Greening the Development to Combat Climate Change

Dr. Rajeswar Jonnalagadda Director (Training & Research) Centre for Climate Change and Environment Advisory (CCCEA) Dr. MCR HRD Institute of AP Road # 25, Jubilee Hills. Hyderabad Mobile: 9490381992 / 9248032072 Email: ccc.dir@hrdiap.gov.in rajeswarj@gmail.com

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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

The Journey of Development

Economy as the Engine of Development Energy as the fuel for Development

Equity as a sort of Seating Arrangement for all

the Commuters Environment, as the Green-Track, with Signboards Entropy manifested in Pollution and Disorder
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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

An Introspective of Development
Principle of Social-Ecology
Appropriation of Natural Resources and

Institutions Social-Darwinism Genetic Determinism and Eugenics Structural Violence as defined by Johan Galtung Unlike direct violence, structural violence is the institutionalized impairment of basic securities Historic Examples Current Examples
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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

The Giant Footprint of Economic Growth

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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Climate Change
What is It? Established Anthropogenic Contribution Implications of Climate Change

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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Impact of climate change on water resources

Decline in the glaciers and the snowfields in the

Himalayas Increased drought like situations due to overall decrease in the number of rainy days over a major part of the country Increased flood events due to overall increase in the rainy day intensity Effect on groundwater quality in alluvial aquifers due to increased flood and drought events Influence on groundwater recharge due to changes in precipitation and evapo-transpiration Increased saline intrusion of coastal and island aquifers due to rising sea levels
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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Implications of Climate Change

Loss of weather-sensitive Livelihoods Hunger and Starvation Poor Water & Sanitation Conditions Nexus between Poverty, Malnutrition and Morbidity Resurgence of Tropical Communicable Diseases Displacement and Migration due to Frequent Floods

and Droughts. Rise in sea-level and Intrusion of Sea water into Coastal Lands Climate change has become a major hurdle in the accomplishment of the Millennium Development Goals (especially MDGs 1 & 7) in India
10/11/2013 CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Climate Change Vulnerability

Climate Change Vulnerability is defined as the extent to which climate change may

damage or harm a system. It depends not only on a systems sensitivity, but also on its ability to adapt to new climatic conditions

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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

CCVI: IPCC Definition

The extent to which a natural or social system is susceptible to sustaining damage from climate change. Vulnerability Index is a function of:
The magnitude of climate change, The sensitivity of the system to changes in climate and The ability to adapt the system to changes in climate

A highly vulnerable system is one that is highly sensitive to modest changes in climate and one for which the ability to adapt is severely constrained
10/11/2013 CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Climate Change Vulnerability Index Map

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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Indias Vulnerability to Disasters

India supports 1/6th of the worlds population on just

2% of worls landmass Nearly 59 % of Indias land area is prone to earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity Over 40 million hectares (12 % of land), is prone to floods Close to 5700 km of its 7500 km coast line (about 76%), is cyclone prone and exposed to tsunamis and storm surges 2% of land is landslide prone 68% of Indias arable land is affected by droughts
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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

HUNGaMA on Food Security

Development that is anamolous 42% of children in India are underweight and malnourished One-Third of children in Andhra Pradesh province in India are malnourished

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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

The Carbon Footprint of Agriculture and Forestry

Agriculture accounts for 13.5 percent of all GHG emissions Land use change and forestry represent 17.4 percent of all GHG emissions Thus, AFOLU account for more than 30% of the total anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions Agriculture accounts for about 60% of N2O and 50% of CH4 emissions
10/11/2013 CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture

Climate change may reduce irrigated wheat yield by 30

percent Climate change may reduce irrigated rice yield by 15 percent Climate change may reduce tropical rain-fed agricultural yield by 50 percent

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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Mitigation potential of Agriculture and Forestry

Mitigation of GHG emissions in Agriculture and forestry

may be seen as a co-benefit whilst increasing productivity in a climate-resilient manner Mitigation potential of Agriculture 5.56 GtCO2e/yr This is equivalent to more than a fifth of the fossil carbon contribution to the global carbon emissions Mitigation potential of Forestry 5.4 GtCO2e/yr

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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Transportation: Cause/Consequence of Urbanization?

Peak private vehicular density has already crossed

170 vehicles per lane kilometer 50 percent higher than the basic requirement. On current trends, over the next 20 years, peak vehicular densities may reach as high as 610 vehicles per lane kilometer, requiring up to five hours for an average journey in peak morning traffic. Reverse Migration possible with Integrated Transport Planning

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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Unique features of Indian Transportation

Dominance of 2-wheelers makes a shift to public

transport much more difficult to achieve Rising income creates an urge to own a personal vehicle (Declining number of two-wheelers, substituted by cars) Poor social image of the bus usage Disrespect to NMT Out of 85 cities with over 0.5 million people, only 20 have a structured bus service
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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

National Policies Related to Environment & Climate Change

Indian Energy Conservation Act 2001 and BEE
National Water Policy, 2002 Disaster Management Act, 2005

National Environmental Policy, 2006

National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007 National Bio-Fuels Policy, 2008. Indian Forest Rights Act, 2008 Coastal Regulation Zone, 2011 National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2008
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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Conventional Policy Frameworks: a Common man critique

Mostly ad-hoc and reactive more as an

afterthought rather than proactive and futuristic Learning through doing if not trial and error Marrying in haste and repenting in leisure Tend to be incremental with piece-meal approach, averse to Paradigm-shifts, thereby trying to postpone the inevitable Inherently open-ended leaving scope for gaps (if not lapses) in execution
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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Response to Climate Change

Mitigation & Adaptation: a Dual Approach to Tackle Climate Change Mitigation is more of a Top-Down, MarketMediated, Technological solution to Climate Change Adaptation involves Multi-stakeholder Governance and Management with a Bottom-Up

Approach

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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Adaptation to Climate Change Involves

Living with climate change by means of Food Security Water Security and Sanitation Health Security Livelihood Security Energy Security and Empowerment Equity Inclusive Growth
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National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)

National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on Sustainable Habitat National Water Mission National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem

National Mission for a Green India

National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
10/11/2013 CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Interdependence of Inclusive-Growth & Adaptation to Climate Change

Both involve peripheral and marginalized

communities. Institutionalized Empowerment of stakeholders Bottom-up approach People Centric and pro-poor Both emphasize on decentralized development for less carbon-intensive economic growth
10/11/2013 CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Need for a New Development Manifesto

Going Beyond Money-Metric Methods, in prioritizing the

Development Indices Renewable Energies for a Conservation-based Development Benign Technology and Sustainable Economy Informed Consent and Involvement of Stake-Holders in Decision-Making Participatory Democracy for a Decentralized and BottomUp Development Inclusive Growth Less Carbon Intensive Growth
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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Green Balance

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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)

Thank you

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CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)