cluro qe [ocrorHHo cBexara poca cbc cBor4Te xJlaAHr,r npbcKr,r yKpe[Ba reJrara uu. Te ce HacJIaxAaBar Ha [peJIecTHTe Ha qncrhtfl Bb3Ayx, a ocBeH ToBa I{3[r{TBar no-HenocpeAcrBeHo xr,rBorBopHoro nrsgeficrrne Ha cJrbHqeBr,rre

IJIAHI,IHCKPITE

ca.['uonnconon, Toruru n Kaaaruc. Kpaftnara fipoBr,rHrl'r e Erpona, a Korro ocBeH se oco6eso roreMr{Te rpaAoee ce HaMr.rpar ABa H3BecrHr,r rpala, a r,rMeHHo Anpn u flepnur, xoriro [o_ceTHe 6na Hapeveu Xeparuua. B ctceAHara c Erpona npoBtrHrr[, poaona ce HaMr{par rpaAoBere Maxcnuuauonol, Maposnq u EHoc. floc.neAnprqr rpaA 6r,ur ocHoBaH Or Enefr, xofrro ro H3ocraBuJr t{ cneA AbJrrlI crpaucrayraHran npn nocroruuo Ao6pn npe,{3HaMeHoBaHHq ce ycraHoBnn s IAranuA. Bceo6rqo npr''Haro e, r."fi Karo roBa nocToqHHo ce pa3Ka3Ba, qe noqr, BcHqKlr rloAe, Kor,rro xnBerr B cnoMeHarr.rre no_rope o6lacrn oKono

r,rMero Ha cecrpara Ha r{Mneparop Tpaax, .[opocrop, Hnxonoa n oAecoc. HaA Heq ce HaMr,rpa cxurui,B Korro Haft-r,rgeeir'r{Te rpaAoBe

ToBa r,rAe Mu3un, KbAero ce HaMHpa rpaAbr Mapur,ralronor HapeqeH no

flrpnata r{Jrr,r npeAHara or rflx, Korro rpa'r'rru cl4ttupux, Tpaxut B TeceH cMr,rcbJr Ha AyMara. fo.neunre rpaAoee X lapaqa xofrro qrI4JI14ttonoJl, B IpeBHocTTa ce Hapr,rqar Esvornr,ra\a, A Eeper Kpacrr ra3r4 rrpoBt4nunq. Bropara e XeruuMoHT c roJreMHTe rpaAoee AApuasonol, xofiro no-paHo ce HapnqaJr VcryAaua, n Asxualo. CleA
npoBHHqHr4.

PAZ6UI fIOA HeroBa 3anJraxa unla Tpaxur ce rIoAr{nHt,tJra Ha BJracrra Ha Harrrnre nPaAe,un H no ro3r4 Haq[H cJreA onacHr4 rroxollu 6nln nptgo6nrn ruecr

XEMI,TMOHTITTE BbTIPEKI,I XECTOKATA I,IM C'NPOTI,ITA.

ce BeJrnque H 6nflctx Ha pr4McKara AbpxaBa craHan npoxoAtrM H 3a xora. A KoJrKoro n'rrn 6nl 3arBapflH Aocrbtrbr Ao Hero, TonKoBa rrbrr,r 6nlll or6lbcKBaHh or raM BeJrr,rKH nbJrKoBoAuvt v \erv HapoAH. CrpaHara, Korrro e orKbM lAnupwx,TyK ce r,r3BnrrraBa cla6o, Karo rre rr.I e JIecHo Aocrb[Ha, 3a .u,a ce ]r3ar{rHe cJreA ToBa n3BeIIHbx. A uacperunara crpaHa orKbM Tpaxna ce cflycKa crpbMHo r.r e rpyaHo AocrbnHa nopaAr.r npoBaJIeHHTe nbreKr.r H Mbr{Ho craBa npeM}rHaBaHero t:t, AopH r,r Koraro uuxoft He ce nporr,rBonocraBr Hacpeura. B noAHoxnero Ha ra3r,r ilJraHHHcKa rrperpaAa ce npocrr{par or ABere ir crpanra o6urHpHH noJrera. Or rqx no-ropHoTo ce fipocrnpa qaK,[o lOruesure Arnn, a no-AoJrHoro e clBceM [oJreraro, 6es ua ce cpeqa rto Hero qaK ro EocQopa n flponournga KaKBaro u ta 6nna crpbMHrlHa [r HerraAKocr.

or

orcaMHr,rfl 6par na

fipeAyceuara, qe oKoJrHrdre

rrJreMeHa

pI,IMcKa BJracr, Ta [peAHaMepeHo r"rft e ycrpor.ura ToBa Mrcro, Ta Ha fibpBo BpeMe Aa AaAe MeXIy H3AHraulnre ce eauH [o .upyr xbnMoBe eAHH TeceH tr He roJr KoBa r,r3BecreH npele3, xofrr.o ilo-KbcHo cbc 3acrurBauloro

"r""arrr, rpa6na Aa 6tAar

[oAqr,rHeHr,r Ha

77

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OJI'ITTITIE CKA I{C T OPVIfl II B. [IP.H.E. - II B. OT H.E.

Pr4MCKATA AfPECr s, CPErUv MAKEAOHVIfl,I4 EJIAAA (200 - 167 t. rrP. H.E.)

Anl4AH or AJIEKCAHAPT{fl (ox. 95 - or.

,,PI'IMCKA IACTOPI ILLYR.
S- 14.

fl"

(ontrcocurrte no

175 r.) HTM, c. 325 ct.)

flo uaxaganne sa AnoloH aBTapnenre 6nlu nocrvrHarvt

or HenMoBepHo rorqMo Heulacrue, rroHexe ytIacrByBaJII,r Karo cblo3Hl,rqll Ha MorncroM H Ha Kerrr{Te, Ko}rro ce Hapnqar KuMBpr4, B noxoaa r,IM
3aruHaJrr.r BeAHara npn 3anoqBaHero My B Hrlr{, a Koraro ce BLpHaJr il, ce nofl B r,rJr r,r 6es6pofi MHoro xa6n, Kor,rro ce pa3JraraJru H orpaBrJru H3Bopr.rre. A or J{enMoBepHHTe r,r3napeHnf Ha 3eMqTa HacTaHaJra qyMa Me)(Ay','Jlvpvrce,

cpeury

[elQH. floeeqero or rrx

or

ypa ra HHr,r Ab)KAoBe c rpb More

no

Haft-prHoro rr,rHeJrn aBTapnenre.

Te

3ano.rHaJrr{ Aa

6qrar or

oTeqecTBoTo cr,t, Ho noHexte pa3Hacfiru HaoKoJro qyMaTa, suxofi He HcKaJr Aa rr,r npueMe nopaAu crpax or Hefl. Te nponrryBaJrr{ ABaAecer r,r Tpr,r AHr,r H 3acenur'v eAua 6larucra v HeHaceJreHa rercKa o6racr Ha6rNso Ao nJreMero 6acrapupr. ua KeJrrHTe 6orrr ycrpor4Jr

uM pa3pyur,rJr rpaAosere. W seuacruero nM He npecraHaJro, Aoxaro n36nrsaftxu orpoAr,rHara cH, He HaxJryJrr4 y vtnn pnre, Kol,rro ce npoBHHuJrrr c rflx r,r H3HeMorBarr{ or r{yMara. Te onycroruuru 3eMr,rre HM r,r 3apa3eHu or qyMara no6qrHarpr orraM r,r AorrrJrn qaK Ao flnpnnenre. EorsrcroxraJr raKbB r<pafi Ha ne6naror{ecrnero Ha nJrnpr,rre
3eMerpeceHue
Te o6a.re He rrpecraHaJru Aa orpa6Bar xpaMoBere, Ho orHoBo unwpnitcxnre nJreMeHa, rJraBHo cKopAlrcKnre, MeAI4Te I,r AapAaHuure 3aellHo c KeJlrnre HaxJryJrr,r s MareAoHrdx n frpunn u orpa6nnu MHoro xpaMoBe, KaKTo u qenQnfrcrvfl,v.aKap qe lr roraBa 3atvHarvMHo3r,IHa. PnvrrsHlrre Ha rpr4aecer H BTopara roAlrHa or rrbpBoro r{M c6mcrsaHe c KeJITHTe, aKO lr OTTOTaBa HaCaM Aa Ca BOTOBAJII|{ C TffX Ha pa3Hr,r nHTepBaJrr,t, [oqHaJrr,r sofrHa noA KoMaHAara Ha Jlyunft Cqunuon cpeuy nmtpure nopaAu orpa6aauero Ha cBeruJrurrlara, rrfi xaro uMaJru Beqe
r{ KeJrrr.rre.

81

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fbpll}rf

H MaKeAoHI,Ifl. flpeAaBa ce, qe cbce]IIITe HM

noMHeJII't HeIrIacTI'l'Ta' KoI4To cnoJIeTeJI14

vnvpvre nopaAl4 aBTapI{eHTe

fH
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;

Asrnox floa rrpeAnon aa IIoMI4pflT flroreruefr c AHTI4ox, a

6eg ecqxaxBa noMorrr cpeqy Cq?rntaoH. Cunnnos yHlruoxnn cKopAHCKr4Te, qI,lr4TOOCTaTbuH uz6srar/'u H ce rroceJrr4nu npH l4crrp r no ocTpoBHTe My, a c Me,ur4Te H lapaaHu[Te cKJrK)r[tJl Mt4p, KaTo ro noAKyrnlJrH c orpa6euoro or xpaMoBere 3Jraro.
noKopHJI

U 3ATOBA HE AAJII,I TIOMOUI HA CBETOTATUHTC, HO AO6POBOJI HO

aeftcrBHTenHocr Aa pa:6epar )KeraHr,rqra Ha AHTr4ox H IIa My [onpeqar AoKoJrKoro 6nxa vrorln. BoAaqrr Ha rlpareHuqecrBoro fxefi nonc<an ot Anruox aa orcrbrru Ha flroreuefr xaro Ha puMcKrI IrpHflTeJI Aa ynpaBnqBa Bcr.rqKo, Koero 6arua rray ocraBnr, a rpaAoBere I Aslta, KoHTo

Syr. 3-13. AHrHox Belnxn ilpeMr4Han c Qrorara cu s Tparua,

t'

On,rran Mareroncxn BnaAeeJr, Aa ce cbFJIacw la craHar aBToHoMHrI, noHexe He e c[paBeAnHBo Aurr.rox Aa BJraAee roBa, Koero pl,tMrqHHTe orHeJrH or Onlnn. Toli xaaar, qe Ha['brHo HeAoyMrBaJI 3aluo e aoIIrbJI AHrunx c ronKoBa Qnora a sofrcra or Mu4us. a xpaftuopcxa A3rx, 3aulo

IOAqHHI4JI HacuJIa re3H' KoHTo My ce flporHBonocraBl,ulI,t,

HanaAHaJr Eepona

n 3aluo yKpe[Ba seirv'n

rpaAoBe Lr noAqHHflBa

yKpe[r4n Xepcouec !l B],3craHosr,r,r Jlfi:l4Ndaxust.Ts 6ula ocsonaHa or Jlu3nlrax, xofiro cleA AlexcaH.rlbp 6nn uap HaTpaKVfl, Karo Kpenocr cpeuy rpaKr{Te, Ho cJre,u cMbprra My rpaKr,rre fl pa3pytxrrJrH. AHrHox q 3aceJrnJr orHOBo, Karo noBnKar ns6srarvre ru3tuaxult, orKynyBalr HqKon or rqx, KoHTo creA nreHqBaHero cH norraAHalu e po6crro, u npu6aytn KbM Trrx Apyru npeceJrHrrun. flpu roBa AaJr lrM BoJroBe, Ape6eH Ao6urrr r{ 3eMelencKn opr,Ilr,rfl H ue npeue6perBaJr Huruo 3a 6tp:oro H3AUraHe Ha Kpe[ocTTa, noHex(e ToBa MtcTO My Ce BHAflJIO, qe e
l43BbHpe,uHo ylo6Ho pa3noJro)KeHo cpeuy unla Tparufl n npe1craBfl, yao6Ha 6asa sa BcHqKr4Te My flo-HaraT.brlrHH Haq]rHaHHff. Bcnqxo roea ro AoBeJro,rlo flBHa Bpa)KAa c pHMJrflHHTe. Koraro HanaaHan rpbuKHTe rpa.uoBe B Ta3H o6lacr, floBeqero My ce [oAqHHunA u fipnenr.{ tapHu3oHr4 or crpax aa He 6bAar [peB3eryr cbc cnJra. O6aqe )KHTeJTHTe Ha

Cuupua, ua JlauncaK v Ha Apyrr4

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[rpaloee] My ce

Tpaxun, ocBeH aKo He e nolroroBKa 3a apyra eofrHa. Astnox orroBoprlJI, qe roit 3aeMaJr orHoBo Tpaxun, Kotro 6Hra sasraArHa or HeroBI4Te npahel.^u ra eary6ena nopaAn 3aerocrra nM, T'bfr Karo HTMaJI Apyra pa6ora, H qe Bb3Anrual Jlu:ur,r axvfl, ga ceAaJIl4ure Ha cllHa cu Cererx; rofr rqsl aa ocraBn a3narcKr{Te npaAoBe aBToHoMHrr, aKo 3a roBa ce or6naroaaprr He Ha plrMJrrHlrre, a HeMy. ,, A c flroleuefr - xagar rofrcbM poAHHHa, AOpu ue My 6b,Ila rlcr u rue ce norpruKa Aa BII ce or6laroAapra. Ho ue4oyMtBaM, c KaKBo rlpaBo pnMrqHI,ITe ce 6tprar ToJrKoBa MHoro r A3ul, AoKaro a3 Hu nafr-uarxo He ce 6bpKaM B VlTanus,." Taxa re ce pa3AeJrr.rJru,6e3 Aa rrocrr4rHar Helqo. SYR.,21. Asrnox orHoBo Ha[aAHaJr Xerecnosra, AoIUbJI c Qrorara cn r XepcoHec n rrpeB3eJr vnu4 rl,pvBnflKa,n Ha cBol crpaHa MHoro rpaaoBe n Tparna. Tofi oceo6oahJr KonKoro rbpIII{ uMano noArparuficra Bnacr H nollHacrrJr Ha Bu3aHTuirunre MHoro noAapblrH, noHexe vManv MHoro yAo6en rpaA npu ycrlrero ua floura.

xofiro roKy-qo no6eAnr (Durr,rn Ma*eAosc*n, B eAHo cpaxeHne r Tecalul, rroHexe npe3 H3BecrHo BpeMe MaKeAoHcKHTe H rpbrrKure HHTepec[ ce Kpr,crocBaJrn.-- Mexqy Asrnox pr QrauuunH ce pa3MeHr,rJrr,r HrKoJrKo npareHr,rqecrBa r{ ce HafipaBr,ulr{ 6eapesylrarnu onHTH sa pas6r,rpareJrcrBo. Or Arlro BpeMe pnMnffHHTe u Asrnox ce illeAarH noAo3pHTeJrHO e[nH Apyr: Te pal6upanu, ve AHrnox, Bb3rop!flH OT BeJrHqr4ero Ha Abp)KaBaTa cH H oT noAeMa Ha UIaCTneTO CH, He rqe ce crpecHe, a rofr cxraulaJr, qe eArdHcrBeHo puMJrflHure ule npevar uafiMHoro Ha pa3r.trupeHnero My r,r Ha npeMHHaBaHero vry a Eapona. Bce nar Te oure HrMaJrH flBeH rrpeAJror 3a BpaxAa Ao MoMeHTa, Koraro e pul,t AoIuJrH npareHr,rrrH sa flrolevefr Qulonarop, Kor,rro ce o[JraKBaJr!r, qe

fly6rnft Cuunuos rrpr4crl{rHarl s ErorLIq 3aeAHo c xru ce6e cr4 BofrcKara sa Mannfr. Tofi cuersa.n o6caAure e Erornq 3a Hr,nqoxHo AeJro, orcrbnnJl npeg uol6ara Ha
SYR., 109-133.
KoHcyna h fiplrcbeA]rsnn

eronnfrulrre Aa H3nparflT traK npareHr,ruu s PHrvI n no6rpsal [a noreruIH cpeqy Aurnox, trpe,{lr lla ]I3Teqe KoMaHAyBaHero Ha 6par vy. flpes Ma reAoHHq uT p axwx ceorfipa B HJr Ka'u Xe.n ecnosra. flpn rora nbryBa He
I,IUIJI AA CE I,I3JIO)KH HA MbqHOTPI}I H 3ATPYAHEHWT, AXO OUTTT,TN MAKEAOHCKI,I

He My nponpaBnJr rrbT, aKo He Fo [oKpoBHTeJIcTByBaJI It cbrlpoBoxl[aJl, aKo He 6nn nocrponn orAaBHa MocroBe Haa peKr.rre u se 6ut fipl4rorBltn

Anrnox

ncKaJr Aa 3aBJraaee Cupun u Kunuxufl,. pnwnwture ce Bb3noJr3yBaJrlt or roen yAo6eu clyuafr H [poBoAr,rJru npareHnur rrpt4

'fi,,
|,il,

AocrarbqHo npunacn. flopa4u roea CqunHoHoBuI.ITe BeAHara My orrpocrHJrH ocraHanaTa cyMa, noHexe raKa r,rM nopbqaJl ceHara Aa cropflT, aKo HaMeprr, qe oxorHo HM noMara. Te nsnparuJll{ nrlcMo I,r Ao
83

82

Bt4TLtHcKvtfl,

uap flpycnfr, cbo6uraBafrKr

ca oKa3arr' noMour Ha p'MrqHrare, re

"so6^o Ce lr3BbHpeano peIIreHHflTa CH, I,I3ruIa[rHJI MHOfO, 3aqoTo CMeTHaJI, r{e

orraKBaHeTo My BcHqKo fiponaAHano, xaro puMjrqHure r4Marru HaAMourHe Mope, KbAerocMflTaJI' qe e MHoro [o-cHJreH, poAocrl,Te

se 6u rta npeael. Ho cleA Karo y3HaJr 3a roBa nopaxeHr4e, Auruox, xofrro 6Er sHHarH n"*orr"na" u 6rpso fipoMeHfln
@r.r-nun

roea rue 6bAe cpeqypHMJrrHr{Teor roJrffMO3H aqeHle,KaKTO e 6uno us aeilcrsnreJrHocr, *ato npeMuHaBaHero Ha soricxara rrr\,r r,r npe-a ocraHaJrara Tpaxun ularo 6r.ue

SYR., 137-142. tlpeau Aa y3Hae Kpar-Ha MopcKoTo cpalKeHue rpu Muonec, Aurnox rplDrurr.rBo yKper,rr Xepconec n";;;;; us. Toir cMsraJr, qe

Axefr cxoro rrpucra Hlrut e n Hfl.KouApyrn rpaAose .a Hero, a A6uAoc, noHe)r(e He My ce noAquHnr, rofr

$aora n eAHa qacr oT eoficxara ar, u no""vero xopa6, ornJryBaJr 3a Xelecnosra, 3a Aa rrpexBbpJrr{ aofrcxara " cn. cecroc, poiirefron,
n

OIPOCTI,IXME OCTAHAJI HN MY gbrr". Karo vya rora llpycuri oxorso ce cbruracr,rJr Aa BJre3e B cbro3 rIporHB AHruox. Koraro aAMupaJrbr JIuenfi y3Han' *-no"oou CqnnlaoHoeur,rre, ocraBna s Eorr,rua poAoceqa "u Hassrva* c poooa*uru

OCEO6OAI,IXI\,IE CI,IHA MY OT 3AJIOXHI'IIECTBO Ir

MarceAoscxu ocraBurn4 ra qapyBa, MaKap r,r Aa

ca;1"ffiffiffi:;""llf##:
ro no6eAuru
,,u

rv

rn Xenecnonra, roEro 6nn ocraBeH 6e: oxpaua, n no6tpranro orrou, ou a capgr, AoKaro Asruox oure He [peAyraxaaJr npr'ABr,rxBaHeTo ]rM.
sYR.,224-228. vcneur'o Masrnfi r,r3Bbprx,Jr BcHrrKo. CreA rosa o6a're rofr u:nycuaJr c'bBceM 6espascr,rHo rrpoJreTHr4fl ce3oH, 3a Aa oTnJryBa, U ue o6rpnaJr BHr{MaH.,e HA Te)KKuq 6arax, rofrro HoceJr, MaKap, qe xe 6na npHHyAeH roBerre Aa r.{3MoprB a vrn,qa rpeHqpa B cyxonbreH Maprx soficrara cH, KOflTO He OTUBaJTa ua sofrHa, HO Ce Bp'buara c frJrflrrKa B oreqecrBoro ct4. Tofi norernHJr rrpe3 Tpaxua no eAr'rH TeceH' Al,JIbr H MT,qeH rlbr [pe3 nafr-roaervrure fopeIIIuHu,6e3 la e npeAr,r3Becrnr @nrun e MaxeaoHra fl,Ta r,a ro flocper.uHe H ilpn.qppKa_ ra. I-Ipn roBa He pa3AeJrriJr eoficxara Ha MHoFo qacra,3a Aa ceABr,rxH no_ 6e:uryvuo v \a ce cHal'ssa no-necHo c xeo6xoAuMoro, nbK r{ He HapeAI4Jr rpaHc[opTr4Te Me)K,qy soiicroshre orprlpt, Koltro BbpBeJru B noxo^[eH crporT, 3a IIa ce na3flT no-,qo6pe. Tofr aoaer r!flilara soilcra s [b:rra KoJroHa' a rpaHcfloprnTe nocraBnJr B Cpeaara r)r, ra nopa.uu [bn)Kl{Hara 14 TecHorl'lflTa Ha nbrt He Moru]I,r Huro nbpBtrre, HHTO xpafruure r''r orpelra \a uM ce npqT6rrBar Ha floMorq. Ero 3aulo, Karo HanaAaJrH TpaKHTe OTCTpanu,6una:ary6eua roJrrMa qacr or nrqr{Kara, -or napHTe H AOpH or caMara sofrcxa. c ocraualara qacr ce orreHr,Jr B MareAoHHq. or rosa uari-cunno [porr,rqaro KaKBa ForqMa floMoru oKa3aJr @nnnn sa Cqnnuoro"urre, Karo ru flpupyxaBaJr, H KaKBa ronflMa rpeuKa r43Bbprur,rJ| AHruox, Karo r,r3ocraanr Xepcosec. or Maxe,uoHr,rq Masrrafr Mr.rHaJr r Teca"nua, orraM n Enup Ep^ro r ^ Karo nycHan ocraHanara soricra ua ce npu6epe no [ovrosere ^, cr4, ce
3aBbpHaJr g PraM.

cqlrn'ooHosrrr,rre y3HanH 3a oTTerrqHero My, 6rpso aaeaeru Jlu3nvaxru, 3aBJIaAeJIlt c'bKpoB?rqara r{ opbxr.rflTa Ha XepcoHec, BeIIHara [peMHHa_

pr"""o, J"r,,

*",

odcau"n.

"

t"ii

Aa

HgsrHpeAno TpyAHo, aKo

6oxecreoro ce onbrqBa cpeqy sero. Tofi ,ror"rrr"n, ur-"rrrp"*"

rrii

ctc

fi3ocraBwr Xepconec, npeAr.r

[peBexAaJI npe3 HerrpoxoAHMHTe rrbrnr.ua. Crrayreu PHMN.flH o, ,o"a, nbK H noHexe 6or rray noMpaqr,rJr pa3cbAbKa, Heruo, "c"v*o Koero ce cryqBa c BCI,TTIKII' HAA KOI.ITO HAABI{CBAT HEIIIACTI', rOfr 6ES BCflKAKbB CMI,CIJI
Aa

6al e fI a rvrQ r,rn nr, nb K u e nnnn, *r'y"'"p"ro"rru MY, qE HflMA TA N6PAZ, TOBA, KOCTO IPET'PTIflJI ""rrp" OT YITE, rH
3

''o arBopr,rJr lr Anu

Ho nosexe 6or ro no6rpxar, rofi se oxpaHflBaJr Mffcroro 3a rrpeMriHaBaHe' HO 6rpean Aa MHHe BbB BbrpeuHocrra, 3a Aa H3npeBapl,r He[pHrreJrHTe, r,t 3aroBa He ocraBnJr HHKaKBa oxpaHa. Cnea xaro
84

C-" .ro.p"o,ur sa nu3nruraxnfrqr{Te, Kor,rTo, cbrrpoBoxAaHn oT XeHHTe H AerIaTa cH, c safixane dnratu 3aeAHo c Hero, Karo rre nH rpaAbr 6nl o6caAen, u MHCJrr4Jr caMo KaK,Ua Ha Henpr4flTenfl. Aa HarrpaBr,r AecaHT B A6ra4oc, nocraaqftxu B''oflpequ ToBa qqnara cH HaAexqa
3a r,r3xoAa

HarpyrlaJl TaM' I{ He rH I43ropI'IJI, Ho ocTaBHJI Ha Henpr4qrer.r Bcr.rqKH Te3H rpaMaAHH CpeACTBa HenOKr,THaTu. TOft ne

ce6e c,n MHoroTo ,punacn, opbxr,rr, napn

Br,r \HHenpuflre_lx.

flpu roBa He oTHecbJr u MarrrlrH', Kotrro

TIAT JIUBttn y_\l\_ABlrI/M (59r.np.n.e. _ t7 r.or n.e.) ,,IACTOPIAfl HA P',IM OT OCHOBABAHETO HA |PAAA' (onwtcttnrc no IzlTM, c. l4g ct.)

or sofrHara.

XXXII 40. Mar.nuil ce orrrpaBfiJr c Aecer Jrerara v c wlrara cvt sofrcxa sa Xerecnour, rlero 6n"rr csuxar rrraBarapHTe ua ralnre. Torl nu cro6rqnJr ycJroBt4rra, xonro rpn6BaJro Aa crra3Bar, sa 6t\arB MHp
Eaueu, u nM 3ailoBr \an gsce orKaxar or o6[qaq cu la 6ryas,
Ea

c opb)<l,te B pbKa u r,a ce onpaHHr{ar B npeaeJrrire Ha cBorlTe seMH. Clren

,u"p"a

85

TOBa, KarO rrpHcbeAr.rHnJr KbM cb6paHfiTe or q.flnoro Kpafi6pe)ue Kopa6u H Qrorara Ha EBMeH, Korro roBeJr or Eneq, 6parrr Ha roq qap, AreHefr, flpexB'bpJruir Bcr,rqKara cta sofrcxa r Erpona. Orrau [oeJr nbrt npes XepcoHec, npr,rABr,rx(BaJr ce 6agHo nopaAu orpoMHara rrJrrqKa, KoflTo MbKHena sofrcrara v.y, v ce cnpflJr Ha 6usax e Jlusr,rr\,raxufl,3a \a
HaBne3e c IIo Bb3MoxHocr orlloqvHan v cbB3eJr ce B[perHar ao6urrx r Tpaxna, [pe3 Kosro Mr4HaBaHero Hso6uo cb3AaBaJro crpax. B cruruq AeH, Koraro norerJrHJr or Jlugupraxvr, tpucrt4tHaJr Jlo rrfi HapeveHara pexa Merac H orraM Ha creaHnq AeH AorxbJr s Knncena. flo-sararrr or Kuncera B rrpoAbnxeHne Ha Aecer MHJIH nbrflT MHHaBan npe3 ropn, 6nn

Ha AoJIHHHTe.

flrr v

cavlaflT 6arax, I,I KoJIHTe, KoI,ITo cJlyun;"o

f
!t

c'bBceM Heyao6Ho [peA eIlHHTe nn H apyruTe, 3arpyAHrBanH cpa)KaBaulHre ce. Tyx sarI,IBaJI rpa6nrelar Ha nJlqqKara, r.au aofiHI4Kbr, xofito ce o[HTBan Aa My rl orHeMe. Heeaeuclavo or roBa, llanu Mtcroro
Lr

u3 flpe rrBar

""

e 6ralo yao6Ho uru HeyAo6Ho 3a rl,Ifl nnv oHt4fl lt BbrIpeKH ,[yxa

Ha

cpa)KaBauure ce H TexHHq 6poft (eaHu ce BTlpHann cpeqy noBeqe .uyrun

orKoJrKoro ca 6utn, a apyrn cpeuy no-ManKo nyuru), cta6ara o6laronpnlrcrByBana ry erHara crpaHa, Ty llpyrara crpaHa. MHosIaHa or ,[Bere crpaHn 3arr{HaJIu. Beqe Holura ce npu6nv)KaBara, Koraro TpaKr4Te HaflycHaJrl,t Mflcroro Ha cpa)KeHfiero, He ga Aa u:6erHar paHH
l4JI14

HepaBeH. flopaau rpyAHocrr,rre, Kor,rro cb3AaBaJr rofl rrbr, Mannufr parAenlrJr sofrcxara crn Ha ABe qacrn. Tofr safloBflaaJr Ha eAHara or rffx aa o6pasyna qereH o.rprA, a Ha Apyrara aa 3aeMe Ha ronrMo pa3crofHue or Hero MflcroTo Ha rr,rJroB oTprA v Hapel.un lla ce [ocraBH floMe)rrAy r.rM B cpeAara o6osbt s xofiro Brlzr3arr KoJIHTe c Abpx(aBHI4

TeceH

CMt'pT' a 3atUOTO B3eJlLl llOCTaTa'rIHO IIJIqqKa.

napvvt nafi-uenHara qacror nrqqKara. Vlrstrt [roM HaBJIq3.[a eoilcxara

or qerHpllre nJleMeHa acrvu (astii), xeHu (coeni), r'aaayareHn (maduateni), u Kopenn (corelli), ce pa3IIOJIO)KI,tnh .llo CAM'I/'r npOxOA n yCTpOI'IJIH 3acaAa Ha nr,Tt. I4ualO cryx, qe roBa HanaaeHne He 6nlo craHaro 6es lracbcKBaHero Ha Or,rlr,rn;
B npoxoaa, oKono aecer xr,rJrflau rpaKl,!.

rofr 3Haer, qe pnMnrHure rueJrn aa ce 3aBbpHar He [pe3 apyraAe, a npe3 Tpaxun u qe HocerH crc ce6e cH rorqMo KoJrl{qecrBo napr.r. C qeJIHHfl orpfllt BbpBflJr rrbJrKoBoAerl'br u ce 6e:noxonl [opaAu repeHa, rofrto MorbJr Aa Kpr,re BcrKaKBr{ onacHocrr,r. Tpaxure ue MpblIHaJIIl eto6ue or MqcToTo cr,r, AoKaTo MHHaBaJT npe3 rroxoAa qeJIHlttT Bbopbx(eH oTpsI. Ho uovr BvrlLerv, qe rofi H3Jrr3bJr or npoxoAa, a rnJroBr,rrr orpsA orue se ce npn6ruxaBaJr, HanaAsalu o6oga u 6araxa. Karo Hs6t,tsaJlI,I rla3aqHTe r'ry, parrpa6BaJru ToBa, KoeTo ce HaMr,rpano B KoJIHTe I{ oTKapBaJIH Ao6urrra 3aeAHo c roBapa Hbr. Bnxosere Ha Ha[aAHarI{Te AocrHrHaJII,I orHaqaJro rr,rr, Kolrro rr,r cJIeABaJIIt u6utu Beqe HaBJIe3HaJII,I B npoxoAa,
ToBa 14 Ao rrerHHq oTpflA; oT ABeTe cTpaHu ce cTvtqaJIH ToraBa KbM Mex(Ar,rHHoro flpocrpaHcrBo, rAero 6ur o6osrr, u cbIrIeBpeMeHHo ce 3aBbp3Ba Ha MHoro Mecra 6espeano cpaxeHue. Tpaxnre, 3arpyAHeHH or rrJrrqKara, c Koqro ce HaroBapnJrn, rrbK r,r-noBeqero or rqx, 6uaeitxw 6e: oprxue, rroHexe vcKanv Aa uM 6raar pbllere cro6oftru, ea ga rurrr{KocBar, 6wyanw ur6wvanu; a pnMJrrHr,rre HMaJIH npeA ce6e cu TpylHocrra Ha repeHa, rrfr xaro BapBapHTe ce BTypHaJIH cpeuy rxx [o rrbreLrKr4, Kor,rro uv.6ntu no3Harl.r H ce Kpuenu lroHffKora H B rbHKHTe
a cJreA

41. Yetnunr puMcKH orpflA, Karo H3JIfl3'LJI or npoxoAa, pa3rroJroxnJr cBor craH Ha orKpHTo Mtcro oKoJro xpaMa Ha Een[n[a, a Apyrara rracr or eofrcrara ocraHana BcpeA npoxoaa aa rra3n o6osa H ce o6xpr'xura c aBoeH oron. Ha cne,[Hnq IJeH Tfl, Karo HattpaBHJIa orJIeA Ha flpoxoAa [peA?r Aa noTerrH Hanpea, ce cbe.lIlIHI4JIa c qeJIH]tt orpau. B TOBa Cpa)KeHHe, KOeTo ce BoAHno noqTH HaBpeA no uflnoTo [IpoTexeHue Ha npoxoaa, 6nnu 3arrlHaJllr qacr or o6o3a LI or KoHflpt4Te, a cburo H r.r3BecreH 6pofr sofrnuuu, Ho Hafr-ronql,Iara aary6a 6ula culprra Ha KsHHr Mnuyurafr Tepu, xpa6rp H npea[pl4eMq]IB BOptH. B cturuq rogn AeH aor.xJr H ao perara Xe6rp. Orrar.,r fipeMpIHanH FpaHI,IuHTe Ha eHoclrure

XXX\TII

rtfr HepaeeH Karo nbpBl,Ifl, Ho rloHlMa HHKaxaa ropa. Tyx HaoKOJro MarKo FoleH 3a 3acaaa, rroHe)Ke flreMe - ce 6unvt rpaxuircKo TpaB3r4Te (thrausi) H Te caMHTe ca
ToBa Mqcro - HaBJre3Jrr,t
B

norpafi xparraa Ha Anolos, Kororo MecrHHTe xnreJlH Ha3oBasarAnoroH 3epnurufrcxu (Zerynthius). OronoTeMn?rpa (Tempyra) -mft ce HapI,Iqa
apyr flpoxoJl,

rtfr Karo ryK Kollro re3I'I, oocaxAaln AOJIHHHTe Ca IOJIl,l, 6nnU Za6enflgaH.v orAareq n no-MaJIKo crpax cMyr cera, npoxoAa. 3a rosa pIaMJIflHI4Te ngilt4Tarn BoIUIT B orKpl,tr 6oesu noHex(e Bb[peKr,r neyAo6uoro Mscro Mornu Aa KbM Te ce npu6lnxaBar peA cr,c cr6pann cunw ucrv+cKo cpaxeHne. rl,t Haflaaar, npofoHBar HeflpuflTervre cH B crbcreH crpofi c BvtK,t4 Karo
crpynaJrH, Karo ce HaaflBaJllt cblrlo Aa B3eMar nnflqKa. Ho

rr{ or Mrcroro HM u ru or6rrcKBar: Hacrtnea nocne 6qrcteo H ceq, Karo fipu rosa coScrBeHr,rflT HM fipoxoa HM cb3AaBa 3arpyEHeHLIr. Pulrlsnare xaro no6eAATern pa3noro)Ktrn14 craHa cvfipnt eAHoceno Ha vrapoHnfiunre (Care ro Ha3oBaBar). Ha cJIeaHI,Ir AeH Te HaBre3JIH no e.ur.rH orKpr4T rrbr n l-lpr.rarr,rficKoro no.ne (Priaticus campus). Tar.a re flpecToflnn TpI,I IIHH, 3a ]la floilyqaT xHTo oTqacTI4 oT H]lBI{Te Ha
87

86

TOraBa ctc ce6e cH no-MaJrKo nJrflqKa, oTKoJTKOTO XeJraeJrlr. Bnpovevr cnopeA TBbpAeHHero Ha Krasar,rft n roraBa oKoJro nerHaAecer xvrlfl.wt
TpaKr4 ce r43[peqHJrH Ha

ragn soficxa, Korro BoAeJI IIo cbulltf nrr cuunnoH, TpaKHTe Ce OKa3aJrn no-MnpoJrlo6nsu,u ro He no HqKaKBa Apyra np[qr4Ha, a 3arqoro HoceJrr,r

MapoHr,rfrIIHTe, KOeTO Te CaMr,t uM noAHecJrr4, oTqacTr.t oT cBor,rTe Kopa6u, Kor,rro ru cJreABaJrH Kpaft 6pera c BcrKaKlB BlrA npoBlr3nn. Klu cbulara

P'{MCKATA ArPECI g, CPEIUy TPAKI4TE (188 r. [P.H.E. - 106 f. oT H.E.)

flbrr Ha HyrunArdeua Myr]ru, xofiro

6rur r43rrpareH

Myrun roraBa cu npo6m fibr

IICTAECETOT6PAUUKOHHI,IIIH
I4

Hanpea, 3a aa pa3y3Hae MecrofioJlo)KeHr,rero, Karo nMaJr cbc ce6e cn r{ernpprcrorrH Hyunilwficxu rounuur,r H HrKoJtKo cJIoHa. Cunrr xa
rrpe3 Henplrqrer'Te cbc cBonre

cro

BEAHATA, CIEA

rAtO MYTNH

HACTAHEHNTE

nnyTAPXor XEPOHEfl, (ontmctnt no trITM, c'287 ctr')

SULL. 23, 10. Cyna Haxnyn e MeAI'Ira I4 Karo fl onycrolxl'IJl TIyBCTBHTeJI"O, Ot"O"O a" ta""p"Un e MareAOHIa f,:z-npnen sls OlrIHnn
AI4OH KACl/lN KOKI]E'{AH O-r HI4KEfl ( or. 155 - ox. 230 -235 r.) PI4MCKA VICTOPVII (ontrcucunrc no tr4TM, c. 372 c't')
Epyr y3Han 3a onHTa na Mapx AHroHHfi Ia sa y6nfrcreoro Ha 6par My, yllraueH aa He 6n lt HqrarBa Apyra lrpoMtHa au artr" s MaxeloHtrfl npe3 BpeMe Ha oTcbcTBHeTO My, BeAHra 6lpso npeMr{Han n Espona. Toft saer 3eMsra na CaAala, rofiro 6ral yupan 6^n 3aBeuraJl Ha pl'tMnqHtre, t4 HanaaHaJI 6ecure c 6is,[ereH, ^ ^ xauepbure ;1a HM orM1,crg 3a 3rr,tHHTe, Kotrro npnqr,rHr4Jrr4, n 3a AA npr.rno6ne HMeTo r{ 3BaHr{eTo nMnepaTop, Ta Aa BOtOBa cJIeA ToBa nolecso c flesap n Astonnfi. 14 s Asere cv 3allaqu rofi ycnxl, Karo My noMorHaJI safr-ugoro eAHH BJIaAeTeJI na uvre Pacxynopllc' O'rryxAourll g MareAounr, 3aTBbpAHJl TaM [oJIOXeHHeTO H CJreA TOBa ce 3aBbpHaJI orHoBo s Agnq.

rasn xanalepnfrcKa araKa HerrpnrreJrr,rre 6unu rrft pasxe6vreHt4, qe He cMeeJr[ cJreA ToBa Aa ce Ao6lnxar Ao pnMcKara nexora. I-Hefi Maslnfr npeBeJr eoftcxara cH npe3 MaxeAoHnq e Tecarnq. Orrau xar.o trotxbJr npea Ennp a AnoroHHg, HacraHr4Jt ce B TO3r,r rpaA Ha 39tMeH CTaH, rrfi raro BpeMero He ce noKa3aro 6laronpnrrHo,3a Aa [pexBbpJrr4 sofrcxara cu rpe3 ppero e Vlranus.

B IIEHTbPA CJIOHOBE H C PA3IIPEAENEHNTE B KPHJIATA KOHHI,IqI 3ABbP3AJI cpax(eHHe c Herlpt'ureJlg' HanaAHaJI TpaKHTe 3a rexeH y)Kac orKbM THJIa.

or

Apxerafi, xofrro uy cto6utnJl, qe BcilrIKo e Hapetr

XLVIU 25,l-2.

Ulorra

AI4OH XPI4COCTOM or nPyCA (nu. Fpyca) (ox. 40 - or. 120 r') PE[{I4 (ontrcrcnm no I4TM, c. 258-259)
e BOK)BaJI u e 6un npeB3eMaH, He e Beqe TaKa 3HaqHTeJIeH B cpaBHeHue cbc cTapaTa cv craBa. flosexe Ber{e oT ToJlKoBa MHOIO
SOCTOaHHO

OR., XXXVI, 4-5. fpaubr Ha 6opucreHunre, nopaAu ToBa'

qe

ce HaMI'Ipa Mexay BapBapnre, H TO noqTn MexAy Hafirofi nocroflHHo BoaeJI BofrHH, a tlecro 6nl u nperseMaH' "bfttct"etrre,
BpeMe
89

88

Heno, TaKa H Apyrr4Te rpaAoBe noleann 6pnrxa floura qaxAoAnolosus. rlopagn roBa r{ [ono)KeHr4ero Ha rpT,uKr4Te rpaaoBe B Ta3r,r o6racr e TBbpae 6eAcrseHo, floHexe B eaH]r oT Trx He npnuxaar 3aceJrHr.rqn, B
APYTI4 TEXHHIT

Toga e craHaJro s Hafr-rorqrua Mrpa He rrpeA, noBeqe or cro H nerAecer roaunu (r.e. B cpeAara ua I e. np.x.e.). ferure ca npasern rofaBa KaKTO

ocra sqfi xI4 a au rtp6a c ra rpa,u O u,'l L4trvr, 3 e lu Kop nulc xl't s u Canertcrus ce rrpoxoa, KOT4TO Ce BnaAeer14 or Pacrynolnc. cavo llpe3 TaM MOX(e lla [IpetlKa nbpBaTa MHHe oT Agllq e Eepona no r43BeCTHH' nbT. TOSa 6nIa

3a BofrcKnre

6POfi E TBbPAE HE3HAqHTEJIEH, A B TPETH CA CE CTEKJIH

BapBapr,t.

sa Kacnit' cJIeA Karo npeMI'tHaJIH or A6n'qoc e Cecroc' Pacxynoluc n Pacxoc 6unH ,u'saN{a 6parn uape' BnaAererH Ha eaHa H crua o6lacT, KOT4TO TOraBa 6unu sa pa3II4tiHO MHeHI{e OTHOCHO

fArZ CBETOHU' TPAHKBI4JI (or. 75 _ ctea122) 34. )KI4BOTA HA PI4MCKI4TE I]E3API4 (ontrctcunrc na Itl fM, c. 284 ct.)
lUL.r
rpoeKTr,r KaKTo 3a pa3KpacflBaHero u ypea6ara ua puu, mfi u za ocnrypqBaHero r,r yFoneMsBaHero Ha HMrlepnqra. Tofr Bb3HaMepflBaJr ra
44. Ueeap npaBeJr

c'bro3rlBaHero c eAHa or,uBere BotoBauH crpaHH: Pacroc ce npucteAnHI4n rru Asronnri ra I-lesap, a Pacxynolnc - KarM Epyr r'r Kacui't, Karo BceKH nHTaJIn 3a oT Trrx r,rMaJt rlo Tpvxvn'.iluKoHHnKa. Koraro Kacyrfr ra Epyr xofrro qe u Mapoxen' fibrqr npe: Enoc n'brnluara, Pacrynonnc Ka3ar, Caneftcrus rtu e rrpaK u no xoilro ce BbpBt'l o6hrHoeeHo, BoAeJI

or aen

Ha AeH Bce noBeqe H [o-rpaHAHo3HH

tpyu"*. Kao,rf u Epyr

Hacpeua

ce ,rpo,*oA, xolZro, aKo ce 3aeMen or Heflpnqrerfl, He 6u uorll aa 14 tto-a'bJll'r [peMHHe, a [pyrHrrT ntT, xofrro 3ao6uKalflI, 6nl'rpofruo

MucJreru,

tle HeflplltlreJlflT

He-

norernnn
B

rrocrpor4 ellr4H rorqM xpaM Ha Mapc, KaKbBTO no-paHo He ClurecrByBaJr Hr,rKbAe... aa cBeae rpa)KAaUCXOTO npaBo KbM r,r3BecTHa HOpMa... Aa o6ysaae aaKHTe, KoHTo'-ce 6n,r' parnpocrpaH'r, qaK B ilorrra n Tparnl. Ho cv'rprra roQrsxeHaaaJra BcpeA Tv1fl My [puroroBJreHn u
rrpoeKTr4.

Tpixlla

ayrp""ro rr,pr Egoc n Mapouel o'r J[_tagnuaxvtt vt KapAnr, KOI4TO o-6*"auat Karo Bparh Tparnftcxul Xepcouec, v Ha Apyrnfl aeH
rrpl,tcTlrfHanil ao 3aJrHBa Melac. Tau uanparl4JlH Ilpernel Ha eofrcrara
rarnlan tleTHpH xvlttto.vt KeJlTn I'I JIy3l4TaHH
xA

r4M, 3a aa uM npe[peqr4 n'bTfl, HO e MI,IHaJI rropaAr4 MbrrHorl,ru B npoAoBon crBl4ero. 3 aroea re ce ornpa

Or MaxelloHl{fl
HJI

e
14

AUG., 94, 6. Tatpae lo6pe e r43BecrHa cJleqHara cJryqKa, Korro craHana B aeHs Ha pa)KAaHero Ha Aerycr. flpe ro:n AeH s CeHara pa3rcKBanr{ no 3aroBopa Ha KarlulvHa u oxraeHri [orubJl no-KbcHO nopaAu pa)qraHero Ha cuHa cu. fly6nwfi Huruluir, raro pas6paa
qe ce poauJlo,[ere, Koero
rrpr4(tHHaTa 3a 3aKbcHeHr{eTO H HayqHI

c;.(...) Koustlutt Epyr

n '[Be

rfl AV Tpa KI4, vnvlpu, napreH tE u reca t nittfu "'

573-ST4.ArparueullPacxocAoBenMHo3l,IHaOTnJlaHHHara.Tofi

vqaca

Ha pa)KllaHeTO,

yBeprBan,

OxrasHfi Bornn sofrcrara

ue 6lAe rocnoAap

Ha uerufl ceqr.

I{ B cBer.ueHara ropa Ha .[,noHnc ce Aonr{Tan Ao opaKyJra Ha Eora sa crA6ara HacvHac[ro BapBapcKur o6peA, crruoro vry 6uJro [oTBbpAeHo oT xpelrHTe, noHexe cJIeA Karo BHHoro ce pa3Jltno Bbpxy oJITapa, TaKbB FontM [JIaMbK JIyMHaJI' qe ce n3AurHaJI Harope, HaA Bbpxa Ha CBeTHJIl{uero, qaK,uo se6ero - eAHo 3HaMeHr,re, no4o6Ho Ha roBa, Koero
noJryqr4Jr car.ao

cla HflKbIle r{3 oTllareqeHuTe

A Koraro qacru ua Tpaxna

or noHcKar 3a HarpaAa 6para cn Pacrynol ucuTailCfiaCHJI )K?tBOTa r"ry. ge pa3nHtlHo Ha 6nlu TOBa cTaHano flBHO, qe oule oT HaqaJIO Te3I,r TpaKH

eofrcrn, MHeHr4e, Ho rrpH c6JlrcreaHeTo B TflxHaTa 3eMfl Ha /lBe roneMH orJleIl poJlI4Te,C KOITTO CH Ocr-topBaln no6eaara, Te cA pa3IIpeAeJIHJII4 no6etreHHt' no6eAurelxr Kr,M aBosKl,tf pt3xoA na clA6ara, 3a JIa CnacH

cbulnq Tof oJrTap.

ArercaHAbp Benuxlr, Koraro flpr.rHacflJr xeprBa

(ontrcucunte no I4TM, c. 330 ct.)

Ha

MAPK TVLVrqyIIIEPOH (3.I'106 -7.X1r.43 r' np'n'e') OEB',I H''ITEJIHA PEq N POT'{B N 14 3OH (ontrcrcurtt no tr4'fM, c. 146-147)

Anl4AH

IN PIS., 34-35. Brpeaut JII{' qe Hue He cMe npocJler'urn aocrarr'r{Ho Ha 3JIHHHTe H 6eacrelrtra, KoHTo rBoqra BJIacr e npl4tlI4HI4JIa ga Kornc Ha uap npoBl,IHunrra?(...) 14 ru cluro, Karo ce 6eure Ilponal

8.C., IV, 368-373. Eeuuaufr u Hop6au, Korrro l{esap n AH.rosufr [pe,uBapHTer HO H3 nparlrr u s Ma reAoHr,rfl c oceM r ernoHa, Ha [peAHaJr I,r xHJtfLa lI nercrorr,rH craauu or MareAour4r KbM rrJraHr,rHcKa Tpaxunu,
90

oT Tpr4cTa TaJraHTa, HapeAr,r Aa noceKaT cbc ceKHpa Pa6oreur, e[HH KaTO CTaH TBO'I B trbpBeHuHTe Ha ilneMeTo 6ecn, aKo n Aa 6eure at)urln noMolq H npaTeHr,lK U \a TV o6eutaeallle oT cTpaHa Ha 6ecnre rolqMa
91

ITOAKPCNA OT IICXOTI,IHIII,I H KOHHL{III/.,

c"osHr,rurr, orMr,KHaxa po6w u oTBJrqKoxa ro6nrrr. )Ktlrennre na Tecalonr{Ka ce orracrBaxa 3a rpaAa cu v ce Bu/r'nxa IIpuHyAeHil Aa [olcrrJrflT Kpenocrra vy. Tra o.pi6, cBerilJrnrrrero Ha

sapo6nxa

Henpunrerv. Tut ru 3acraBH [ocrorHHuTe 3axrurHrrrr" rru Mu*eao.rr" Aa cTaHaT seiruu orrycrorrrr,treilv Lt rpalwrenn. Te pa:crponxa ct6npaHero Ha HaJro3HTe, [peB3exa rpaAoBe, onycrotrrnxa

ocTaHannre npareHl,r'r4, K.r,tro 6qxa AoL[rI,' 3ae.qHo c Hero, H rJlaBHTe hM npoAaAe Ha uap Kor.uc. Ha AeHrelerure, Hapo,(, KofrTo smHaru e 6vn IrocJtylxeH cnprMo Harxara BJracr, r4 AopH s odqoro BbcraHr{e Ha BapBapplTe rpn npeKTopa l-afi Cenunfr e 3arrlgTtrJr MaxeAoHHq, rn o6qsn npecr.bnHa r{ xecroKa gofrsa n AoKaro Mo)KeuJe lla rr{ H3noJr3yBarrr xaro Hari-sepHr,t cbro3Hrru[, npelfloqeTe Aa rH fipeBbpHeur a Hafr_arpnH

IA TU IIOFY6I,T HE CAMO HErO, HO I,I

caMr,rre MopcKH B'bJrHH. I-lpes

rcu.rxoro roBa BpeMe, B cBoqra cBr4perrocr,

Te He ocTaBIIJIh HLITO eAHa XeCTOKOCT HeH3nHTaHa CIlpqMO TUteHHHUHTe: yMr,rJrocruBqsanu 6oroeere c qoBe[rKa KpbB, rrHeJrr.t or qoBeurKr4 qepetrn

c BcqKaKbB Br,rA nonHrpaBKr,r cKBepHeJrLr cMbpTTa, KaTo cH cJryxeJllr KaKTo c orbH, T tfi, u c AHM; Aopr,r tl3TpbrBaJrr{ c M'brreHr,rr pox6ure or 6peveHuure )KeHil. Hafr-ceupenr4 or Bcr4rrKH TpaKr4 6n.nn cxopllrcKHTe, Ho KbM Tfl)o{ara cr,rJra ce [pa6aeqra ctulo H )c4.rpocr. Mecronolox(eHnero Ha ropure 14 [JraHnHrrre cborBercrByBano Ha xapaKTepa r4M. Taxa re
Lr

He caMo
HO

pas6uln n nporoHnnu sofrcrara, Korro npeABoxAar Karon,

ru,ft,

rroJrera,

n, HeUIO noqTr,r HeBepOflTHo, H3Ut,rIO r,r HarrbJ'tHo ,t nneHnlu. Dun.urt or6lrcua.n B caMara HM 3eMq rpaKure, Kor4To cKvrant u ce 6utu

lOrrrarep Csencypa, uafr-craporo

:a6olal. Hr.rxofr He ce cbMHflBarrre, qe HapylxeHHero rocTo[pHeMCTBOTO'

cBer[nr.rrue. EescvrtprHnre 6oroee HaKapaxa "up"uprr" HarrrnTe eofrHlun u Ea H3KyrrflT r,t rBoHTe npecra,nneH.,r,; Te 6qxa cnonereH' or eAHa HoBa 6olecr n gnxofr or rrx He Mo)Ke[Ie ,ua ce H3reKyB?, uor,r BeAHbx( e

u sart_ruu"roro y

pa3rrpbcHanu aa rpa6ex. Apys rH rporoHltJr oue ro-HararbK r4 HM aa6pannn Aa npeMr,rHarar.(yuaaa, Muuyuufr 143Bbprrrun ofiycro[reHr,{s no uenHq Xe6r'p, uo:ary6n.n MHot'o or sofrHHrruTe cH, Koraro Mr,rHaBaJr c KoHHHuara cH rrpe3 BepoJroMHo3aMpb3Hanara pexa. Byr:oH rrpoHr,rKHaJr
s PoAonHre n Xeuyc, Kypr,ron crnrHaJr qaK ao
a Jlyxyl - 4o Kpafl Ha cBera, a,o Tanauc H e3eporo Meornaa. Hafr-xecrorure HenpnrrreJrr,t 6ranr,r yctrar,rpeHu caMo no HarrHHa, xofrro 6nl npucurl Ha co6crseHrare uM HpaBr{. Aopr,r nJreHHHur4Te6unu HaKa3BaHn xecroKo, xaro 6nln n3rapqHlt u nzlusauu. Ho unulo He ce noKa3ano Ha BapBapr4Te no-)KecroKo or roBa, raero Ha HflKon 6uru orpx:aun pbuere H ocraBeHn xnBt4,3a \acBn(erercrByBar, qe ca 6unnsaxa3asu. ll 27. Kaxro no-paHo qecro B'bcraBanu TpaKure, raxa oco6eno BAHFHaJTH BbcraHr,re npfi qap Peueralx. Tofr ru floayqr4n, aKo n Aa 6rnar BapBapu, aa cH cnyxar c BoeHHa KoMaHAa n a ca'ulo n c pHMcKo opb)Kr4e. Ho o6y:qaHu or flu:oH, ^Ac:[.urtrula, Te [poflBr4JrH B nJIeHHHqecrBoro cu cBoqra rpocr. Karo ce o[rlTBaJrH Aa npetpr,r3ar

or

MpaqHHTe

r'r

recoee. Anufr crnruan qaK Ao capMarr,tre,

\axua,

Ho ce [3[JrarrHJr

rocfloAap,

lfpax"fc*ru; , Tecalonuxa. B npo4urxeHr.re Ha rplr roAr.rHH rn 6erue eauHcrBeHn,

XepcoHec
eAHHCTBeHr,tq

aaBaHoTo )r(HTo, aKo Moxe Aa ce Ha3oBe Ao6pono.nuo roBa, Koero ce H3TpbrBa Hac[Jra t,t nopaAfi crpax? Toaa novyncTByBaxa HapaBHo noqrn Bcr,rqKr,r B flpoB'Hqr,rsra u oco6ego Te)r(Ko 6oruenre A xnrerurexa BngaHruon,

Ha cBertr,'ll4luara ca npuquH4ruroBa TOJIKoBa orrlarHo crcrogHne. ros u art x 6po fr npecrt r reHHfl Tvt Be qe Aor a Bq ur c Bor{Te npecr.b rrn eH ufl lr )KecroKocru. (...) Ka rra MrpKa cH cnox(HJr Ha oqeHKara xa cr6upauoto )Kr4To H KaKBa MrpKa _ xa ao6pononHo

[pe,{r.r3BHKBaHe Ha noc,'rytxHr4Te cbro3HuuH rr,Nl eofrHa u orpa6eaHero

y6nficreoro Ha fipareHnrrnTe, npecrbrHoTO

Ha

or

)t(r,rTo B npoBr,rHrll,rfl Ta.

orleHfiTer, eAr,tHCTBeHH' fipoAaBar{ Ha BCr,rrrKoTo

BepnfHTe, Te HaKa3BarH Cill|'ly. CBOaTa CBr4penOCT.

AHILW

OlOp (onxrctttt no I4TM, c. 279 c,t.)

iuao" olturn

AI4OH KACI n KOKIIEI4AH (ontmcunt no I4TM, c. 372 c.t.)

cr*t*arv
ca:'MATA

HaxJlyrr caMo B Hafr-6rHsruTe npoBr,rHunnTecatus "e "e n

r{aK

C,'rea MaKe'oHr,tre no 6oxus BoJ' BbcraBaT TpaKHTe, Kor,rro HrKOra ca nJraruaJrn AaHbK Ha MaKeaoHnre. Te

I39.

LI

23, 2-271 2. Mapx Kpac, H3npareH e MareAoHun

n Enaga,

[o ArpnatnvecKo

nprpoAa ce HaMecBaJra

Bt:npeuu or Hero, Karo qe JrH cpeqy Tfx, Te xBbpJrr.rJrH cTpeJrr,t cpeqy

Mope. 92

^a Aalvaqns, uo

BoroBaJr cpeqy aaKflTe n 6acrapuure. Ka:axnae Beqe KoH ca AaKure H 3aruo ca craHaJrn HerpuflTenvHapuunflHure. EacrapuuTe nbK, KoHTo ce crlHTar ocHoBarenHo 3a cKHTr,r, npeMr,rHaJrr{ ToraBa lAcr.sp, noKopr{Jrr,r

Jlexa[lara cpeuy rnxMu3un, v cne\ ToBa

93

cbceAHHTe

r)r

rpu6a.nu

u AapAaHr4Te, KoprTo xHBeflT

TrrxHaTa 3elvIfl.l|TaKa, AoKaTo Bbpluenpr

C

TOBa, Te He BJIe3JIH B CTT,JIKHOBeHI.{e

p?IMJIflHHTe. HO KOTaTO npeMWIF'A]/'

Xertayc 14 onycrorxr.rJln qacrra or Tpaxna, Koqro [puHaAnexr{ Ha AeHTererr4Teu 6nta c'bto3Ha Ha pHMJraHHTe, ToraBa Kpac, 6ralo:a Aa noMorHe na Cwrac, cnenr{fl uap Ha AeHTeJrerr,rre, 6nro qe ce crpaxyBaJr oco6eso lrsoro 3a MareAoulrs, ri3Jrfl3bJr Hacpeua uv. Tofr rH H3nJrarluJr caMo c npn6luxaeaHero cA r tt4 r{3noHnn or crpaHara 6es 6ofr. Crea TOBa rr4 npecneABaJr KaTo ce oTTefJrflJrr,{, 3aBJraArrJr TaKa HapeqeHaTa Cereruxa, HaBJrr3bJr B 3eMqra Ha MLr3r4Te H r orrycror.xul. A roraro ce [06,rnxnl c [pe,[Hrdre cH orpqalr llo eaHa cnJrHa Kpenocr, ilperbpflqr fiopaxeHr4e,3arqoTo MH3r4Te cMeTHaJru, qe THq oTpflIIIdca ca^{I/u3re3ru or xpenQrra H tw Harra,uHarn. Ho Kpac ce npr,rreKa,n Ha roMour c
rrpeB3eJr Kpenocrra. 6qrcrsoro cw H ce ,[oraro pa3noJro)KhJrH npu pexa Ke6t'p B oqaKBaHe KaKBo rue craHe. Koraro no6eAur MH3r,rre H ce orfipaBr,rJr cpeqy ux, 6acrapHure n3nparnJrn rrpareHr,rurl, c'bBerBafrKrn no aa He rH [pecJreABa, [oHe)Ke He 614rr r43BbprurJrr{ HqKaKBa HefipaBAa cnpqMo pr,rMrqHHTe. Kpac 3aAbpxan

qqrara cn eofrcra, or6lrcuan til v c o6caAa

O6Cax[al HflKOnKO AeHa. EAsa KOTaTO POleC, UapflT Ha qaCTOT FeTI4Te' My ce [pHTeKbJI Ha lloMoul, rofr uoxal aa cnoMH cbrlporuBara rIM' capr Po,lecno1llbn npr4 llesap u nopaau 3acnyfaTa vy6ran [poBb3rraceH 3a HerOB npr4flTen 14 CbH)3HHK, a [IeHHuqure 6nlu pa3npeAeJIeHH Mexjry eoilsttunre. Creatoea Kpacce o6tpual cpeqy Mu3rre uorqacru c [pI4ayMBaHe' oTrracTu ctc 3anJIaxa, oTqacTr4 ct,c cl4na lloAqI,lHtII HancThHa TpyAHO Ll pr,tcK6BaHg lOtITI4 BCl,ltlKI,l OCBeH Ma1UHHa' Torara, IIoHexe 6nro eette 3HMa, ce oTTeFJII4JT Ha IIpHflTeJIcKa 3eMfl' KaTo H3cTpaAaJI MHoFo OT cTyAa'aoue[oBeqeoTTpaKI4Te,npe3ql4flToyx[pH'TeJIcKa3eMqce ,olpruron. Ero sauo peurun Aa ce 3aAoBonH c u3Br,p'''eHoro. flr'r n 6nnu OttpeneJleHH )KepTBOnpuHO[leHnfl I4 npa3HSHCTBO 3a nO6egara He caMo B qecr Ha ue3ap, Ho I,I B HeroBa tlecr. Pag6npa ce' [Mero
r,rMflepaTop, KaKTO HIKOI4 Ka3BaT, TOfi He tloJlytlLIJI, nO [e:ap rO ilpl4CBOHn'

B'bpurer roBa, 6acrapHr,rre npeKparnJrH

Koraio 6acrapuure, oropqeHg or nopax(eHAero

ule BOroBa Beqe cpeqy

ct4 y3Hanu, qe

rofi

He
14

rxx, O6tpHanH

Ce OTHOBS

Cpeqy AeHTeneTuTe

cpeuy Curac, Kororo cMtraJI14 Hafr-BHHoBeH 3a HeuacrfiflTa cn' Taxa (pua-,,p..,trB xenaHr4ero cH ce BIIn'rHaJl H, Karo HacrbrrhJr 6rpso,
KaKBI,1TO

[paTeHHqHTe rroA npeAror, qe IIIe I,rM AaAe oTroBop Ha Apyrl4q AeH, orHecbJl ce c rflx MHoro apyxenro6xo, HarocrrrJr tvrvlrvr HanI,tJI, TaKa rre lla Mo)r(e aa y3Hae Bcr4rrKnre r4M HaMepeHran. BnpoveM urJroro CKHTCKO nJreMe e HeHaCHTHO Ha Br,rHO, HO r,r TBbpAe JTeCHO Ce yfiHBa. I-lpe: raa nour Kpac HaBJrfl3bJr B eAHa ropa, [ocraBuJr rrpeA Het
pa3y3HaBaqu v \ar nor{HBKa na eoficrara cn. Karo noMHCJII,IJIIi, qe pa3y3HaBar{ure ca caMH, 6acrapHrare rn HanaAHanr,r u [pecJ]eABaJrr,r B

HanalLHaJI rH HeOqaKBauO, nO6eAnl il n VM HaJIOxllJl MI'rpHH yCJtOBAfl, XenaeJt. HO U-tOt',t BeAHbX OTHOBO B3en Opb)KHeTO' nO)KeIaJI Aa

cr4orM'bcr[Ats.arpaKnre,KoHTOMynpI4tII4HI,i.nl4CrpaIJ.aHI,,Lfl'rtpw rre Te crpoeJlH 3aBp.bulaHeTo My or Mnguq. fltr u cbo6uaBanr4 My, *peitoct, H 6nru o6xsaHaTr4 oT BofrHcrseHo HacTpoeHue. Karo no6e1un
B

ropr4crara MecrHocr, B KoflTo re orcrbrrnrn. Toraea Kpac us6un MHoro or rflx Ha caMoro Mflcro, a MHo3HHa r{ rrpu 6arcrno, 3arrloro 6acrapuure 6uln rrsnpenflTcrBaHr,r or KoJrlrre, Kor,rro 6utu c rtx, a ocBeH ToBa MHOrO 3arUHaJrH B X(eJraHr,rero cr,r Aa cnacsr xeHp{Te }l Irerlara cn. Cau Kpac co6crBeHoplqHo y6nr qapq ur',r .[enAou. Toil rltflr Aa rocBeru Ha fOnurep @eperpnfr opbxr,rero My raro 6laropo4ua rrJrrqKa, axo 6u 6ur cauocroqrereH BoeHaqa.rrHr,rx. Tosa craHaJlo TaKa, a or ocraHaJrure 6acrapHu e\Hu ug6stanu B eaHa cBeuleHa ropa, a rau 6nrn H3ropeHu 3aeaHo c Heq, apyrr4 ce BbpHaJrrl B eaHa Kpenocr u 6nnu 3aJroBeH[ TaM, Tperr ce xBbpJIHJIt4 v garvHarl,r Br,B Bo.qlire Ha Wcrtp, qerB'bpru 6unu uz6urH, Ka KTo ce 6nl n nprcu a rv w3 crpa Hara. Ho Hqxou orreJreru n 3aern eaHo yKpeneHo Mrcro H Hanpa3Ho Kpac rn

Cpa)KeHHe rpaxuficxure nJreMeHa MSAH r,r ceplr4 14 oTpq3an pbueTe Ha nJreHeHHTe, cMofHaJr, aKo 14 TpyAHo, Bce 11aK aa ru o6ys,u,ae. onyctournl 14 3eMflTa Ha OCTaHan wTe TpaKV OCBeH Ha OApHCl,lTe. Tqx nO[laAHJI, [oHe)Ke ca noquTaTeJrn Ha Auounc, a B ToBa BpeMe ro nocpeualn 6es q opb)Kne. flo4apnr nM r4 3eMrrTa, B KO'TO trecTByBaT 6ora, raro oTHeI

or 6eclire,

,u,oraro B'bpllren roBa, noBI'tKaJI ro Ponec, KofiTo 6Hr ele npaxle6un orHorueHnr clc ,tl,annr, uapr Ha eIIHa tlacr or rerHTe' Tofi uy ce IIpHTeKbn Ha noMolu H orxBl'pJlun Ha3aA KoHHullara Ha HenpntreJlnre Ka,M neXOTHnTe BOfiCKH. KarO 3a[naUI,tJI TaKa I4 TfX' He BOASJI noBeqe CpaxeHHe, HO H3BbpIxHJI TOJISMO KIIaHe naA 6qraqaTa nex6Ta H KOHHHUa. ineu to"a 3arpaA[Jr u o6caAnl .[anur, xoiiro 6nn wz6nran B eAHo yKpeneHo Mflcro. flpes rpevre sa o6caAa'ra Haxoft ro no3ApaBI'IJI or
cTeHaTa Ha eJII,lHCKll, BJlfl3t'JI Bpa3roBopc Hero H yroBopl',IJl npeAaBaHeTo Ha KpenocTra. flpenaaeHH ilo Tof HatrL{H, BapBapr{Te ce cflycHanl,I eaHH

KoI,ITo

BJIaAeeJIu.

cpeuy trpyr
94

14

cav.[,annr, IIIK

I'l MHo3LIHa

apyrl4, 3arnHanil' A Herosnqr

95

caMo qe He flocrpaAaJr HnKaK, Ho u 6ru1 rrycHar Ha cBo6oaa or Kpac. CnearoBa BoroBaJr cpeuy neuepara, KoflTo ce Hapr,rqa Kraprac. Tq e raxa seo6nruogeHo roJrrMa r{ TaKa Ao6pe 3aulnTeHa, qe clopeA cKa3aHHeTo Tr{TaHHTe cJreII [opa)KeHHeTo, KoeTo npetbpnen14 or 6onosere,n36flTarv e Her. Tyr FonrrM 6poft or MecrHHTe

6par, xororo

3aJroBuJrr,r x(r,rB, He

ANTON., 63,7. \wxoMec, uaptr Ha rerlaTe' o6euan Aa loilAe noMorlr Ha Asrouufi c roJIflMa eoficxa. AI4OH KACI,/rVI KOKUEIZAH (onwucnnt no I4TM, c.375 c't.)

Ha

)KHTerH aoHecJr14 Bcr,rqKo cBoe ueHHo ra npn6pann ueJrHTecr{ craaa. Kpac u3rnpnr A3a3v'.an Bcr,rqKHTe ri H3sr4'rr,r 14 M'r,rrHo HaMnpaeMH BxoAoBe 14 TaKa qpe3 rnaA [oarrr4Hurrvrrflx. CreAroq ycnexrofr ceo6bpHan r,r cpeuy [pyrl,rre reru, aKo H aa He croqrn B HHKaKBa Bpb3Ka c.{,anur, H AorlrbJr npn clrnHara Kperrocr feHyxra BbB BJraJIeHvflTa Ha 3upaxc, floHexe 9!Jr, qg TaM c-e HaMHpaT 3HaMeHaTa, KOT4TO 6aCrapXUre OTHeTH Or l-aft AHronnfr ,rpf .pun Vl"rp^ . HanaAnar q no cyula, a c'brueBpeMeHHo H orKa,M peKara l4crrp, rtfr raro rs 6uta r43rpaAeHa Ha caM.I/lr r)r 6pnr, n fl npeB3en Hancr|/.Ha He cneA npoAr,Jrxr,rrelua o6caAa, Ho c MHoro rpyA, aKo H caMusr 3upaxc na He 6nr rau. Toil r.rMeHHo, rrroM y3HaJr 3a noxoAa Ha Kpac, oTHITJT,JI c [apH npr,r CKHTHTe, 3a Aa cKr]oqu cblo3, I{ He ycntJl ,[a ce BbpHe HaBpeMe.

aIIIUftCKH nJleMeHa, B,[I4;HaJII{ Op1 X}re' HO 6n,ru ltCr6eAeHrI l.{ notrqt4HeHI,t OT tlyfltnfiCnnui't, a u IIaHOHUI4Te3ae,I1Htr c Hopr4unre ollycrot11l4nu Wcrpun, Ho u re' r1pl'lrgcHarl't or Cn'rufr u

LM0,

l-3. IIo oHoBa BpeMe (16 r. np.H.e.) crauann MHoro BbrIHeHHTe n BeHI{HTe,

Unl. KavtyU

noAHatlaJlHHuHTeMy'oTHoBocenoItqHHHJll4vcTaH^JlI{npUtII4Hatra
r.{3llaAHaT B Ct,tttOTO IIOBI,IHOBeHHe H HOpHUHTe.

Toea u:rrpu:nl roft y rernTe, a MH3HTe, Kor4To 6nlu no-paHo v cera BbcTaHaJrn, oTHoBo ycMnpnn qpe3 apyrH, a cpeqy apraKurre, n'bK H cpeuy HqKon ilpyru, KoHTo nso6uo He 6urn noKoprrBaHn oT HeFo, rrbK H He xeJraerI,l Aa My ce nollqfiHfT H ce ropAeeJrH Hafr-rrasoro c roBa, a H BHyuaBaJrH Bcper [pyruTe rHrB r,t pa3MnpHocr Kpac cau ce ornpaBr,ur Ha noxoA H rH noAqnHr.rJr orr{acrn cbc cuJra, Karo IIoKa3anH He MaJrKa xpa6pocr, orqacrn H cbc 3a[Jraxara \a 6r4ar aseru
noKopeHn
B nJleH.-

Btlsexulra a ,[l,alua\t4fl u lA6epwn rpafl;lu Kbco BpeMe' MaxeAoHns, 6una pa3opeHa or aeHTeJreTnTe H oT cKo.rlpt4cKl,tTe. B Tpaxran oue flo-paHo Mapr JIolnfi, ngpranafrxn ua PeueralK, KOfiTO 6nl .lnqO H HaCTOfrHHK Ha CI4HOBeTe Ha Kornc, noKopHJI 6edare; cneA ToBa nopaAu cblrlara npuuuua fafr Jlyur,rfi no6eAnn caBpoMarl4Te v rn lIporoHHJI orBbA Wcrrp' LM4, 5-7. B ct ruoro BpeMe (11 r. rrp'u.e') tpaxraeulr or nneMero 6ecu Bolorec, x(peu Ha .[,nouuc, xoiiro ce rIoqI4Ta y rtx' qpe3 unCrrO6pOfi HI.r npeACKa3AHVfl , CneqeJI UJI Ha CBOI CTpaHa HeKOJIUI4Ha' BbcraHaJI 3aeAHO C TflX, no6eaut vt y6nn Pacxnnop, cI4Ha Ha Ko,rt'tc, t't
CJreA TOBa 6eS 6Ofr, CaMO CbC CJlaBaTa CH Ha ilpOpOK OTHeJI BOfiCKaTa Ha

--

B crapo BpeMe Mr43HTe H reruTe o6urasaru rurJrara crpaHa Mex,qy Xevryc u l{ct't p, H c BpeMe HffKotr or rrx rrpoMeHr,rJlr,t r.rMero cpr. CleA ToBa nMero MHsLrq o6xsaHaro BcHqKn sevn Haq.[arMauuq, MareAoHnq uTpaxut, KoHTo orAenq or flaHonnq pexa Cara, npHToK na llcmp. B Tnfl l!'ect a HM a H MHOrO Apyn4 rureMeHa, )KHBefl T cbtrlo H Ta Ka H ApUqaHIdTe HtKora rpu6ann v \app.aHure, Kor,rro u ceta Hocrr roBa uMe.

lta uz6nra. flpecneruaftKn ro' Toft HaxJryn n Xepcorec H cTpalxHo oilycTot[r,tJr cTpaHaTa. lA rara nopaail TOBa, rr.bK r{ nopaAn 6e3qHHCrsaTA AA CnaternTe B MareAOHHq, 6ul6 B'b3Jlo)KeHo ua Jlyuufr fln3ou, xofrro ynpaBJrqBar flauQnlun, Aa ce oTrrpaBr4 cpeuy rqx. Becnre, [toM y3HarH qe rofi nABa, 3aBbpHaJIkI Ce B
rrarto My

Peueralx n

rO IIpI4HyJIHJI

[pelteJrnTe cn. fIngoH cTHrHaJr B 3eMflTa LrM, 6un no6eAeH Haft-uanpeA oT Tfx, HO ycrlqn il caM Aa I{M HaHece nopaxeHHe I.{ onycToIuI4JI KaKTO
TrrxHaTa CTpaHa, TaKa n 3eMsTa Ha CbCeAnTe I,IM, KOIITO 6Hy1H etCraHaIIa 3aeAHO C rflX. TOraea llolqnHr4n BcHrrKr4, KaTO eIIHH npHBnsKbn Ha cBoq crpaHa uo6poBoJrHo, apyrr4 cbc cTpax, u [poTHB BoJrflTa r{M, a TpeTu KaTo TsX B OTKpI4TO CpaXeHHe. CIeA tOsa OTHOBO IIOAqI{HI4I HqKOH or rflx, Kol,rro ce on HTaru Aa npoMeHtr cb3aareHHs pel. Flopalu rAfl My qecr H vry 6ulra 3acJryrr4 6un ypeuen 6narolapcrBeH npa3HHK B HeFOBa or.uatreHu no6eAHI.t ttoqecrlt.
Bnfl3'bJr
C

IJIVTAPX (omrccrnt

no tr4TM, c. 289

ct.)
HeMy

ANTON., 61, 2. 3aeaHo c Asrosrfi ce cpax(aBann Karo

Apxerafi, uaprr
- xa

[oABnacrHlr rlape EoKc nurueqrr, TapKoHAeM, uapflT Ha I'oplra Kmnxun,

Ha

Kanalornq,

@r.r.naaenQ - ua

flaQrarosus, MurpnAar

KonaareHe n CaAan - Uaptr ua Tpaxnr. Te ce s,sunurnr{Ho npu HeFo.

96

97

34. I-IPOI43XOAA

I4OPAAHEC rOTCKr4 (tV s.) I4!^EgHtAflTA HA rOTr4TE

(omrcncume no I4TM, c. 427)

oue

XEMHMOHTI4TE H ACTHTE. fIOPAAT T'XHATA HEYKPOTI,TMOCT PHMJIflHHTC

ROM., 219-222. !a ce narrye n Tpaxur AaJra roBoa MaKeloHcKara sofiHa. Tpaxnre ca crparxH, xopa; Te ca safi_xecroKH or BcfiqKr4 nJreMeHa. TqxHara x(ecroKocr c[oAeJrrr Har]bnHo n cKopnrrcKnre,
n

6oqr Aa He 6r Aerycr, xofiro 6un 3a pa3Aflnara Ha rlapcrBoro, Aa My orMbcrr,r, aKo He ce noKoprBa. Ho uopr y3Han 3a npoMflHara Ha HMrreparopa, rtoqHar Aa npaua pa:6ofruuvecKr4 qerrr, Aa pa3pyuaBa Kpefiocrvre v raKa Aa
Hepeur,rreJrHo, rroHe)Ke ce
Br,rHoBHr.rK

c'b3IaBa rtpHrrHHH ga sofrHa.

65. HHUIo xe 6esnoxoero Tn6epnft ToJrKoBa, KoJrKoro rona, ga He 6n ga ce pas6rpKa ca,3AaAeHoro Berre noJroxesne. Toft r{3rrparun eAr,rH ueHTypr4oH Aa r,r3Becrr,r Ha uapere Aa He ce pa3[paBrr c opb)ril{e. Ko'ruc BeAHara pa3nycHaJr cr6pannre rofrcxn, a Pecxynopec, fipecrpyBartxuce cMlrpeH, noMoJrnn Koruc .qa ce cpeqHar Ha onpeAereHo Mflcro, Karo Ka3ar, qe Morar .[a pa3perxar cflopoBere cv B pa3roBop. He ce so.[erLI AbJrrr{ [perrt,tpH]r 3a BpeMero r,r Mqcroro, saft-cerse H 3a ycJloBuflTa, noHe)Ke eIuHr,rflT or rrpuMr,rpHMocr, llpyfnflr or JIyKa BcrBo cI,I orcrbrlBaJl LI B3aHMHo H rrpneMaJrn BcurrKlr ycJroBlrfl. 3a Aa ocgetr4, KaKTo Ka3BaJI, cbro3a, Pecrynopec ycrpor,rJr rrup vt eecer6ara npoAbJl)KLIJIa Ao KbcHa Hor.u B rrAeHe v\ueqe. Orua.laro Koruc Hnruo He [oao3r,rpaJl, a Koraro pa:6pan nafr-nocle r43MaMara, aKo H Aa rIpI43oBaBaJI cBerocrra Ha uapcKoro q4 AocrofrHcrso, o6urHTe cerraeftsn 6oroBe H rocronpl4eMcrBoro Ha rpaile3ara, 6lnr xBbpJreH B oKoBH or Pecrynopec. Kato 3aBJIaMJI TaKa uqra Tpaxua, Toft rrucar uaTu6epurr, rre My 6Hra rorseHa3acal.a, Ho H3rrpeBapr,ur 3irocropHuKa. Crueepevenno sseMafrKl,I 3a [peAJIor eofiHara c 6acrapunre v :KlaTlaTa ce orpaAHJI c HoBH [exorHl,t ]I KoHHI,I sofrcxu. Enro uy orroBopeHo MeKo, qe aKo y Hero HrMaJIo H3MaMa, MoxeJr Aa ce AoBepr{ Ha HeBrlHHocrra cH: Ho Huro caM Tn6epufi, nuto ceHarbr ule ce flporr3Hecar rrpaB nr,r e vrltu BHHoBeH, npeA]r Aa ce pa3rneAa .[enoro; 3aroBa HeKa npeAaAe Korr,rc, nera AofrAe I,r croBapu

rperbpflenr MHoroTe)KKuZarydu

cpa)KeHuq. Hafi-nocre, cJreA Karo

noficrara nw6vtnapa:6r,rra

rlpeBbpHaJl 3eI\'rHTe nM B npoBt{Hurlfl, Te BT,3rrpHenH pHMcKoro Hro. lpys rl&pa3r4r B caMr.rre HM nJraHr4 uu, a Mnuyullfr npu peKara Yu!* Xe6rp us6un MHo3[Ha or rrx ]r rn no6ernr. poaoncxr,rre nneLaeua 6nln HaaBvtru or Annfr KnanAr,rft. O6ave MaprJlyxyn rrpbB BoroBar aTpaxnr npor,B 6ecwre, KoHTo 6nrn nrpen no xpa6pocr vr craBa,, ., no6eA"n,
A KATO HAABNN XEMHMOHTHTC, IOCTABHN NOA PI,TMCKA BJIACT IIYITTYAEEA,

Mapr Auruil

i,

MHorO

no,uurrrr,

r.e' AnorosHa, fararo, flapte'ononnc, Toun wlAcrpoc, H cJrea roBa noKopr4Jr BcnrtKure Mecra qaK .[o .[I.ynaaa. Tara roft r43TbKHar npeA
cKLrrHTe pnMcKara xpa6pocr.

npeB3en c'buro H rpaloBere, Kor,tro ca HaKauann no l-losru fict<nn 6pnr,

xoiirocera ce Hapr4qa @rrnnono,r, u Vcryaau a,cetaAlpraaHonol. Tofr

KOpHEJIt{Vtf a\Wr (ox. 55 _ or. 120 r.) JIETOIIICU (omrctcunte no IIITM, c. 274 ctt.) II
oTKoJTKOTO

xr.rrpocr

qacr or rpaKr,rre xa 6para rury pecxynopec, a Apyra qacr Ha cHHa My Korac. flpz roa Aenex noJrerara, rpaAoBere n c.bce\HrTe Ha frpuun Mecra 6nlu orcrtrreHlr Ha Kornc, a Heo6pa6oreHHTe, AnBr{Te ulnusxnre Ao He[pHflTerHTe o6lacrn - ua pecxynopec. Konroro ce orHac, Ao HpaBHTe HM, To Koruc 6ua xportx v npnBerrur, a pecxynopec xecroK, KopacroJrlo6ns u seo6ulureles. OruaqaJro re )Kr4BeeJrr,t B npr.rBr,rAHo cbrJracne, Ho cKopo pecxynopec noqHaJr Aa rrpeM[HaBa npaHHur,rre,,{a cu np[cBorBa roBa, uo 6ulo aaIIeHo ua Kornc, H cpeqy cbrporuBara My aa ynorpe6ana Hacnrne.l-Ipr.r Aerycr rofi aefrcrsysar
98

Pecxynopec, qap, na Tparna. HaA uergq HapoA BnacrByBaJr no-paHo Peueralx: cJrer cMbprra My Arrycr [peAaJr eAHa

64....Tra6epw(a6un ro-AoBoJreH, qe ocr,rrypnn Mlrpa c MbApH MepKr,t, axO 6u 3aBbprrrHJr eAHa sofrxa c 6nrxw.3arosa yrrotpe6"n

u npornB

rexecrra Ha npecTbnJreHueTo. f.Iperoprr na Mugus,Jlasrusuit flanqysa r,r3nparllJl ToBa rncMo r Tparnr c rofrxur.1u, Ha Kor,rro Aa 6bAe rrpeAaAeH Kornc. Pecxynopec, rofrroce xole6ael Mexqy crpaxa n rHeBa, cMerHaJI :a no-no6pe Aa 6bAe
Bbpxy Hefo
66. o6enHeH
B

pr3B'bp[eHo, orKoJrKoro

3a[oqHaro npecrbrlJleHue: 3aroBa

3anoBflAaJr ga y6wr Koruc v vt3nt'btail,.le ce 6nn cauoy6nn. Brnperu rora (esap He n3MeHrlJr Ha onpeAeJreHHs, Beqe HaqnH Ha AeftcrBl,Ie, Ho

cJreAcMa'prra ua fIanqy3a, Kororo Pecxynopeco6suHqsar B He[pnq3bH xrru ce6e cu, Ha3HaquJr ga csofr HaMecrItHK e MLIsaq flounonufi @lax, crap Bor,rH, xofito 6t,tr a rqcno npnqrercrBo c uapr r,r 3aroBa 6nn noIIpHl'oAeH aa Fo I,I3MaMH.
67. @-nar npeMr{Han n Tparna H c noJreMr.r o6euaHuq cKJIoHHJI lrapt, 99

roftae

AKO H AA 6NI HEAOECPqI,IB H AA NOMHEJI OuIE NPECTINJIEHHETO CV, \A B pr,rMcKHTe yKpenneHr,rr. Orryx o6xprxex cbc cuJreH orpflA BbB

BuA Ha noqerHa crpaxa, 6na AosreqeH s Pnvr, Karo qeHTypHoHHTe u rpra6yxrare no nbrq qeftcreynala orHar{aro cbc cbBern uy6ex\euua, a
KOnKOTO nOBeqe Ce OTAaJIeqaBaJIH, OTKpHBaJII,I My nO-qCHO, qe Ce

HaMlrpa

Pacrunop, KoHTo ce cpa)KaBanncrrx. A npyrure He uM ce [pHTeKJIn Ha noMorlr, Koraro cJIeA ToBa flpn KoHcyJrure lleuulptfr Meren u Jlu\uttuir Cn.ilaH, 3eMflTa nv 6ura orycroluaBaxa. FIopauI'I ToBa re Il36qrann s yKpeneHl,r Mecra H oTTaM IIpaBeJIIA ttal|^aI:ellvtt KbAeTo Mornn'

noA crpa)(a, AorAero uafi-cerse pas6pan seo6xoAllrurocrra Ha nonoxeHuero cr{. O6sraHeH B ceHara or xeHara ua Kornc, rofr 6nl ocbAeH Ha r{3rHaHHe Aareq or uapcrBoro gr. Tpaxna 6nla pasAereHa Me)rqy HeroBr,rs clls PeuerarK, 3a Kororo ce 3HaeJro, qe 6nl npornB 6auusure cpr [JraHoBe, v \erlara Ha Kornc; a noHexe se 6nrn oule rrbJrHoJrerHu, 6uyl:ur,r rperop Tpe6enen PyQ 6ru onpeAeJreH Aa
y[paBrqBa Bper*HHo qapcrBoro r{M no cbulufl, HaqHH, KaKTo Haurr,rre [paAeAr,r flparrnJrr.r s Ernner M. JIennA, Karo oneKys sa flroreMeeBr{Te Aeua. PecKynopec 6uJr 3aBeAeH e ArexcaHApufl u r aM 6un y6ur, noHexe
ce orrHTaJr

|AIZ CBETOH]/'I/' TPAHKBT'III (onrcncrrn no I4TM, c.284 ct.)

TI8.,37, 9. Bpaxae6xo HacrpoeHl.rre uape nnu re3u, tIHHTo HaMepeHHt 6nln crunvreJtHla, Tu6epnfr yKporI4JI IIoBerIe qpe3 3anraluBaHe nru yKopr,r, orKonKoro ca,c ct{Jla. Hqxon or rflx roft upnrlaKbJl qpe3 JracKareJrcrea Ia o6eua:g'nfl. tt 3aAT,pxan npu ce6e cn, Ha[p[Mep

\a 6ffa

HJrH

rrbK

rr,ry

6raao npnnHcaHo ToBa rrpecTbnJreHfie.

repMaHeua MapoSoA, rpaKneua Pacrynoluc u Apxenafi Kanalornficrn, Karo npeB'bpHaJl Aopn uapcrBoro Ha rlocneAHl4fl B pl'{McKa flpoBl'tHuHfl.

AI4OH KACI VI KOKIIEIZAH (omrcrcrm no tr4TM, c.375 ct.)

LV30, l-7. VnnarueH Aa He 6H ercranaruTe AaJrMarvrHtruv [aHoHuH Aa Haxryqr y lAratur., Tu6epufi ce 3aBbpHaJr or 3eMrra Ha KeJrrrdre, H3nparnn HanpeA Mecaluu, a caM c rro-roJrflMara qacr or softcxara ro nocJreABaJr. Karo ysHar 3a rffxHoro npn6anxaeane, Earon H3Jrr3bJr cpeuy Mecalnn, aKo H Aa se 6m oule o3ApaBfr,r, HaABun ro B orKplrro cpa)KeHr{e, Ho rrocJre 6nn no6eueH or 3acaAa. Cneq roBa orr.rrubn nplr cbHMeHHr,rKa cn Baros, [peABoAr.rreJrr Ha 6perrure, H Karo rroAeJr 3aeAHo c Heno roftnara, 3aen [JraHnHara Ha uue A^nua. TaM s eAHo KparKo cpalr(eHHe 6r,rnpr no6eueHr,r or rpaKlreqa Peueranr, Kororo Ceeep H3nparuJr cpeqy rffx, AoKaro cpeqy cav,nfl, Hero ce 6uln cb[porHBrqBaJ]r,r rBbpAo. flocre, Koraro Ceaep 3aMr,rHaJr 3a Mn3uR, [oHex(e AaKHTe H capMarnre fl onycrorrraBaJrr{, aTu6epuit n Mecalnx npeKapBaJrn BpeMero cH e Cr,rcunfl, Te HanaAHaJrH 3eMrra Ha cblo3HnqHTe HM H [pHBJreKJr]r Ha cBofl crpaHa MHo3HHa or rflx. Te ue BJre3Jrr,r o6aqe B orKpHT 6oft, axo uTu6epuia 4a ce npu6ru)o,rJr Ao rflx, Ho Karo ce MecTeJrr{ Ty Ha eAHo MrcTo, Ty Ha Apyro, H3Bbprrrr,rJrH MHofo onycrorueHr,rfl, 3arrloro no3HaBaJril Ao6pe crpaHara n, Karo JreKoBbopbxeHn, JrecHo ce orrrpaBflJru, KbAero xeJraeJlr,r. A xoraro HacTbnr4Jra 3I,rMaTa, flpuquHr.rflr,r ol]le noBeqe 3JIt Hn,3aqoTo oTHoBo HaxJryJrH u e MaxeAoHr,u, Ho 6nru msnpeHu or Peueralx r,r 6par r.ay
100

KOPHEII4IZ

fnllnf

(ommcutt no ITITM, c.275 c't.)

3arAero onpaBAaJII'I Asrracrufr Berep, eAI,tH or MaKeAoHcKHTe nbpBeHun, o6uuHen e npelro6oAeficrBo, H rloBI4KaJI IIOCneAHI'lfl OTHOBO Ha CbA Sa o6[Ua Ha oco6ara, Karo qoBeK 6yeu u 3aMeceH B rIJIaHoBere na Pecxy[opec BbB BpeMero' Koraro nOCJreAHntT y6ll.n 6parOr,nfl Cu Cuu KOruC h 3aMHCJIHJI sOfrxa npOTIaB sac. floAcr \uwt flT 6ur octaeH Ha 3arotleHl'Ie, c Ao6aBxa aa 6lAe AbpxaH Ha ocrpoB, xofrro aa He e 6ruro Ao Maxenosu*'vrntt [o TpaKI'Ifl. Bnpouev, HecBI,IKHaJIara o[le c pl{McKara BJIacr Tpaxut, rato 6nla pa3AeneHa MexAy Peueralr A \eLrara Ha Kotuc, Ha Kollro ropaAu MaJroJrerHocr 6ul sacrofrsrarTpe6eleu foQ, ce 6yHrynala, o6au:aneaitKtl Tpe6eneH, nbK He [o-MaJIKo u Pevreralr, qe ocraBfl HeorMbcreHl4 o6urure, Konro rbprln Hapo[l,T. Kofrlalerure, oapl{cure u \uure, cr,rJrHr4 nJreMeHa, ce 3aJIoBHJIH 3a op'bxue noA [peABoAHTeJIcrBoro Ha pa3Hn HaqarHl,Iqn, Ho eAHaKBI,I IIO CBOflTa He3HaTHOCT; rOea 6Una npHrrr4HaTa, qe He MoruIH BCI,IqKH Aa Ce cbeAuHflT 3a cTpaurHa eoftHa. EAsu or BbcraHaJILITe pa3MItpHJIH MecrHoro HaceJleHue, a apytu rrpeMHHaJIH nJIaHlIHara Xeuyc, sa ua pas6yHTyBar I't orAaJIeqeHHTe rrneMeHa; safr-rnrsol'o ra naft-qo6pe rroErorBesIare o6caAnJrt4 Irapr v rpaaa @nruflorloJl, ocHoBaH or Onnun MaxeAoscru' Karoyrua-n 3a roBa fly6nr.rfi Belefr, xofrro roMaHAyBaJI Hafi-6rusrara eoficxa, H3IIparI'tJI cbIo3HHIuKa KoHHI'Iqa v reKa [exora nporl'lB THt'
101

III 38. ...11*ap yKopHJI c'bl.vtt re,

rpa6rT l/.n.*t TbpCflT TTOMOTTIHH BOrCKr4, a CaM n\Kara Ha flexoTara cv,3a Aa ocBo6oAu rpa4a or o6caAa. Bcu.{xo rosa 614ro H3BbprleHo e[HoBpeMeHHo c ycfiex: rpa6urelnre 6unu us6urH, Mex,qy o6caAurelure ce noqBHnH pa3npn n uaprr HanpaBr,rJr HaBpeMe r,r3Jra3, TbKMo Koraro JrerlroHbr AorrrbJr. He 6n rpa6ea.no IIa ce roBopr{ sa 6oeH crpoft Hrv ga cpax(eHue, rAero rroJryBbopbx(eHr{ Henpr,rflrenu 6unn uz6usar'la 6es xeprru or Harxa
KOT4TO Ce CKr{TaJrH,

ga AA

BbOp'bxeHH

HeBbOpa')KeHr4 3aIUI'ITHHIIId: Cr>IUeBpeMeHHO I't3IIpaTI'tJl

ToR noBeJr

or6op crpenuu cpeury Ha it-6yrtuure, Kol4To cKaqar H npeA yKpe[JIeHrero c necHg H B TaKT no o6a.laq Ha cBoq HapoA. Aonero crpeJluure
Aefr

crByBan

I,r

orAaJIe q, 6eeH

xa:a Ho

pa Hfl BaJI H MHo3I'IHa

HenpHtren

I'r;

cTpaHa.

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pr,iMJrflHure ulyMa Ha

crla3Bar H 3aHarrpeA, aKo He rH HaroBapBar c HoBo 6per"re; aKo Jrr{ trcKar Aa HM Harparrr po6crBo Karo Ha no6eAeHr,r, To y rffx r{Ma opbxne, MJraIex(H l,r peul{TeJrHocT Aa 3arunTrT cno6oAara cu vru IIa yrv{paT. CruegpeN,reHHo re yKa3BanH Ha cBor,rre Kpenocrr.r, cbrpaAeHu Bbpxy cKaJrure, ra Ha npu6paHnTe raM cBoH poAr.rrenr{ n xeHu u 3a[narrrBaJru c rpyAHa, Te)KKa n KpbBorrpoJrurHa sofiHa. 47. Ca6nn, AoKaro cn cr6epe BoficKara, uM AaBaJr 6rarocxrossl.r orroBopu. Ho xoraro ilpprcrurHaJr flor',rnognft Jla6eos c eAr,rH JrerHoH or Musvfl, u \ap Peueralx c rroMoulHn BofrcKr,r or cbHapoAnvtrlnre cv, KoHTo ocraHaJIH BepHH, Tofr rH rrprrcbeAr.rHr,rJr KbM Harnr{Hara cu
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ron KoB a no- roJt fl Mo o)Kecro qeH I,re, KoJI Koro noBetle rr4 068nHflBan14 Karo 6erbJlut4 14 [peAareJlH, KoI4To ca BAHTHaJIa opr,)KHe ga nopo6nr ce6e cu 14 oreqecrBoro cI4. 49-50. Ha lpyrr.rn nen Ca6ns H3Kapar eofrcrara cH Ha paBHo Mtcro, 3a aa Bvrlil IaJIH BapBapHTe, o.lla'p3ocreHlr or cHoIr{HHfl cH ycfiex, ue ce ocMenrr Aa ce cpa)Kasar. Ho fioHexe re He I43II{3aJIH OT Kpenocrra H cr,ceIIHHTe ir xrlrrrroee, rofr noqnar Aa I'u o6caxcAa qpe3 peAyrl4, Kolltro Berte cTpofln Ha no,rtxoaflruu MecTa; cneA ToBa rH cBbp3aJI c oronn n rlii o6xsaHar eaHo rrpocrpaHcrBo or tterl4pH MI4nI,I B oKpb)KHocr: flocJle nocrerreHHocrecHflBar o6caAsata rvrnr 14 ont4cBaJl Bce no-TeceH Kpbr, 3a [a orpe)Ke Ha Henpr,rflTent Boaara H xpaHara 3a.qo6urbKa; H3AHTHaJI cbruo HacH[, or KofiTo Aa xBbprqr KaM'bHrI; KOIIHfl H 3a[aJlKI4 Bbpxy r nx, 6unvl uz6ur
wc

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t02

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(ontrctcnnt no tr4TM, c. 377 ct.)

nH, qe

6. Karo npeKaparr r3BecTHo BpeMe n pau, TpaaH nore'rr,tJr Ha floxoll cpeqy AaKHTe, noHe)Ke nperleHflBaJr ao6pe *u*"o ca H3B.bp_ *4IlH' HenoAyBaJI 3apaU4 [ap,Te, KoI,To B3eMaJrH yBerHt{aBar.HJIara cH, tbK u no3HaBaJI HaMepeHuflTa HM. Koraro

LXn''

exeroAHo,

B,I)I(AaJI

c Hayqpln

nere6an

6erurerl r.r Aa He cH cJryx'n HHT. c eA?rH sofiHrar or noABJracrHHTe Ha p[MJrrHr{Te 3eMH, mfr raro .[exe6al Ha6npal qpe3 yBeuraHua noBeqero nr.ait-no6pure cH sofrHnrlu orraM. Wznparnn, .rpar"""q,
108

opbxc{ero cu, 6ofinuie *a-^r ^ 6eruqnre, Aa pa3pyrrJn yKpenreHnsrau Aa Ha[ycHe 3aB3erara 3eMr; ocBeH roaa rpx6raJro Aa ,nra sa"A"o c pHMrqHfiTe eaHHVt CbllIH 3a HenpnflTerv nJ|Hnp:'ilnreilv, \aHe npHeMa
TexHHTe crpoHTeJrr{, Aa BbpHe

cr't, Tofr ce cbrnacr4n Aa [peAaAe

CH OTAbXHE OTTE]KKOTO NOJIOX(EHHC, B KOETO 6r,r.Ir.

3anoBflABaJro, He qe HMaJr HaMepeHHe Aa ycTor,r Ha AyVrara cH, HO 3a Aa AXO H TIPOTHB BOJIflTA

cpeuy pHMJrflHHre H HMreparop TpaaH. LXVIII 8' Ero :auro,[ere6in ce ctparyBaJr ocHoBareJrHo or Hero. Koraro Tpaxn 6un na noxoa cpeuy aaKHTe u ua6nnxasal Tarre, rAero ce 6unu pa3[oJroxn rw Ha craH BapBap[Te, ,uoHec Jn4 My eaHa roJrrrMa *6a, Ha Korro 6uro HanncaHo c JrarnHcKo nrrcMo, qe KaKTO [pyr,Te c1,IO3Hr4 UH, TaKa u 6yprare cT,BerBaT Tpaan Ila ce B.bpH e Ha3AA U Da )Kr{Bee B Map c rax. Tpalu Bnr3bn B cpaxeHr,re , BAAflJr MHoro oT cBoHTe eofrHuur,{ paHeHH, Ho n:6nl H MHoro or Henpvnrenure. LXVIII9. Aere6al 6ul u3rparlrrr u nwrLvropaxeHnero npaTeHLrrIH, He Beqe KaKTo no-paHo KoMerH, Ho H HarZ_er4AHtrre or nnnoeopare. Te 3axBbpnnJrr opr,xaero cu t4 ,a\HaJrlt Ha 3eMrra npea Tpaax u ro MoneJ, Hacrofrqnsoaa no3BoJrH uacawnn !.ere6al ,ua pur"o"op c HeFo, r'rfr xaro rofi ru.sl lla HanpaBH BcHqKo, Koero "n"r" " My ce 3anoBflAa, a aKo He ce cbrJracn, aa r,r3[parn HrKor.o oT cBr,rrara cn. Enl H3[pareH Cypa u npeQermr Knasauil JIrsHan. Hor'ro se 6nlo nocrr.rrHaro, 3ar.rloro lere6an He ce ocMe ilnr ila ce cperuHe c Trx, a r,r roraBa H3rIparuJI or cBor crpaHa Apynrro. Tpaxn 3aB3eJr yKpeneHr,r cbc creHu BncorrHHH n 3HaMero, Koero AaKHTe orHeJru or sofrCrara na Oycx. LXVil 9, 4-7. W r:ofi, ropaAu ToBa, r oco6eno nopaAu io"u, MaxcuucrqeBpeMeHHo B3eJr B rrneH cecrpa My H trpemeJr "" eAHo yKpe[eHo Mtcro' lexe6an 6Hr roros Aa BTfnpneMe BcHr{Ko, KaKBoro My ce

no-paHo no6eAu,r He pnMJrsHr4re, a .[ouurrt4a*, a cera rurrJr Aa BoIoBa

3a fioxoAa My, ynJrarxr4Jr ce,

floHexe Ao6pe:naer, qe

ceHara, ga Aa 6rAe rrorB'bpAeH Mupbr H or Hero. Karo yronophn r()Ba H ocraBnJr FapHr,r3oHlr KaKTo n 3epvru:erery3a, TaKa r,r B ocraHaJrr4Te rracrH Ha crpaHara, Tpaan ce 3aBbpHaJr s Wrarutr. LXUII 10, l-2. Koraro u3rpareHure or.[l,exe6aJr npareHnuu 6nnu B'bBeaeHu B ceHaTa, Te cno)Kr{nu op.b)KneTo cr4, npoTerHaJlH pbrle KaTo [reHHr4ur4, Ka3aJIh HrKoH Hetua H norrHaJlu ,I1a Monqr uulocr. Taxa cKJrtorrHJrr.t v.up t4 fioryqr4r14 op'1,)Knero cr,r. A TpalH ycrpor4J] npa3HeHcrBa B qecr Ha no6eaara, troJrytlqn npo3Br4uero .Ll,aruftcrn n ypeAHJr B Tearbpa rJraauaropcru 6op6u, KoHTo My AocraBr4Jrr,r ylloBoJtcrByre, a cbruo H Ta.HuoBr4 3penHua. LXVIU 10,3-4. Ha Tpaan cro6ruHrr,r, ve.[ere6al Bbptrren MHoro Heura fiporuB AoroBopa H rrpurorBrJr opb)Kne, rrpr4eMan 6ertlunre, nonpaBqr yKpenJreHHqTa, rpa[Ian IIpaTeHHu14 npH Cbge[.vre cn v pytaen oHHr, KOHTO He MHCJIeJIh nO-paHO KaTO HerO, a CbLIlO OTHen Ha g3LtfnTe qacr or 3eMrra nv (raa qacr [o-cerue TpanH He r{M B.bpHan, Koraro t noncrcanu). flopaAn roBa ceHarbr orHoBo ro o6qefir 3a Heflpnqrer H Tpanu orHoBo caM, a He qpes Apynr BoeHartaJrHl,tun, rrpeArrpt4eJr floxoa

cpeuly Hero.

LXVIII ll-12. Ttfr raro MHo3uHa [aKH Mr{HaJru Ha crpaHara Ha TpanH, .[exe6ar nopaan ToBa H nopaAn HsKor,r apyrn rrpurrltHn MoJrHJr orHoBo 3a MHp. Ho nouexe He r,rcKaJl Aa flpeaaAe op.b)Knero cu u ce6e cH, cr6par qBHo BcHrrKure cu cultt u npr,r3oBaJr ocBeH ToBa r,t c.bceanre cra. Tofr HM Ka3aJl, qe aKo Fo r43ocraBrr, cavtr rue ce u3Jlox(ar Ha onacHocr r,r, ve no-6e:onacHo H no-necHo rrte orIa3qr ceo6oAara cH, aKo ce 6opar 3aeAHo c Heno, [peAH Aa e nperbprrflJr HflKaKBa HecnonyKa,
OTKOJIKOTO AA FO OCTABflT AA 3ATHHE, V CTEE\ TOBA I,I TE

nuxaxrs

"

u, 6t\ar no6eAes n. flexe6an rbpnrn HecnoJryKa B orKpHTa 6op6a, Ho c xnTpocr H H3MaMa HacManKo urr,'r Aa y6ne n caunfl, Tpanu, Karo r43nparuJl B Muzus HqKoJrKo 6eruun, 3a Aa ro y6vtnr, aKo Morar HsKaK cH ToBa Aa croprr. Bnpoueu u vHaqe Aocrbnbr Ao Hero 6vtn tex, a roraBa nopaAr{ Hy)KAHTe Ha sofiHara roil npneuaJr rrpocro BceKH, xofito xeJraeJr Aa pa3roBapfl c Hero. Ho re He MorJrH Aa u3nbJrHrr HaMepeHr4ero cH, noHexe eAlrH or rsx, Karo 6nl :anoAo3prH, 3aJroBeH H noAJroxeH Ha r,r3Te3aHr,re, [pn3HaJr rleJrHfl 3aroBop. Karo nosurar Hsxofi cn JIonrnu, HaqarHHK B puMcKara eofrcxa, xoftro 6nl [porBHJr srs goftxnre cBoHTe cnoco6socru, u,ro y6e!'vtJr Ila ce cpeuHe c HeFo, rroHexe rrutn lla H3trbJrHr,r ToBa, Koero My ce 3a[oBqABaro, lere6an ro yJroBr4n H ro pa3nr4TaJr

CAMITE, TNL]JEHH

or

cbro3Hr4rl

109

rry6rnrrHo 3a HaMepeH:lrflTa Ha Tpaau. I-Iosexe Jlosrns He ,KenaeJr Aa rrpr,r3Hae Hr.rulo, .[exe6an ro pa3Be)qan nol crpa)Ka, Ho 6es Aa 6bAe oKoBaH. Mexuy roBa H3[parr{Jr fipn Tpaau flpareHr,tK H nor{cKaJr Aa My Br,3BbpHe 3elr.sraILoVlcrbpvLa nonyqx ilapnTe, KoHTo 6nn H3pa3xo[BaJr :a eoftHara, 3a Aa My BbpHe Jlonrun. Tpaan orroBopr{n cbBceM HeonpeAeJreHo, orKbAero He MoxeJr lla 3aKJrIoqA, Aaru rofr ntpxn MHoro r,rJrn MaJrKo la xe 6rAe y6ur JIoHruH, vrJrvt,qa 6rne 3ana3eH H HenpeMeHHo Ba,pHar. O6vrncrqfrrn KaKBo no-HararbK aa Ha[paBn, flere6an ro 3aA'bp)Kar, a JIoHTHH B ToBa BpeMe cn AocraBr.tJr orpoBa qpe3 eaHH clcso6olen po6 n o6eual ua.[exe6an, qe ue ro rroMrrpt4 c Tpanu, 3a ,(a He noAo3rpa un saii-valKo roBa, Koero rurn Aa Ha[paBu, u Aa He yct4;-rv crpa)Kara oKono seno. Tofr Ha[r4can rrr4cMo, B Koero MoreJr 3a 3aurnTa a ro aaJr Ha ocso6oaeuur po6, aa no 3aHece Ha TpaaH, sa ua 6tAe e 6esonacHocr. Cre,q HenoBoro 3aMHHaBaHe rofr n:nnl eAHa Hour oipoaara v yvrpfl.It. Crel raq cJryqKa .[exe6an noncKan or Tpaax ga uy BbpHe ocso6oteHr,ra po6, xaro o6eqaJr ra My AaAe rrrJroro na Jlonrun pr Aecer rrJreHHr4Ka, t4 BeAHara H3[paruJr ueHTypr4oHa, KoftTo 6nn yloreu c JIoHrnH, 3a ,[a ypeAr4 Tlafl Heura. Or Hero y3Hann BcLrqKo, Koero craHaJro c JIournH. Ho TpaxH He r,r3flparr{Jr Ha3aA HHTo Heno, HHTo rrbK npe[aJr oceo6oAennr po6, raro cqeJr, qe e no-noqreHo 3a Aocrofrncrsoro Ha BJracrra 3arra3BaHero My, orKoJrKoro norpe6esnero na Jlonrun. LXVIII 13. Tpaxn nocrpouJt KaMeHeH Mocr HaA lAcrtp, 3apa1u rofrro He 3Har rax 6ux uoruJr aocrof Ho Aa My ce yaHBrqBaM. Haucrnua, lpyrnre uy nocrpoftKr,r ca npeBb3xoAHu, Ho raq cror,t [o-BHcoKo or

Bcr{qKn. OcHosHNre

cru6ore, Ha 6poft

qETHPHCTbIIHH KAMbH}I, AOCTHTAT HA BHCOqI,{HA CTO H IIETAECET CTbNKH 6e: ocxosnTe H rrrnpoqr,rHa - rxecrAecer crbnKu. Te orcroqr eAHH or Apyr Ha cro H celeMAecer cTbnKn A ca cBbp3aHH cbc cBoAoBe. Kax He 6uxve ce yqyl.t4ru Ha HarrHHa, no rofrro e craHaJro H3rpaxAaHero Ha orAeJrHHTe qacrH B eAHa [bJrHoBoAHa peKa c rurnoro6poftHr,t Bbproflr,r H TIIHeCTO AbHO, OCO6eHO KOrarO TpanH He e MorbJr r,t Aa orKJroHn

ABaAecer, KoHTo

ca or

e 3arpyAHn:ro nocrpofrKara Ha uocr. I-euuaJIHocrra ua Tpalnoenre 3aMI4CnH npoJlntlaBa H oT cJleaHoro: Hal,tcTHHa MocrbT He HH noJI3yBa cera HHKaK, Ho Bce rraK crotrocHoBHHTe uy crtl6one, aKo I'r [pe3 Ttx Aa He MO)r(e .[a ce MHHe peKara, Karo r{e rv ca c.b3lI:dAeHH, CaMO 3a Aa HI',I [oKaxaT, qe HqMa Hnluo, KoeTo qoBel.rlKaTa npl4poAa He Moxe lla He npeolonee. Ctparyeaiiru ce \a se 6n )s,tBytuilTe orrarbK peKara pHMnrrHH aa 6r'[ar cnolerenn or sofrHa, Koraro peKara He e 3aMpb3Hana, rofr HalrpaauJl Mocra, 3a aa Mo)Ke JlecHo npe3 Helo [a npoBe)Kqa noxoar4Te cn. Hanporun, XaApuaH, KofrTo ce crpaxyBal Aa se 6u aapeapr,rre tra HacunflT oxpaHara Ha Mocra 14 Aa npeMl4Har recHo B Mn3vn, uaxhal ropHara My .tacr. LXUII 14. Karo IIpeMHHaJI Wcrap no roq Mocr H BoAen softxa floBeqe c rrpetrfla3nflBocr, orKoJtKoro c 6tp:una, Tpaxu c BpeMe u c ycnneH rpyr HauBnn aaKhre. flpu rclea roli cav ce llpotBHJI MHoroKparHo Karo llo6bp BOeHa(laJlHHx u xpablp 6oeu, o cr,luo n BofrHl4unre My, KoHTo ce I43naraJII,t Ha onacHocr, npottBnnl4 MHoro nlrn xpa6pocr' Mexny apyroro 6nl I{3HeceH or cpaxeHuero LI eAHH 3JIe paHeH KoHHHK' Karo qe nu 6u MorbJI Aa 6bAe H3neKyBaH. Ho xoraro pas6pal, ve e He[3JrHqr{Mo paHeH, l,I3cKoqHJI OT [ararKara (:autoro Bce olue uMan cunw),3acraHaJr e 6ofrHr,rq pea r,r yrul}nn Karo npoqBnn qyaHa xpa6pocr. A !exe6an, Koraro 6nla npemera H cronl,tuara My I{ utnara My 3eMfl 14 HMaJro ofiacHocr caM ,[a 6'bAe xBaHar, ce caruoy6nJl H rJIaBara uy 6nla 3aHeceHa s Pnu. Taxa .[,arnr- na!'Hana iloa pI,rMcKa Bnacr u Tpaau ocHoBan B Hefl rpatrose. Hartaepesu 6wnu H cbKpoBllulara Ha,[,exe6al, aKo H Aa 6ulu crputH IloA peKara Capre'rnr, KoflTo reqe xpafr ueroeara crorhua. qpe: HarorKo tlJleHH[uu rofr 6nl or6nl peKara, H3Konan Kopr4Toro ri, nocratur raM MHoro cpe6po L 3Jlaro H llpyln ueHHocrll'
IOHAC'T BJIATA, ilOCTABHN BbPXY TflX KAMbHI'I' HACI'INAJI ToBa r{ cneA orHoBo nycHaJI Aa reqe peKara. 9pes cluluT e oHe3[ npbcr B IEUIEPHTC APEXHTE H flPYTHTE CKbTIOIICHHOCTI,I TO}i CKbTAI I]JIEHHHUH
KOHTO MOIJI14 AA

or

TeqeHuero
cJreABa, ue

r)r? As nocoqlrx ulrpuHara Ha peKara, orraM o6aqe se Izlcrrp reqe [pe3 ToJrKoBa rrcHo npocrpaHcrso (sauoro Ha HflKoH Mecra ce pa3rulrpflBa ABoftHo r,r rpofiHo), Ho roJrKoBa e rrrnpoKo Hafi-TrcHoro n xafr-yao6uoro Mqcro 3a rrocrpoflBaHe Ha Mocr B Tafl qacr

c'brrrufl rnA.A Karo 614r cropnn toea, n36rl rH, 3a aa He H3Aa.[ar HHrrlo. Hqxofr cnBuxutt, HeFoB apyrap, xofrro 6Hr sget B IIJIeH,3HaeJI 3a

cropeHoro u ro cro6uruJl Ha pI,tMJIqHI,rre.

Ha peKara. Kolroro r,rMeHHoryKce crecHflBa reqeHr,rero, Koero Ha roBa MqcTo H3OCTaBq ronfMaTa Cn urr4porruHa, 3a \a ce pa3rrrilpH cneA ToBa oule noBeqe, ToJrKoBa ro craBa rro-cHJIHo n no-au6oxo, TaKa qe r{ ToBa

110

111

IIOJII{TtrITIECKATA KPM3A

r OT C KVTTE TIA IIIE CT B l[fl TIPE3 III B. OT H.E.

I{

XEPOAT'IAH (ox. L70 - ox. 240 r.) VICTOPIAfl, B OCEM KHVITIA CNEA CMbPTTA HA

EO)KECTBEHI fl MAPK (ommcttme no I4TM, c. 384-385)

HIST. VI.8. Bte goftcrara cJIyxHJI Hqxofi cv*avl.r'e Maxcuuun. Tofi npor,r3Jrlt3aJl OT nonyBapBapHTe, KoHTO HaceJIflBaJII{ BbrpeulHocrra Ha TparuR, r,r ro or eAHo raMolrrHo ceJlo. Karro ce pa3npaBt, orHaqaJlo B Aerr{HcrBoro cu 6nn nacrltp, a B pa3llBera Ha MJIaAexKara cll Bb3pacr,

nopaAn rpaMaAHI4t ctl ptcr u reJIecHI4Te cn cvilu 6nr eger 3a sofiHrx s KoHHlrrlara. Ho cleA ToBa uracrllero MaJIKo rIo-MaJIKo My ce [pIlTeKJIo Ha noMour u tofi tvruuaJl rlpe3 BcLIqKHTe qI4HoBe Ha BoeHHara cnyx6a, AoKaro safi-cerue r'ry 6rana [oBepeHa Anbx(Hocrra HaqaJIHHK Ha craHa

Ha noMoulHure soficxu. Tos Maxcuuun nopaAu I'r3TbKHarara My ongTHocr BbB BoeHHoro AeJIo AlexcaHqlp Ha3Harrun 3a HaqaJIHI'IK Ha Hono6paHuure, 3a Aa rra o6yuara u Aa noanorBfl or rtx roAHlI 6oftuu. A Marcnvrun ce orAaJI xafi-rpnxlnBo Ha Bb3JIo)KeHara My AJIbxHocr H cneqeJII4JI Cbpllara Ha softHl,rqHTe, Karo He caMo ru o6yvaral KaKBo rpa6ea Aa Bbpluar, Ho n 3acraBaJl HaqeJIo Ha BcI{qKI'rre uu pa6otn, ta Te My 6nln ge caMo yqeHl,Iult, Ho In peBHHTeJIH I'r fioApaxarer'n Ha xpa6pocrra rray. OceeH roea rofi rn npI'tBbp3BaJI K'bM ce6e cu n qpe3 [OAapbUu, n BCSBI3MO)KHI,I OTJI]Iqun. flOpaUr,r TOBa MnaAI4Te BOftHHIIII, MexAy Konro rroBeqero 6Ialn nasosllH, ce Bb3xl'tuaBaar'r orxpa6pocrra ua MaxcuprnH lI ce raBpenn c A'nexcanArp, 3arAero 6nn xouauAyBaH or uafixa cH LI pbKoBoAeJI Abpx(aBuure pa6orn rro yMa !I BoJItra Ha eAHa )KeHa. Te npunounflJlr4 e6vllr Ha Apyr Heycfiexure Ha H3ToK, rlopaAn HepeuureJlHocrra My, H HeroAyBaJII'I, qe He npoflBun HI'{KaKBa xpa6poct lr roAHocr sts sofrHata nporlrB repMaHIII4Te. W rr.h, npeApa3[oJIo)KeHI'I u 6es rosa xru 6yur - - - Te peuruJll{ Aa rlpeMaxuat AlexcanAbp }I Aa npoBb3HlacflT 3A HMrleparop n aBrycr cBos Apyrap no opbxHe I',r nilarxa Maxcnuux, Kororo ctl[Tarlt nopaAn onrrHocrra n xpa6pocrra My roAeH 3a Hacrorlrlara eoftHa. Karo ce cr6paln Ha noJlero' BbOpbx(eHI{ KaTO qeJII{ ga O6nrHOseH}ITe Cu ynp2lrrrreHlrl, Te XBIpII4Ill nypnypHa MaHTI,tfl Bbpxy AourJIlIt u 3acraHaJl [peA rflx Maxcnuntr, rOfirO VM He 3HaeJI TOBa, KOeTO 6nlO gaUuCJIeHO, llJII,t 6uI ga rOea npeABapI,ITeJIHO noAroTBeH, I{ ro IIpoB]3rJIaCI,ilI'{ 34 HMneparop. VIL 1. Karo noel ynpaBJleHl.Iero, MaKcuMI4H Ia3BbprulIJI roJIeMu
[poMeH]I. BnacreynafrKu c I,I3BbHpeAHo loJIrMa cypoBocr H cbc crparueH Tepop, roft ce o[IaraJI Aa rIpoMeHL HMrleparopcKl'It pexl{M or 6lar u
115

MeK B HanbJrHO THpaHCKrr [I XeCTOKOCbpAeqeH, [OHeX(e Cb3HaBaJr, qe r{Ma HacrpoeH*re npoTHB Hero, 3arAeTo KaTo tlpbB oT TaKoBa rrpocTo [oreKJro ce n3AurHan Ao raKoBa ronflMo rrlacrxe. flo nprapoua, rro HpaB,

XEPEHI ilI IEKCT'II (omrcocume no ATM, c.

386

ct')

no npor43xoA 6ur naprapnu. Cnoqetntrtxw KpbBo)KaAHocrra Ha v Ha cBoero rureMe, roi ce rpruKeJr Aa cH ocrdrypr,r BJracr qpe3 )KecroKocr, rroHexece 6oqa Aa He 6n Aa 6rAe Ha[bJrHo npetpffH or ceHaTa r,r oT rroAaHlrrluTe cr{, KaTo ro BnxAaT He B ceraulHoTo My
KaKTo
Lr

cBor{Te Aeav

scYTH.,frg.25. O6cauaTa Ha Mapuranono:r. MecrHure )KuTerII,l Ha Ka3BaT, qe rpaAbT Mapuuanonon rroJryqHJl I,lMeTO CI,I OT CeCTpaTa qe Moxe TO3I,I IpaA JIecHo rrMnepaTop Tpann. cxnrnre, KaTo cMflTaJII,I,
AacenpeB3eMecnpncTbn,Bb3Abp)Kan.nceAaroHa[aAHaTBeAHara,Ho AoKapBaJInIIpeAcreHI'TeMyKaMbHI4,KoJrKoToMorJIHnoBeqe'3aAa Morar Aa ru H3noJlsyaar o6uluo' Karo 6uar pa3[peAeJIeHH Ha KynoBe qe no To3r,r HaqHH Ule cTaHe roJI'M 6ofi r.bpry 14 rpaMaAr4. Te vuclenu,

ulacrJrr,IBo noJroxeHr,re, a B Apr{naBrre neJIeHn, B Ko}rro e 6ur nos[r Karo roKy-rqo poAeH MJraAeHerI. Bnpouerra HaBpeA ce MbJrBflJro r,r noAMrraJro, qe 6nAefixu oBqap B Tparuafrcrnre maunuu, roft ce fipoflBr,rJr qpe3 rpaMaAnvt rcrpbcr H TeJrecHnre cncnnn s o6nxHoeeHara MecrHa soficra n or rrlacrnero 6nr AoBeAeH Ha rrpecroJra Ha plrMcKHTe
r,rMnepaTopr,r.

cTeHI'TeI{qecJIecHI{HaueJluAanpeBeMaTrpaAa'noHexeHenpnflTernTe uleJrr4 Aa 6tAar 3aeTlr fioBeqe cbc 3alqplTa, oTKOJIKOTO C HanageHr,re. o6aqe )KHTeJrlrTe Ha rpala 6ulu npuroTBr JtvI OTAaBHa, oT KaKBOTO 6nlo norpe6Ho sa o6caAa. Marcnvt, xOfttO npOI43xO)KIan
6eaeu poa, 6ral npeuaaeH Bceqrno na QvuocoQuflTa, HO BTOSH CU6OeeH H Ha MOMeHT 6nr ro'ros Aa npoflBtr AeJra He caMo Ha IIbJIKOBOAeII' HO npu6araar ao6rp soldH. Tofr HacbpqaBaJl Bcl,tqKrr I't rI'! cbBerB an Aa He or6luao' uo AO KOHTpaaTaKa, KoraTo Heflpr'rflTeJrr{Te xBbpJIflT Kofluq

AEKCI4il or Arusa CBETOBHA XPOHTIKA (omrctcom no IIITM, c. 386 c,t.)

X'EPEHll4'|y'r

CIIRON., FRG. 20. Bre nperraero Ha r.rMrreparopnre Ear6nH n Marcnvr KaprrnTe BoroBarn cpeuly Mn3ure. Toraea 3anoqHara H cKr,rrcKara sofrHa. flo rosa BpeMe 6r.rna paspyureHa u l(crpun ur.u, KaKTo raeaa .[ercnn, l(crpuaHcK]rr rpaA.
FRG., 22.Crcuture, Hapr,rqaHu rorn, rrpeMn*LntuB roJrrM 6pofi pexa Wcrl'p BbB BpeMero na .[eqnft u orycrorrruJrr{ pr,rMcKara o6lacr. Te o6rpaqnnn ng6nranure s Hnxonor Mr{3H. O6aqe Aeql,tft rr,r HanaAHaJr, KaKTo pagKa3Ba .[,excnn, E, aKo n Aay6un rpr{Aecer ruJtflAvr Ayutu,6un no6eAes B cpor(eHlrero. Toft sary6nr lopra OnnnrrorroJr, roftro 6un rrpeB3er or rrx, H MHoro rpaKlr 6uru ns6urn. Koraro cKHTure ce
B cBoHTe 3eMn, cruuxr Aeunfi ru nanaAHaJr, Ho npeg HorrITa 6oro6opeusr 6nn y6r,rr np n A6pur s raKa HapeqenuflQopyr"r Tev6poHury 3aeAHo cbc cnra cu. A cxnrvrre cu 3aMItHaJIH c MHoro rrJIeHHr,{qH ll nJrrqKa. Boftcxara npoBbgrnacnna3a r.rMrreparop Haxoft cn fal, 6uaur KoHcyJrr 3aeAHo c BorycraaH, ctrHa Ha ,[eqnfi. Te uapyrann cnopeA .[ercun oceMHaAecer Meceqa 6es la n3Bbpruar serqo ra6erexr.rrenHo. Cnopel Hl'Kovt Apyr4 Te rlapyBann rpu roAHHr.r, a cropeA Tperr4 - ABe

qlIToBe 11 sactarattot nou :t6epure, Karo Abpx(ar npeg ce6e ct,t I'I Ha BCHqKO, KaKBOTO MOXS Aa rr'r 3aKpr'rJrfl Aa or6rlcxBaT I,t3CTpeJIHTe qe npI,lfoTBt4JIH ca npoTtrBHr,tKa. Koraro nbK BapBapnTe cMeTHaJlh, cTeHI,ITe A e\I{vt oT Tfx r43uflno Kpbr B o6rpaAuln KaMbHr4, AOCTaTbqHo xB'bpJIflJIlr KofiKfl, a Apyrn - KaMbHI'l cpeuy re3LI, KolITo 6Ialu no qe no HerlpeKbcHaroro ar6epure. ftcrorara Ha yAapHTe 6[ra raxasa, Ha r.tM CJIeABaHe npHJII{qana sa sart-CuJlHa rpaAyrrlxa. O6nrateJII{Te W Ce v cTeHUTe rpaAa rraseJrr4, AOKOJTKOTO 6Hro etgNroxHo, ce6e cv xoraro Ho Bb3Abpr(aJrr,r oT KoHTpaaTaKa, KaKTo llvr 6nlo 3aIIOBtAaHo.

3aBpbulaJrr,r

Bc}ltIKH BapBapHTe IIpI,IBbptxunH Ka KTo IIpHIoTBeHI,ITe Ka MbHI,t, T aKa V HaAeXAaTa sO, KOrrLrfl r,t CTpeJI H 3a JIbKOre, 6et ga nOCTnrH aT HeIqO 6lqgxa re 3anoqHaJln r,rM, qe ule [peB3eMar tpaAa 6eg oco6en rp]A, H3qe3HaJIa' u Aa ce o6egcbpqaBaT.

OT BOeHaqanHlIIIHTe CH, Te ce o oTTeruIlrJrpr, KaTo ce ycTaHoBr{nH Ha cTaH HeAaJIeq oT rpaAa. A u rpeueT I43MHHaT orolo 3ane3 cJrbHrle. cxuture, cJIeA KaTo ocTaBnJII,I Aa

Torara, noBuKaHH

6ulo

HflKoJIKO [eHa, ce

roar,tHI,t.

3aBbpHanvu,rato o6rpaauJlH B Kpbr creH]ITe' orHoBO ru o6crpelrarn. Torasa r,rMeHHO Marcuu Bb3BeCTnn Ha fpaxlaHuTe' qe MoMeHTbr e yAo6en 3a HarraAeHne. To cTaHaJIo IIo cJIeAHI4t HaqHH' EnAefixu Beqe oKypax(eHu' noHexe BapBapI'ITe 6nllr orcrtnulu

IIpeAHI{Te Anr,r, 6e3 Aa nocTnrHaT HeIUO, Te HaAaJII{ BI,IK I,I 3aloqHaJI}I Aa xBbpnrT KOnUr H KaMbHr,t, KaKBUTO ltM IIonaAaJIu. A aapeapvt. e 6unu

11,6

tl7

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HE OqAKBAJII,I, qE

AO

Apyt

14Ple

6vrn rprrxJrr,tBo 3arrlprreHu, 3arqoro

CE CNYCHE

or 6oq

sr6epvrevcrpaxara npH Bparr,rre, orKa3aJru ce H orcrbnuJru,6ez Aa nocrurHar Herrlo, floHexe He Mourn Aa r43AbpxaT ToBa noJroxeHr4e no_AbJrro BpeMe.
Bar_Ha Mr,r3r{Te, nopaan

Hacpeqa r,rM; ocBeH TOBa_6nrH MHOrO6pofiHH lr3CTpeJrHTe, xBbpJrqHu orrope, ,'."K H roJrflM 6un6ponHa*enpuflTervre.flopaau rora se 6nnlo Bb3MoxHo rpaxqaHnTe Aa He rH yJryrrar, Aoptr H Aa He HcKaJru. W rrft cKvtrvre, Karo ce HaMepHJrr4 Ha rqcHo I,r He Mourn Aa nporr,rBoAeficrBy_

IPOTI,IBHI,IKbT 6il MOTbJI AA

H.KAK OT CTEHTTE

Kure r{M 6oftsu cpeAcrBa. Te pas6r,rraJrn Marrrr,rHuTe r4 nprlcJryrara HM c noMoulTa Ha orpoMHn KaMeHHH 6noxoee, a apyrr,r t3tapflItvt c Qaxlu, crpav cMoJra. Brpxy crrl6ara re rbpKarqJrlr HaAoJry Ha[peqHH rpeAu H KaMIHI,I H or MorlrHr4fl r,rM yAap ce paa6ueal[, KaKTo rquroBere Ha rrpr4ABr,Drcar.qr{Te rr.r, TaKa v u cav,laTe crtl6u, KaKTo 6urn nocr:asqHn. Trfr xaro HeflpnqrennTe He flocrr,rraJrr.t Hl4utro c Ma[rHHr4Te, Te ce o6e:crp.1snu H Karo ce nocbBerBaJrr,r KaK rpa6ea Aa BotoBar, p9ouvru
Aa r,r3AHrHaT BHCOKT4 Hacr{rrr4 Cpeuy rpaAa, 3a Aa ce cpaxaBaT oT eaHaKBa

CE HAMHPA HA TPAHHUATA

SCYTII.,frg. 27. O6caaara sa OnlunoBn, rpaa. fpag @nrnnonon

MEXqY 3EMI{TC HA TPAKHTE I,I MAKEAOHI{TE
I,I

Xe6rp. Ka3aar, qe HeroB ocHoBareJr 6nn QrEar.rn, cr4Hbr Ha MaKeAOHCKT'rf rlap AvnHra, IIo rrHeTo WUe 6Un HaperreH rpaAbr. crurure Ha[aAHaJrr{ rogu safr-cr ap u nart-roJrflM rpaA lr ro o6caqnril. Eop6ara ce BoAeJra rro cJreAHr,rr HaqrrH. cxnrure, Karo Abpr(aJr' [rr,rroBere cH HaII nraBr,rre, 3a Aa 6rAar saqnTeH]r or xBbprqHrlTe cpeqy Tflx crpeJrH, o6nxans,nn rpal'a Hpa3y3HaBaJrn Ha Koe Mrcro 6lD<a uouu
Tf x c nocra Baue H a cTbr 6 n nopa \v HH3nHa ra nu. Ha fi -uanpeA Ha naAHaJrr4 c )GbpJrrHe H a KorIHr n crpeJrH. o 6a ve rpax4a Hr,rre orrope or6mc rsar r,r
TA PA3PYITATJIECHO CTEHTTE NOPAAfi TECHI,IHATA l/IvIVIJIVIAA Bb3JIfl3AT HA

Jrex(r{ Ha pexa

Bucoqr,rHa c [porraBHnra. Toea HarrpaBnJrr4 rro cJreAH]ts naqus. Te AoHacqrr,r rpeAu or oKoJrHr4Te nocrpoftxrla, Karo nocraBrJrlt npeg ce6e cr4 uIuToBe, xBbpJrrrJrr.r B oKorra [peA cTeHHTe fpear,rTe HanpeKr4 r.l ycnopeAHo, KaKTo ce cJryqBaro. Karo cropuJrr,r roBa, HaxBbpnrnta flptcr 14 BcrKaKbB Apyr Brrr Marepr4aJr Me)rqyABere crpaHH Ha oKona. llo rosu
Haqr,rH Te

nocrurnarH 6rp3o

Aa HapacHe

Hacurrbr. A rparrare

a6erssaru

TOBa, KOeTO Ce Bbprxeno, lr Br4xAaJrr{, qe HacHfrbT ce H3AHra cpeuly Trx. Toraea re ga6nnu KonoBe H, Karo 3aKoBaJrI,t Ha rflx AbcKu, I{3AnrHaJIn Br,pxy cTeHuTe BHcoKo yKperrneHr,re. oceeH rosa H3MncJruJrr,t H cJreAHoTo.

flpes Horqra, Koraro BcHrrKo 6ulo yrlrxxaJro, c[ycHaJru HsKbAe noA creHara c Bbxe eAHH cuel u xpa6bp Mbx, Karo MyAaJrr,r 3a pa3pyuaBaHe Ha Hacr{na 3anaJreHa Qar,ra u cbA, e xoftro r{MaJro cMoJra, crpa v ApyrH noAo6sn Herrla. Tofr xrrplnJr orbH cpeA rpeAr4Te, KoHTo rroaAbpxaJru
Hacttna, r,r Karo u3taprntvr, qeJrnrr Hacurr ce cpyrnl.CKHTHTe, noHe)Ke IlpeTbpfieirH H B ToBa oTHorxeHne Heycflex, peur,urr,r cJreAHoTo, KoeTo r,r

TIPIIABUXBAJII,I
Jrr{ HaB}rcoKo

MoIqHo HenpnrreJruTe, KbAero u \a ce Ao6raxasa"nu. flocle cKHTure rrpaBeJrlr onnTr,t Aa npeB3eMar rpaAa, Karo cH flocrpor.rnu crtn6n n MAru}IHH. EOfrgUrE I,IM MAIIII4HH 6NNU rPEgIT, CKOBAHI,T KATO qETl{PHbrbJIHnK, lt To TaKa [oApeAeH]r, qe [pnr[qaJlr,r Ha Kbrrlu.txu. Btpxy rrx o[bBaJIn Kox]i, 3a \a rv [peAna3tr or BcflKaKbB BHA l,I3crpean. C rnx HanaAaJrr{ Bparure, KaTo Abp)KaJr}r [peA ce6e cu rrlnToBere, r{ rn
C

Te He6r,rsanu HeroAHlrr Bnperares Ao6nrtx H Bcr,rr{Kr,r or 6olecru HJIH or crapocr, xBbpJrflJrn rr,r B oKona w clratarv Br,pxy rqx BcsKaKbB Marepual. A rpynoBere Ha rpeTnn AeH AaBaJrH AOCTaTbT{Ha BHCOqT{HA Ha HaCIdIIa, 3arrIOTO noA[yxBaJru. O6aqe rpaKr4Te pa3ceKJrn eAHa qacr or creHara Ha
H3BbpIxHJrH.
fIJTeHHI{qu, Ko}rro crpaAaJrrl
TOJIEMI,IHA KOJIKOTO EAHA TflCHA BPATI,IqKA N OTMbKBAJIH TIPe3 HEq BCfiKA

KOJIEJIATA I{ JIOCTOBETE. EAHU OT HANAAATEJII,ITE

Id3A[rA.

Te vrMailH e r,rso6r,utr,te. O6aqe

6uru pasrrBaHr4 rrocpeAcrBoM Bbxera, [pnBbp3aHr{ Aa ropHr,rt uwxpait. HqxoH nbKAoKapBarvI(o creHnre r{ AbpBeHn KyJr[, flocraBeHr{ Ha KoJreJrera,3a Aa xBbprqr or6auso MocroBe BbpxycTeHuTev$arut rIpeMHHar, Karo Aocrl,IrHar eAHaKBa C TqX Br,tcoql,Iga. A uarun Hn cKnruAO

Apyru Ha KoJreJrera n 6unu noABr,t)KHr,r orKbM eAHara cTpaHa. flocleAsure, 3a Aa crr,rrHar rd3rrpaBeHu creHr.rre, 6nnu npwlnvx;aBa{rv
Tflx lr

AbJrru rpeAfi, KoHTo 6r,rrn o6xosaHu c xeJlr3o, 3a Aa He ce rlynrr rrptr yAprHero, H c rrx ce onHTBaJrr{ gapal6mtr creHr{Te. A lpyr4 onupaJrr'r Ao creHr,rre crra6n. EgnrE or rsx6unn nocrpoeHH HanpaBo, a

HoIII HacH[a B rPala. Torasa cKvtrvre, rrfi raro He 3HaeJrr4 Beqe KaKBo Aa rrpaBflT, petur,rJru Aa orcrbrrrr. I4 roea 6nlo rpaxr Ha cKr,rrcKara o6caAa.

tZOfgaUnC |OTCKI4 (onxrcume

no I4TM, c.429 c,,t.)

GET., 9l-93. L{ap Ocrporora rrpzcbe4ule.nJr KbM Kaprure rorn r,t nesrufrun orocrpoB llerxe, xofrrorexra Me)KAyBJrr,rBaurr,rre ce B flonra AyHaBcKr.r peKH, v HM Ha3HaqnJr 3a rrpeABo4aTerv Apranr n l-yngepnx,

pr

rpaKHTe ce [porHBorrocraBHJrr{ Ha BCuq118 119

Hafr-3HarHr,rre

or

onycrorrrnnn 3a BTopr4 nrr Mu3ttx, Hanaruraln Mapry.IaHo[oJI, npoqyrufl HraBeH rpaA Ha ra3r,r crpaHa. Ho cleA Arrra o6caAa ro H3ocraBHnn,rr.fi. Karo noJryqvil napu or re3l,r, KoHTo ro HaceJlrBatu. lA noHexe crroMeHaxMe MapuuaHorroJr, HeKa cro6ulnu qaKparKo Heluo3a HeroBoro nono)KeHne. TosH rpaA e nocrpoeH or l,rMlleparop Tparx, KaKTo pa3rrpaBflT, rropa]Ir4 cJreAHara cJIyqKa. Eqna npncly)KHlllra Ha cecrpa My Mapuran ce MHeJra Ha peKara florauoc, Kotro IlMa H3BbHpelHo 6ncrpa rr BKycHa BoAa H v3Bnpa BcpeA rpaAa. Koraro [oHcKaJIa Aa noqeprut BOAa, U3nycHana Cryr{afrno gnatnufl cbA, roftTo HoceJIa cbc ce6e cH, l{ rofr naauar s Arr6oquHara, KbAero ro rerutnJla re)Kecrra Ha MeraJIa. Ho cneA rosa rofr I43nnyBaJI orraM HqKbre HaAaJIeqe. Tosa 6l.{ro Haucrr,rHa seruo ueo6uKHoBeHo: eAI,IH npa3eH cbA Aa rlorbHe, I,t cJIeA ToBa Aa r,r3nJryBa H Aa ro H3xBbpJIflT errHl,ITe.Koraro TpaaH y3HaJI c yqyABaHe ra3u cnyrlKa, IIoMI4cJIHJI, rle B [3Bopa I'IMa HtKaKBo 6oxecrso r,r ocHoBan rpar, xoftro HapeKbJI Ha uMero Ha cecrpa cu MapuuaHonoa. GET., 101-103. Karo yvpxn Ocrporota, KHusa pa3AerII,IrI soficxara cv Ha rBe qacrr,r H n3nparnJl eAHI,I Aa orlycrolrraBat MIa3ut, noHexe 3HaeJr, qe nopaAu nexaftcrsoro Ha ynpaBHHIII,ITe cn e JIHIxeHa or 3arqrdrHr,rqn, a caM Tofi [orerruJl cbc ceAeMAecer xvrrflav softH]ruil ga ornpaBnJr ga Huxonor, eAIIH MHoro ll3recreH rpaA, pa3[oJloxeH [p]I pexa .flrpyc, xofrro Tpanx [ocrpouJl, cJIeA Karo no6eAul capMar]ITe, I,I HapeKbn,, rpaA Ha rrofu gata ". Koraro ryK Heoqa KBaHo AoIrrbJI HMneparop \et1;uit, KHusa ce orrerJII,IJI safi-cerse B [a3BHTe Ha Xeuyc, Kol,lro He 6utu laapLaleq. Orrarnr, Karo ce norp tuKur ga BbopbxeHile, no6tpaal ga ce ornpaBn rrv Ourunonor. I4uneparop,[eunft, Karo y3HaJl, qe 6nn
3aMr,rHaJr, flpexBbpJrlrn 6uroto Ha nJIaHItHara Xeuyc, floHexe vcKar['a ornge Ha rroMoul Hacauils.rpaA, Lr crl,IrHal Eepon. ,[,oraro ustntopeHara sofrcra r,r KoHe cH ornoqHBaJI[,u3BeAHb)K Karo cBerKaB]IIIa ce cnycHan

HapoAa My. CJreA ToBa, Karo TIpeMI,IHaJIH ,[yHana n

c6ntcxa:ru, BeAHara paHnn14 cbc crpena cHHa ua \euuirvt My IIpnqI,IHlIiIH xecToKa cM.bpT. Eautara, xaro ga6ens3aJr ToBa, 6nl ra:al, KaKTo ce pa3[paBt, HaBflpHo, 3a Aa [oBJlHrHe Ayxa Ha eoftHHllnre cn: ,,Hnxofi aa
He c*tp6ra. 3ary6ara Ha eAHH eofrHur He o3HaqaBa o6e:cunaaHe Ha B A1,p)KaBaTa." Buperu roea roil HanaAHan HenpuflTeJII4Te, noHexe
CBOeTO

Moxan Aa rO flpexaJlh, H XeJIaeJr I'IJII'I Aa yMpe, nnH aa oTM.bcTtr 3a cHHa cu. Ho KonaTo aotxtJl a MHgHftcrl4t fpaA A6pnr, 6ral aarpaneH oT roTHTe H 3afHHaJI, laBlpurrafiKn TaKa
6aUnHCrO
TIyBCTBO He

uapyBaHeTo

u )KHBOTa cU. Toea MqcTo r,t aHec ce Hapl{qa

Aeunfi.,,

H TO

,,oJITap Ha 3aTUOTOTyK rrpHHecl,Jt [peAH Cpa)KeHr4eToo6nnxn xepreu

HA hAOJII4TE.

e pa3nOnO)KeH 1pH I'tOJtnTe Ha IInaHHHara XeruyC ua6nu:O AO MOpeTO' ll 6r,pro ro [peB3enu. Totu rpaA ocHoBaJr HflKOna caplauanan, uap Ha

GET., l0tl-109. fo.rure HaralrHann

Tparnx rpana

AHxHaJIo, KofrTo

rraprnTe, Me)KAy 6pera Ha Mopero H nonnre na Xeuyc' Tyx, rcarro

OCragaJII4 MHOFO AH14 Vl Ce HaCna)K,[aBaJlI'I Ha 6asure c ronJrl{ BoAtt, Kollro ce HaMHpar rIpI{ ABaaecernt Mhn}IapeH Ka3BaT, FOTHTS

6Ulu

Crrl6

Eycqnn, r.e. Hose.

Or6rrcsar orryK or

nbJIKoBoAeqa

Fal, roft

ce

OT fpaA AHxualO n uZflnuxsar Or Iu6OrIHHaTa Ha OTHeHLIn CH r,r3Bop. B cpaeueune c ocraHannre uuoro6pofrun ronnil 6ann no \ennfl cBrT Te ca BbB BcflKo oTHouIeHHe OTJrr,ttIHn n Hafi-roAxn Aa JIeKyBaT

cna6vt Jrroae.

E IAMTIE PATO P 14 (o:nwtcnnte no lTseopu sa 1u.tzapcxama Ltcttlopltfl' nt. II, c. 52)

VI

CT OP

IA

ff HA

P 14

M CK IAT

flperexcra'r u Arux, foplnan orBopI4JI AByntvtKur flHyc, xoero 6nlo 6e-nen, qe e o6qaeHa aofiua, 14 ce or[paBHr [porHB nepcl{Te c olpoMHa
eOfrCxa 14 C TOJIKOBa 3JlaTO, qe IIa MO)KS Aa nO6eAI,t JISCHO nepCnre 6nlO c [oMouIHH rofrcxu, 6nlo c pe1oBHa eofrcxa. 4.Toit MuHan npes MH:Iaa n npH caMI4fl nox()A yHHluoxI,IJI, npo[bAl4Jl' LI3roHI.tJI u npofoHHJI KaKBHTo HertpHqreJIH HMano n TPaxna.

26.3.Cnel,Karo 3eMerpeceHHero cnpqro' trpe: BpeMe

Ha KoHcynI'ITe

rsx Knusa c rorure. Toft pas6ru p[McKara softcxa n nporoHllJl HMrreparopa 3aeAHo c MaJIIInHara, KorITo MoTJIH Aa ua6rrar npes Arnure orHoBo e Mugnq xtvr Eycuna. Tavr no roBa BpeMe npe6nraean I.an xaTo HaqaJrHnK Ha rpaHl,Iqara c Aocra roJIflM orpqg 6oftun. Toft cr6pan soficrn KaKTo orryKa, TaKa vI or Vcxyc, lt ce npHrorBLIJI 3a npeAcroqtuata 6urra. Knusa o6ave, cJIeA AbJIra o6caAa BJIfl3bJI BbB Ournnonor, B3eJr nJIsrIKa H ce cbIo3I,IJI c HaMnpalunt ce Bbrpe nbJIKoBoAerl flpucx, rofiro rlcKaJl Aa BoIoBa cpeqy Aeuufi.Koraro ce
Bbpxy

29.f. Aorcaro falues ryrteJl lI nHJIeen xllBora cl4 no 6asu vt CBOAHHUH, 6nIn SasgeTll ran6KttTe n H3TOqHHre O6naCru' CbUIO TaKa
Te3H Ha

flour., Tpaxua

vt

l(ttuPux.

39.7. Koraro BHAqr, uelAnupuxeotrycrollleH n qe Mngns e pa3opeHa' (Aapen na H) n3ocTaBr,n rrpe,[eHara or Tpaxu orrta,IyHa BcKa rpoBl4HIIH.fl

t20

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HfMaJr Ha,ue)Kla, qe Mo)Ke Aa fl 3aAbp)Kn, I,r B,uHnHaJr softcKara lr )KHTeJrr{Te ir. Oree,ueHoro or raM HacereHue tofr xacraHnn e Mtasur r{ r HapeKbJr cron,[,arnn, Koqro cera pa3geJu ABere Mnsnff.

c o qI{AJTHO - I{KO HO Mmq Ec KATA Id KYJITYPHA I{CTOPVTfl' HA TPAKtr{trTCI<I'NTE 3EMM TIPE3 I . III B.

ErII{rPAoCrn tr{3BOPI(

3A

t22

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HAA[|4C OT MECAMEPT{fl
r,r

(72 - 7I ?. np. H. e.)

Kopnenuitt, cuH Ha fafi, pI,IMJIflHI,IHbr, rpara or rrbJrKoBoAella Mapx MHoro I{ 3HaqL{TeJIHI,t Ha Mapx, HarIpaBH Tepenurafi Jlyxyr, cI4H
npeAJroxeHue: rroHexe

,,Crserbr

HapoAbr pelunxa. Xepaftou, clrHbr Ha flacuon, HanpaBlt

faft

xoftro 6e

uagHaqeH 3a KoMeHAaHT Ha

6raroAeqHr,rq Ha HapoAa, cbAeficrByBalxe BbB BcHt{Ko Ha H3rlpaqaHl,rre npu nbJr KoBoAeua Jlyxyn rpareHHqecrBa, [oKpoBI{TeJIcrByBaure rpaAa, KaKTo 14 rrpaTeHHuuTe, u Te cBr,rAeTencTByBaxa 3a AaAeHI4Te 3HMHII

xuaprupl,t..."

2. }JAAtr.VLC OT
(eep. 48-46 z. np.n.e.)

Et

OHV|COITOJI

B I{ECT HA AKOPHI4OH

Hn co6crseHr,r pa3HocKr4 orlrAe 3aeAHo c Hero... a Apronaaa npu '... 6autara Ha Eype6racra, a Karo tofrle ryK H ce cpeuHa c Hero... Koqro 6eure uper:era or Hero ... oceo6oal,t Hapola. AropHuoH craHa x(peu Ha BervKt4fl 6or, ycrpofrsaue 6nncraBo rl,p)KecrBeHl4 npouecnl,t tI )KepTBOnpHHOTUeHl/lfl v pa3traBaule Ha rpax,[aHuTe Meco or xepTBeHHTe )'Kr,rBorHH. Tofr 6e n:6pau 3a )Kpeu ua Capanac H ro c'btutafl HaqI,IH nocrbrBarue 6raropoAHo n ao6pe c pa3xo.[I,rre. floHexe enoHuMbr Ha

rpal .[uoHl.tc HqMa[re xpeu or Aocra

roAI,tHH, rIoKaHeH

or rpax.qaHl,ITe

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poAHHr cr{ rpaA, Karo roBopt4
Har{r.rH npeAv3BtaKa
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125

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3. H AIZ -CT APIA flT O OI4 I.I''I AN EH HAA N E3I4K Y HAC OT ECKYC (42-43 z.)

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no6enHre"l

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127

726

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