Fault in Power Syslem

Various types of unsymmetrical fault occur in power system. They are:

a)

Shunt type fault.

Single line-to-ground (L-G) fault.

i) ii) iii)
h) i)

Line-to-line (L-L) fault.

Double line-to-ground (L-L-G) fault.

Series type faults:

Open conductor
(one

or two conductor open) fault.

So power system faults can be broadly divided into two categories.

A)
B)

Short circuit fault

Open circuit fault.

A)

Short circuit fault:

The following definition of a short circuit is taken form an IEEE standard.

"An abnormal connection (including an arc) of relatively low impedance,
whether made accidentally or intentionally, between two points of different potential

is called short circuit. Note: The

term

fault or short circuit fault is used

to

describe a

short-circuit". Symmetrical faults. L-G faults, L-L faults. L-L-G faults arc included in
this type of fault. This book deals with short circuit fault only.

B) Open Circuit Faults

Open circuit fault is the series type unsymmetrical fault. An 1EC (International

Electrotechnical Committee)-Slandard has the following definition of a series fault.

"A fault for which the impedances of each of the three phases are not equal, usually
caused by the interruption of one or two phases is called series type fault".