Chopter 4 Energy lnput into o Multi-Moss System

4.1

Elostic Responses
Modol Anolysistn)

4.1.1

In the same manner that the energy input in one-mass systems is explained by the elastic responses of the systems, the energy input in multi-mass systems, or systems with multiple degrees of freedom, may be characterized by elastic responses. An effective method of analyzing elastic responses is the mode superposition method (modal analysis). In this chapter, multi-story structures are replaced by shear struts, and modal analysis
is applied to obtain their

cn
tr iB

characteristics.

When the height-to-width ratio of a building becomes large, the transformation of the building with a shear strut is not adequate, since flexural deformation cannot be disregarded. However, many buildings with medium height can be represented by shear struts. Shear deformation in a shear strut is demonstrated in Fig. 4.1, where height at an arbitrary point is expressed by x and horizontal displacement is expressed by y. The

Gn

fbr

shear force,

Q, and the slope of deflection, Ayf6x, are related by

O:
where

ftr
"u*
(4.1)

G: shearing rigidity.
The vibrational equation for undamped elastic systems subjected to ground motion, zo, is written

jto
ffi

*?,"where

*t"'*): - *#

(4.2)

tn:
by

mass per

unit length of strut.

To
Gqrdi

Setting the right-hand side ofthe above equation at zero, free vibrations are expressed

*',+ expressed by

*("y):,
as

(4.3)

Free vibrations can be obtained by summing the products of the mode functi on, ,

x, and the time function, 4, expressed by t,

hr ffii