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    Vacuum Tube Basics

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    Vacuum Tube Basics

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pdf
    31 views17 pages

    Amp 1

    Uploaded by

    GWBlaine
    Vacuum Tube Basics

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 17
    UNTUNED POTENTIAL AMPLIFIERS: 41 Ba Consideration 1 uty eras atin & shor gin an amplifier than is posile with «single ani sae ‘wake he apie ingen mn highs rin, tn ott potential from on sage serving athe inpat potential 10 the wat aoe ‘Ammo of factors inenes the ines a the eharctvnien of thei tagen which mt be id ta meet erin prvi pee ied eesiemente, Among the factors which mst be taken intone ‘mphnedoxgn are the total overall gain required, the shape of the frequonrs-exponse ehareteritie and the oval bandwidth. Corti fnetonexi hich pone init othe moat which may Be eheved, tong there being the Inborent oie goverated a mich devies The Tenure for atbily of operation pone severe practical reste tion on the teniqies of construction, Bocas of the sora factors ‘hat pla apart in amplifor desig, git in antes of hon 10% o 120 dh potential gain, ae exteemely difienkto achieve Depending on the Trt consernone, ali eo eee se tone stages tn sera for stable operation. teem rion eed in te se af mich nts ampliors ‘To calralate the overall gui and frquoney reponse of mulitage ampiter. the equivalent crit ofthe amplifier mist be drawn. Te ram aceampising this are even in Sec, 28. "he estat equa Tent networkin thon analyz aa conventional problem In we ec snes ’A vaety of coupling network between the easadedstnges aro por sie, nd fee havo become very’ commen, ether remit ime Dito lease of ome epeciliy tenet character, "A me Fre ofthe mone common ten wil he considered in thi chapterin some det 42. Resistance-Capactance (R() Coupled Amplier. The resist sncecapavitanee (RC) coupled ampli, Hsvated in Fig. 41, one ff the more mmo and more nportant ample crite. This ampli for iret in aed when m sentir constant nmplifeation over ie "ange of frennencies is desire. By the nse of tubes with high amplifies tion factor, itis possible to achieve a gsin of 50 oF more per sage, Tt will be found that high-vin trodes possess certain inherent diandvan- tages, and iti frequently desirable to use penta instewl, It pentetes sto used, the seroonjwtestiat must remain constant; otherwise the follow. ing analysis vill no longer be valid ‘The eapacitors Cs, Cs, el Cs in thi achematie diagram ate known as coupling, o Hocking, capacitors and serve to prevent any dee patentials that are present in one stage from appearing in awathee stage "hat i capacitor serves to pnevent ane dhe potential inthe ip fren appear ing scross the grid rosistor Ry, and this changing the de aperat ing level of the amplifier, Coparitor Ce ervex m similar fiction in eating stage Fe stage 2. The vale af the coupling wapaciturs ix determine esti of m twostagr FC ele ampli brimarily by the Lf anuplifvation. ‘They ordinarily range from abont 001 t0 O11 af for conventional af stages The resistor Ra which orem as the grid restr, furnishes a path hy which the rid-iae supply is applied to the grid. 16 alsn servos asa leak path theeigh which nny tlectrons that may’ he collectad by the grid from the elestron stream within the the may he retumed to the cathode, If wich a leak path vere not provided, the grid wom acquire # nogntive potential with the ‘olletion of the elertrons, thus inflencing the operstion of the tubes A negntive-bine supply potential is ordinary used and the ri sucrt Isuually very smell.” Thic permite the use of reatively large restuners for Ry ey from 50 kilos to 2 mogohms, Large valuos of fare deci, thle in achieving a wide frequeney response, The load reslstor ff la ‘itermined principally iy the gain and the frequenoy bandwidth that ane desired, will he shown helen ‘The equivalent cirvit of the amplifier of Fig. 4-1 ie shown in Fig. 42. ‘This circuit is valid for tries, tetrodes, or pentaen provided thet the seen potential of the fatter two is minintnined emnstant, In this i ‘it By denotes the ae input potential applied tn the grid of the stage. This potentint appears across the parallel combination consict, ing of the resistor fy in parallel with the init impedance to the wmpli, fet. The intoreletritsenpacitances are not shown on the dageany, hat their effect is contained in the effective input empacitance Cy to each stage, That i, the iapnt impadanen of the stage is considered to com biise & resistance (assumed positive) in parallel with the input epaci- tance, It iv also supposed that the impesiance of the driving source low, mo that the loading hy tho total input impedance of the fret stage {doesnot affect the inpnt potential, ‘The output cireut ofthe fet atnge Contin of the load resistance, the coupling capacitance C,, output tube fand wiring capacitances, and he total input impedance of the recond singe, ‘Thin i denoted 99 Ry and Cy foe the tal rsitivn and enact five components, The output of the amplifier isthe potential across the intput impedance, which i denoted by the rymbol Z.. This impedance ‘eannot bet specified more completely until the nature of the output ci. cuit in known, "The conpling between the grid end the plate of the tubes through the interlectrmle capacitances can he neglected aver a wide frequeney ange ‘sith pentorls and over the sf range sith trodes. Consequently each stage may be considered ns independent of the following stage, bat the ‘output of one singe isthe input to the next stage. Ase rewult, it fo: Tow that sine Es __otpnt potential of tat stage Ke = EF ~ npn potential to Ist shige and x _ ott potential of 2a stage By 7 Inpnt potential to Bl stage output poteutial of 24 staxe ‘nitpat potential of It stane Ke then the cemultant overall gain is By _ ovttnt potentin of 2 stage Kg Tpit potential &o 1 follows froma these expressions that K = KK By taking twenty tines the logarithm of the magnitidle of thie expression 20 logee KE = 20 logss Ky + 20 loge 42) 4 follows from this that the total decibel potential gsin of the multi ‘age amplifier is the sun of the decibal potential gains of the separate ages. This fact in independent ofthe type of interslage coupling 4-3. Analysis of RC Coupled Amplifier. A typical stage of the RC coupled amplifies in considered in detail. This tno might represent any of group of similar stages of 01 ampliier chain, exeept perhaps the sit © in 4 tpi sng of an rap ampli (e) Poteiakane nt ut stage. Representative sulsvvipta have been omitted. ‘The equiva Jent cit is given in ite vn feria in Fig, 4-8 ‘The typieal stage wil ho analy by to metivds inorder to show the features ofthe metus. One method wll empley the Millman theoronn, supplied to Fig. 4-52. The sevond method will employ a atrightfor, ‘sad junetion solution of Fig. 43h A ivect application of the Millman thworean hetycen the points an I File the expression EY, Bo Wo Ve, Fe, a) whore Yo = fut Wey ~ 1/Bay Ney = ll Ave appicntion of this thee ram etsean the pitts? amt yield the expression wh here Ys = Arg and Ys ~ W/Re By combining Ba, (2) with Ba. (44) tnd wolving for the gain K = Es/Ryy, ince Bay = By there resulta

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