naTia qoiava pragmatuli idealizmi filosofiaSi, pragmatizmi da idealizmi urTierTsapirispiro Tezebad moiazreba.

idealizmi uaryofs pragmatulobas, moraluri principebis gamo. pragmatizmi ki uaryofs moralur principebs, praqtikulobis gamo. [Richard Field. John Dewey (1859-1952). Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.] zemoaRniSnuli udavod aqtualurs xdis arasworad gagebuli pragmatizmisa da idealizmis urTierTwinaaRmdegobis kvlevas da mecnierulad dasabuTebuli pragmatuli idealizmis koncefciis popularizacias jer akademiur, Semdgom ki sazogadoebriv sferoebSi da saxelmwifo struqturebSic. ra aris pragmatuli idealizmi? misi definicia SeiZleba ase CamovayaliboT: es aris eTikur imperativad keTilSobiluri idealebis ganxorcielebis filosofia. mis Tanaxmad, maRali idealebis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro kompromisebze uaris Tqma iseve amoraluria, rogorc idealebis uaryofa, racionalurobis TvalsazrisiT. pragmatuli idealizmi cxovrebis stilia, rodesac cdilob, moaxdino am ori sruliad gansxvavebuli koncefciis elementebis harmoniuli kombinireba, rac saSualebas mogcems, gadarCe Tanamderove, maRal konkurentul, cvlilebebiT da gamowvevebiT savse samyaroSi, ise, rom sindisic sufTa gqondes da arc idealebze uaris Tqma mogixdes. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, rodesac ocnebob ukeTes msoflioze, usamarTlobis, SimSilis, siRaribis, Cagvrisa Tu omis gareSe, isic kargad ici, rom am ocnebis asasruleblad, pirvel rigSi, unda gamofxizlde da Tavdauzogavad imoqmedo. pragmatuli idealistebi arian adamianebi, romelTac sjeraT, rom es SesaZlebelia, axerxeben mis ganxorcielebas cxovrebaSi da ewevian pragmatuli idealizmis koncefciis, misi upiratesobebis popularizacias sazogadoebaSi; romelTac surT, Secvalon sakuTari Tavi, garSemo myofi adamianebi, TavianTi qveyana, da gavidnen ufro globalur masStabebzec; romelTac sakmaod optimisturi ganwyoba aqvT TavianTi qveynisa da mTlianad samyaros pozitiuri transformaciisa da ukeTesi momavlis mimarT; amavdroulad, sakmaod myarad dganan miwaze, kargad aqvT gaazrebuli arsebuli realoba da isic, Tu risi gakeTebaa SesaZlebeli am TvalsazrisiT. pirvelad, termini praqtikuli idealizmi mahaTma gandim gamoiyena. Tavisi cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi, mahaTmas araerTi brZola uwarmoebia usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg, satiagrahebis (Seupovroba WeSmaritebaSi, araZaladobrivi brZolis formebi) saSualebiT. mas sjeroda, rom araZaladobrivi qmedeba erTaderTi gza iyo im xalxis Tavisuflebis mosapoveblad, romelic mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi, monobaSi imyofeboda. satiagrahas mizani mowinaaRmdegis mokavSired da megobrad gadaqcevaa, vinaidan iTvleba, rom sindisze zemoqmedeba gacilebiT efeqturia, vidre - SiSi da Zaladoba. [Gandhi, M.K. Some Rules of Satyagraha Young India (Navajivan) 23 February 1930 (The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi vol. 48, p. 340)] 1

gandis Teoriis Tanaxmad, Zaladoba, adre Tu gvian, ufro met Zaladobas iwvevs, maSin roca Zaladobaze uaris Tqma borotebis spirals wyvets da mtris Tanamzraxvelad gadaqcevis saSualebas iZleva. gandi satiagrahas ganixilavs ara rogorc sustis, aramed suliT Zlieris iaraRs. yvela es brZola, satiagraha samxreT afrikaSi, Camparanis brZola Tu samoqalaqo daumorCileblobis moZraoba, mimarTuli iyo realuri problemebis winaaRmdeg. es ar iyo Tavisuflebisa, damoukideblobisa Tu samarTlianobis abstraqtuli ideebi. aramed, es iyo sruliad realuri miznebi, ris misaRwevadac xalxs unda ebrZola. mahaTma gandim maT uCvena gza, moepovebinaT Tavisufleba da aseve, epovaT simarTle sakuTar TavSi. ratom unda vixelmZRvaneloT am filosofiiT da ratom unda vaqcioT igi Cveni cxovrebis wesad? xom ar jobia, vakeToT, rasac vakeTebT, vimuSaoT, fuli gamovimuSaoT, davqorwindeT, davtkbeT cxovrebiT da gadawyvetilebebis miReba Tu samyaros gakeTilSobilebis ideis ganxorcieleba politikosebsa Tu arafris maqnis meocnebeebs mivandoT? ra Tqma unda, ara. Cven unda vixelmZRvaneloT am filosofiiT da viswrafvodeT Rirebuli da sasargeblo Sedegis miRwevisken, ara imitom, rom es Cveni movaleobaa, aramed imitom, rom Cven es SegviZlia. imitomac, rom samyaro TavisiT ar gakeTilSobildeba. es mxolod maSin moxdeba, Tu Cvens Tavs Zalas davatanT da gamovalT Cveni komfortis zonidan, Tvals gavusworebT samyaros Cven irgvliv, realobas, romlis winaSec vdgavarT da vimoqmedebT. samyaro da movlenebi Cven garSemo Seicvleba mxolod maSin, Tu Cven gvinda, rom Seicvalos. Tu ufro Rrmad ganvixilavT, pragmatuli idealizmis koncefcia moiTxovs, monawileobde cvlilebebis istoriul procesSi da ar iyo dakavebuli mxolod sakuTari piradi cxovrebiT; aqtiuri monawileoba miiRo procesebSi maSin, roca Seni Sinagani Rirebulebebi Sens qmedebas moiTxovs. aseve mniSvnelovania am qmedebisTvis saWiro unarCvevebisa da codnis SeZena, raTa iyoT praqtikuli da efeqturi. gacilebiT ufro advilia, umoqmedod ijde, iwuwuno, an sxvebi akritiko. magram bevrad ufro sasargebloa, adge da imoqmedo, Tanac, sakuTar TavSi ganaviTaro mtkice rwmena, rom Sedegs miaRwev. arasodes ifiqro, rom uZluri xar, piriqiT, Zalian bevri ramis gakeTeba SegiZlia. yovelTvis, roca Seeswrebi, win aRudeqi usamarTlobas, arasodes Sewyvito zrda, iyavi informirebuli, iswavle da aswavle sxvebsac, aRimaRle xma, roca SegiZlia, da xandaxan maSinac ki, roca ar SegiZlia, dadeqi aramarto sakuTari, aramed, sxva adamianebis uflebebis sadarajoze. amaze germaniaSi moRvawe protestanti mRvdlis, martin nimoeleris cnobili gamonaTqvami maxsendeba: rodesac nacistebma waiyvanes komunistebi, me gavCumdi, radgan me ar vyofilvar komunisti. rodesac nacistebma waiyvanes profkavSirelebi, me gavCumdi, radgan me ar vyofilvar profkavSireli. rodesac waiyvanes ebraelebi, me gavCumdi, radgan me ar vyofilvar ebraeli. kaTolikebze gadavidnen da xma ar amomiRia, radgan kaTolike ar vyofilvar... Semdeg me momadgnen... da aRaravin iyo darCenili, xma rom 2

amoeRo... [Robert Michael, Theological Myth, German Antisemitism, and the Holocaust: The Case of Martin Niemoeller, Holocaust Genocide Studies.1987; 2: 105122.] am Tavbrudamxvevi siswrafiT mzard, cvalebad samyaroSi, Zalian xSirad imis SekiTxvebi: SeiZleba Tu ara, dRevandel pirobebSi, iyo idealisti? SeiZleba Tu ara, moipovo materialuri keTildReoba ise, rom moaxerxo Rirebulebebisa Tu idealisturi ocnebebis SenarCuneba? am kiTxvebs calsaxad vupasuxeb, rom diax. ufro metic, es aramarto SesaZlebeli, aramed, arsebiTad mniSvnelovania, Tu ar ginda, rom Sua xans gadacilebulma, erT mSvenier dilas, depresiulma, martosulma, sakuTari cxovrebisgan gaRizianebulma gaiRviZo. adamianebma unda moZebnon gza, raTa gaxdnen pragmatulebi, idealisturi emociebiTa da miswrafebebiT da idealistebi, pragmatuli azrovnebiTa da qmedebebiT. moeqeciT sxvebs ise, rogorc Tqven gindaT, rom mogeqcnen. es rCeva gamarTlebulia rogorc zneobrivi, ise pragmatuli TvalsazrisiT. [Alissa Wilson, Ann Barham, John Hammock, Practical Idealists, Practical Idealists: Changing the World and Getting Paid, publication: November 30, 2008, pg. 228] pirad urTierTobebSi, yvelaze mniSvnelovania, adamianebs humanurad da pativiscemiT moeqceT. adamianTa umravlesobisTvis ufro advilia, Tavazianad moeqcnen iseT adamianebs, romlebic maT gvanan. xolo gansxvavebuli rasis, socialurekonomikuri klasis, erovnebisa, Tu eTnikuri warmomavlobis adamianebTan urTierTobaSi, zogjer, problemebi aqvT. es samyaro imdenad pataraa, rom adamianTa umravlesobas urTierToba uwevs maTgan Zalian gansxvavebuli tipis, cxovrebis wesisa Tu Sexedulebebis mqone adamianebTan. pragmatulia swored imis swavla, rom icxovro am gansxvavebulobebiT. ufro metic, daafaso da sasargeblod gamoiyeno es gansxvavebuloba, radgan swored aseTi gansxvavebuli adamianebisgan Semdgari sazogadoebis urTierTSeTanxmebuli moqmedebaa Zalian didi sargeblis momtani. gansxvavebuli adamianebis aseTi sinergiuli qmedebiT gacilebiT meti Sedegi miiRweva, vidre TiToeuli maTganis mier calcalke miRweuli Sedegebis jamia. Wabua amirejibisa ar iyos, Cven sxvadasxva xmaze vmReriT da kontrapunqtSi verTiandebiT. ar arsebobs Tanxmoba im Tanxmobaze didi, romelic azrTa sxvadasxvaobiT miiRweva. [Wabua amirejibi, daTa TuTaSxia, Tbilisi, 1975] am gansxvavebulobebiT cxovreba ar niSnavs, rom sxva adamianebis cxovrebiTa Tu realobiT icxovro. es niSnavs, am adamianebis mimarT iyo tolerantuli, daexmaro, mxari dauWiro, Tavazianad moeqce maT. iyo pragmatuli, niSnavs, TiToeul adamians pativiscemiT moeqce da Rirseba arasodes Seulaxo. pragmatuloba sulac ar niSnavs, win ar aRudge imas, rac SenTvis miuRebelia, xma ar aRimaRlo, roca Seni an sxvisi uflebebi irRveva, Seeguo usamarTlobas an mtkiced ar daicva sakuTari poziciebi. pragmatuloba niSnavs, gesmodes sxva adamianebis Sexedulebebi, Rirebulebebi da mosazrebebi, iyo keTilganwyobili maT mimarT, yuradRebiT da 3

TanagrZnobiT mousmino sxvebs, dro gamonaxo maTTan urTierTobisTvis, daafaso TiToeuli adamiani. zneobrivad gamarTlebuli qmedebaa uangaro daxmarebis gaweva adamianebisadmi, anu altruizmi. altruizms ganixilaven, rogorc erT-erT mniSvnelovan Zalas, romelic adamians sazogadoebrivad sasikeTo qmedebebisaken ubiZgebs. Tumca, socialur fsiqologiaSi, aseve vxvdebiT reciprokuli (ormxrivi) altruizmis cnebas, rac niSnavs imas, rom erTi adamiani exmareba meores, radgan saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, misi mxridanac moelis altruistuli moqmedebis ganxorcielebas. [Robert A. Baron, Donn Byrne, Blair T. Johnson, Exploring Social Psychology, 4th edition.] aq ukve Cans, rom aseTi qmedeba pragmatuli TvalsazrisiTac momgebiania. altruizmi, instinqtebis doneze, cxovelebSic ki gvxvdeba, da adamians, moazrovne arsebas, miT ufro unda esmodes, rom zneobrivi qmedebebi, TanamSromloba, tolerantoba, pluralizmi, urTierTdamokidebuli qmedeba, solidarobisa da ndobis maRali xarisxi, swored racionaluri gaTvlebis Sedegi unda iyos. adamians azrovneba da bevri sxva SesaZlebloba cxovelebisgan gamoarCevs, Tumca, rac ufro axlos swavloben biologebi cxovelebs, miT met msgavsebas pouloben Cvensa da sxva cocxal arsebebs Soris. cxovelebs marTlac SeuZliaT erTmaneTis movla, aqvT loialuroba TavianTi faris, jogis an xrovis mimarT. gavrcelebuli Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, es mainc instinqtebis doneze xdeba. isini icaven sakuTari modgmis wevrebs, TavianT naSierebs. garda amisa, exmarebian maTTan aranaTesauri gvaris warmomadgenlebs, raTa raime miiRon sapasuxod - e.w ormxrivi altruizmi. ucxour presaSi, araerTxel daibeWda statiebi imis Sesaxeb, rom uangaro megobroba, grZelvadiani erTguleba, erTmaneTisTvis Tavis gawirva, aramxolod adamianebs axasiaTebT. statiebSi saubaria gareul Simpanzeebze, heirsa da elingtonze, or mamal maimunze, romlebic erTmaneTs ar enaTesavebian, Tumca erTad nadiroben, iyofen saWmels da Taviseburi yviriliT ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs, rodesac calcalke arian Sor manZilze. am or maimuns mecnierebi sakmaod didi xnis ganmavlobaSi akvirdebodnen. maTSi xSirad SeiniSneboda erTmaneTisadmi uangaro daxmareba da samsaxuris gaweva, anu, ara ormxriv altruizmad cnobili saqcieli. rom aRaraferi iTqvas im xangrZliv periodze, romelsac sxvas verafers davarqmevT Tu ara, glovas, rasac heiri elingtonis sikvdilis Semdeg ganicdida. aris aseve sami, moxuci dedali delfinis istoriac, romlebic sarasotas yureSi cxovrobden. isini saaTobiT da TveobiT atarebdnen dros erTad, TamaSobdnen, curavdnen da isvenebdnen. trio sanadirodac erTad dadioda, maT urTierTobaSic kargad Canda uangaro xelSewyoba. msgavsi, TiTqos warmoudgeneli urTierTobebis magaliTebi mecnierebs Zalian bevri aqvT. axla kidev ufro dakvirvebiT cdiloben amoicnon aranaTesauri saxeobebis damegobrebis saidumlo. aseTebia cnobili ku da behemoti, kata da yvavi, Rori da maimuni... jerjerobiT 4

amouxsnelia, Tu rogor megobrdebian iseTi cxovelebi, romlebsac faqtiurad araferi akavSirebT da romlebic, xSirad, erTmaneTis mtrebic ki arian. mtacebelsa da potenciur nadavls Soris urTierTobis magaliTebi gansakuTrebiT ucnauria da mas, jerjerobiT, sxva veraferiT xsnian Tu ara - megobrobiT. cxovelebisgan gansxvavebiT, adamiani moazrovne arsebaa da Tu CavTvliT, rom rom solidaroba da empaTia inteleqtualuri demarSis sferos ganekuTvneba, am mxriv, mas gacilebiT meti moeTxoveba. magram sinamdvileSi, es rogorc cxovelSi, ise adamianSi, instinqtebis donezea Cadebuli. laparakia ara gadawyvetilebaze, aramed avtomatur procesze. Svedma profesorma, ulf dimbergma, Caatara eqsperimenti, romelmac gamoavlina emociis gadadebis uneburi xasiaTi. moxaliseebis Tvalwin, ekranze, xdeboda adamianebis saxeebis demonstrireba, romelTac hqondaT xan bednieri da xan ki moRuSuli gamometyveleba. paralelurad, mecnierebi, specialuri danadgarebis meSveobiT, afiqsirebdnen saxis kunTebis aqtivobas. monawileebs Tavazobdnen, gamoexataT sruliad sawinaaRmdego gamometyveleba imisgan, rasac xedavdnen ekranze gaeRimaT, roca xedavdnen, daRvremil saxes da piriqiT moRuSuliyvnen, roca xedavdnen gaRimebul, bednier saxes. 120 moxaliseze Catarebulma cdebma gamoavlina rom isini bolomde ver flobdnen saxis kunTebs. maT Zalian uWirdaT gaRimeba daRvremili saxeebis yurebisas da piriqiT moRuSuli gamometyvelebis miReba momRimari saxeebis danaxvisas. isini mTeli Zalebis daZabviT cdilobdnen bunebrivi reaqciis gakontrolebas, magram specialuri danadgaris mier dafiqsirebuli maTi saxis kunTebis aqtiuroba sapirispiros miuTiTebda. kunTebi Zalauneburad imeorebdnen ekranze danaxul gamometyvelebas, miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianebi sul sxvas rames cdilobdnen. es imdenad ewinaaRmdegoboda empaTiis fsiqologiur gaazrebas, rom Zalian Zneli iyo amis daSveba. kidev ufro Zneli iyo dajereba imisa rom zog socialur cxovelsac aqvs empaTiis gancda. sxvisTvisTvis daxmarebis gasawevad aucilebelia perspeqtivis danaxva, sxvisi gagebis da sxvis adgilze sakuTari Tavis warmodgenis unari. mkvlevarebs unaxavT, rogor Sveloda erTi Simpanze meores, romelsac axrCobda kiserze Semoxveuli Toki. es Simpanze mivida momakvdav SimpanzesTan, wamoayena is erTi TaTiT da meore TaTiT moxsna mas maxrCobela Toki. mas SeeZlo, daxmarebis surviliT, Tokis gamoqaCva da daxmarebis magivrad, dasaxmareblis mokvla. Simpanzes aqvs empaTiisTvis aucilebeli ori unari: erTis mxriv, tanjulis TanagrZnobis unari da meores mxriv, goniereba, romelic iZleva 5

ubedurebaSi Cavardnilis mdgomareobis Sesabamisi gadawyvetylebis miRebis saSualebas. empaTiis es forma namdvilad adamianuria, magram is zog cxovelsac axasiaTebs. mkvlevarebi didi xania amtkiceben, rom socialur cxovelebs, mwerebis CaTvliT, axasiaTebT altruistuli qceva. magram daujerebeli Canda is rom es qmedebebi SeiZleboda yofiliyo motivirebuli, ise rogorc es adamianis SemTxvevaSi xdeba. ZuZumwovrebsa da frinvelebze gavlenas axdens sxvaTa emociebi, iziareben maT da SeuZliaT sxvebisTvis daxmarebis gaweva. Catarda aseTi eqsperimenti or maimun kapucinTan: erT maimuns uwvdidnen or obieqts. Tu ki igi erTerT maTgans airCevda, jildod iRebda vaSlis naWers. xolo Tu igi airCevda meore obieqts, maSin vaSls jildod aZlevdnen orive maimuns. maimunebi, rogorc wesi, irCevdnen gadawyvetas, rodesac jildo orive maimuns ergeboda. yvelas gvinaxavs, rogor icaven gareuli kameCebi sakuTar naSiers da erTmaneTs, lomebis Tavdasxmisgan. (msuqana, erTi Sen gaxarebas miTxari, bolos rodis iyavi afrikaSi safarize?!!!oTar qoCoraze ;)) gvinaxavs iseTi amaRelvebeli momentebi, roca deda kameCi Tavis pirmSos lomebis xaxaSi tovebs, bedis anabarad, ifiqreb, rom gaswira, ukanmouxedavad garbis... wuTic ar gadis da ukan mTel jogTan erTad brundeba. amis mere iwyeba yvelaze STambeWdavi da saintereso: kameCebi lomebis mTel praids ise mimofantaven, rogorc mxdali afTrebis xrovas, ar anebeben pataras, romelic isev cocxalia, SuaSi moiqceven da TavianTi sxeulebiT faraven mas. amas Tamad SeiZleba vuwodoT empaTiis, Tanadgomis, solidarobisa da sinergiis erTerTi saukeTeso magaliTi. empaTia da solidaroba adamianis bunebrivi mdgomareobaa, Tumca Sejibrisa da konkurenciis suliskveTebiT gaJRenTil Tanamedrove samyaroSi, adamiani gaafTrebiT cdilobs, Tavi gadairCinos da am yoveldRiur brZolaSi Cabmuls, es Tandayolili, aspeqti, romelic masSi lamis instinqtis doneze devs, aviwydeba. konkretulad Cveni qveynisTvis ki, kidev erT realur problemasa da sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis safrTxes warmoadgens erovnulsaxelmwifoebrivi SegrZnebisa da konsolidaciis nakleboba; solidaruli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ararseboba an misi alag-alag, sustad gamoxatuli niSnebi. urTierTTanadgomis, altruizmis, ndobis, TanamSromlobisa da tolerantobis deficiti. adamianebi, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, gulgrilobas iCenen TavianTi moyvasis, sazogadoebis wevrebis, maTi problemebisa Tu winsvlis, warumateblobisa Tu gamarjvebebis mimarT, an, uares SemTxvevaSi, erTmaneTs mtroben 6

da cdiloben, garSemo myofi adamianebisTvis zianis miayenebis, gaTelvis, Seuracxyofis, uflebebis darRvevis, interesebis Selaxvisa Tu CaZirvis, pirovnuli ganadgurebis fasad, gadarCnen, win waiwion, warmatebas miaRwion. Cveni ubedureba amJamadac egaa: CvenSi moRalateni sWarbobdnen erTgulebs, gana Tu sxvisi, sakuTari Tavis, Tavis xalxis moRalateni... roca xalxs amdeni moRalate Sina hyavs, makedonelic ver gaamarjvebinebs mas... ...odiTganve ase mogvdgams qarTvelebs, mudam Cvens simcires mivstirodiT, radgan mteri auracxeli gvyavda mudam, magram didkaci Tu gamogveria, mas ise davkortniT, rogorc dakodil Zeras yvavebi". konstantine gamsaxurdia. warmatebuli qveynebis magaliTebi gviCvenebs, rom sazogadoebrivi interesebis piradi interesebis samsxverploze mitana, moralurze rom araferi vTqvaT, arc pragmatuli TvalsazrisiTaa gamarTlebuli da ufro metic, ukiduresad sazianoa, rogorc piradi interesebis, ise mTeli sazogadoebisa da mTlianad qveynisTvis. istorias mravlad axsovs, rom ama Tu im saxelmwifos arseboba dausrulebula mxolod imitom, rom saxelmwifoebrivi SegrZneba, konsolidaciisa Tu Tanadgomis suliskveTeba ar gaaCnda. swored amaze werda saukunis win ilia WavWavaZe: vai im xalxs, romelsac saerTo ZarRvi gauwyda. vai im qveyanas, saca saerTo sisxli gaSra, saca yvelaSi TiTo ar aris da TiToSi yvela, saca TviToeuli yvelasaTvis ar hfiqrobs da yvela TviToeulisaTvis, saca me xSiria, da Cven iSviaTi. amisgan gansxvavebiT, msoflio istoriaSi, aseve gvaqvs magaliTebi, roca urTierTmxardaWeram, konsolidaciam, Tanadgomam, samagaliTo solidarobam, zneobrivma qmedebebma pragmatuli TvalsazrisiT momgebiani Sedegebi moitana. (misamarTi!) da miuTiTe sad konkretulad! sabWoTa kavSirSi, baltiispireTis qveynebis cxovreba iseTive iyo, rogorc danarCeni sabWoeTis. arsebobda disidenturi iatakqveSa dajgufebebi, romelTac, ra Tqma unda, xelisufleba devnida. Tumca, 1980-iani wlebis bolos, gamovidnen ra iatakqveSeTidan, aseTma dajgufebebma aSkara brZola wamoiwyes sabWoTa reJimis winaaRmdeg. gaxSirda studenturi gamosvlebi. 1988 weli metad cvalebadi da meryevi iyo am qveynebis istoriaSi. protestis kulminacia aRmoCnda sami qveynis samagaliTo solidarobis sayovelTaod cnobili movlena: 1989 wlis 23 agvistos, 600 kilometrze, talinidan, rigis gavliT, vilniusamde, daaxloebiT 2 milioni estonelis, latvielisa da litvelis xelixelCakidebuli, uwyveti cocxali jaWvi gadaiWima. amiT litvelebma, latvielebma da estonelebma gaaprotestes 1939 wlis 23 agvistos molotov-ribentropis paqti, romlis ZaliTac sabWoTa kavSirma da germaniam urTierTSoris gaiyves aRmosavleT evropa da Sesabamisad, baltiispireTic. am unikalurma movlenam mTeli msoflios masmedia moicva. 7

cxadia, reJimmi usisxlod ar Seurigdeboda misi damxobis mcdelobas. samive respublikis dedaqalaqSi adgili hqonda sulisSemZvrel tragediebs. situacia mTel sabWoeTSi ukiduresad daiZaba. mixeil gorbaCovi axal-axal daTmobebze midioda im imediT, rom modernizebul sabWoTa kavSirs SeinarCunebda. magram respublikebma damoukideblobis gamocxadeba daiwyes. amis precedenti jer kidev 1990 wels Seiqmna litvis saxiT. Semdgom mas latvia da, 1991 wlis 20 agvistos, estoneTic mihyva.(misamarTi!) jer kidev 1991 wels daiwyo molaparakebebi evrokavSirTan da natosTan gasawevrianeblad. baltiispireTis qveynebis uaxlesi istoriis gadamwyveti momenti 2002 wels, kopenhagenis evropul samitze dadga, sadac maT oficialuri miwveva miiRes natosa da evrokavSirSi gawevrianebaze. 2003 wels, sxvadasxva dros, qveynebSi Catarebul referendumebze, mosaxleobaTa umravlesobam mxari dauWira am gadawyvetilebas. 2004 wlidan ki samive qvyana am organizaciaTa sruluflebiani wevria. meoce saukunis 40-ian wlebSi daniaSi cxovrobda 6 000-mde ebraeli. meore msoflio omis dros, rodesac germaniam daniis okupacia moaxdina, ra Tqma unda, daiwyo masobrivi devna daniaSi mcxovrebi ebraelebisa. pirveli, rac germanelebma moiTxoves, iyo, rom ebraelebs daemagrebinaT lurji samklauri warweriT, me var ebraeli, da aseT mdgomareobaSi gamosuliyvnen centralur moednebze. danielebma pirveli saswauli Caidines: uklebliv yvela danielma, mefis ojaxis CaTvliT, Tavisi sicocxlis riskis fasad, mklavze miimagra warwera sityvebiT me var ebraeli da gamovida daniis centralur moedanze. cxadia, germanelebma im dRes verc erTi ebraeli ver aiyvanes da angariSsworeba imave RamisaTvis gadades. swored im Rames danielebma meore saswauli Caidines: TiToeulma danielma Tavisi ojaxis sicocxlis riskis fasad, piradi naviT, mdinareze gadaiyvana da CrdiloeTiT gaapara im periodSi nacisturi reJimis mier umowyalod Cagruli ebraeli eri. germanelebma, im RamiT, 500 ebraelis xelSi Cagdeba mainc moaxerxes. daniis xelisufleba mesame saswauls sCadis da okupirebuli qveyana (dania), okupant qveyanasTan (germaniasTan), sakuTari saxelmwifos da saxelmwifoebriobis riskis fasad, iwyebs mZime molaparakebebs nacistur reJimTan danieli ebraelebis gaTavisuflebis Taobaze. saboloo jamSi, daniurma saxelmwifom da danielma xalxma mizans miaRwies da 6 000 ebraelidan, mxolod 2 daisaja sikvdiliT, danarCeni ki, danieli xalxis uaRresad maRalma TviTSegnebam, sakuTari Tavis, ojaxisa da saxelmwifos riskis fasad ganxorcielebulma qmedebam da samagaliTod Zlierma solidarulma saqcielma ixsna. (misamarTi!) ra aris is pragmatulidealisturi midgoma, romelic qarTvels aklia? ratom xdeba, rom aseTi xelsayreli geografiuli mdebareobis, mSvenieri da mimzidveli bunebis, tye-mindvris, mTa-baris, miwa-wylisa Tu havahaeris, saarako istoriuli warsulisa da mdidari kulturis mqone eri, romelsac arc niWi da talanti, arc unari da arc ambicia aklia, rom 8

msoflios mowinave qveyanaTa ricxvSi moeqces, amdeni xnis ganmavlobaSi, erT adgils tkepnis da ver axerxebs erTian, damoukidebel, suverenul da demokratiul saxelmwifod Camoyalibebas, romelic evropul ojaxSic da msoflio asparezzec Rirseul adgils daimkvidrebs? aq ese unda iyos 1. an dimitri uzanZis azriT...., an 2. amasTn dakavSirebiT, Cven viziarebT dimitri uznaZis mosazrebas..... qarTvels aklia daJinebiTi miswrafeba erTxel dasaxuli miznis ganxorcielebisaken, romelsac veraviTari dabrkoleba da siZnele ver spobs; mudmivi, dauRalavi Sromis unari, TavdaviwyebiTi Wapanis weva patara saqmeebis iseTive seriozulobiT keTeba, rogorc didi saqmeebisa qarTvel xalxs es Tviseba ar aqvs. misi guli da misi neba harmoniulad feTqs. guli ainTeba-nebac moqmedebs, magram guli male civdeba da nebis majiscema umalve wydeba. iSviaTia CvenSi iseTi adamiani, romelic energiis gamZleobis mxriv sagrZnoblad ar koWlobdes. patara saqmeebi Cvens guls ar anTeben da uamisod ki Cveni neba ar iZvris; didi saqmeebi ki gvafeTqeben, magram guli manamde civdeba, sanam saqme srulqmnis dones miaRwevdes, da gulTan erTad nebac dundeba da dawyebuli saqme anazdad wydeba amitom aris, rom Cveni arsebobis niadags Cvenve vaniavebT da bednieri metoqesTan brZolaSi mudam vmarcxdebiT. sakuTar saqmes ki gambedaoba da iniciativa eWirveba da Cvens xalxs es aklia; uamisobaa, rom Cven sxvis sawvel furad gvaqcevs da sakuTar dovlaTs sxvebis sakeTildReod gvadebinebs. aqtiuri xasiaTi, Zlieri neba ai, ra aklia qarTvelobas da Cveni aRzrdis sistemac marto aqeT unda iyos mimarTuli. Cven mudam unda gvaxsovdes, rom glaxebi da monebi imitom ki ara varT, rom Ratakni varT, aramed Ratakni mitom varT, rom glaxebi da monebi gaxlavarT, da Tu ram gvWiria, yovlis uwinares, aqtiuri xasiaTia CvenTvis saWiro. dimitri uznaZe. Tu gvsurs, mivaRwioT im Sedegebs, romlebzec mTeli saukunea vocnebobT, swori prioritetebis gansazRvris, sasurveli momavlis xedvisa da misi saboloo suraTis (Sedegis) gonebaSi daxatvis, idealisturi miznebis dasaxvis, maTi miRwevis racionaluri gzebisa da strategiebis SemuSavebis Semdeg, saWiroa, gadavdgaT pragmatuli nabijebi, gamoviCinoT aqtiuri xasiaTi, Zlieri neba, gambedaoba, mondomeba, iniciativa; viswavloT pasuxismgeblobis aReba sakuTar saqcielsa da mis Sedegebze, mtkice gadawyvetilebis miReba da daJinebiT swrafva dasaxuli miznisken, dauRalavi Sroma da patara saqmeebis didi seriozulobiT keTeba. 9

yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom adamianebma, SeiZleba sulac ar akeTon didi saqmeebi, magram akeTon patara saqmeebi didebulad. amasTanave, rac yvelaze mTavaria da TiToeul Cvengans marTebs, es aris Zlieri TviTdiciplinis gamomuSaveba, rac dagvexmareba dasaxuli grZelvadiani miznebis ganxorcielebaSi, Tavdauzogavi SromiT, SeCerebisa da modunebis gareSe, mas Semdeg, rac is enTuziazmi da suliskveTeba gaivlis, romelSic es miznebi daisaxa. @ naTia qoiava. pragmatuli idealizmi. Tbilisi 2013w.

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