20 essential tips for Portrait Photography

20 essential tips for Portrait Photography ................................................... 1 TIP 1: CAMERA SETTING. ....................................................................... 2 TIP 2: OUTDOOR LIGHTING. .................................................................. 5 TIP 3: BASIC COMPOSITION. ................................................................ 17 TIP 4: CAMERA ANGLE AND PERSPECTIVE (GC CHP V S NHN NHN CH ). ........................................................................................ 28 TIP 5: BASIC STUDIO LIGHTING V ARTIFICIAL LIGHT. ............... 38 TIP 6: THE MIND GAME: NHNG IU CN BIT TRONG MT PHOTO SHOOT SESSION ................................................................................. 59

c s tn nhim ca BQT VNPhoto, ti xin liu vit 1 lot bi v k thut chp chn dung. Nhng bi vit ny c da trn kinh nghim c nhn v nhng iu hc hi c ca cc bc n anh i trc nn n c tnh cch ch quan. V vy rt mong nhn c nhng ng gp ph bnh ca cc bn ng nghip. Phn ln nhng k thut ny l dnh cho nhip nh s (digital photography), tuy nhin n vn da trn nhip nh Quan (nh i m sng, nhip posing, nh b kinh ca ti cc, gm gc c chp, 3 in. phn:

1. Thu nhp d liu tt (capturing good data): Phn ny lin quan n k thut chp timing). 2. Bin d liu thnh thng tin (post-processing): Phn ny lin quan n k thut phng ti. Nhng k thut cn thit trong Photoshop iu chnh nh sng, mu sc, v tng phn. 3. Trnh by thng tin: Phn ny lin quan n in n, online, framing, special

effect.... Phn ln cc bi vit c tp trung vo 2 phn u. minh ha cho cc bi vit ca mnh ti s dng hnh do chnh ti chp v 3 l do: 1. Ti khng phi bn tm v lut bn quyn. 2. V do chnh ti chp nn ti bit r hon cnh nh sng v k thut no c dng trong PS. 3. ...... Khoe nhng tm nh ca mnh :LOL: Cui cng, xin cm n cc bn b thi gi c phn kh khan gii thiu ny (boring introduction), v cm n nhng ngi nh hng trc tip hay gin tip n "my photography" l Bill Hurter, Kevin Aimes, v Jack Davies, (hn qu, my v ny khng bit c ting Vit). Thi ni vy ri, cc Bc cho em ngh mt ri em s vit tip nhe. n c "Tip 1: Camera setting". TIP 1: CAMERA SETTING. bo m c d liu tt v chp vi hiu qu cao th vic u tin l phi chn nhng "setting" sau y chnh xc: file format, color space, ISO setting, white balance, exposure, color temparature, auto focus point, metering mode, v lens. Ti cho rng cc bn x dng t medium ti high-end camera, ngha l c nhng setting nu trn. Ti xin ln lt tho lun tng phn mt. 1. File format: Nu bn chn white balance v color temperature ng th xin bn t tin v mnh dn chp "JPEG large". Vi format ny, bn c cht lng (quality) chun b "edit" trong PS. Bn thn ti tng chp Canon EOS D30 (3 MegaPixel) v sau dng k thut PS phng ln n 20-by-30 inches m nhn vn r nt. Hn na, portrait photographer thng phi chp vi s lng ln, nu nh chp RAW th khng cha dc nhiu lm trn memory card v nu bn c my tnh "chm" th s mt nhiu th gi upload, chnh white balance, color temperature, convert thnh JPEG, nhng vic ny lm gim hiu nng ca ngi chp. 2. Color space: Chn Adobe RGB hn l sRGB, v sRGB dnh cho Internet, cn RGB dng cho mi trng hp. Nu bn chp RGB ri sau quyt nh dng cho Internet th bn ch c vic "compress" n li trong PS l xong. 3. ISO setting: chn ISO cao nht m my ca bn c th "chu dc" m khng b "noise". Thng thng th ISO thp cho kt qu tt hn, nhng nhng my sau ny

nh Canon EOS 20D c th chp c ISO setting 400 m vn khng b "noise". Tn dng s tin b ny, bn c th tc chp cao v c nh (1/125s) bt my chn khu ln (trng hp chp h thng TV, tc l bn chn tc , my chn khu ). L do chp tc nhanh l v trong khi chp chn dung, bn phi di chuyn nhiu v iu khin model cng lc nn rt d b run my.Hn na vi ISO setting cao v tc cao, ta lun c khu ln (iu ny cn thit c chiu su nh trng hp, cn thit cho portrait). Cho em ngh mt cht nhe 4.White Balance: Yu t ny quyt nh n "tng" mu (lnh, nng, neutral). Hu ht cc my u c auto, nhng ta nn ng theo trng hp (coi manual ca my bn bit r hn). 5. Exposure: Vi TV auto setting khng phi lc no ta cng c "perfect exposure". Lun lun kim tra histogram xem hnh c b over hay under exposure hay khng. Nhn vo histogram, nu ta thy c mt vch en di dc bn phi ca biu , c ngha l vng b "blown-out" (mt chi tit). Tng t nh vy, nu c mt vch en dc bn tri c ngha l hnh b mt chi tit trong vng ti. (Nu bn dng my Canon, bm nt info bn s thy histogram hin ln, nhng vng mt chi tit n s chp chp trn ha ) Over Exposure: mt chi tit ni vng sng

Under Exposure: mt chi tit ni vng ti

khc phc, ta dng exposure compensation. Tng ln hay gim i cn bng nh sng li (Xem camera manual c a bn coi cch chnh). Thi em i da ng, cc Bc coi em vit c chn khng? Ngy mai em vit tip nhen. :unsure:

6.

Color

temperature:

Tri nng (sunny daylight outdoors): khong 5200 K, nh sng ngoi tri bnh thng daylight khon 5000K-5600K, .Tri nng th phi chnh ln cao hn 5600K Trong bng rm (shaded areas outdoors): khong 5200K

Tri my, tri bun m m, hay lc mt tri ln: khong 6000K

7. Auto Focus Point: Trong chn dung bn ch cn 1 focus point l ri (Canon 10D c 7 focus point). Khi chp lun lun ly im focus l con mt (con mt l ca s ca tm hn m :lol:

8. Metering Mode: Chn Partial Metering hay Center Weighted Metering Mode c bit l khi chp close up hay khi background qu sng. Chn Evaluative Metering khi backgorund p. 9. Lenses: Trong khi chp chn dung th iu khin model (communication) ng mt phn RT l quan trng, nn chp tele t 70mm n 135 mm l l tng nht. Nu ta chp knh di 50 mm, th ta phi ng gn, iu ny lm cho model mt t nhin (ngi ta rt nhy c m khi b ng knh d st vo ngi). Nu ta chp knh qu hp nh tele 300 mm th ta phi "ht" ln th model mi bit mnh mun ci g :LOL: Ni chung l rn gi mt khong cch lm vic (working distance) m mnh v model c m thy thoi mi.

Ti xin tm dng phn 1 y. Phn ny rt l "boring" nhng rt l quan trng. Vn l bn phi hon ton hiu bit camera ca mnh v trong khi lm vic bn ch tp trung ht thi gi quan st nh sng, iu khin model "posing", v "communication". n c tip 2: Outdoor Lighting. (Phn ny chc chn l vui hn v nhiu hnh nh hn. Thi i nhu nhe. ) TIP 2: OUTDOOR LIGHTING. Nhng nh sng thng gp khi chp ngoi tri l: 1. Tri my (Cloudy day): y l nh sng l tng nht chp chn dung. y l loi nh sng tn (diffused light), do mt tri b "block" bi my nn nh sng rt nh, tuy nhin da model s b "ti" nn cn c chnh mu li trong PS. Vi loi nh sng ny, bn khng phi lo lng nhiu v v tr chp. ng u chp cng n tin ht . nh ny mnh chp Utah trong mt ngy tri y my. Evaluating metering, fill flash.

2. Trong rm (shade): Nu ngoi tri qu nng th tm bng rm chp. Nu chp di tn cy th coi chng nh snh i qua k l s to nhng khong l ch trn mt ch :( . Nu chp di hng hin th tm mt ci tng no m m c mu ng nht (cng t mu cng tt). Nh vy bn c mt dng "studio ngoi tri" vi nh sng phn chiu t ngoi nng vo trong bng rm. Hnh ny c chp di hng hin ca mt nh kho trong mt ngy rt rt nng. nh sng phn chiu lm cho model b m vng (yellow cast).

Evaluating

Metering,

fill

flash.

3. nh sng mnh (Hard Light):nh sng ny thng l bui tra khi mt tri trn nh u. nh sng ny rt gt (harsh) nn to shadow rt mnh trn mt ca ch . Khi chp, nh mt ca ch trong bng mt v coi chng nh sng vo mt model to nn 2 ci l su hom (shadow over eye sockets) :lol: Ni chung nh sng ny nn trnh v lm cho model nhn nh, m hi nh nhi. Ch chp khi khng tm c bng mt no chung quanh.

nh ny c chp dng Center Weight Metering, khng flash. Zoom st vo mt ch , dng TV setting, o sng, kha setting li, zoom ra ri chp. (khu 11, tc 1/125, ISO setting 100). Dng reflector. Set up k th vy m vn b "blown out" tay. (Too bad, hic hic hic)

Thi em i n nhe, n xong vit tip

Mt cch khc i ph vi nh sng mnh l chp close-up. Trong trng hp ny, mt ca ch chim phn ln din tch ca hnh loi b i phn background qu sng.

Ch t cho em i pha li c ph ri vit tip.

Mt dng nh sng mnh na l nhng ngy tuyt. Mc d tri y my nhng mt t ph y tuyt trng nn nh sng phn chiu rt mnh. Trong trng hp nh vy "cng bc" model mc "mu m" (c bit la ). Chp vi Center Weigh Metering. Ci kh l da ca model s b ti (b kh, 5 F da ai m khng ti :gathering ).

Hnh ny c chp Michigan, model b lnh t ti. Da u c hng nh th nu khng c PS.

4. nh sng nh (soft light): y l dng nh sng l tng nht chp chn dung. Thng l x chiu khi mt tri xung thp. nh sng nh n ni m ta c th nhn vo mt tri m khng b nhu mt (tuy nhin ng nhn lu qu m ni

om m) :LOL: Loi nh sng ny lm cho mt long lanh (vit ti y em nh ti cu "git nng i hoang vo mt em bun" ca Ng Thy Min). Sau y l 3 cch dng nh sng nh:

Chp thun nng: Mt tri trc mt model. o sng vng hightlight.

Nu hng nng i vung gc vi gc chp: Chp theo kiu Profile lm ni bt phn mt (frontal face). Dng flash ph nh phn bn hng.

Nu mt tri i din camera (back lighting) th nh sng s lm nn vng hight light chung quanh ch . V nh sng ny thp, nh chn tia sng (sun ray) i thng vo ng knh, nu khng s b mt lp "m" ph ln hnh.

Xin t m dng y, ngy mai tip :pc:

5. nh sng ht: y l dng nh sng c bit tng i mnh v n di t ngoi sng vo trong ti (hay rm). Chp th loi ny nn dng center weighted metering. Dng 1: Khi nh sng ht vo t 2 bn (di ci pier, cu, lng). Mc d nh sng i vo t 1 pha nhng cng c 1 phn nh sng ngc li do phn chiu. V d nh nh sau y, ngun sng t bn phi nhng ta vn thy 1 t nh sng hightlight bn tri.

Dng 2: Khi nh sng ht vo t bn trn (trong 1 ci hm vi 3 hay 4 pha b cn nh sng bi nhng ta nh cao tng). Chp loi ny thng mt ch hi cui v pha trc nh sng khng b ri vo mt. Nn tn dng nh sng ny hightlight tc ng thi dng flash fill phn mt. nh ny chp trong 1 ci hm ct New York (3 chiu b cn nh sng, v chiu cn li cng b cn bi 1 ta nh cao tng khc). Bn c th thy nh sng t pha trn hightlight tc v lng ca ch . Flash c dng lm nh sng chnh (key light).

Dng 3: Window Lighting. y l dng thng gp nht trong 3 dng (nh no m li khng c window :noexpress ) khi nh sng ht vo t ca s. Ty theo nh sng mnh hay nh m ch ng gn hay xa ca s, nu cn th dng mt tm mng (curtain) cn bt nh sng li. Chp loi ny th ly focus con mt gn ca s v o sng phn hightlight khng b blown-out.

nh ny c chp high contrast lm ni bt character lines. nh sng t ca s l ngun sng chnh (key light).

nh ny c chp kt hp vi nh sng n vng trong nh. nh sng t ca s dng hightlight phn mt bn phi ca em b.

Ti y em xin tng kt phn outdoor lighting. Ni chung, nh sng ngoi tri thay i rt l nhanh, nn trong khi chp phi bit thay i camera setting ca minh cho ph hp vi iu kin nh sng. Lun lun xc nh cho c u l ngun sng chnh. "Position" ch sao cho c nhng vng hightlight v shadow gy c cm gic khng gian 3 chiu. nh ny, trn mt ch th hin c 4 vng nh sng khc nhau. Vng sng nht l 1, hi sng l 2, trung bnh l 3, v vng shadow l 4.

n c tip 3: Basic composition. Thi nhu nhe

Tip

3:

Basic

Composition.

Sau khi quan st nh sng ri, step k tip l sp t ch u trn khung hnh (subject placement). y l 1 k thut rt l quan trng, v n hng mt ngi xem vo ni m mnh mun nhn mnh. C nhng "rules" sau y m ngi chp cn phi ch n. 1. The rule of thirds (Lut 1/3): Theo lut ny th frame c chia lm 3 ng dc v 3 ng ngang bng nhau. Nhng ng ny l nhng "ng mnh", ch nn nm trn nhng ng ny. Phn giao ca nhng ng ny to nn nhng "i m mnh". y cng l nhng im l tng t ch ca mnh.

2. Direction (Hng): Mt tm chn dung p cn phi gy cm gic "phng hng" v "chuyn ng" (sense of movement and direction). thc hin iu ny, bn nhiu khong trng trc mt ch hn l sau lng, v cung to nn hng nhn y l 2 cho v d ch v .

"direction"

3. Line (ng): C 2 loi ng: ng tnh ta i v ng tan v :gathering (a t nh)....Dng thc (real lines) v ng o (implied lines). ng thc c th thy c v d nh ng ry xe la, hng ro. ng o l nhng ng tng tng (ng ny kh thy hn, ty theo s sng to ca ngi chp nh).

2 mc ch chnh ca "line" l: 1. Ph i tnh c ng (static) ca frame. Thng th frame hnh ch nht hay vung, ph i 2 chiu dc v ngang ny th cn phi to nhng "line": sinh ng hn ph i tnh "th ng" ny.

2. Mc ch th nh ca line l gip hng mt ngi nhn vo ch .

em i pha c ph ri tip nhe :p

2 v d sau y, ng l ng thc (real lines) nhm hng mt ngi nhn vo ch , ng en l ng o (implied lines) nhm ph i ci "static" ca khung hnh ch nht.

4. Shape (Hnh dng): Shape do ng thc hay ng o to thnh. Thng thng dng tam gic nhn n tng nht. Dng tam gic khi chp n:

dng tam gic khi chp nhm:

5. Tension and Balance (S cng thng v cn bng): S sp xp ca "shape" to nn cm gic cng thng hay cn bng. V d sau y, nhng thng rc pha sau c sng v kch thc qu khc bit vi ch nn gy cm gic "cng thng"

nh ny cn bng hn, v ch v chic xe p c cng chung "tng" mu, sng, v kch thc.

6. Pleasing compositional forms (Nhng dng b cc nhn "d chu"): Ngoi dng tam gic nu trn, dng L-shaped (hay L ngc), S-shaped (hay S ngc), Z-shaped (hay Z ngc), C-Shaped (hay C ngc) cng to c nhng b cc nhn "pleasing" nht. V d v L-Shaped

Vi d v S-Shaped

7. Subject Tone: Sau khi t ch ln trn ng mnh hay im mnh ri, mt i m quan trng na l ci "tone" ca ch phi sng hn, nt hn, mu sc ni bt hn (nu chp mu) nhng phn cn li ca hnh. Trong v d ny, sng v nt lm ni bt mt (frontal) ca ch v gip "stand out".

n c tip 4: "Camera Angle and Perspective". Thi nhu nhe.

TIP 4: CAMERA ANGLE AND PERSPECTIVE (GC CHP V S NHN NHN CH ). Tip ny gm c 4 phn: Camera Height, Head Positions, Framing, v Tilted Camera. Tip ny bn v "perspective" (tm dch l "cnh nhn nhn ch " CNNC). Ni chung, v tr t ca camera nh hng n "hnh dng ca ch . Hiu r nhng qui tc ny s gip ta gi ng hay thay i (distorted) b ngoi (appearance) ca ch khi cn. 1. Camera Height: Khi di chuyn Camera theo chiu dc th lu nhng im sau y: Nu chp Head-and-Shoulders (hay Head-shot) (Tm dch l Bn Chn Dung) th camera phi t ngang tm vi ci nh ca l mi (nose tip) gi ng perspective.

Nu chp Three-Quarter-Length (Di tht lng v trn u gi) th camera phi c t tm u gia vai v tht lng gi ng perspective.

Nu chp Full-Length (Chp "nguyn con" :noexpress ), th camera phi c t ngang tht lng gi ng perspective.

Ni chung, t nhng i m chun gi cho ch ng "perspective" k trn, nu ta di chuyn camera cao ln th s lm cho ch thp i, hoc thp xung th ch s cao ln. V vy iu chnh camera sao cho ch nhn "l tng" nht (vic ny th ty theo quan im ring ca ngi chp).

2. Head Positions (v tr u): Nu Camera Height nh hng n chiu cao ca ch th Head Positions nh hng n trng lng ca ch (tuy nhin cng ty thuc vo cch t nh sng na).

C 3 v tr u c bn nht trong chn dung l: 7/8, 3/4, v profile. Seven-Eighths View (7/8): v tr ny mt bn mt ca ch c thy nhiu hn pha bn kia, tuy nhin ta vn thy c ci tai.

Three-Quarters View (3/4): Chch sang 1 t na cho n khi ci tai khut i th ta c 3/4 view.

Profile:

Ti

gc

chp

ny,

ta

ch

thy

mt

bn

ca

mt.

Bn c th kt hp "camera height techique" v "head positions" lm cho ch "nh nh ny c chp con" high angle v 3/4 i. view.

3. Framing: y l 1 k thut rt quan trng n CNNC (Cch nhn nhn ch ). Thng th nh c chp trn nhng format tiu chun nh: 4-by-6, 5-by-7, 5-by-5, 5-by-4, tng thm tnh a dng cho format th ta dng phng php Framing, c ngha l dng nhng ng thc v ng o to nn 1 ci frame khc bn trong mt trong nhng frame tiu chun k trn. nh ny ci ct bn tri (ng vai tr ng thc) v cnh tay (ng o) "frame" ch li ph i ci frame kinh in t l 3/2.

nh ny b cc c chc ch hn l nh ci vm pha sau "frame" ch li.

y l mt dng c bit ca framing. Ch c t sau tm li. Tm li to nn nhng ng cho ph i tnh c ng ca frame kinh in v ng thi "frame" ch thnh nhng mng nh.

y l mt kiu rt sng to v cch framing ca anh Soneros. Trong nh ny ta thy

framing khng nht thit phi l ci "frame" c to bi nhng ng tht m c th l s kt hp gia ng thc v cnh ca frame. V c bit l frame trong nh ny c tnh cht "implied" v "abstract" i hi ngi nhn phi suy tng ra (ch khng phi suy din ra :lol: ).

4. Tilted Camera (K thut nghing my): K thut ny c dng to b cc nh, nu mc ch ny khng t c th c ngha l "lch" my :lol: nh ny ch pose thiu linh ng nn my c nghing to b cc ng cho v L-form.

nh ny my c nghing, tuy nhin , khng ging nh nh trn, ngi xem khng bit my c nghing theo gc no v chung quanh khng c g cn c theo so snh.

Tm li, nhng k thut k trn gip ta lm ch c b cc, thay i hay gi CNNC (perspective) t c kt qu theo mun. n oc tip 5: Basic Studio Lighting and Aritficial Light. Thi zd nhe c gi bi ruanweixin Bc Hafoto cho Em hi v nhit mu vi, n nay E m cha hiu v n, cha bit tc dng ca n th no c. nh sng trong ngy lun lun thay i, nn nh hng rt ln n mu sc ca nh. phn nh ng iu kin nh sngn ngi ta dng h thng o lng nhit chuyn dn sang cam, vng, trng, ri Kelvin cui cng l xanh (K). (blue). C tng tng mt thanh kim loi c nung ln. Lc u n c mu , ri Gia tra l khong 5500K, lc ny ta c mu trng "ng" nht. Tungsten v nh sng n cy c nhit thp hn, nu bn khng chnh my ng th n s to nn mu m hay vng. Tri trong (bright skies) v tuyt c nhit cao hn, nu khng chnh my ng th hnh s b m xanh (blue). Mt s photographer thch "color cast" (mu m) v h cho rng n thc hn. V d nh mt tri mc th ng nhin l phi m . V v cch dng mu n cng to nn ci "mood" ca nh. Cn nu nh bn thch gi ng mu "trng" th c 3 cch sau (coi y manual my khc ca phc: bn). 1. Chnh color temperature v white balance trn my ng vi iu kin nh sng 2. Custom White Balance: Chp mt t giy trng ti a i m chp. Vo menu, tm Custom White Balance, bm set, tm trn LCD nh t giy trng bn mi chp, bm set, my s t ng "load" gi liu "trng" m bn chp nh l mu trng tiu chun. 3. Nu bn "nht" :thua: th chp RAW, ri v nh chnh Color temperature v white balance Chc bn thnh cng :lol: sau.

TIP 5: BASIC STUDIO LIGHTING V ARTIFICIAL LIGHT. y l 2 ch m ngi ta c th vit thnh 2 cun sch nn em ch xin mn php trnh bay nhng im c bn nht (khch so nh). 1. Basic Studio Lighting: Studio Lighting l ti to li (hay bt chc) nh sng t nhin nn ngun sng chnh LUN LUN c t t nht l ngang tm mt ca ch hay l cao hn. (Bi vy my phim kinh d hay chiu n my con qu t pha di ln :lol: ). C 4 loi n chnh trong studio: Key light, fill light, background light, v hair light.

S thay i trong sp xp ca cc ngun sng ny to nn tnh a dng ca k thut studio lighting. V d nh: Loop Lighting, Paramount Lighting, Rembrand Lighting, Profile Lighting, Split Lighting. Khng c mt ch s nht nh v cng nh sng v camera setting v nhng

thng s ny ph thuc vo din tch ca studio, v tr t ca n flash, loi n flash c dng, v ngay c mu sc ca background. 1. Key light: L ngun nh sng chnh quyt nh phn no ca ch c "chiu sng" (illuminate). y l ngun sng chnh quyt nh s khc nhau gia cc th loi nh sng setting trong studio. 2. Fill light: Mc ch chnh ca Fill Light l lm nh i phn shadow to bi Key Light. V vy, Fill Light lun lun "nh" hn (less powerful) Key light, cn nh hn nh th no quyt nh ci "mood" ca nh. T l thng thng gia Key v Fill l 3:1. T l cng ln (4:1, 5:1, v ngay c no fill light) th nhn kch tnh hn (more dramatic). Nhng t l ny thuc v nhm "high contrast" (chnh lch cao gia highlight v shadow). T l cng nh th nhn "du" hn (pleasing). V d nh: 3:2. 3. Hair Light: ng theo tn gi ca n, nh sng ny "illuminate" phn tc ca ch . n nay thng c t hi chch ra pha sau nh sng khng "lt" vo mt ch v lm cho tc ni bt ln nn background.

4. Background Light: L loi nh sng ri thng vo trung tm ca background to thnh "Vignette effect" (trung tm sng trong khi 4 gc ti i) nhm mc ch hng mt ngi nhn vo ch .

5. Kicker: Ngoi 4 loi chnh k trn, kicker l loi nh sng mnh tng ng Key Light v t i li Key Light lm ni bt ci "contour" v "roundness" (tm dch l "ng vin khng gian 3 chiu ).

Tnh a dng ca Studio Lighting l do s kt hp ca cc loi nh sng trn. Ngoi tr Key Light bt buc phi c, nhng ngun sng cn li th ty theo s sng to v s thch ca ngi chp c th dng ht hoc dng vi loi hoc khng dng cng c (chp vi mt ngun sng).

Tip 5: Basic Studio Lighting v Artificial Light (tip theo) Phn trn ni v cc loi n dng trong studio: Key light (phi c), fill light, hair light, background light, kicker (optional), i khi reflector cng c dng nh key light. Trong studio c 5 loi setting chnh: Paramount, Loop, Rembrandt, Split, v Profile. d hiu cho bi vit, cc bn c tng tng studio setting ging nh ci mt ng h (xin ng xi ng h digital :lol: ). Ch c ngi trung tm ng h, camera c t v tr 6 gi, v ty theo th loi nh sng c dng m cc n c thay i cho ph hp. 1. Paramount Lighting: nh sng ny ti to nh sng gn gia tra khi m mt tri gn nh trn nh u. Key light c t ngay trn u v chnh din vi ch . nh sng ny lm ni bt phn mt (frontal) ca ch v "de- emphasize" phn hng (sides) ca u. V key light c t i din v pha trn ca ch nn nh sng ny to nn 2 ci shadows trn hc mt v mt ci shadow ngay di mi (i khi n to nn dng hnh con bm nn Paramount Lighting cn c gi l Butterfly Lighting). lm gim nh nhng ci shadows ny, fill light (hay reflector) c t ngay di Key Light (trng hp duy nht m 2 loi n ny c t cng pha v theo hng dc trn di).

nh trn, ch nhn thng vo ng knh, tuy nhin hng ngi quay v pha v tr 8 gi . Key light c t v tr 8 gi ngay pha trn u, reflector c t ngay pha di Key light. V mt ch khng su nn ta khng thy ci shadow trn hc mt r lm, tuy nhin ta vn thy shadow ngay di mi. Loi nh sng ny thch hp cho n (v mt nam thng su hn mt n). 2. Loop Lighting: Loi setting ny hi khc vi Paramount ch l Key light vn trn cao nhng hi thp xung lm mt i ci shadow trn hc mt, v chch v mt bn to nn ci shadow hnh "loop" trn m ca ch . nh sng ny thch hp lm "m" i (slim) mt ca ch .

3. Rembrandt Lighting: Hay cn c gi l 45-degree lighting. c im ca nh sng ny l n to nn mt ci tam gic nh trn m ca ch ( bn pha ngc li ca Key light). nh sng ny bt ngun t ha s Rembrandt ngi H lan, ng ta thch v ch ng cnh ca s. nh sng ny thng c coi l c in, kch tnh (classic, dramatic look), thch hp cho nam. to c tc dng Rembrandt Lighting, Key light c t thp xung na gn nh ngang tm mt ca ch ( trnh tc dng loop-shadow) v gn nh l to mt gc 45 i vi ch .

nh trn ta c th thy dng hnh tam gic trn m tri ca ch (Key light c t v tr khong gia 7 v 8 gi, v thp ngang t m mt ca ch ). 4. Split Lighting: Loi nh sng ny ch "chiu" (illuminate) ng na mt ca ch , na cn li hon ton trong vng ti. nh sng ny dng lm "m" i (slim) nhng ngi c kh mt hay mi "rng". nh sng ny t c dng trong nhip nh thng mi (commercial photography). Nu dng th t l Key v Fill thng l 3:2.

nh trn Key light c t v tr 9 gi, t l Key:Fill l 3:1 (hic, it's not commercial photography. nh ny "free" ch khng bn c). 5. Profile Lighting: Loi nh sng ny th hng nhn ca ch v camera to nn mt gc 90 . Key light c t hi chch ra pha sau ch lm ni bt ng vin trn sng mi. Fill light (optional) c t i din vi Key lm nh i phn shadow. Loi nh sng ny t c dng v n gii hn v mt hnh thc (ch b b buc v hng nhn v "posing").

nh trn, camera v tr 6 gi, ch nhn v hng 3 gi (to nn gc 90 vi gc chp), Key light v tr khong gia 1 v 2 gi. Em phi i n, cht na vit tip nhen :lol: Cch x dng v set n flash trong studio (bi vit ny ly n Excalibur 3200 lm nh v d) di): Mt n flash dng trong studio thng c nhng nt (buttons, slider) c bn sau (xem

Pha

sau:

Pha

trc:

Ci slider trn cng "control" lng nh sng nh ra t "flash ring", bn c th set t

1/8 n F (full power). y l ngun sng thc quyt nh lng nh sng m mnh mun "nh" (illuminate) ln ch .

Ci slider ngay k pha di "control" lng nh sng nh ra t "modeling light", bn cng c th set t 1/8 n "full power". Thc cht y ch l bng n vng (light bulb), nn khng mnh lm so vi "flash ring" nn d c set full power cng khng "t" (over-power) c "flash ring". Mc ch ca modeling light l cho ta "coi th" (preview) nh sng s "nh" vo ch no mt khi ta bm my chp. Ngay vng trung tm, ta c nt "slave". Khi nt ny "on" th phn "sensor" hot ng lm cho n "fire" khi c ngun sng "kch thch" n. Mc ch lm cho n "work" nh l "fill light".

K bn l nt "sound". Sau khi flash "fire", th n cn thi gian np in li, khi n "ready" th n s pht ra ting "bp" (nu ta n "on") bo cho ta bit l n c Nt Nt "M.L." Power power l l nt cho "cng nt tc" "cng shot ca tc" n ca k "modeling tip. light".

flash

ring.

L cm "sync" l ni cm dy ni flash vi camera (trng hp flash ng vai tr Key light ngun sng chnh).

Hai nh trn cho thy, ngun sng c hng hi t li vng trung tm ca ci d bi mt ci phu, ri li c phn ngc tr li v pha ta mun chp. Hic, ch ny sao em thy n di dng qu, thi em suy ngh mai vit tip coi n c r rng hn khng? hic hic.... Sau khi nm c cc loi nh sng c bn thng dng trong studio v cch x dng n flash, vn k tip l o sng v chnh cc setting trn ca mera (tc , khu , ISO...) c c mt exposure nh .

Nu c th c th bn c th dng light metering quyt nh mt exposure l tng. Tuy nhin, nu bit "set up" ta vn c th chp c mt t m nh sng m khng cn dng light-metering (well, this tip can save you 200 dollars from buying that C n, 2. Nhng 2 loi yu t device nh hng studio, trn my n mt tone nh (khu :lol: tm nh ca , tc ng sng ). l:

1. Nhng yu t lin quan n studio setting ( mnh ca n flash, v tr t ca din yu t tch setting background). , ISO)

Hai loi yu t ny nh hng qua li v trc tip ti nhau. V ta khng dng lightmetering nn ta s gi nhng thng s trn camera c nh (nhm yu t 2) v iu chnh flashes (nhm yu t 1) sao cho c c mt exposure l tng. Nhng setting l tng trn camera trong studio:

1. ISO: V ta hon ton lm ch nh sng nn trnh nh b noise, lun lun set 100. 2. Khu : Trong studio, th background khng cn l "problem", v background thng l mt mu trn, kt hp vi background light ( to vignette effect) nn ta

khng phi lo lng nhiu v nhng ci lnh knh lm phn tm ngi nhn khi chp ti "location". V th, set khu nh nh c nt cao v "chiu su nh trng" (DOF) Tc : tc cao trnh nh b nhe do rung rng. tay.

3.

Set

Nhm thng s sau c dng minh ha cho k thut set up nh sng ny ISO:100, tc : 1/125s, khu : f/8

Sau khi set nhng thng s ny c nh trn camera, bc k tip l set lng nh sng nh ra t key light (ta khng phi lo lng v fill light v khi key light m ng th fill light phi ng).

V c nhiu loi n flash khc nhau (vi cng sut khc nhau) nn v d sau ch c tnh u tin set cch key light "nh" tng 3/4 cng sut ca trng. n.

Test Shot: Chp th mt tm, trn camera, bt histogram ln (xin coi tip 1 v cch c histogram). Nu nh d sng th ta c nhng cch iu chnh sau: gim cng sut n xung, hoc di chuyn key light xa ra, hoc tng tc trn my, hoc ng khu nh li.

Nu nh thiu sng th (bn c th on): tng cng sut n ln, hoc di chuy n flash gn li, hoc gim tc trn my (nhng ng gim di 1/60s), hoc m khu ln ln (nhng ng ln hn f/5.6).

Ti y, hi vng bn c khi nim v cch thc hin mt "test shot". Ni chung l cn phi linh ng quyt nh cn phi hiu chnh nhng setting ca "nhm yu t 1" (flash), hoc "nhm yu t 2" (camera).

Ngy mai tip nhen..... :) Sau khi key light set c nh ri (v d nh 3/4 cng sut ca n) th vn cn li l fill light, background light, hair light (nhng n ny c tnh cch "optional"). Ty theo thch m ta chn t l thch ng gia key light v fill light. T l 1:3 l thng dng nht. Vy nu key light l 3/4 th fill light s l 1/3 ca 3/4 (bc no c calculator th tnh gim i :lol: , ni vy thi, ch c lng l c ri) Nhng t l 1:4, 1:5, th s cho nh c tng phn cao, nn nhn kch tnh (dramatic). Thch hp cho phi nam.

T l 1:2 th s cho tng phn thp nn nhn "pleasing" hn. Thch hp cho phi n. Nu hair light v background light c dng th cng sut ca n ch nn set 1/2 ca key light (1/2 c a 3/4 l bao nhiu h cc bc? )

Lu quan trng: Khi chp trong studio nn tt ht cc n, ch modeling light ca key light thi, v sng c th thy vng highlight v shadow. nh sng ca model light (nh sng preview) phi sng ta c th ly nt (ly nt mt). c sa bi hafoto lc 11:53 AM ngy 26-01-2007 K thut chp Artificial Light: Artificial light l nhng loi n nh neon, tungsten, spotlight... Nhng loi n ny c xp vo nhm "low light". Tht vy cho d l bn n Las Vegas hay New York l nhng ni c nh sng rc r v m, nhng nh sng ca city light khng th so sng vi nh sng mt tri c. Ty theo yu cu m ta cn bit nhng im c bn sau khi "i ph" vi loi nh sng ny.

Trng hp background khng cn thit: V d nh bn chp mt s kin m s kin c bit quan trng hn c background nhiu th chn ly "gii php an ton" l chp tc m n cho php. Lm nh vy th ch s thy r v sng trong khi background hon ton chm trong bng ti.

Trng hp khng th dng flash c th tng ISO, nu vn thiu sng m ln khu hn, hoc chp tc chm li (nu bn chp di 1/60s th nn dng monopod) nh sau, mc d ISO c set 1600 m vn khng sng nn tc c set 1/45s, my c "t" trn bn cho vng.

Trng hp chp kt hp vi Flash: y l trng hp NN dng nht v: -Ta va thy c ch v va thu c background. V d nh thn ch ca bn b ra c ngn t chc m ci khch sn sang trng nht m nu chp theo tc n flash, khi ln nh ch thy c du ch r dancing cn th n mu, khch kha chm trong mn m ht . Hoc nh bn du lch ti thnh ph ln nh New York

rc r v m, bn chp mt tm chn dung vi background l Times Square, nhng ln nh th ging nh chp trong "parking lot" th bun l m. -Phng php ny nh khng b "noise" (do set ISO cao) v khng b "heavy color cast" (xem nh trn, khun mt cu b b ti v vng do nh n light-bulb). Nguyn tc chung ca k thut chp "low light" kt hp vi n Flash: - my theo ch TV (Tc u tin) v fill nh vi Flash. C 2 vn cn lu khi dng phng php ny: Bn mun ly bao nhiu background v ch ng

u trc ng knh. Trong khong 1/15s ti 1/50s l khong thi gian lu thu c "artificial light" ca background vo trong ng knh. Nu bn mun thu "nhiu background" th set 1/15s. Nu "t background" th set 1/50s. (Linh ng x dng trong khong tc ny). Trong khong tc ny th nguy c my b rung rt cao. Tuy nhin, v ch l background nn hi rung hay m t cng khng sao, v nu bn chu kh tp t th khong ny nu chp quen c th vn r c :lol: Cn nu nh bn chp tc 1s (hay di) th nn dng monopod. V ta set my TV (ch auto) nn my s quyt nh lng nh sng trng ca n Flash ti ch . Sau khi bm my, th Flash s "nh" trc. Sau khi "nh ri" ng knh vn m c thi gian thu "nh sng ti" ca background. Lc ny ch nm trong vng ti nn nu ch nhc nhch th khi ln nh (ty theo ch ng v tr sng ti c no) ta s thy phn "ra" hi blur. Nu ch ng di nh n vng th khi ln nh ta s thy nh sng vng "trn" vi nh sng trng ca n Flash. V vy cn phi "ngc" n Flash ln (t nht l 45 ) hn ch lng nh sng trng li, trnh khng ch b "over-lighting" (nh sng trng + nh sng ti hin trng lm ch b d sng). Ni chung phng php ny, flash c dng lm ch sng, cn tc chm nhm thu c nh sng ti ca background. nh sau c chp vi tc 1/25s, (v background khng xa lm) bn vn c th thy nh sng trng ca flash di (bounce flash) t trn nh m ln ch r v c du, ng thi vn gi nguyn nh sng ca hin trng ni background.

nh sau c chp vi tc 1/4s, ta c th thy nh sng trng ca flash v vin mu chung quanh ch (vin ny thu vo my SAU KHI flash nh), v background qu xa nn cn chp tc chm ny (chic xe hi bn tri b blur v tc chm).

Tip ny ti y xin kt thc.

Bc hafoto cho e hi: Trng hp chp vi flash trn l ch dng vi TTL hay l c th s dng c cho c non-TTL? Cm n bc Cm n bc t cu hi quan trng ny: Trng hp trong bi vit ny l dng TTL. V nu ta dng non-TTL, khi bt flash ln th my t ng set theo ch chp theo flash. Kt qu l nh sng n flash s tr thnh ngun sng chnh v ch c "illuminate" bi nh sng "trng" ca n flash, cn background th ti thui. Trong trng hp ny th chp manual. Nguyn tc chung vn l tc chm (1/15s ti <1/60s nu cn 1/4s). Khi chp tc chm nh vy, th flash nh c no cng "n", vn l nh nhiu hay t. V bi vit c hn, v c nhiu loi flash khc nhau vi cng sut khc nhau, nn cch hay nht l tm hiu xem flash ca mnh khi nh full power th n xa bao nhiu v khi nh 1/2 v 1/4 power th xa bao nhiu, t quyt nh c n phi fill ch nh th no. Mc ch chnh ca flash trong trng hp ny l "fill" (v bn thn ch th sng ri), "freeze" ch (chp tc chm ch hay nhc nhch), v cn bng nh sng mu ca background v nh sng trng ca n flash.

nh trn bn c th thy ci bng ca ch (apham) ra pha sau l do n flash.

V chp tc chm (1/4s) lu nn c mt ci bng yu t pha trc v vin nh (do nh sng yu pha sau lng, khng bit u )

Vi tc ny nh sng trng v nh sng n ng "blend" vi nhau lm cho ch khng b m sc qu hay trng qu do n flash.

TIP 6: THE MIND GAME: NHNG IU CN BIT TRONG MT PHOTO SHOOT SESSION

y l tip lin quan n cch iu khin ch trong nhng iu kin nh sng, mi trng chp khc nhau. C th l Portrait v Wedding Session.

1. Cch iu khin (run) mt Portrait Photo Shoot Session: Phn ny bao g m Consultation Meeting, quan st nh sng, posing ch , gc chp, k thut framing, v communication (tm (quan dch l trao trng i trc nht). chp)

1a.

Consultation

Meeting:

khi

Nu c th c bn nn b ra khong 20 pht ti 1 ting tm hiu v quan st ch trc khi chp. Trong bui meeting ny iu cn nht l gy s tin tng cho ch , nn bn vi t cch l Photographer cn phi t tin trc th ch mi t tin c. Cch hay nht l show cho ch Porfolio (nhng nh mnh chp) ca mnh. Nu ch thch nh ca bn th s tin tng bn. y cng l dp tho lun v a im, thi gian, v trang phc chp. + a im v thi gian chp lin quan nhiu n cht lng nh sng. a i m chp cn nht l ni t ngi qua li ch tp trung v thoi mi hn. + Thi gian chp l khong 2 ting trc khi mt tri ln l l tng nht. Hoc khi m ch c th nhn thng vo mt tri m khng b nhu mt (squint). + Trang phc chp: V y l chp chn dung nn trang phc ch phc v cho s th hin ca ch (expression). Qun o cn nht l mu trn (1 hay 2 mu "solid"), nn trnh c sc, c ch, hnh nh tru tng...d gy s phn tm cho ngi nhn

nh. * Kinh nghim ca tc gi: Khi ch hi ti phi mc g Photo Shoot, ti hay tr li l "Mc ci g m bn cm thy thoi mi v t nhin nht NHNG ch nn mc mu trn, khng ch, khng hnh nh tru tng" (ch NHNG ng m hiu l s yu cu hn l s ngh). ("Wear whatever you feel comfortable with, being yourself BUT make sure the clothes have solid color, no text, no abstract images") ....thi em i ng, mai tip nhen.... :) c sa bi hafoto lc 06:29 PM ngy 23-02-2007 1b. Quan st nh sng: Trc khi bm my, bn phi xc nh cho c ngun sng chnh t u. Khi ti a im chp, nu l ngy my, th c bu tri s to nn loi nh sng tn (diffusing light), y l nh sng thch hp v l tng nht cho chn dung. V d v nh sng tn (diffusing light), tri my (nh di)

Loi nh sng l tng k tip l nh sng nh khi mt tri sp mc hay gn ln. Vi loi nh sng du ny, nu bn kho t ch th th khun mt s to nn t l highlight v shadow khng qu tng phn, nh nhn s kch tnh hn. nh sau chp lc mt tri gn t, phn highlight khng b chy (blown-out) v phn shadow vn gi c chi tit.

Nn trnh chp lc nng gt (gia tra), nhng nu phi chp th tm hng hin hay trong bng rm. Trong trng hp ny, nh sng t ngoi vo trong hng hin/bng rm s tr thnh ngun sng chnh. nh sau c chp trong hng hin trong mt ngy nng gt (harsh). nh sng HT vo t bn phi nh.

1c. Posing ch : Phn ny lin quan mt thit n gc chp v k thut framing. C bn nht v d nht pose l vai ch to thnh mt gc khong 45 vi hng my chp

nh di ti iu khin model ng yn v ti di chuyn qua bn tri, ti ngh model nghing u v pha trc mt t v....bm my. (lu hng chp v vai ch to thnh mt gc nhn.

Kinh in nhip nh i hi ch pose k lng t u, tay, ngn tay, chn, ng, ngi, n m....ti mc hon chnh. Lm nh vy thng lm cho ch cng thng ( kin ring ca hafoto). lm cho posing tr nn d dng, ngoi vai v gc my nu trn bn ch c n nh thm:

Mt t th pose p l mt t th m ch cm thy thoi mi, ging nh mt t th tht, b n ch iu chnh ch sao cho b cc tha mn.

Chi tay v chn nn nm trn cng vng mt phng vi u (plane) v hi gp khc to nhng ng cho dn ti mt ch .

nh sau 2 cnh tay ch to nn nhng ng gp khc v dn mt ngi nhn ti khun mt ch .

Ngoi kia t pho bng vui qu (July 4th), em ra coi, cht na vit tip :lol:

1d. Gc chp: Chn gc chp p khn nhng gip ta hiu chnh nhng chi tit trn khun mt ch v vc dng (xin xem tip "perspective" vit) m cn lm tng tnh a dng ca ch . S th hin ca khun mt (facial expressions) thay i tng giy mt v tng gc mt nn cn thit phi chp nhiu gc cnh khc nhau. Li im th 2 l gc chp cn gip ta loi b nhng chi tit ln xn background v gii quyt nhng trng hp nh sng kh chp.

Lu khi chp gc thp, yu cu ch nghing v pha trc trnh bin dng (thn hnh to v u b nh li)

nh di v nhng chi tit lt vt trn mt t nn ti chn gc chp thp v yu cu ch hi nghing v pha trc gim thiu s bin dng.

Trng hp gc cao gip ta trnh c nh sng trc tip t mt tri, v nn t tr thnh background. Tng t vy, yu cu ch ng ra pha sau trnh bin dng.

nh di ti chn gp chp cao n nh sng gt ca mt tri....

1e. K thut Framing: K thut ny cng nh hng n background. Vi k thut ny ta i ti (1) s chn la v quyt nh background nhiu hay t, v (2) khi no nn p dng k thut ny (xin c phn di). Nu bn chp bn chn dung (head and shoulder) th khi chp wide angle lens bn phi ng gn ch hn v bn s c nhiu background hn. Tng t vy, vi tele lens bn cng chp c bn chn dung nhng phi ng xa

hn v background s t hn

nh di chp Focal Length 35 mm ly ht bc tng.

Cng chp bn chn dung, nh di chp Focal Length 210mm, v background hu nh b loi b hon ton.

Lu quan trng: Khi chn Focal Length chp, cn phi cn thn n " ln" ca ch . Cng l bn chn dung nhng qua 2 nh trn, nh chp wide angle lens ch "b" v khng gian tri rng ra, nh chp tele th ch "ln" hn v khong khng gian nh gn li (compressed).

Nhng k thut trn nhm mc ch to nn nhng thnh phn c bn nht ca nhip nh (visual art ni chung) l: ng (line), dng (shape), hnh khi (form), cht lng ca b mt (texture), pattern (ci ny kh dch nh????), v mu sc (color).

Sau y l mt s khi nim c bn nht khi design mt tm chn dung. Posing p l s kt hp gia ch v ngi chp (photographer). Trong ngi chp ng phn quan trng hn. Quan trng hn l v ngi chp chn la, sp t, dn dng (ni chung l design) nhng thnh phn c bn ca nhip nh (photographic elements) nh line, shape, form,...v quyt nh thnh phn no s ng phn ch o trong tc phm ca mnh. Trc khi i vo phn "Communication" l phn c bit quan trng trong nhip nh chn dung, ta nn nm vi nt c bn nht trong vic design mt tm nh (vn khng n thun ch l posing)

1. Line (ng): y l thnh phn c bn nht ca nhip nh. Khi bn nhn vo viewfinder vn quan trng l bn phi nhn ra ng (xin xem cc tips trc v

ng

thc

ng

o).

nh trn, ch pose kh cng nhc, nhng vi k thut nghing my, ngi chp c th to nn 2 ng cho ph i ci "b ng" ca khung hnh ch nht. 2. Shape (hnh dng): S lin kt ca "line" to thnh "shape"

3. Form (hnh khi): Nu Shape l phn mt phng 2 chiu th Form ni v khng gian 3 chiu. Nhip nh l ngh thut thu khng gian 3 chiu ln nn mt phng 2

chiu, nn ngi chp cn phi to cho ngi xem nh c "cm gic" khng gian 3 chiu. gy n tng ny th ngun sng chnh lun c t chch v mt bn (sidelight) cho ch "ni khi". V mt k thut na dng trong photoshop c trnh by trong phn Retouch l "K thut Dodge v Burn".

nh di, ngun sng chnh ht t ngoi vo hng hin to nn nhng mng ti sng to "cm gic khng gian 3 chiu".

4. Texture: Mt th php thng dng trong nhip nh chn dung l nhn mnh v lm ni bt b mt ca da (skintone)... Ci ny i hi nh c nt cao (do ly nt tt, cht lng ng knh, v k thut sharpen) gy n tng cho ngi xem nh. Ty theo yu cu m i khi k thut "lght diffusing" c km theo gy cm gic "pleasant" cho ngi nhn (trng hp glamourous photography).

5. Pattern: (hnh dng lp i lp li) Mt cch d nht gy s ch v tp trung vo ch l cho ch ph i ci pattern. nh di nhng vung ca hng ro to nhng pattern b ph i bi ch

6. Color: Mt phng php rt thng dng trong nhip nh l "over-saturate" gy s ch . nh di mu xanh blue c over-saturated lm ni bt i mt xanh ca ch nm trn nn skintone mu (cng c saturated).

C l ti y bn t hi, chp mt tm chn dung m cn phi bit ngn y ? Tr li: Bn khng cn phi kim sot tng chi tit mt k trn t c mt tm chn dung t k thut. Nu bn thc tp nhiu th nhng k thut trn s tr thnh ci gi l trc quan (intuition). V trong khi chp (photo shoot session), bn s khng 1 pht bn tm v k thut chp nh m dn tt c thi gi iu khin ch t c ci thn, ci hn, v sc din cm (expressions) ca ch m nhng k thut trn khng to c. Ni tm li, mt t m nh chn dung c th t c v mt k thut nhng vn khng cho ngi nhn thy c ci thn ca ch l do thiu s lin lc gia ch v ngi chp....

7. Communication (iu khin ch ): Communication l mt k thut rt quan trng nhm lm ni bt ln nhng c tnh, cm xc, sc din cm ca ch . Photo Shoot l mt qu trnh th t v lin tc t cch x dng lens, chn khong cch chp, mt chp, hng dn ch pose, v d nhin k thut lm cho ch t tin v thoi mi. Sau khi chn a i m chp v xc nh c ngun sng chnh, 2 iu cn nh u tin l chn khong cch chp v hng dn ch pose. Lun lun bt u vi ci gi l "Working Distance". y l t chuyn mn trong nhip nh chn dung tm dch l "khong cch l tng". Nu bn nhn vo trong viewfinder tiu c 100 mm V frame c ch phn ngc v u (head and shoulder shot) th bn t c "Working Distance". Gi l "khong cch l tng", v ti khong cch ny ch cm thy thoi mi nht (phn ln ch rt nhy cm khi ng knh d qu st) v ti khong cch ny khng qu xa v khng qu gn gip bn iu khin ch m khng phi la to ln (khng ai thch b nghe ht).

nh trn chp tiu c 100 mm (nhng nhn gn hn l v chp vi digital Canon nhn vi factor 1.6, C'mon i khi thi m u cn phi chnh xc vy). Lu thm l vi k thut framing ch b tch ra hon ton vi background hn n. c sa bi hafoto lc 08:51 AM ngy 07-01-2008 i m th 2 quan trng l lun lun bt u vi t th da (ng hay ngi). Vi t th ny cho d model chuyn hay khng th t th da lun lm cho ch cm thy thoi mi v t tin nht.

nh sau ti yu cu ch ng khoanh tay (t th ny nhn rt th ng trong nhip nh kinh in), v vi k thut framing nh m loi b nhng chi tit lt vt chung quanh v hng ro pha trc kt hp vi k thut nghing my ti thc s ng gp vo t th pose ca ch ...(Lu khong cch chp ci gi l "working distance").

c sa bi hafoto lc 01:40 AM ngy 09-03-2008 iu khin ch bng li ni (Directing model verbally): Cng vi khong cch chp l tng bn phi lun lun khuyn khch, khen ngi, nu cn ngng m ch to cm gic t tin v phn khi cho ch . Nu ch c nhng t th pose v cch din cm l lng hi qu ng th bn cng ng c ch v tip tc bm my thm vi tm ri dng li gi v ngh gii lao (take a break) ph tan dng cm xc l lng .

Khi yu cu ch pose tay hay u bn ch cn ni ch khng cn chm n ngi ch . V d nh:

- Cui u xung t v nhn ln (ng c ly tay chm vo u ngi ta a Nghing (ng tay ln ra ngang pha ch tm sau v mt chu bn v vn vo lc th ln chp b chn l ngi mong trng t

) sau.

tng.

Cng vi vic dng li ni yu cu ch , bn phi di chuyn t gc chp l tng mi cho tng). ng qun, sau khi yu cu ch bn phi t ra mnh tn thng. Nhng li tn thng ging nh mt du chm m ch cn phi ngng li v tp trung v s l thi im b n bm my. V d: - ng ri (bm my), p lm (bm my), rt tnh (bm my) v.v..... - Wowww (click), excellent (click), man you look awnsome (click), i like that (click)....... Khng bao gi m (v d 1....2...3... chp nha). K thut ny rt t hi v hoc l ch s cho bn cm xc gi (fake expression) hoc bn s tng p lc ln ch (building up tension). V d sau c th s l ngh ca ch (trong ngoc) khi bn dng k thut m. - Mt (aaaa anh ta sp chp ri)....Hai (Gn chp ri c gng ln cn phi ch cao v nhon ming ci) ....v Ba chp n (nhe rng). Kt qu l bn s c n ci gi to (fake smile). Ngi ta ni khi ci i mt cng ci.... Thay v yu cu ch th hin mt cm xc no m bn tm kim, bn hy gi v nh ch c cm xc ri. V d: Wowww, bn nhn rt t tin (t nhin ch s chuyn qua thi t tin. V d 2: I like this look, it is very serious (model will act accordingly). c sa bi hafoto lc 03:30 AM ngy 09-03-2008 Tip 6: The mind game: Nhng iu cn bit trong mt Photo Shoot Session (tip theo)

Mt chp: L khong thi gian gia 2 ln bm my. K thut ny cng c dng tc ng ln trng thi tm l v cm xc ca ch .

Nu mt chp cao (khong t 2 giy -> 5 giy) th s gy cho ch cm gic hng phn. H c cm gic l mi c ch, ng tc u s c nm bt (captured) v iu ny nh hng n: 1. S tp trung v ch cao ca ch vo ng knh, 2. S t tin ca ch , phi lm sao cho h cm gic rng h nhn p nht, thu ht nht. Phi lm cho h tin rng "Woww! I am attractive, beautiful, handsome,....and look best, that is why he (the photographer) shoots non-stop"

Hn na khi bn bm my vi mt cao, st xut nh p s cao hn v v.....memory r m (kakakakka)

Chp mt cao thch hp vi "Active Posing". Ngha l ch chuyn ng v tm dng (pause) cho bn bm my v nhanh chng chuyn qua t th khc. V vy, gi dng cm hng cho ch khi h tm dng bn phi bm my ngay (cho d l bn cm thy pose cha hon chnh, b cc cha tt) cho h tip tc chuyn qua ng tc khc.

Nhng nh sau ti compose v chp ch trong vng 2 giy cho mi shot (Bn tm 2 v 4 cho d ch cha hon ton chun b ti cng bm my model tip tc chuyn ng).

Ni chung, khi bn a my ln nhn vo ng ngm l trong vng 2 ti 5 giy (cho d bn bit tm nh s compose sai, ng lo cht na delete) th vn bm my, nu bn ngm ngha qu lu, th ch s nghi ng v kh nng din cm cng nh b ngoi ca h. Nu bn cm thy cn thm thi gi compose mt tm nh th bn phi gii ngha ti sao bn lm vy ch bit rng h phi lm g cng tc vi bn v iu khng lin quan g n kh nng din cm hay b ngoi ca h. nh sau ti yu cu ch nghing u sao cho hng nh sng ch lm ni bt mt bn thi (window lighting), h bit rng ti cn thi gian t hiu qu mong mun.

nh sau ti iu khin ch (h bit h phi lm vy) sao cho 2 bc thang frame khun mt li.

Khi bn cm thy c s lin lc tin tng ca ch i vi mnh, th bc k tip l lm cho bui chp (photo shoot) thm phn hng th. Trc khi bc vo phn ny thng th bn nn cho model gii lao (take a break) v cho h xem qua nhng hnh c chp trn view finder (u i m ca digital). Nhng cch sau ti thng p dng lm cho bui chp thm phong ph: 1. Thay i khong cch chp: Ti giai on ny bn c th ph v khong cch kinh in (working distance) p st hay chp c li xa (ti y phn no ch cng hiu style chp ca bn ri). nh sau ti tin gn hn khong cch l tng c shot ny:

....nh sau c chp khong cch hn 10 mt:

2. Thay i gc chp: Bn c th th nghim vi nhng gc chp "extreme" gy hiu ng c bit. nh sau ti nm ngay di chn ch v yu cu h hi nghing v pha trc... c mt gc chp cc thp.

...v ngc li bn cng c th tm mt gc chp cao

3. Th nghim vi hiu qu c bit: Nu bn c wide angle lense, th y l lc nn tn dng chc nng ca n. nh sau ti tin tht st (cng gn th mc distortion cng cao) gy hiu ng c bit.

....hoc ch chp i mt m thi.

Mt s tips lm cho ch lun lun tp trung v active: 1. Thnh thong yu cu ch chp chp mi mt mt linh ng hn. Thng th sau 5 hay 10 pht tp trung i mt tr nn mt v nhn thiu linh ng. 2. Thnh thong yu cu ch "exercise" i mi trnh tnh trng mi di b th ra do mt. 3. Take a break v ni i chuyn ngoi l th gin ch . Vi kinh nghim c nhn tng kt phn iu khin ch : 1. i vi ti mt photo shoot ging nh l mt tr chi tm l t lc bt u ti lc kt thc. Lc bt u bui shoot mi quan h ca ti vi model nh l quan h mt chiu v ti lun phi iu khin v ch ng. Dn dn, model tr nn hng th v cui cng chnh h l ngi sng to ra kiu pose m ti ch gi . Bn thn ti nh gi s thnh cng ca bui shoot da trn mc cng tc v thi thoi mi

CUI BUI SHOOT. nh sau l kt qu ca s cng tc ca ch . Lc ny l cui bui shoot, ti v Chris i b ra xe v th ti nhn thy b tng chy di theo bi bin. Ti gi l phi ch b tng cao ln mt t th c th chp lm sao b tng lm thnh ng dn vo khun mt. Ch ni vy, Chris lp tc chy ti v qu xung p vo b tng ti bm my.

Cng cng bui chp vi Chris, ti bi u xe ti nhn thy ci ramp kh cao hn bnh thng, ti gi vi Chris l ti mun to mt tm nh nhn cn bng (symmetric) v sao cho ch tr thnh ngay trung tm ca nh v Chris rt hng hi pose ngay gia ng cho d xe c 2 bn lane ang ch (hehehe, sorry guys).

2. i vi ti, mt tm nh pose p l kt qu ca s cng tc 2 chiu gia photographer v model. V vy, trong tip ny ti hon ton khng cp nhiu n k thut pose tay, bn tay, u, chn .v.v.... v nu ngi photographer cho model cm gic l model phi pose ng th h s c cm gic p lc v iu nh hng rt ln n trng thi tm l ca model. Hn na vi k thut framing v vi s nhy cm v b cc nh th hu nh ngi photographer lun lun t gii phng mnh bi nhng l lut v k thut posing kinh in. nh sau t th pose tay ca Catherine rt static (bung thng) nhng c ta c nt th

hin rt thu ht vn l ti phi chn gc chp v nghing my thm ng nt dynamic trong b cc.

3. V cui cng ng qun i mt v i mi. i vi ti, ci thn ca cm xc l i mt (cng vi ming l 2 chi duy nht trn khun mt l c sc din cm). V vy trong qu trnh chp lun lun tp trung nhn thng vo mt ch v: 1. To mi lin lc vi ch (eye contact) 2. make sure nh sng khng to nn nhng vng shadow di hc mt.

nh sau ti phi di chuyn gc chp sao cho vng shadow khng ln mt ca ch v kt hp vi k thut framing mt tr thnh tm i m ca nh (b cc).

nh sau, mc d nng khng gt lm nhng chi lm cho mt ch nhu (squint), ti yu cu ch nhm mt li v m ti 3 (trng hp ngoi l cn phi m) khi ch va m mt ra nhn thng vo mt tri l ti bm my. Mc d b cc lch lc (thng cm v phi bm my lin m) nhng ci thn ca i mt ko li tm nh.