Catalytic Reforming Donald M. Little« Table of Contents Pretace ie Acknowledgments xi Introduction x Nomenclature and Unite xvi Chapter 1 Catalytic Reforming in Refinery Processing 1 Braue ar tafrng Fectocie tr Rtgs re {eiavieRolgming foe Sromatie 2 Sommary 2 Chapter 2 How Cvtatvtie Reformers Work—Chemica! Fiiomang Renee 18 FeocnockCmarsctsaon 24 Summary 26 Chopterd How Cats Rlormers Wor—Pracess Design 20 Rewclors 3 Procet Recovery 32 Riser Saeeons 39 Beoylscomrasar 38 Late a a Summarys ik Cogs Cag in Pai Chapter 47he Catalyst 40 ExryGoveopment «0 bei Stoity "se‘napter 5 Chapter 6 Sononeics Goats 8 {itv Peso" ‘Process Variables and Unit Operation 73 Fence ropores 7 ‘Space Voociy 63 Roseton Poseurs Fyetogcortysroarbon Ratio 90 Chow Tyee 3 onitering elermer Ooaation 81 horde and War Con 108, Sroublssaoung 110 salam” a8 tots ot baa a Fetoring Crashes Noprtc 117 Regeruaton 42h arson Burm 123 ejevenuon al atest 136 nial i” Mereaam Reson Sete 19 Soimtany 138 Reset ee Equitbrlum Distebuion ot Aromaties. 143 {oberatory Anahi for Aromotie 159 ey Commercial Processes 153 ota neering 88 Magnattmng. 58 Uiratorning: 189 Chapter 8 Feed Preparation —Nephihe Hydrotesing 175 vil Glossary Index Seet eT ame we Se oy Somer ee ‘ctane Numbers of Seeces Hyocarions 195 Rasa ropa of important eee Wir Mesn Oparings US. Seve Sas) 202 TempermureConvrson Cha 203 aa carer Commer aah Rong Monutecuras of torming Caulyste 209 Hyarocu bone in Straight Bate Stoke 210 Hyracerons in McconinantRaphinas 214 Propaties of Naps in World Cree Oi 218 mmPreface the ier uolended guinea rea Catalytic vetorming 3 ey process in petolur reining cone process which ries hight Sy cThie ee une proces which converts, on econo, iho ‘hanging carbon manirs i the molecule, gotinesaling aege lw ‘cline hydrocarbons (othe high-octane aus components reuired to fuelanromoliler ied! wih els oorerters and ensaon ca {eas The pos som n 1995 cowl igh elninate kad Cram gun tot in the United siatt nal m Euevpe. Aktongh oxygenated bd ‘lin, for examps sls and ashy etal, he hci es finer depo estan erg hapiha to hightane gaeline. tn the T8970, recayp of relormers nal ivsere st ht ctayts eh ener to mice lea ‘wed The 1985 prope ecto! Yd o sl ga oF lee Il give impetus co strge of ne Tow-presarereonmen designs to Doduve relornmte of 100 ROX clara higher “The high-octane hydentons hc gaaine bling ange peluced in reforning, ae primary mamatc yor, suet Benzene, tlacne, orbosvone, metaxslene. parssine, and Cy” aro tate Vhe arnt ae to nly reminding socks For motor Tu but sonic ae ain devi ss petotenas eh whith wie ‘ange of plate lin und bers are proces oll a solvents and Balesives, In fac, sate reforming i the source of 5 to 90% of There sve ano fei Toning especie ces and operated 0 prec Bor flue an sen for the ches argc. Sich retort are geraly ee 17 an! ‘One other produc uf comequenre fea ctalte reforming is By sages, Aroonrner sporting wih average eacor prenute of 100 pa ‘sl produce from 1 DOD S00 staal bic Feet Get) ar hyrogee per bare of charge fon 201090 in (SIMs oF ydgen4 20,00 farses per srcam day(s) reformer Catt reforming thu supplies large volomes of hydrogen-este for defuretion fenirteaon, un olefin sasraton cual Bydroveauing ot mph thet fol. dee eh aol and esa. ‘Gra ise hey to the etal retorning process, Reforoing ex astisa marvin te design and ably’ to perform speeiealy desired ‘homea reac and to esentily exe undebe eacon Tisesnglesration seem, the etal perfor Ith dehyde ati a! tndrogeration, bateron: bree eye ‘Seluatn teatons wah Snerotibleeliency aod shy, When the ‘Salt hs bos fouled wih coke, ican be egenetaled,rerensted, Sh estore righ peforrane ver Sd Oto agai The athe are compried of various combinations of crysis of plain sen, idm, germaniuin, or other such neal They Src supported an sions und uevally an adie promoter sich seh Tien li Uhe ata ead hs fetta anal or tuft, Ixenie the meu the suppor. a the preter al ‘Sie then sensmere cata retora web steam iy AH, Dhaneds ol artale ae been wren devesbiag new developiect ‘efor caste sechookgy Tey wel Ue st ater ther imo sale publi the any varied anpecs of exe c TH am hs cw main proses, Fit 10 inroduee ene se forming te thone ws hav no prt knowicdige of the press These Person wl be ieseted in ow ete reforming es ito efinery Processing, i works, 9d i present state of developstet The ccd pure ashe book to give she reforming teenologs ane ‘rar of une neu techooogy in Operation, performance, nd tube Showing Thy snot test om the theory Of cata eeforming No me be ade so design ane til reformer from reading thi Dk The ‘eral preset cers on proces problems af eperaing come al aug reluniers There usually diversity of swe to Fe forming quest This book stempts ost out goidlines to poi the sitios anh lorsolons There are many references NPRA QA ratucip here ae hers ton ile? Anjose wid 3 rele em nl ake we of the referenced sores Acknowledgments “This book coud be writen any Because many peuple Reed me long the way. Firm dere an the soggenion by GL Fara for the teed ofa bok on cata reforming. When the projec man begs, 1 received walle avsstance from Katheyne ie, Bren Bridger id tiers at PennWell Pang Co From ay 42 year refining expericce at Philip Petrteum Ca 1 cove grea deal wo whiny poopie: Aeknowedgenent met be ms to Gordon Allen, Dijon Lise nd Past Waid To ington and fidance during thine ety pent whem cai reforming ea ost Ergiming tothe potent More recent, George Conwtmtes.Fa ialayrma, Mack Poo, Lary Lew, Alavi Jolin sd Deu Son iomery were aly ling seas eer ehsogy Tanna overiah the Puls plant engines to will answered ‘my tamer repute data Hon wpe whe am grate to BRK Robina dor whut lin permiaion cu peruse data on Pilps onnereiaveforning ut he bck ou ail fa shor of ts objective. Herd rch atl Ray Who Texpren wy thachs forthe ob porwniy of serving thus many neu oa the NPRA QUA steering {omuiiee ad eerily co Herb for periisson to use de information {ror NPILA pulses. Tu sl Ube peope on the QEA screening cou ‘nice ho shared wil met capericices cle reform iv indead grateful Tain deluedw Fook Cita, Rober Dade, Vad Hace, Alex Oba, Manat Sti. el Waybe Warren for hori data fer ther 1950 ales" aed information Iter hae 1969" Any ere ‘rnin re incon, jealanIntroduction he fra cay tering unit went on seat November 19402 she Pan American Reine Corp, (dow Amero Ol Co) reine) at “Teens City. Texas! Hyefoeinny the nami ene techsogy 8 nebo eee unk wih wa eacons an regeneration amd to On process The cabs is alot Dw molybdenum oxide on acted ina granules or pelts To eens Ue tai roforing wae all outcome of eat aly developments in petoleum processing the 1980s. Teri racking of pith, gold rel dsiaced rebnazy Pro essing the ea 180 Huy cae cracking» Bed bed ena ‘ricing proceay, Coneived amd developed by Rue J oud) went Sin sear in 1987 4 the Sut OO Co. rfinery i Sle Pook Poss spbania? Pevroleum vehnalogas no doubt sav de pol for ee sine application ofetalytcprocesng ex replaernet Cr thermal eracking tinaphtha, The icenive was higheroxtane number geoiae aie remedies (AL the tine Mere was» push fOr higher ona Motor ony The ance on Toy italic cracking inicies Sun Oil was v= ‘expire. Howry process becsure Sun was one ae ew corpoie tung eral ead (TEL as ctanesmhber boone, a they were Conztrned about meeting etpeiton Ac the suse tie, «ote compa hes Toresw dat in ahe eve of wat, there would be» far greater “Ss for high-octane ation gazing then toma cracking o nap ‘a could produce "hk ier 6. The Conran of Fapene Hout othe Deepen fC Se tear Cd ce a eeHyrfeing waethe only catalyse forming processn we ding Work! Wor Thine uns wets bt Dloe the wi and Se mae were Konsrucad caring she mat Cashte reforming tae 2 iporiot Curation tN war elfor, producing taluene for sinivonluene (ENT, for exponves) and for otaion yale: Cyeovesion. > process {evelope by Mili Peaotewr Co about 1940, rate she ean her of srighers tapheka by derlfuraon over a bavete tly ‘ju 104 the unite mere mae le, to combine deasfueantion a fetocining. Reloraing wat tad, Octane number gain was general Tg rescue atm mbets (RON) clear 12-20 RON 1 9 mt Tih dena and there ware Year pened fllncng the war no ew eau rere na UWrtver the sonal nary dst mo ot ew pote ats sve dened ow higher-octane gaulin. Cats eforing as the bet sep sessing reBnerer. atfoning f combination of plain and reforeig) way a ssounced by Caine Ol Prefs Cn tom UOP Ine in Batch 1949, This proces nan the at commercial reforming teehology fo ure & stat contig Paforming echinology ws firs sed cannery in Qc 1249 ‘ona vesnmped thermal reformer ag Old Duc keting Co's Fetinety fe Ssontegon, Michigan" Three hows afer step the wl went dose beese of high reatrshell rien war s00n Solved a the nit mate ao = wine moar fs ic taroed ut, ctate refi was jt gelog god sr {ihn ve wears ofthe yrouinceren of the UOP proves ie te Catling proces were ire wo he petetcun it {a eros development af eaaytie reforming ts shown Tale “Tivo cunrais the desig and operation of ental reforms fof he 19505 wih thse Gf 1984. Calpe eforming hus come slog ace abe “Pe ring Sten ec” ngs Cenc yt boca etre Mages Sean Gstalytic reforming brocesses i i 3 Ieirning lummooucion