1960-2007

,

2008
1960-2007

.
. ,
, ,
, ,
,
, (Barro & Sala-i-Martin 1992,
Abramovitz 1986). ,
(Gibson 2002).
,
,
(Bliss & de Macedo 1990). ( )
. , 1955
( 15 ,
1980-1995), (social
capability, Putnam 1999a, 1999b, Abramovitz 1986) (Palloix 1981, Coriat 1984, 1990)
.
1 3,4% 1960 2008, 2,3% -15. ,
2008 5 1960
-15 3 ( 1).

Annual Macroeconomic Data Base .

1960-2007
. 1960 =100
500
EU-15

450

Gr
400

E
P

350
300
250
200
150
100
1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

1960-2007, , ( ) -15. ,
: 1960
1979, .
, 1980-1995,
-15 . 1996
2007, 75%
15 .
,
-15, : 2,
3 4.

(15-64 ). .

15-64 . .

1960-2007
( )
1960=100

550
500

EU-15
Gr

450

E
400

350
300
250
200
150
100
1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

1960-2004
3,6% 2,3% -15. ,
2007 5,2 1960 3 -15 ( 2).
, ,
1960-2007 .
, 95%
-15 (
82% ).
, . 1985, , 17% ( 3).
,
-15, 75% 87%. , , ,
.

 .
,

. ,
. (Busch 1987),
(
)
. ,

.
,

(1979-1995).
,
(Fitoussi 1995, Liem 1998).
1996-2007
( , , )
1996-2004
2005-2007.
3

1960-2007
140

EU-15 =100

135
130

Gr

125

120

115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005


. ( ) ()

, ()


. (Mingione 2002) ,
(Esping-Andersen 1990).
, ,
:

.
( ).

( )
.

( ) ( .
Meillassoux 1980).

.

(Iakovou 2001).

, .

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-

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.


.
, ,

.
. ,
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:
, ,
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, . , ( ) , ,
.
,
, . (Abramovitz 1986), (Putnam 1991),
.

,
.
, 1991-1995,
. ( ) (McCombie & Thirlwall 1994).
( 4)
90 -

 , 1960-1973.
( 5). 1980
,
.
, / ( ).
4
200

1961-2007
2000=100

190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120

2007 = 111

110
100
1995 = 88

90
80
70

1990 = 68

60
50
1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

: Ameco Database DG ECFIN

, 1974.
,
1995
2000.
,
. 1996
,
( 6).
.

 1995, , ( 7). : ,
( ),
,
,
.
2007 81% 15 .
5

78

% 1978-2007
( )

76

74

(%)

72

70

68

66

64
1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005
: Ameco Database

1960-2007
( % )
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004

7
8

(%)
1960-2007

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004

 8
150

1960-2007

140

( ; 1960=100)

130

Gr

120

E
P

110
100
90
80
70
60
50
1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

,
: ( )
,
. , ,
. ,
, , . ,

15 .
,
( ).

.
.

10


1960-2007,
3,4%.
. .
1960,
15% 2007
.

1960-2007. .
1980,
.
( 9) , .
9 ,
1960-1973, 1974-1985 1986-2007 ( 2004).
9

%
10

7
6
5
4
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2
1
0
-1

-2
1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002

11

 (1960-1973), .
.
(, ,,
, )
,
.
1980. (1960-1973), .
. ,
.
1960, , , ,
. 15% 1980, 20% 25% ,
.
: , ,
.

.

,
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, . 1970 , ,

. ,
,
. ,
1960-1973, 10% ( )
(, )
( ),
.

12

 ( ), , .
(1974-1985),
. 1980,
1960-1973 . 1974-1985 ,
, .
,

, .
.
( 1985, ), , ,
. 1980,
, . '80, (Ioakimoglou & Milios 1992) 5. 1986, .

. , 1986-1991,
. , ,
.
.
(1991-1993)

1994.
1996 2007 -

, 1985, .

13

 .
, 1986-2007, . ,
.
1986-2007
,
. 1986-2007
. ,
,
(Mitsos 2002).
, , ..

(Dimelis 2004)
.
, ,
. ,
. , .
, ,
. (2000, 2001),
1990,
.
'90 - - .
, , , .
.

14


,
, .

,
,
, .
,
, , , , , ... ,
.
. - (Selwyn 1979, Lipietz 1985,
King 1982) :
, , , , , , . , ,
. , , 1960 2007, ,

. (micro-firms), ( 2002, 2003), .
: . , .
. , ,
, ,
, , .
, .

15

 . ,
. , ,
.

( 1996). , , ,
15.
.
.


, .
.

. , , 1990 , . , .
.
.
.
,
( , , ...).
,
. ,
.

16


'60. o 1970 ,

. , ,
, .
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1990. 1996-2004
.

, .
, (Boyer &
Durand, 1993) ,
, , ( 2001).
,
, ,
.
,
. . . , , , - , , . , , , , .

, . (working poor),
, , fast-food, . -

17

 18%-25% , -15.
, :
, ,
.
, ,
(ICT),
ICT

. ,
.
, 1990, .
(2002-2004). ,
, .


.
.
.
. .
, 2004, , -
, ( , 2004).

.
, , , .

18

.
.
,

,

.

, .

, ,

, ,

, ,

, ,

, , 1990,

,
,

, .

(
) . :
, ,
, .
.
.

19

 , , . , , .
,
, . , ,
, .
: ,
. , ,
. ,
, ,
:
, , , .
,
,

, ,

,

,

,
,

, .

2007, 18% ,
1990. 1960
1970 1993.
1994-2002 . -15
.

20

 .
: , , 1985, . 83% , .
( 10) , 15, 1997 1998. ,
- 15,
( 2 ). ( 15 24)
25% (35% ). ,
30 54 , (breadwinner) .
( 2005, 8,9% 2,6%) . (
15 ' ,
) .
15.
( 6% 9%).

21

 10

(%) 1960-2007
20
Gr

18

16

E
14

EU-15

12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

12%. 41% (48% 1992) 15% -15.

. (Stratigaki & Vaiou 1994). , , . ,

,
. . , , , 18%-25% (EIRO, 2004). 5% 20%
. , ,
(8,2% 1,7% - 15).
.

22

 ,
. , (bonus) ,
.

. ( ,
) .

23

 1.

6

-15

2005

65,2

60,1

2005

57,4

46,1

2005

72,9

74,2

2005

58,7

59,5

2005

3,7

14,4

2005

72,5

62,7

(% )

2005

14,7

40,8

(% )

2005

20,2

5,0

2005

14,3

11,8

2005

71,0

66,8

2005

78,9

79,2

2005

63,2

54,5

2005

7,9

9,8

2005

8,9

15,3

2005

7,0

6,1

15-24

2005

16,7

26,0

% -

2005

3,3

5,1

% -

2005

3,7

8,9

% -

2005

2,9

2,6

2002

1,7

8,2

-
(% )
(% -

(% -

(%
)

: Eurostat, Employment in Europe 2006,

Structural Indicators

1564 .

( + )
15-64 .

24

 2
(2003)
-15

16,3

0,3

0,3

18,7

12,8

0,7

0,9

7,9

14,7

17

4,1

, ,

6,2

6,3

3,4

2,5

9,4

5,6

7,7

7,4

6,9

6,4

10

4,3

4,7

3,9

1,1

1,3

: Eurostat, Employment in Europe 2004

25


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