Lin h: thanhlam1910_2006@yahoo.

com
1
BI BO CO MN HC
MN: QUANG HC NG DNG
GV: PGS.TS. HUNH THNH T
HV: TRNH TH QUNH NH
QUANG HC K18
1a. Tn sc mode l g ? Tc hi ca tn sc i vi s truyn sng trong si
quang.
Tn sc mode l hiu ng cc xung nh sng b m rng khi ch ng truyn qua
si quang a mode, do s khc nhau v vn tc nhm ca cc mode, dn n s khc
nhau v thi gian truyn.
Hiu ng tn sc mode gii hn tc m cc xung ln cn c th c truyn
m khng chng ph ln nhau.
1b. Hy chng minh s tn sc mode nh hng n si quang c chit sut thay
i lin tc (GRI N) t hn so vi si quang c chit sut nh bc (SI ).
Tn sc mode ch xy ra trong si quang a mode do s khc nhau v vn tc
nhm ca cc mode. Mt xung n ca nh sng i vo mt si quang M mode ti
im z = 0 s lan ra thnh M xung vi thi gian tr hon (delay) khc nhau m n
tng nh mt hm ca z. i vi si quang c chiu di L, th thi gian tr hon cho
cc mode khc nhau l: t
q
= L/v
q
vi q = 1, 2, 3,...M. Trong v
q
l vn tc nhm ca
mode th q. Nu gi v v
min
l vn tc nhm ln nht v nh nht th xung nhn
c s lan ra trong mt khng theo thi gian l (L/v
min
L/v
max
). rng xung trong
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2
trng hp ny l
|
|

'

= o
t
max min
v
L
v
L
2
1
(hnh 1). rng xung o
t
cng c gi l
thi gian p ng ca si quang.
Hnh 1: S tn sc mode
Trong si quang SI, vi s mode ln, ta c v
min
~ c
1
(1-A) v v
max
~ c
1
. V (1-A)
-
1
~ 1+A nn thi gian p ng l:
2 c
L
1
A
= o
t
(1a)
S tn sc mode trong si quang GRIN l nh hn trong si quang SI do vn
tc nhm ca cc mode c lm xp x bng nhau (do si quang GRIN c chit sut
gim t trong ra ngoi) v s sai bit gia cc khong thi gian tr hon ca cc mode
t = L/v
q
gim i. Ngi ta chng minh c rng vn tc ln nht v nh nht cho
si quang GRIN l v
max
= c
1
v v
min
~ c
1
(1-A
2
/2). Do , thi gian p ng cho
trng hp si quang GRIN l :
2 c
L
2
1
A
= o
t
(1b)
V A << 1 nn so snh (1a) v (1b) ta nhn thy rng s tn sc mode nh
hng n si quang GRIN t hn 2/A ln so vi si quang SI.
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3
Dy tn hot ng o
f
ca si quang t l nghch vi thi gian p ng theo
cng thc:
t
to
= o
2
1
f
(2)
T (1a) v (1b) v (2), c th rt ra kt lun:
- Si quang GRIN c suy gi m rt thp.
- Si quang GRIN c dy tn hot ng ln hn si quang SI.
- Si quang GRIN c li ln d s dng.
Hnh 2: Phn loi si quang
a) Si quang SI n mode
b) Si quang SI a mode
c) Si quang GRIN
2. nh ngha ngn gn v mode LP.
Mode LP l mode phn cc tuyn tnh linealy polarized mode.
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4
Si quang trn thc t c dn km, do , cc mode t nhi n trong si
quang s kt hp ( suy thoi) thnh cc mode phn cc tuyn tnh (LP).
Hnh 3 v 4 m t mode LP.
- Hnh 3 l mt v d v cch kt hp cc mode t nhi n thnh cc mode
tuyn tnh.
- Hnh 4 l cc th cng cc hnh mu su mode LP.
Kho st k cc hnh ny chng ta s hiu r ngha ca thut ng mode. Cc
ch s mode c ngha nh sau: 1 l mt na s im cng cc i (hay cc tiu)
xy ra khi ta gc thay i t 0 n 2 radian; m l s im cng cc i xy
ra khi ta bn knh thay i t 0 n v c ng. Lu rng i vi trng hp mt
im cc i th l = 0 bi v l phi l mt s nguyn v do khng th l 2.
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Hnh 3: v d vic kt hp cc mode HE
21
+ TE
01
v HE
21
+
TM
01
thnh cc mode LP
11
a) Cu to ca hai mode LP
11
t hai mode t nhin v phn
b trng TE v cng ca chng.
b) Bn hng trng TE v TM v cc phn b cng
tng ng ca LP
11
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Hnh 4: th cng v hnh mu 6 mode
V cc thnh phn dc ca cc mode LP l rt nh, do trong hu ht cc
trng hp cc mode LP c th xem nh l mode ngang.
Ti sao si quang ch h tr cc kiu trng ri rt m chng ta gi l cc mode
phn cc tuyn tnh (LP)? Nguyn nhn vt l l s lan ca sng trong si quang phi
tha mn cc iu kin bin. Gi s sng tha mn cc yu cu ny khi ln u tin
ng giao tip li lp bc. tha mn cc yu cu cc ln sau, sng phi lp li
chnh n khi mt ln na ng bin li lp bc. Ni cch khc, pha ca sng
( ) t z ,vi z l hng lan truyn, phi bng 2 k, vi k l mt s nguyn, ti cng
mt khong cch trn hai ng zigzag. Cc sng EM tha mn iu kin ny s c
mt kiu n nh hay mode. Cc sng EM khng tha mn iu kin ny s khng
th xut hin. l l do ti sao si quang cc sng EM cc mode c cc kiu n
nh v khng h tr cc mode khc.
Ht