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S GIO DC V O TO K THI TUYN SINH LP 10 THPT
H NI Nm hc: 2012 2013
CHNH THC MN: TON
Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht
Bi I (2,5 im)
1) Cho biu thc
4
2
x
A
x
+
=
+
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc A khi x = 36.
2) Rt gn biu thc
4 16
:
4 4 2
x x
B
x x x
| |
+
= +
|
|
+ +
\
(vi x 0, x 16).
3) Vi cc biu thc A v B ni trn, hy tm cc gi tr nguyn ca x gi tr
ca biu thc B(A 1) l s nguyn.
Bi II (2,0 im) Gii bi ton sau bng cch lp phng trnh hoc h phng trnh:
Hai ngi cng lm chung mt cng vic trong
12
5
gi th xong. Nu mi ngi lm
mt mnh th thi gian ngi th nht hon thnh cng vic t hn ngi th hai l 2 gi.
Hi nu lm mt mnh th mi ngi phi lm trong bao nhiu gi xong cng vic?
Bi III (1,5 im)
1) Gii h phng trnh
2 1
2
6 2
1
x y
x y

+ =

2) Cho phng trnh :
2 2
(4 1) 3 2 0 x m x m m + = (n x). Tm m phng trnh c
hai nghim phn bit x
1
,

x
2
tha mn iu kin
2 2
1 2
7 x x + =
Bi IV (3,5 im) Cho ng trn (O; R) ng knh AB. Bn knh CO vung gc vi AB, M
l im bt k trn cung nh AC (M khc A v C), BM ct AC ti H. Gi K l hnh chiu ca H
trn AB.
1) Chng minh t gic CBKH l t gic ni tip.
2) Chng minh

ACM ACK =
3) Trn on thng BM ly im E sao cho BE = AM. Chng minh tam gic ECM l
tam gic vung cn ti C.
4) Gi d l tip tuyn ca ng trn (O) ti im A. Cho P l mt im nm trn d
sao cho hai im P, C nm trong cng mt na mt phng b AB v
. AP MB
R
MA
= .
Chng minh ng thng PB i qua trung im ca on thng HK.
Bi V (0,5 im) Vi x, y l cc s dng tha mn iu kin x 2y, tm gi tr nh nht ca
biu thc M =
2 2
x y
xy
+
.
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2
BI GII
Bi I: (2,5 im)
1) Vi x = 36, ta c : A =
36 4 10 5
8 4 36 2
+
= =
+

2) Vi x , x 16 ta c :
B =
x( x 4) 4( x 4) x 2
x 16 x 16 x 16
| |
+ +
+
|
|
+
\
=
(x 16)( x 2) x 2
(x 16)(x 16) x 16
+ + +
=
+

3) Biu thc B (A 1) =
x 2 x 4 x 2
x 16 x 2
| |
+ +
|
|
+
\
=
2
x 16
l s nguyn
x 16 = 1 hay x 16 = 2 x = 15 hay x = 17 hay x = 14 hay x = 18
Bi II: (2,0 im)
t x l s gi ngi th nht hon thnh cng vic x + 2 l s gi ngi th
hai hon thnh cng vic. Vy ta c phng trnh :

1 1 5
x x 2 12
+ =
+
x = 4
Vy ngi th nht lm xong cng vic trong 4 gi v ngi th hai lm xong
cng vic trong 6 gi.
Bi III: (1,5 im)
1)
2 1
2
x y
6 2
1
x y

+ =

2 1
2
x y
5
5 [pt(2) 3pt(1)]
y

+ =

y 1
2
1
x
=

x 2
y 1
=

2) = (4m 1)
2
12m
2
+ 8m = 4m
2
+ 1 > 0, m
Vy phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit m
Ta c : x
1
+ x
2
=
b
a
= 4m 1 v x
1
.x
2
=
c
a
= 3m
2
2m
Do , ycbt (x
1
+ x
2
)
2
2x
1
x
2
= 7
(4m 1)
2
2(3m
2
2m) = 7 10m
2
4m 6 = 0 m = 1 hay m =
3
5

Bi IV: (3,5 im)












A
B
C
M
H
K
O
Q
P
E
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3
1) T gic CBKH c hai gc i

0
90 HCB HKB = = nn t gic CBKH ni tip trong
vng trn ng knh HB.
2) Gc

ACM ABM = chn cung

AM v

ACK HCK HBK = = v cng chn cung

HK .
Vy

ACM ACK =
3) Xt 2 tam gic MAC v EBC c hai cp cnh EB = MA, AC = CB v gc gia

MAC =

MBC v cng chn cung

MC nn 2 tam gic bng nhau.

Vy ta c CM = CE v

0
45 CMB = v chn cung

0
90 CB = .
Vy tam gic MCE vung cn ti C.

4) Xt 2 tam gic PAM v OBM
Theo gi thuyt ta c
. AP MB AP OB
R
MA MA MB
= = . Mt khc ta c

PAM ABM = v cng
chn cung

AM vy 2 tam gic trn ng dng.

V tam gic OBM cn ti O nn tam gic PAM cng cn ti P. Vy PA = PM.
Ko di BM ct d ti Q. Xt tam gic vung AMQ c PA = PM nn PA = PQ vy P l
trung im ca AQ nn BP cng i qua trung im ca HK, do nh l Thales (v HK//AQ).
Bi V: (0,5 im)
M =
2 2
x y
xy
+
vi x, y l cc s dng v x 2y
Ta c
2 2
1 x(2y)
M 2(x y )
=
+

2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
x 4y x y 3y
4(x y ) 4(x y )
+ + +
=
+ +
(Bt ng thc Cauchy)
=
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 3y 1 3y 1 3 2
4 4(x y ) 4 4(4y y ) 4 20 5
+ + = + =
+ +
(Thay mu s bng s nh hn).
Suy ra Max
1 2
M 5
= khi x = 2y, do gi tr nh nht ca M =
5
2
t c khi x = 2y.
TS. Nguyn Ph Vinh
(Trng THPT Vnh Vin TP.HCM)