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fmrgq.d iudcjd mlaIfha uOHu mqj;am;

01 ldKavh 08 l,dmh
2013 Tlaf;dan

ld,a udlaia - f*%la

tx.,aia - cuka
oDIajdoh ^isxy,
mj:kh - ciaka
mshr;ak& 65 - 66 msgq

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03 Pkaoh

04
06

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mjihs'

02

ju 2013 Tlaf;dan

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ju
Tlaf;dan
ju 2013
2013 ckjd

03

fmrgq.d iudcjd mlaIfha uOHu mqj;am;

185$2ta" tmsguq,a, mdr - fldaf

flsocialistparty@gmail.com / www.flsocialistparty.com

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f,i W!kkh we;s
,dxlSh kj ,snr,a
OfkaYajrh fjkqjg
fou< OfkaYajrh
ia:dms; lr,Su Tjqkaf.a
yis wfmalaIdjh'
.afkaIajrka we;=
fou< OfkaYajrfha
wr.,h jkqfha ish
oE;ska kj,snr,a
OfkaYajr md,khla
W;=f ia:dms; lsuh'
th brdu ;ukaf.a
m%Yak ;ukau i|d.
kakd md,khla ms<sn|
fou< mS;hdf.a
n,dfmdfrd;a;= iu.
.efgkakla kd ta yd
iumd; ula fkdf'
OfkaYajr fldgia w;r
fj<|fmd< fnod.ekSf
wr.,hla njg W;=f
m%;sM,h W!kkh jkafka
tgh'
ta w:fhka
.;a l< W;=f Pkao
m%;sM,h fl;r
ixOdkd;aul frdaOhla
jqjo fou< mS;hkaf.a
uqla;sh iu. wod<
jkakla fkdf' ,dxlSh
OfkaYajrh ms<sn|j ka
ka kej; u;=jk ^b
ckdm;sjrKfha fulS
jOkh jvd;a biau;=jkq
we;& iudc m%cd;ka;%jd
igkamdG f,i lshfjk
ksoyi" m%cd;ka;%jdoh
kd .ekSu ioyd
rdcmlaI md,kh fjkia
lsu fukau W;=f
mS;hdgo fuf;la
,enqjdg jvd fjkia
w;alSula .afkaIajrka
md,kfhkao w;alr
h fkdyel' th
.afkaIajrkaf.a m%Yakhla
fkdj md,k iajrEmfha
yeh'
zziEu hq.hlu
rchk woyia jkdys
md,l mka;sfha woyiah'''
ish wNsu;h m jHuh
ksIamdokfha ud. ;uka

i;=lrf.k we;s mka;sh"

tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka
udkisl ksIamdokfha
ud.o md,kh lrhs'ZZ
^udlaia tx.,aia' b;sydih
ms<sn| fN!;sljd
ixl,amh - msgqj - 83&
hkqfjka ish
jilg;a r wE;lu
udlaia b;d ksjerj lshd
isfha fulS i;Hhhs'
tksid W;=fo
fiiq m%foaYj,o ckhd
ish woyia f,i" ish
Pkaoh mdfha jqj
;uka leue;s ljfrl=
ch.%yKh l<o jir
lSmhlg jrla ;uka
md,kh lrkafka
ljqrekao hkak iod
,Sug yer fjk;a m
hehs lshd m%;sM,hla
Tjqka lrd fkdt<fUkq
we;' w;af;a ;uka
Pkaoh ka whl= ;uka
leue;s whl= ;u
md,lhd u muKls'
th wm fj; j;auka
kj ,snr,a OfkaYajrh
ish Wmf;au f.k wd
weianekauls' OfkaYajr
m%cd;ka;%jdoh hk
fhu yryd iudc.;
fldg we;s Pkaoh Tfh"
wmf.ah wm leue;s
whl= n,hg f.k wd
yelsh hkd f,i we;s
woyia f.dkakla u.ska
wm u; uq uy;a mSvdj
mj;ajdf.k hkakd
ljqrekao hkak wmu
;SrKh lrk l%shdoduhls
fulS ue;sjrK n,
jHQyh' tlS ienEj fou<
mS;hdo isxy, uqia,s
mS;hkao ish Nd;
;fhkau iod.; hq;=
uQ,slu lreKls'
tlS oDIajdofhka
uquy;a ck;dj .,jd
.ekSu yer wka m%fYhla
ish ue;sjrK l%shdoduh
;=< mka;s jHdmdrh
bfha we;af;a ke;'
jdudxYsl fldgia
;jrg;a mka;sfh
bfha fYaIfhka
ue;sjrK l%shdodufha
lshd isk O
igkamdG mqrd fulS
oDIauh udhdj fy<sor
lrk m%fYhla wm
w;akqfha ke;' fndfyda
g jdudxYh ;jrg;a
yeisfrkqfha OfkaYajr
,snr,a ixia:df fyda
cd;sjd igkamdG
;Dma;su;a lrk ke;sk
l,amhla fmkajd
l,amho kej;;a
Okjdohg fya;a;= lrk
14 msgqjg'''

04

ld,Sk

ju 2013 Tlaf;dan

u;jd yd foaYmd,k lreKq .Kkdjla inkaOfhka mlaIh ;=< wer ixjdoh

ms<sn|j mlaIh ;=< fukau mka;sh ;=<o idlPdjla wer ;sf' tu ixjdoh
Okd;aul yd RKd;aul wdl,am iys;j iudch ;=< O wdldrfhka w: .eka
j,g Ndckh we;' fndfyda wh ixjdohla ms<sn|j kqj;aj ish;a tu ixjdofha
. - m<, ms<sn| wjfndaOhla Tjqkag fkdue;' tfukau ixjdoh werug fya;= iy
tys b,lal ms<sn|jo jHdl+,;djhla Woa.;j ;sf' fuu ;;ajh ;=< ixjdoh ms<sn|j
h<s idlPd lsu mqj;amf;a bvlv kdia;s lsula fkdf' jHdl+, we;s fndfyda
lreKq ksrjq,a lsu i|yd th w;HjYH jkq we;' ixjdoh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla
,nd.ekSug k j;udk iudc ;;ajh;a ta yuqf ksOk mka;s jHdmdrh uqyqKfok
ixlSK;ajh;a ms<sn| wjfndaOhla wjYH f'

;jd yd foaYmd,k
lreKq .Kkdjla
inkaOfhka
mlaIh ;=< wer ixjdoh
ms<sn|j mlaIh ;=< fukau
mka;sh ;=<o idlPdjla
wer ;sf' tu ixjdoh
Okd;aul yd RKd;aul
wdl,am iys;j iudch
;=< O wdldrfhka w:
.eka j,g Ndckh
we;' fndfyda wh
ixjdohla ms<sn|j kqj;aj
ish;a tu ixjdofha . m<, ms<sn| wjfndaOhla
Tjqkag fkdue;' tfukau
ixjdoh werug fya;=
iy tys b,lal ms<sn|jo
jHdl+,;djhla Woa.;j
;sf' fuu ;;ajh ;=<
ixjdoh ms<sn|j h<s
idlPd lsu mqj;amf;a
bvlv kdia;s lsula
fkdf' jHdl+, we;s
fndfyda lreKq ksrjq,a
lsu i|yd th w;HjYH
jkq we;' ixjdoh ms<sn|
wjfndaOhla ,nd.ekSug
k j;udk iudc
;;ajh;a ta yuqf ksOk
mka;s jHdmdrh uqyqKfok
ixlSK;ajh;a ms<sn|
wjfndaOhla wjYH f'
,xldj kj,snr,a
Okjdofha fufyhqug
w;a jghlska m%fY
isk j;auka fudfyd;
;=< nyqO wnqohkag
iudch f.dre we;'
fulS wnqohka wdl
- foaYmd,k - iudcuh -

mqnq chf.dv ifydaorhd

ixialD;sl - wdpdrOdl
wd jYfhka jQ O
lafIa;%hka ;=< lemS fmkSu
wrUd we;' iudcfha
mS;u mka;Ska ffoksl
;h mj;ajdf.k hdu
mjd wNsfhda.hg ,la jQ
;;ajhlg uqyqK isk
w;r md,l mka;sfha
oDIajd fufyhqj,
f.dre njg m;au ksid
tu wnqo Ioj lemS
fkdfmfkk ;;ajhla
W we;' fmdf .;a
l, j;au fkka
k wiSre fjka ;sf'
fndfydafokd zzj;auZZ
f,i w: olajkq ,nkafka
hdka;ka wdydr f,a ;=k
imQK lr.ekSu muKla
jk w;r ;fha w:h
wdydr wkqNjhg iSuduu
wnqofha m%ldYkhls'
Okjdofha wdrNl
hq.fha udlaia mejiQ
wdldrhg ksOkhd
idfmalaI rdm;aulg
fukau ksrfmalaI rdm;a
ulg;a ish ;h
f.dre lrf.k we;'
tk fkka k mq,ajk
Iu;djh yuqf Okm;s
mka;shg idfmalaIj
ksOk mka;sfha jk
;;ajhka my; jefgk
w;r ksOk mka;sfha
;h th ;=<u i,ld
nejo |jeulg ,laj
we;' fufia wdl
wnqoh iska ,lajk
mSvdjg wu;rj ksOkhd

m%uqL mS;hka kj ,snr,a

Okjdoh hgf;a ish
iudcuh fiajdjka mjd
fjf<| NdKav njg
m;alrkq ,enq ;;ajhla ;=<
lnf,ka ,smg je we;'
ffoksl kv;a;=j i|yd
wjYH wdydrmdk" fi!LH
myiql" orejkaf.a
wOHdmkh" ksjdi"
m%jdykh wdh fjkqfjka
ish wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug
ojfia je meh .Kkla
Y%uh lemlsug mS;hkag
isj we;' i;aj f,dalfhka
fjka ksid ,enQ m%Odk
ch.%yKhla jk ish uQ,sl
jk wjYH;d fjkqfjka

.ekSu i|yd uq ojiu

Y%uh jehlsug isu ;=<
f.ug isj we;s jkah
jkqfha flh" fkdaoh"
iudcuh ls%hdld;ajhka
yd ksia in|;d i|yd
jk wjldYh wys
uhs' tk ixialD;sl
;h wys uhs'
fufia j;auka mS;hdg
ksia ixy;sfha iuia;
ixialD;sl ch.%yKhka
wys lr OfkaYajr
ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh i|yd
l%uf,aL.; lrk ,o
^Programmed& hka;% njg
m;alr we;' kj ,snr,a
Okjdoh ksia iudchu

tksid tla w;lska n,kg f islrkqfha m%udo

jQ j.lSula bgqlsuls' fuu ixjdoh mlaIh
;=<g muKla iSud fkdlr iuia; mka;sh
olajd mq,a lr we;af;ao fuu.ska Wlyd .kakd
ch.%yKhka iudcuh ch.%yKhka njg m;alr
.; hq;= fyhsks' ixjdoh m%udou ms<sn|j wmg
wksjdh iajhx fpkhla we;' tla me;a;lska
wm foaYmd,kh ;=< weneysfhka ug
wiu;au iska cks; ;;ajhkq;a ixhqla;j
foaYmd,k ;;ajh ;=< we;s jQ m%jK;d;a thg
fya;= h'
.;lrk ld,h wvqlr
ixialD;sl ;hla
i|yd jk wjldYh mq,a
lr.ekSf ch.%yKh
Okjdoh iska Tjqkag
wyslr we;' tfk f,a
;=k wkqNj lr" orejkag
W.kajd"
frda.hlg
m%;sldr .ekSu i|yd"
tk wju wjYH;d imqrd

frdfndajrekaf.a ludka;
Yd,djla njg m;alr
we;s w;r ksOkhka
m%uqL mS;hkag lrkakg
b;s we;af;a OfkaYajr
ksIamdok ie,eiaul l,ska
,shk ,o msgm;lg wkqj
rmEu muKs'
fuu ;;ajh
;=< mr;ajdfrdamKhg

,laj ;uka mjd wys

jq ksfil= ksudKh
;sf' yeufokdu
w;Dma;shl" wiykhl
.s,S isk w;r ish
;h i|yd O l,am
fidhka is' mS;
mka;Ska wnqohg f.dre
l< kj ,snr,a Okjdohu
ta i|yd jHdc l,amo
imhka is' tlaflda
l,amh f,i f;dard.
ekSug we;af;a zzje
jegqma iys;" jrm%ido ,;a
jD;a;SkaZZ hehs klrk ,o
k.ak iQrdlEug f.dre
u b,lal lrf.k
fufyh uh' ke;sk
je jefhka yqjudre
NdKav f.dv.id .ekSu
;=< ;fha wys jQ i;=g
fidhdhdug n, flf'
,xldj jeks mfha
miq.d rgl mS;hdg
uqyqK fokakg isjkafka
Okjdohg muKla
fkdf' fYaI we;s mQj
OfkaYajr miq.d;ajhkao
kj ,snr,a Okjdoh iu.
tlg w;aje,a ne|f.k
mS;hdf.a ;h u;
lvd mkS' wimq wd."
weoys,s l,a,s" Ndjkd mka;s
yryd wdOHd;al iqjh
fiugo ienE ;fha
m%;sfrdaOhka wu;l lr
udhd f,dalhl ;ksugo
wjYH b,lal ksudKh
jkafka f wkqjh'
kj ,snr,a Okjdoh;a
miq.d;ajh;a m; wg
tlg ys|jd ksudKh

lr .;a f,dah
ye,sh ;=< wd.l
m%d;sydhlrejkaf.a
isg Okd;aul ka;k
wf,lrejka olajd jQ
O flajghka lS%vd
lrka is' Tjqkaf.a
lS%vdf mkaj njg
m;aj we;af;a mS;hdf.a
;hhs'
fuu ixlSK;ajh
;jrg;a Okm;s
mka;sh iska by<ska
mgjkakla muKla fkdj
mS;hd iskao iafPd
leue;af;ka mj;ajdf.k
hkakls' th iuia;
iudchg kreujdofha I
fmdjd we;' Okjdofha
w.;Ska ksr;=rej olska"
tys we;s kdYld;ajh
f;are .kakd w;ru
tu kdYld;ajh
fmdaIKh lrk ls%hdj,shl
fldgialrejka f
fo N+ldjg iudchu
mK fmdjkafka l%uh
iskau ksudKh
lrk ,o kreujdoh
yd ksfoaYmd,kSlrK
jHdmD;sh ;=<h' tfy;a f
lsisjla yq wdpdrOdl
fufyhqulska mrdch
l< fkdyel' OfkaYajr
oDIajdofha f.drlaj
wd;=r jQ iudchg
uqla;sodhl Njhla
,ndh yelafla ta i|yd
yq yeSulska tyd .sh
oHdjla ksudKh lr
.ekSfuks' ksoiqkla
f,i iudch ;=< we;s

ju 2013 Tlaf;dan

05

f krdjf,ka iudch uqod .ekSu;a" jHdmdrh thska u;a tlu

ixhqla; l%shdj,shls' iudch fjkia lsu;a" tys ;udu fjkilg
Ndckh u;a tlu tlu ixhqla; l%shdj,shls' tu l%shdj,sh h:d:hla
lr.kafka flfiao@ wm ixjdofha fhfokafka ta .ekh' f bv
fjkajkafka ta ixjdohgh' f msgq Tf woyia fjkqfjka jD;h'

kreujd ,laIK yd
ksfoaYmd,kSlrK
jHdmD;s mrdch l<
yelafla tajdg fya;= jQ
iudc uQ,hka ykdf.k
tajd uq,skqmqgd fuks'
tjeks ;;ajhka Okjdofha
ixlSK ls%hdld;ajhl
yq m%ldYkhka muKs'
tu iudcuh m%ldYkhka
yd Bg .eUqf we;s
fya;= w;r we;s wka;
inkaOh fydka .%y
lr fkd.;fyd;aa tajdg
tfrys iudc m%ldYlhdo"
iudc ls%hdOrhdo
fjk;a ud.hlska
tjeksu kreujdohlg
yd wfoaYmd,ksl
ls%hdld;ajhlg
f.dreu je,elah
fkdyel' tneka
j;auka miqu ;=<
ksOk mka;s jHdmdrh
i;=j we;s ldhNdrh
iy wNsfhda.h w;sYh
ixlSKh' tla me;a;lska
kj fldkafijjdohla
njg m;a ish wdldrfha
miq.d;ajhka Wrdf.k
isk kj ,snr,a Okjdoh
iska ,ndfok jHdc
l,amhka fjkqjg
ienE m%.;sYS,S-jduiudc mhdildrluqla;sld l,amhla
iudchg ksudKh l<
hq;=h' wfkla me;af;ka ta
i|yd mj;sk h:d:hka
wfma ukia RIahg
wkqj yev.iajd .ekSf
ufkdardl Nd;dj
fjkqjg we;a; we;s
iefhka yd ixhqla;j
jgyd .ekSf ma,h
Nd;djla" jvd;a mq,aj
lshkafka k iudch
mj;kh lrk w;r wm
wm ;=<u mj;khlg
,lajk ma,lrKSh
Nd;djla fj; m%fY
h hq;=h' wm bfha we;s
wNsfhda.h thhs'
tu wNsfhda.h
ch.ekSu myiq ke;'
tlla wnqofha we;s
.eUqr yd ixlSK;ajhhs'
f ixlSK;ajh
yuqf we;eful=
wffOhug mjd bv
we;s uq;a ma,jjd
weiska n,kafkl=g f
ixlSK;ajhu igka jeu
i|yd jk W;afm%arKhls'
f kdYld;ajfhka u
i|yd we;s l,amh jkqfha
jdudxYsl foaYmd,khhs'
ma,h ls%hdld;ajhs'
fuu wnqoh iudcfha
iEu mdYajhlgu
fkk wnqohls' tfy;a
fndfydafokd Bg ms<s;=re
fidhkakg W;aidy
lrkafka ish flaj,
mqoa., ; zzid:l lr
.ekSuZZ yrydh' ke;sk
wdOHd;al iqjfha
kdufhka isysk f,dalj,
.s,Su yryd h' tfy;a
ksOk mka;s jHdmdrh

f,i wmg wnqoh foi

tjeks oDIafldaKhlska
ne,sh fkdyels w;r tfia
ne,Su hkq wka lsisjla
fkdj l%uhg wkq.; uhs'
OfkaYajrh bfha oK
.eiSuhs' tfia wjk; u

ck;d uqla;s
fmruqfKka bj;a
fmrgq.d iudcjd
mlaIh ysjkafkau mka;s
mlaImd;S;ajh ms<sn|
Yajdih;a w.;Skag yd
wjia:djdohg tfrysj miq
fkdnei igka jeug ;snQ

mlaIhla fujeks ixjdohlg msiSf wjodko

we;s w;r wm l< hq;af;a wjodku Ndr.ekSug
fhka merKs mdfu .uka lsu fkdj wjodku
.ek i{dklj w;a mdrla ksudKh lr
.ekSuhs' kqf mQK ch.%yKhlska fyda kj
kHdhka jOkh lsulska muKla ksOk mka;s
jHdmdrhg hdj;al,a h fkdyel' kHdh;a
Nd;dj;a w;r we;af;a ixlSK wka;
inkaOhls' Nd;h yeugu kHdfha i;H;dj
mslaId n,k wr.,la jk w;r kHdh ienkau
jOkh jkafka wOHkd.dr ;=< fkdj Nd;fha
i igkau ;=<h' wm wrUd we;s ixjdofha
kHdh;a Nd;dj;a w;r we;s wka; inkaOh
| jegqKfyd;a iuia; jHdmD;shu wid:l
jkq we;'
yd oK keu m%;slafIam
lrkafkak wmg b;sj
we;af;a f w.;Skag
tfrysj igka jeuhs'
ta igkg ishhg ishfha
id:l;ajhla ms<sn|j
lsisfjl=g iy;slhla
,ndh fkdyels uq;a
wkd.;h ksudKh jk
moku tu wr.,hhs'
wm f,aP;ajfha udj;
fjkqjg iudkd;au;djfha"
idOdrK;ajfha"
YsIagdpdrj;anf udj;
f;dard.kafka k tu
udj; jkdys mka;s
wr.,fha udj;hs'
fu;r miqniajk iq"
wffOhu;a lrk iq
;;ajhl;a wmg jdudxYsl
foaYmd,kh wjYH jkafka
tu udj; Wfoidh'
wNsfhda.h
ch.ekSug ndOdlrk
wfkla lreK jkafka
jf jHdmdrhu
cd;Hka;r jYfhka yd
cd;sl jYfhka ,laj we;s
msySuhs' yeu;eklu
mdfya w;alSu we;af;a
tlaflda jf jHdmdrh;a
iafPdfjkau OfkaYajr
,x.= ;=< isr.;
m%dfhda.sljdohg f.dre
kdY uhs' ke;sk
fmd iudcfhka fhda
kHdhsl tlage f.j,aj,
;ks uhs' Nd;fhka
f;dr kHdh j| jk w;r
kHdfhka f;dr Nd;h
wkaOh' ju ms<sn| cd;sl
w;alS fukau cd;Hka;r
w;alSo jejYfhka
we;af;a tlaflda j|
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wkaONdjh fj;gh'
mqoa.,slj i,ld n,k l,
wm w;ka jefofkl=o
je ld,hla ksr;
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mka;s iyfhda.S;djdohg"
cd;sjdohg" ks,Odjd
,laIKj,g f.dre
jQ foaYmd,khla ;=<h'

ffOhh;a wmg wdf,dalh

iemhQ neks' tksid
fmrgq.d iudcjd mlaIh
yuqf we;s wNsfhda.h
jkqfha j;auka iudc
ixlSK;ajh ksje/j
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ixlSKh'
tjeks
ixlSK;ajhla ch.;
yelafla wmf.a foaYmd,k
mok fydkau Yla;su;a
lr .ekSfuka muKs'
iudc mhdilrKh yq
Yajdihka moaO;shlska
muKla h:d:hla
njg m;a l< fkdyels
w;r ta i|yd pdrYS,S"
;ldkql+, oHdjla wjYH
f' thska mejfikafka
Yajdi moaO;Ska iqkqiqkq
lr h hq;= nj fkdf'
thg pdrYS,S;ajh yd
ksrjq,a kHdh tlalr .;
hq;=h' fuh wm g jir
20 lg muK fmr lr.;
hq;=j ;snQ ixjdohls' f
ms<sn| WodyrKhlska
meye,s lr .ksuq'
1990 fidah l|jqr
ne|jeu;a cd;Hka;r
fldhqksia jHdmdrfha
is jQ wm.ukh;a iu.
ma,jjdkag" ksOk
mka;s jHdmdrhkag f,dalh
;=< w;sYh wjdisodhl
;;ajhla we;s h' Bg fmr
jf foaYmd,kh i|yd
mqreoaola" weneyshla"
wkqrd.hla m%udKj;a jQ
w;r wm yeufokdf.
au mdfya foaYmd,kfha
yrh ;snqfKa thhs'
tfy;a 21 jk ishjfia
jdu foaYmd,kh i|yd
thg pdrYS,S;ajh" ;lh"
kqu hdj;ald,Sk h
hq;=j ;sKs' tu ls%hdj,sh
wju jYfhka fidah
l|jqr |jefuka

wk;=rej we;s jQ
;;ajfha fyda werh
hq;=j ;sKs' foaYSh
jYfhka fukau cd;Hka;r
jYfhka ,nd ;snQ nrm;<
mrdchkaf.ka wk;=rej
1994 h<s foaYmd,k
lghq;= wrUk g" w;sYh
wjdisodhl fldkafoais
hgf;a wm h<s udlaia
f,kskajdofha rla; jK
Och Tijd ;nd .kafka
l=uk wdldrhghs b;du
.eUqka uid ne,sh hq;=j
;sKs' tfy;a ,xldf
mka;s jHdmdrh tu
;;ajhg uqyqK kafka
flfkl=g fudavlula fyda
uqrKavqlula f,i jqj
fmkS hd yels;rf
wIaGdkhlska yd wkqrd.
hlsks' th wm .%y lr.;
hq;=j we;af;a jrolg;a
jvd h ft;sydisl
;;ajhlg wm uqyqKka
m%;spdrd;aul wdldrhla
f,isks' tu hq.fha
;ldkql+,j ;;ajh
.%ylr.;a jdudxYslhka
lf<a mlaI iqrejd
yeu" mlaIj, k
iy jK fjkia lsu"
ma,jh w;yer iudc m%cd;ka;%jdohg miqneiSu
wdhhs' tjka fudfyd;l
wkqrd.h we;eg
;lhg jvd je m%.;sYS,S
ldhNdrhla bgqlrhs'
kuq;a bka wk;=rej f.jqkq
ld,h ;=<o iudcfha ienE
;;ajhka Yaf,aIKh lr"
cd;Hka;r ugfukau
ju uqyqK we;s wjodk
iy.; ;;ajh ksisf,i
;lafiare lr tu ;;ajh
yuqf jevms<sfj<la
ilialr .ekSug wm iu;a
jQfha ke;' tys m%;sM,h
jQfha Bg jir .Kkdjlg
miq wm ksfhdackh
l< jHdmdrh ma,h
Och w;ayeug" mka;s
iyfhda.S;djdohg iy
iudc - m%cd;ka;%jdohg
f.dreug ,lauhs'
tjeks wm.ukhka h<s;a
jrla w;a fkdlSug
k wm" wm i;=
wNsfhda.h ms<sn| mq,a
wOHhkhla" .eUqre
ixjdohla lr.; hq;=h'
tu ixjdohg fidah
l|jqr |jefuka
wk;=rej f,dalh ;=<
ksudKh we;s kj
foaYmd,k .;slhka .ek
idlPdjlao" tu |jeu
isug fya;= yd f,dal
jdudxYsl jHdmdrhg is jQ
jer .ek idlPdjlao
wka;.; lr.ekSu
wksjdh f' fmrgq.d
iudcjd mlaIh m%fY
we;s ixjdoh thhs'
tu ixjdoh mlaIh .ek"
mlaIh yd mka;sh w;r
inkaOh .ek" j;auka
Okjdoh .ek uD;Dldj,
isg Yksl m%Yak olajdu
yso hEu h:d:hla
we;'

tksid tla w;lska

n,kg f islrkqfha
m%udo jQ j.lSula
bgqlsuls' fuu ixjdoh
mlaIh ;=<g muKla iSud
fkdlr iuia; mka;sh
olajd mq,a lr we;af;ao
fuu.ska Wlyd .kakd
ch.%yKhka iudcuh
ch.%yKhka njg
m;alr .; hq;= fyhsks'
ixjdoh m%udou ms<sn|j
wmg wksjdh iajhx
fpkhla we;' tla
me;a;lska wm foaYmd,kh
;=< weneysfhka ug
wiu;au iska cks;
;;ajhkq;a ixhqla;j
foaYmd,k ;;ajh ;=<
we;s jQ m%jK;d;a thg
fya;= h' flfia fj;;a
ka tu m%udoh ixOdk"
foaYmd,k wnqohla f,i
fmd,d mkska ;sfnk
w;r ka wm ljr ,la
f.jd fyda tu wNsfhda.
hg wNsuqL h hq;=h' fuu
ixjdoh;a iu. ksOk
mka;s jHdmdrh kQ;k
;;ajhka ms<sn| hdj;a l,a
lsug wm iu;a h hq;=h'
Okjdofha fojdplhg
kj wxf.damdx. fndfyda
tla we;s ;;ajhla ;=<
uqla;sodhl ud.ho
kj kqfuka ikakoaO
;sh hq;=h' wm fuu
,smsh wdrNfhao mejiQ
ixlSK;ajhka ch.ekSu
i|yd ffOhh" wkqrd.h"
lemlsu yd weneysh
m%udKj;a ke;' tajd h

mslaId n,k Wr.,la

jk w;r kHdh ienkau
jOkh jkafka wOHkd.
dr ;=< fkdj Nd;fha
i igkau ;=<h' wm
wrUd we;s ixjdofha
kHdh;a Nd;dj;a w;r
we;s wka; inkaOh
| jegqkfyd;a iuia;
jHdmD;shu wid:l jkq
we;' mlaIh ;=< ixjdoh
fjkqjg jev b,a,d isk
m%jK;djhlao" mka;sh
iu. ftkaShj lrk
jHjydrhu wOHhkhla
fjkqjg .=yd ;=<g
je lrk ixjdo b,a,d
isk m%jK;djhlao
jOkh f wk;=r
mj;S' Nd;h muKla
wksYaph f wka;h
fukau kHdh muKla
wksYaph f wka;ho
wm fkdu. hjk iq
jk w;r fuu wjodku
idlPd l< hq;=j we;af;a
wjodku mrdch lr ienE
id:l;ajh lrd .uka
lsugh' iudc ;h
w;yer fmd;am;a nod.
ekSu fukau ls%hdjdohlg
f.dre fmd;aj,g
mhska .eiSuo tlfia
je/ Nd;djkah' wm l<
hq;af;a udlaiajd uQ,Ou
m%udKj;a wOHhkhla
iu. pdrYS,Sj wm ;=<
;yjqre lr .ekSu yd
f.jqkq ishjil ld,h ;=<
jOkh jQ kj kqu thg
ialrKh lr .ekSuhs'
fujeks ixjdohla yryd
wkd.; jHjydrh flfia

flfia fj;;a wms kgu;a ixjdoh wdrN

lr we;af;uq' th ,xldf jdudxYsl jHdmdrfha
b;sydifha ;SrKd;aul ux i<l=Kla njg
m;ajkq fkdwkqudkh' ixjdoh yryd iuia;
mka;shgu" mlaIhgu hdj;al,a f yd w;a
f Njhla jD;j mj;S' mlaIh ixjdohg
m%fY jQfha th ish m%Yak i|k udhdld
fldalg;a ff;,hla hehs Yajdi lr fkdf'
h m%udKj,ska mj;ajd
.ekSu jHdmdrhg wjYH
jk kuq tajd pdrhg
nka l< hq;=h' kj kqu
yryd kHdh fmdaIKh
l< hq;=h' fuu ixjdofha
Okd;aul me;a; jkafka
thhs'
mlaIhla fujeks
ixjdohlg msiSf
wjodko we;s w;r wm
l< hq;af;a wjodku
Ndr.ekSug fhka merKs
mdfu .uka lsu fkdj
wjodku .ek i{dklj
w;a mdrla ksudKh
lr .ekSuhs' kqf
mQK ch.%yKhlska fyda
kj kHdhka jOkh
lsulska muKla
ksOk mka;s jHdmdrhg
hdj;al,a h fkdyel'
kHdh;a Nd;dj;a w;r
we;af;a ixlSK wka;
inkaOhls' Nd;h
yeugu kHdfha i;H;dj

fhs ;SrKh l< yels

nj thska fkdlshf' wmg
fuu ixjdoh Wmfhda.S
lr.; yelafla wfma
w;S; jHjydrh ms<sn|
we.hSula lr.ekSu i|yd
i jHdmdrfha iuia;
ls%hdld;ajh ;SrKh
lsug fkdf' th fjku
ixjdohls'
flfia fj;;a wms
kgu;a ixjdoh wdrN
lr we;af;uq' th ,xldf
jdudxYsl jHdmdrfha
b;sydifha ;SrKd;aul
ux i<l=Kla njg
m;ajkq fkdwkqudkh'
ixjdoh yryd iuia;
mka;shgu" mlaIhgu
hdj;al,a f yd w;a
f Njhla jD;j
mj;S' mlaIh ixjdohg
m%fY jQfha th ish
m%Yak i|k udhdld
fldalg;a ff;,hla hehs
14 msgqjg'''

06

ju 2013 Tlaf;dan

uquy;a oYkhu {dkjdoh iy jHjdoh f,i fldgia follg fnfok nj mejiQ wms
zudlaiaf.a oYkhZ nj lshQ zohf,la;sl fN!;sljdohZ ie,l=f jHjdoh k .=rel=,fha
fldgila f,ihs' wmg wkqj jHjdofha wfkla mdYajh jQ mdrfN!;sljdofhka
ohf,la;sl fN!;sljdoh fjkiajQfha m<uqjekak f,dalh mj;skafka pl%Sh p,s;hl nj
mjioa fojekak ims,dldr p,s;hl mj;sk nj mejiSfuka' ienekau jHjd
udlaia flfkl= .ek lshka wm Tyq weo oud ;snqfka f*dhndya jeks {dkh
jHhg oa;Shl l< ksia l%shdld;ajh jgyd fkd.;a wluKH jHjdkaf.a
f.dvghs' tjekakkag isjk njg udlaia lajQ whqkau wm;a meje;au ksudKh
lrka ;ukao ksudKh lr.kakd iudchSh ft;sydisl ksid gqf keye'
foakao fldaodf.dv ifydaorhd
Ykh hk jok" lau
hk f;areu /.;a zoDYaZ
k ixialD; jpkfhka
wdjla nj idudkH woyihs' th"
f,dalh ms<sn| ksidf.a lau nj;a
f,dalh f;are .ekSug ksid rE
W;aiyh yryd oYkh Ihh
f.dvke.=kq nj;a mejfikjd'
fmr. iy ngysr f,i
fofldgilg fnod fjkalr
YajoHd, ;=< wOHhkh
i|yd iQodk lr we;s oYkh
yodrka hful=g wjYH k
Wmdhlao ,ndf.k odYkslhl=
njg m;ah yelshs' cuksfha iQ ld,a
udlaia k zodYkslfhlaZ .ek iudc
mj;khla wfmalaIdfjka foaYmd,kh
lrk l%shdldlhka f,i wm wid
;sfnkjd' Tyq iy tx.,aia iska
imdokh l< fmd;am;aj, lafjk
iy f,kska iska miqld,Skj is l<
tl;= lso we;=<;a udlaia-f,kskajdoh
k zoYkhlaZ ms<sn|j;a tu oYkh
yryd wdlh .%y lrka th fpkh
lrka kj zfoaYmd,k wdl oHdjlaZ
f.dvke.+ nj;a wm wid ;sfnkjd' iudch
fjkia lsf mqfrda.d ldhh mejfrkafka
f nridr oYkh f;are .; yels
mqoa.,hkag muKo@ zzifydaorjre oYkh l;d
lr,d wmsg jev lshkak hk fhdackdj tfia
k ksjero@ Okjdoh fmr<d oud jvd udkqIsljQ
f,dalhla f.dvke.Sf wNsfhda.h fj; jvd
wjxl m%fY ul f ish oE .ek wfma
wjfndaOhka kej; i,ld ne,Sf wjYH;djh;a
tu lghq;a;g Wrf wNsfhda.h;a wm bfha
we;af;a udlaia" by; lS ish,a,g brdu tfrys
jQ m%;sodYkslfhl= f,i;a ykajkq ,eh yels
ksidfjka'
oYkhg bx.%sis NdIdfjka yekafjk
philosophy k jpkh ilia we;af;a philo iy
sophia hk ,;ska joka j, tlafuka' tys f;areu
jkafka znqoahg we;s wdorhZ hkakhs' nqoahg
wdorh l< odYksl zwdorjka;hkaZ ysjQ b;sydih
.ek;a uola i,ld ne,Su jeo.;a'
ksid ;ksj j;ajk i;ajfhla fkdjk nj;a
Tyq uq, isgu wdydr imdokh iy wdrlaIdj hk
uQ,sl j wjYH;djka imqrd .ekSu iudchSh l%shdjla
njg m;alr.;a iduQysl i;ajfhl= jQ nj;a wm okakjd'
Y%uh f,i yekafjk wruqKq iy.; iy i{dksl
l%shdld;ajh yryd ksid ;ukaf.a jk meje;au
Wfoid mirh iu. is l< .Kqfokqj ksIamdokh
f,iska wmg yekah yelshs' uq,au ksia
iudchkaj, ksiqka iduQyslj ksIamdokh
l< nj;a iduQyslj tajd fnodyod .kq
,enQ nj;a fuda.ka wd udkj
oHd{hka iska is l<
mfhaIK yryd

udlaia yd tx.,aia iQ iufhau ;yjqre flreKd'

1845 udlaia iy tx.,aia ,shQ cuka oDIajdoh
lD;sfha Tjqka i|yka lrkafka hemSug wjYH udOH
ksIamdokh lsug mgka .;a jydu ;uka i;=kag jvd
fjkia nj k.kakg ksiqka iu;a jQ njhs' ksIamdok
ud,shla hkq ;ukau ilia lr.;a hemS udOHhka j,g
wkqrEmSj ;ukaf.a meje;au ksudKh lr.ekSu njhs
tys lafjkafka' ksiqka ;ukaf.a meje;au ksudKh
lrkjd' ta;a th islrkafka ys;=jlald wkaoulg
fkdfjhs' ;ukau ksudKh lr.;a fldkafoais hgf;ahs'
ksiqka meje;au ksudKh lrk w;rjdrfhau tu
l%shdf fhfok ;ukaj;a ksudKh lrkjd' fuu
l%shdj,sfha ksiqka iy ksiqka w;r ksIamdok
inkaO;djka mekk.sskjd' kuq;a ta in|;d ksia
jk meje;aug iEugu ys;lr jkafka keye' iudc
l%uhla" isiag tlla hkq f l%shdld;ajfha;a tu
l%shdld;ajh mok lr.kska tys mriamrhka ie`.
f wruqKska mekk.sk rEmdldrhkaj,;a iuia;hghs'
meje;au ksudKh lr.ekSf w;am;a lr.;a
jOkhka yrydu w;sla;hla ksudKh jQ miq uq,skau
mej;s iduQysl foam< fjkqjg mqoa.,sl foam< ksudKh
jqKd' ksia Y%uh;a ldhsl iy udkisl f,i fnulg
,lajqfKa ta foam< wys jQjka iy yslrejka w;rhs'
mka;s iudchka f,i yekafjk fuu Y%u Nckh
iys; iudc wdldrhkaj, ksIamdokh lsug Y%uh
je.su tla msilg iSudjk g Tjqka ksudKh
l< w;sla; jkdl foam< yshka iska N=la;s
nj wog;a h:d:hla' ta iajNdl ksia l%shdld;ajh
ksiqka w;r in|;dj, m%;sfrda iajNdjfhka isr.;
l< b;sydifha wdrNhhs'
f,dalh lshkafka fudllao@ f,dalh ;ekS
we;af;a fudkjdhskao@ f,dalh .ek k .; yelso@
i;Hh lshkafka l=ulao@ wd m%Yak ksia isf;a
mekke.Su wdrN jQfha;a iudcfha tla msilf.a
oyh u;ska ksuefjk w;sla; jkdlu N=la;s ka
flfhka miqjk is;a ;=< njhs b;sydih .ek
wdmiq ye ne,Sul ykd.; yelsjkafka' ksiqkaf.a
ksIamdok ;h iu. fjka fkdl< yels f,i ne
mej;s fi!kaohd;aul ksuejq l,dj f,i ixOdkh
jQfha jy,a hq.fha jy,a yshkaf.a wkq.%yh u;ska'
;drld Ydia;%h wd oHdjkao .Ks;h" ;lkh jeks
l%uhkao ixOdkd;aul wd.o ysjQfha ta whqkauhs'
oYkh ksudKh jQfha;a w;sla; jkdl N=la;s
kakka yrydhs' odYkslhkaf.a jxYfha wmlS;su;a
wdrNh tjekakla'
cuka oDIajdoh lD;sfha udlaia mjikafka
;uka .eku mdr ndkakg {dkhg mqjka jkafka
Y%u Nckh yryd udkisl Y%uh ksoyia jQ g njhs'
t;eka isg Y=oaO kHdh" foajOuh iy oYkh wdh
yev.eiafjk njhs Tyq mjikafka'
.%Sish flaka lr.kska jOkh jQ ngysr
oYkh ;=<;a bkahdf ffjl hq.fhka werfUk
fmr. oYkh ;=<;a odYkslhka f,dalh hkq l=ulao
iy th k .; yelso hk uQ,sl m%Yak folg m%Odk
jYfhka ms<s;=re fiug W;aiy l<d' ms<sfj,ska
ioaNdjd;aul iy {dkNd.d;aul .eg f,iska
yekafjk oYkfha uQ,sl m%Yak oa;ajh fuhhs'
f,dalh iE we;af;a c,fhka" .skafkka fyda mrudKq

ju 2013 Tlaf;dan

07

f krdjf,ka iudch uqod .ekSu;a" jHdmdrh thska u;a tlu

ixhqla; l%shdj,shls' iudch fjkia lsu;a" tys ;udu fjkilg
Ndckh u;a tlu tlu ixhqla; l%shdj,shls' tu l%shdj,sh h:d:hla
lr.kafka flfiao@ wm ixjdofha fhfokafka ta .ekh' f bv
fjkajkafka ta ixjdohgh' f msgq Tf woyia fjkqfjka jD;h'

j,ska wd jYfhka
jir
oyia .Kkla mqrdjg O odYkslhka O woyia
u;= lr ;sfnkjd' f,dalh k.; yels njg;a k.;
fkdyels njg;a odYkslhka w;r jdofha w;S;h
jir oyia .Kkla wE;g jhkakla' udlaiaf.a m<uq
odYksl .=rejrhd jQ fcda ,afy,a fy.,a mejiqf
f,dalh ksudKh we;af;a zmru woyiZ u.ska njhs'
f wdldrfhka f,dalh jHfhka ;ekS we;s nj mejiQ
zjHjdZ iy ksia ka;kfhka f.dvke.S we;s nj
mejiQ z{dkjdZ f,i m%Odk odYksl .=rel=, 2 la
udlaiag fmr w;S;fha isg mej;=Kd' Tyq YajoHd,
YsIHfhl= f,i 1830 oYlfha oYkh ms<sn| wjOdkh
fhduq lrk fudfydf;a cuksfha lsre me<| isfha
{dkjdoh fmrgq lr.;a iNdjH cudkq oYkjdohhs'
fy.,af.a {dkjd laug tfrysj jHjdoh
jHdma; l< ;reK fy.,ajdka w;rg udlaiao tlajqk;a
tys we;s ksr:l nj jgyd .ekSug Tyqg jel,la
.;jQfKa keye' mqrdK .%Sisfha odYkslhkajQ fudl%sgia
iy tmslshqria hk .%Sl odYkslhka fofokdf.a
mrudKqljdohka w;r fjkialu .ek wjOdkh fhduq
lrka ieliQ ;u Wmd ksnkaOkh ;=< Tyq gqf
uquy;a f,dalhu fkdfjkia jk kshdu Ou" kS;s
iys; odYksl moaO;shla ;=<g /f.k taug W;aiy
lrk oYkhlg wNsuqL jkafka is .sh f,dalhla
njhs' uq ksia b;sydihu ;u oYkh ;=<g le
lsug jEh l< fy.,af.a wd;ah {dkjdoh udlaia
ms<sfl l< tjeks j| moaO;s f.dvkexula' Tyq
Wmkakg l,ska ishjia fol ;=< jevji uOHld,Sk
foajOuhg tfrysj ke.S wd Okjdohg wjYH
odYksl moku ilia lrkakg kj wm;s mka;sfha
oDIajd kshuqjka uey;aj ;snqKd' ksia uki hkq
ysia lvodishla jekakla nj;a bkashka yryd ,efnk
ixfokhka tys msgm;a jk nj;a mejiQ zwkqN+;sjdkaZo
ksid f,dalh k .ekSf iyc {dkhla iys;j Wmk
nj mejiQ znqoajdkaZo ta w;r fmruqK .;a;d' udlaia
f ish jHjdohka m%;sfCIam lf<a ta lsis oYkhlg
ienE ksia l%shdld;ajh jgyd .; fkdyelsjQ nj
mjika'
Okjdofha ke.S tau;a iu. f,dalh fjka fjka
jQ fldgia f,i i,lk mrudKqljd f,dal lafuka
ieliqKq oHd;aul l%uh kk oHdjkag moku uqjd'
Bg wkqrEm iudchSh lau jQ ,snr,ajdoh iu;a jQfha
iudcfha fn ;Sj% lrkakg muKhs' fuh gq fy.,a
f,dalh tlsfkl nekq fjka l< fkdyels ffch
moaO;shla f,i olska tu moaO;sh ;=< jk fldgia
w;r wka; inkaO;djka iy m%;sfrdaOhka jrKh
lrk ohf,la;sl l%uh Nd;fhka jvd udkqIsl
Okjdohla cuksh ;=< yslsu i|yd jEh l<d' kuq;a
fy.,ag;a ienE ksia l%shdld;ajh jgyd.; fkdyels
jQfha Tyq ienE iudchSh ft;sydisl ksid fkdgq ksihs'
fy.,a fpkh lrka wd.u iy rdcHh
ksiqka w;r mj;sk fya;=j wkdjrKh lrk udlaia
1843 f*%la tx.,aia iska ,shQ zfoaYmd,k wdlfha
fpkhg ixCIsma;hlaZ lD;sh fj; wjOdkh fhduq
lrka wev ia;a iy f ldfvda jekakjqka iska
f.dvke.+ foaYmd,k wdlh fpkh lsu wrUkjd'
fy.,af.a Tfjka isg.;a ohf,la;slh fomhska
isgqjka ksidf.a udkqIsl uqdj jQ Y%uh ksidf.ka
bj;a yqjudre jkdlula njg" uqo,a njg m;a we;s
nj olajk Tyq Bg fmr fy.,a iskao ia;r lr ;snQ
mrdfrdamKh k ixl,amhg kj wre;la ,ndfokjd'
1845 uq, tx.,aia yd udlaia tlaj imdokh lrk zY=oaO
jQ mjq,Z lD;sfha Tjqka wjudkqIsllrKh jQ iudcfha
wudkqIslu jk wdldrhka le fldg olajk ksOk
mka;shg ;ukaf.a fukau iuia; ksia j.hdf.a;a
uqla;sh i|yd mejfrk ldhNdrh olajkjd'
fy.,a fpkfha yuqjk oa.a f*dhndyaf.a
wdNdIfhkq;a imQKfhkau foka {dkjdohg;a
jHjdohg;a m%;smlaIj iudchSh ft;sydisl ksid
.ek fN!;sljd laula fj; udlaia msfik udjf;a
iqfYaIS yerjqula jkafka 1845 cuka oDIajdoh
lD;shg iQodk fjka isk w;rjdrfha igyka lrk
,j miqj tx.,aia iska ixialrKh lr 1888 ish
oa.a f*dhndya lD;shg weuqKqula f,i bm;a l<
iy 1924 fidah foaYh iska uq,a msgm; m%isoaO l<
zf*dhndya ms<sn| ;siSiZ k iqm%lg ,sh,a,hs' udlaia
m%;sodYkslfhl= nj ;yjqre flfrk uQ,sl idlaIs fuys
wka;.;hs'
udlaiag fmr is odYkslhka w;r ishjia
.Kkla mqrd jdohg ;=vqka oYkfha uQ,sl m%Yak

j,g ms<s;=re u Tyq

meye,sju neyer lrkafka ienE f,dalfhka
by< / bkakd ish wdldrfha odYksl moaO;Skag
Tyqf.a we;s frdaOh igyka lrka' f*dhndya ms<sn|
fojk ;siSifha udlaia mjikafka ksidf.ka mndysr
jdia;l i;Hh ksia ka;khg .%yKh l< yelso
hk {dkNd.d;aul m%Yakh kHdfhka ih fkdyels
m%dfhda.sl m%Yakhla njhs' h fohl tysu iajNdjh f,i
budkqfj,a ldka iskao k l< f,dalh k.; yels
nj lsjQ ksia ka;kfha h:d:j;a nj fyda th k.;
fkdyels nj mejiQ fkdh:d:j;a nj w;r jdoh
jHjydl;ajfhka f;drjQ yq mKa;udkS jdohla nj
udlaia iska mjikq ,enqjd' m<uqjk ;siSih yryd f
jk g;a udlaia wjOdrKh lr ;snqfKa ksiqka f,dalh
.%yKh lrkafka bkash uQ,sl" jHjydl iy wd;ah
l%shdld;ajhlska njhs' fuh fjkajQ wdldrhka ;%s;ajhla
fkdjk w;r tlu ixhqla; l%shdj,shla'
oYkh m%;sfCIam lrka bm;a lrk jHjydrh
fkdtfiak ienE ksia l%shdld;ajh fy<sor lrk
udlaiaf.a lau;a oYkhla f,i hful=g mejish
yelshs' 11 jk ;siSifha fuf;la l,a odYkslhka
iska f,dalh w:l:kh l< nj;a l< hq;af;a
th fjkia lsu nj;a mjioa th laulska f;dr
l%shdld;ajhlg lrk wYsIag wdhdpkhla fkdjk
nj %;dkH udlaiajdhl= jk fg B.,agka ish ld,a
udlaia lD;sh yryd mjikjd' Tyq mjikafka udlaiag
wjYH jQfha jgyd.ekSug ,lalrk foh fjkia l<
yels
m%dfhda.sl oYkhla f.dvke.Sug njhs'
oYkh ksOk mka;sh fj;ska ish fN!;sl w
imhd .kakd f,iu ksOk mka;sh;a oYkfhka ish
wOHd;al w imhd .kakd nj udlaia mjikjd' ta
mrdfrdams; ksidf.ka i`.jd ;sfnk" ;uka iskau
ksudKh l< fldkafoais hgf;a ;ukaf.a jk

fuh fmd iQ;%hla njg m;alrka iudc

ixjOkfha ir, fh fm<la f.dvk.kq
,enqkd' ohf,la;slfha Yah kshduhka f,i
yekajQ m%;smCIhkaf.a tal;ajh yd wr.,h"
m%udKh .=Kh njg m;au yd wNdjhdf.a
wNdjh wdh thg tlalrka ksid kshdu Ou
j,ska md,kh jkafkla nj;a tys kshdu md,s;
nj ms<s.ekSu udlaiajdhd i|yd wksjdhhla
njg;a m;alrkq ,enqjd' ;uka iska ksudKh
l< meje;auu ;ukag by<ska isg.kakd w
fohla f,i i,loa th iudk jkafka fohka
jykafiagu nj wm gqf keye' ma,h ksia
l%shdld;ajh ms<sn| l:d lroa;a wm gqf
fohka yd iudk kshduhka j,ska mrdk jQ
ksfila i fmd ;Ska ilik fukau tu ;Ska
| ouka meje;au ksudKh lrkakg uey;a
jk ienE ilS%h ksid fkdf'
;;ajhka fjkia lrk iy tfia lroau ;ukaju
ksudKh lr.kakd ienE ksia l%shdld;ajh fy<sor
lsuu mj;sk mSvdld ksIamdok ud,sh fjkia lsu
i|yd fN!;sl n,f.hla ilia lrk nj" tk ksOk
mka;sh i{dkl lrk nj Tyq Yajdi l< ksidhs'
ta fy<sor lsu W.;a kHdhfhl=f.a lghq;a;la
fkdjk nj;a jHjydrfhka jk meje;au jrKh
lrk tfukau ma,hlrK foaYmd,ksl uey;aula
yryd th fjkia lrk l%shdld;ajhla nj;a udlaiaf.a
woyi jkjd' Tyq mjikafka fuu bkashuQ,sl - wd;ah
- jHjydl ksid fkdykk odYkslhd j;auka
iudcfha mrdfrdams; nf by<u ms<sUqj njhs' tuksid
odYkslfhla f,i iajqj;a udlaia hkq jpkfha
miudma;d:fhkau m%;sodYkslfhla'
flfia fj;;a 1883 udlaia h.sh miq Tyqu mejiQ
jpk" ,shQ lD;s" f.dvke.+ ixl,amhka Nd;d lrka
;uka ms<sl=,a l< odYkslfhl=u njg l=reisfha weK
.eiSug udlaiajdka lghq;= l< nj wdmiq ye ne,Sul
lsh yels lreKla' fg B.,agka fmr i|yka l< ld,a
udlaia lD;sfha mjikafka udlaiaf.a kka jQ odYksl
moaO;shla ld,hdf.a wejEfuka f.dv kexu Tyq
inkaOfhka jk fYdapkSh W;am%dih njhs' ohf,la;sl
fN!;sljdoh k odYksl moaO;shla .ek udlaia
lsiskl mjid ke;s nj Tyq wd u. uik g l.;
yelshs'
uquy;a oYkhu {dkjdoh iy jHjdoh

f,i fldgia follg

fnfok nj mejiQ wms
zudlaiaf.a oYkhZ nj lshQ
zohf,la;sl fN!;sljdohZ ie,l=f jHjdoh k
.=rel=,fha fldgila f,ihs' wmg wkqj jHjdofha
wfkla mdYajh jQ mdrfN!;sljdofhka ohf,la;sl
fN!;sljdoh fjkiajQfha m<uqjekak f,dalh mj;skafka
pl%Sh p,s;hl nj mjioa fojekak ims,dldr
p,s;hl mj;sk nj mejiSfuka' ienekau jHjd
udlaia flfkl= .ek lshka wm Tyq weo oud ;snqfka
f*dhndya jeks {dkh jHhg oa;Shl l< ksia
l%shdld;ajh jgyd fkd.;a wluKH jHjdkaf.a
f.dvghs' tjekakkag isjk njg udlaia lajQ whqkau
wm;a meje;au ksudKh lrka ;ukao ksudKh
lr.kakd iudchSh ft;sydisl ksid gqf keye'
wfma Yajdih jQfha ksid hkq jHfha ksudKhla
neka jH uQ,sl nj ms<s.ekSfuka wmo udlaiajdka
njg m;ajk njhs' jHfha Wiia;u ksudKh ksia
fud<h nj;a is;=,s tys cd;s ,laIKh nj;a mejiQ wms
bkash uQ,slj" jHjydlj" wd;ahj f,dalh .%yKh
lr.kakd ksid .ek udlaiaf.a .%yh w;ayer uqjd'
bkash j,ska ,nd.kakd ixfokhka ksia fud<h
u; msgm;a jk nj mejiQ wms udlaia iska mKa;udkS
jdohla f,iska neyer l< {dkNd.d;aul .egjg
ms<s;=re iemhQf foaj,aj, tysu iajNdjh k.; yels
nj mjika' iuia; f,dalhu ohf,la;sl fN!;sljdoh
k odYksl moaO;sh ;=<g x.u wfma W;aiyh jQfha
udlaia reoaO jQ fohu islrka' fuh wmg muKla
fkdj fidah foaYh m%uqL iudcjd rdcH moaO;shg;a
tys wdNdIfhka ysjQ f,kskajd ^miqj iage,ska iska
l< f.dvkex fidah rdcH n,h Nd;fhka
tlalf<a;a f,kskajdoh k f,an,h hgf;ahs& iy
fg%dialsjd foaYmd,k m%jK;djhka fj;;a Wreu
jqkd' udlaiaf.au;a yd we;eg udlaiaf.a wjfndaOhkag
jvd h fjkial j,ska hq;= jQ tx.,aiaf.a u; la
Nd;d lrka fuu odYksl moaO;sh f.dvke.Su i|yd
ie,lsh hq;= ldhNdrhla islrk ,oafoa ld,a fl!ials
iy fcda maf,ydfkd kHdhsl wdm;Hh fynjQ
fojk cd;Hka;rh iska' f,kska iy fg%dialso 1914
jk ;=reu fojk cd;Hka;rh yryd lD;s l< kHdhsl
f.dvke.S j, YsIHhka nj wjOdkhg ,lah hq;a;la'
udlaia iska f.dvke.+ ;j;a odYksl kHdhla
f,i ft;sydisl fN!;sljdoh wm iska jkaokSh;ajhg
kxjkq ,enqjd' tu.ska ie,l=fka ksIamdok n,f.
hkaj, jOkh u.ska ksh; f,iu ksiqka w;r
ksIamdok in|;d wnqohg hjka iudc mj;khlg
wjYH ;;ajh ksudKh lrkq we;s njhs' ksid ;h
ksudKh lrkafka Tyq iska ksudKh l< meje;af
fldkafoais u; iska jqj;a Tyq ;uka ksudKh l<
meje;aug wkqj fufyhfjk rElvhla muKla k
iudch hkq fjkia l< fkdyels fohla njg m;ajkjd'
tfia ke;ak wmg isjkafka yqremqre f,iu iudch
fjkia u ft;sydisl wksjdhh;ajhla jkq we;s
njg m%d:kd lsughs' iudchSh ft;sydisl ksidf.a
il%sh;ajh jgyd.kq fjkqjg wm ksIamdok n,f.hka
ykd.;af;a;a ksIamdokhg wjYH w fohla f,i
muKhs' f ;=<ska ksIamdok n,f.hkaj, jOkh hkq
hka;% iQ;%" ;dlaIKfha jOkh f,i jgyd .ekqKd' ta
yryd oYkh yd iudku wmlS;su;a u.l tk oHdj
tys ft;sydisl uQ,hka fkdi,lka ma,jhg w;HjYH
idOlhla f,iska ie,lSug;a isjqKd' fuu.ska isjQ
wfkla lD;slrKh jkafka hka;% iQ;%" ;dlaIKh
wdfha wvx.= ksia l%shdld;ajh fkdfmkS f.dia
ma,h ;;ajh hka;% iQ;%j, jOkh iy ksia in|;d
w;r .egqfuka mekk.skakla f,i jgyd .kq ,euhs'
fuh fmd iQ;%hla njg m;alrka iudc
ixjOkfha ir, fh fm<la f.dvk.kq ,enqkd'
ohf,la;slfha Yah kshduhka f,i yekajQ
m%;smCIhkaf.a tal;ajh yd wr.,h" m%udKh .=Kh
njg m;au yd wNdjhdf.a wNdjh wdh thg
tlalrka ksid kshdu Ou j,ska md,kh jkafkla
nj;a tys kshdu md,s; nj ms<s.ekSu udlaiajdhd
i|yd wksjdhhla njg;a m;alrkq ,enqjd' ;uka
iska ksudKh l< meje;auu ;ukag by<ska isg.
kakd w fohla f,i i,loa th iudk jkafka
fohka jykafiagu nj wm gqf keye' ma,h ksia
l%shdld;ajh ms<sn| l:d lroa;a wm gqf fohka yd
iudk kshduhka j,ska mrdk jQ ksfila i fmd
;Ska ilik fukau tu ;Ska | ouka meje;au
ksudKh lrkakg uey;a jk ienE ilS%h ksid
fkdf' 1877 m%d.aOkh
14 msgqjg'''

08

ju 2013 Tlaf;dan

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tfyu;a ke;ak w;a fmd;a .kak .sh ojia lsysmfha uyd
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nrm;< m%ydrhlg ,la jQ brdlh t;eka isg jir
oyhlg tyd ld,hla O .eg j,g uqyqK
kafkah' tys tlai;a ckmofha b,lalh jQfha
ueofmr. f;,a im;hs' Tjqka ueofmr.g .sfha
f;,a iy /lshd fidhdf.k nj tl, weulka hqO
ks,Odka iskau mjid we;'

1991 m%:u m%ydrfha tlai;a ckmo .=jka
hdkd 1203 yd wfkla rgj,g wh;a .=jka hdkd 800
k 43la ;=< fndan fgdka 88500 la brdlh u;g
fy<Sfuka ;;ajfha nrm;<lu meye,s f' ienkau
ueofmr. f;,a im;a uqod.ekSf wdl hqoaOfha
m<uq f.dr brdlhhs'

fuys B< f.dr jkafka brdkhhs' ;yk
kHIal w ksmojk njg brdkhg fpdaokd kef.
kafka tneks' fufia f.dvkef.k hqoaO u.ska
fYaIfhka ueofmr. l,dmh ;=< we;s O jQ
m%;sfrdaO;d tk" iqkaks" Ishd" uqia,s .egqu" l=
fnjdofha ke.Su we;= iudc wdl .eg
Yd, jYfhka fuhg mdol lrf.k ;sf' tlai;a
ckmofha fuu l%shdud. i|yd Bg W; u;jd
fmruqKlao kv;a;= lrk w;r f,dalfha fiiq iEu
udOHlskau ;u u;jdo me;srug;a Tjqkag yelsj
;sf'

hqoaOh hkq foaYmd,kfha fjkia wdldrhlska
l%shdjg kef.k l%shdj,shls' fuu hqoaOj,
foaYmd,kh k wrdcHjd rgj,a ;u wruqKq imqrd
.ekSfuys,d uqod ykq ,nk m%ldYhg m;a lrkq ,nk
hqoaOhhs' ta w:fhka b;d meye,s f,iu wo jk g
ishdjg tfrys fmkag.kfhka ke.Stkafka ;j;a
wrdcHjd hqoaOhls'

f jk g n,Yla;s wmkhk rgj,
ixOdkfhys ^OPEC& ys m%Odk idudl rgj,a
w;ka brdlh" l=fgh" fi! wrdh weulka
ys;jd jk ;ekg m;alrf.k we;' ,shdjg"
ishdjg uE; ld,fha m%ydr t,a, h' Wmdh ud.
slj jeo.;a ;ekl msys we*a.ksia:dkh hg;a lr
we;' ol=Kq wm%sldkq ck;dj w;r m%p,s; lshukla
;snqks' tk

zziqoaoka fuys tkjd

nhsn,h Wka wf;ah
bv wfma wf;ah
wo bv Wka wf;ah'
nhsn,h wm wf;ah'ZZ

Tjqkaf.a foaY m%;sm;a;sfha kEu l%shdjl
m%;sM,h by; Wml%uhg ijiuh' ;u f;,a
wjYH;djh fjkqfjka cd;sl;aj wiu.sho" wd.l
wjYH;djho ;kau fhdod.kska tu.ska Yd,
rgj,a l=vd j, rdcHhka .Kkdjlg fnod
fjkalr f rgj, f;,a im; ;u whs;shg .ekSug
ie,iq lf<a g oYl .Kkdjlg fmrhs'
weuld tlai;a ckmoh 20jk ishji uq, f;,a
i|yd ueo fmr.g yd W;=re wm%sldkq rgj,g;a 20
jk ishji ueo ,;ska weuldjg" uOHu wdishdjg"
ol=Kq fldflaiia" ngysr wms%ldkq rgj,aj, f;,a
i|yd;a uey;a fjka ;sf' Tjqkaf.a hqO wdrCIl
yd foaYmd,k l%shdud. fndfydauhl mok fLdj
wka lsisjla fkdj f;,ah' f ksid brdk kHIal
m%Yakho tysu mrdj;khls' tl, nqIa mjid isfha
brdkh ms<sn| ms<sfj;lg fhduqug l,ska
rdcH ;dka;%sl ugka yd idlPdfjka m%Yak
i|d .ekSug W;aiy ork njo tajd jerkfyd;a
yuqod m%ydrhl fhf ie,eiau ms<sfl fkdlrk

ju 2013 Tla
ckjd
f;dan

11

;jo tu l,dmfha fi!h <g Yd, lvla

ys jef;,a ix;hla we;s B< rdcHh
brdkhhs' brdkhg msiSug ishdj ndOdjla jk
ksid ishdj j, lsu .=ld,Skj
.;ag weuldjg b;d jdis
iy.;h' ;jo iQjia we, whs;s
N+h w;am;a jkafka h
rglgo tlS wrdcHhg
ysjk wdl ,dNh
w;sYd,h' tksid iQjia
wef,a m%Yakh ksid
ishdjg lrk
uey;a j,
weuld tlai;a
ckmohg tfrysj
kh iy reishdj ish
n,h md lsug
bv we;' f ;;ajhka
ksid j;auka ishd m%Yakh
f,dal foaYmd,kfha jeo.;a
wjOdkhg ,la we;'

nj;ah' tys tlai;a ckmoh wo jk g ;u ie,eiau

flfrys tk brdkh weulka ys;jd lrug th
j, lrug myiqjk m ishdjg uey;aug
mgkaf.k we;'

wrdcHjdkaf.a l=re yd wudkqIsl nj
h<s;a jrla f,djg m%ldY lrka" tlai;a ckmo
iyfhda.h iys;j 2009 foien 27 jeksod .did;Srh
;=< uyd ksia ixydrhla lrk ,' f,dalfha
l=uk fyda rgl isjk w .egqul" ish n,f,daNS
foaYmd,k jqjukdjka fjkqfjka md l<
yelsk zz;%ia;jdohg tfrys m%ydrhla f,io" tfia
fkdjkafka k th jyd kej;sh hq;= udkqIH;ajhg
tfrys m%ydrhla f,ioZZ wd:l;kh lrk weuld
tlai;a ckmoh fuho yudia .,a,kaf.a l=re
;%ia;jdohg tfrys idOdrK fufyhqula f,i
ykajka f,dalfhau m%.;sYS,S n,f.hkaf.a
frdaOh fkd;lka BY%dh,fha f,aP wdl%uKhg
wjYH ish iydh ,nd fok ,' tu .egqf
m%;sM,hla f,i .did jeishka 1"100lg je m%udKhla
iy BY%dh,a cd;slhka 13 la ;dCIhg m;ah'
tlai;a ckmohg fuu uey;a i|yd neKq .=
b;sydihla we;s w;r wo wm l;d lrkafka ishdkq
uey;aug wod< j;auka jOkh ms<sn|jhs'

ueo fmr. l,dmfha N+f.da,Sh msysu
.;ag tys wdl yd foaYmd,ksl jeo.;alu r|d
we;af;a f;,a u;h' weuld tlai;a ckmofha
Wjukdj jkafka ueofmr. N+ is;shu Tjqkaf.a
hqO foaYmd,ksl Wjukdjka u; fjkia lsughs'
tksid Tjqka fgl Bma;=jg m%ydrh t,a, lrhs'
fya;=j jkafka w;a,dka;sla id.rfha isg uOHOrKS
uqyqo yryd r;= uqyqog;a k kej,g;a bkahka
id.rhg hdug isjkafka iQjia we, yryd muKs'
tfia fkdjqjfyd;a w;a,dka;sla id.rfha isg wm%sld
uydoamh jgd Yd, r m%udKhlska bkahka
id.rhg msiSug isf' iQjia wef,a whs;sh we;af;a
Bma;=jghs' fj<|m< b,lal imqrd,Sf ho wvq
ud.h je we;af;a iQjia we, yrydh' iQjia we,
wjg msys wfkla ueofmr. rgj,a tk BY%dh,h"
fi!h" l=fgh" brdlh" weulka ys;jd j,
rdcHhka njg m;alrf.k we;' thgu tlalr
.ekSf wruqkska wo weuldj ishdjg uey;a
we;'

;jo tu l,dmfha fi!h <g Yd,
lvla ys jef;,a ix;hla we;s B< rdcHh
brdkhhs' brdkhg msiSug ishdj ndOdjla jk ksid
ishdj j, lsu .=ld,Skj .;ag weuldjg
b;d jdis iy.;h' ;jo iQjia we, whs;s N+h w;am;a
jkafka h rglgo tlS wrdcHhg ysjk wdl
,dNh w;sYd,h' tksid iQjia wef,a m%Yakh ksid
ishdjg lrk uey;a j, weuld tlai;a
ckmohg tfrysj kh iy reishdj ish n,h md
lsug bv we;' f ;;ajhka ksid j;auka ishd
m%Yakh f,dal foaYmd,kfha jeo.;a wjOdkhg ,la
we;'
Iqkaks" Ishd fjki

ueofmr. l,dmfha wfkla rgj,aj,
fukau Iqkaks yd Ishd uqia,sjrekaf.a wd.l
fjki ishdjgo fmd lreKls' bia,d Nla;slhka
Iqkaks - Ishd f,i fn .sfha foaYmd,k fya;=jla
u;h' k;=udf.a urKfhka miq wd.l kdhl;ajh
k;=udf.a hKsh jk *d;sudf.a iehdg ,ndh hq;=
nj mejiQ wh yd th ld,s*ajrekag ,ndh hq;= nj
mejiQ wh w;r .egqula we;s fomsi fn .sfhah' wo
wrdcHjdka Iqkaks - Ishd fnu ueofmr. l,dmh
;=< ish Wjukdjka fjkqfjka Nd;d lrka is'
iudcjd l|jqr ;snQ fudfydf;a fidah ,a,d"

fldhqksiajd ,a,d fmkajd Okjd f,dalfha

wdrCIlhdf.a N+ldj rmE weuld tlai;a ckmoh
miqj jDlhdf.a p;hg udreh' m%cd;ka;%jdoh"
udkj ysl" ;%ia;jdoh merou" wd;audrCIdj"
kHIal ;ck wd O fya;= Wmfhda.S lr.kska
tlai;a ckmoh ish wrdcHjd ovhu wdrN lr
;sf' ta i|yd Tjqkg f,dj mqrd idOdrK fya;=
kE;r we;' f,dj rgj, cd;sl;aj m%;sfrdaO;d"
wd.l yd f.da;%sl m%;sfrdaO;d ;=<ska ;u n,f.
ksudKh lr.kakd tlai;a ckmoh tlS n,f. ish
n,,a w; njg m;alr .kska yd jHdc fya;= ujd.
kska ;ukag wjYH f.dr f;dardfrdf.k zzovhZZ
lrka is' tksid f,dj mj;sk fndfyda .egq
yqfol,d .egq fkdjk w;r ta fjkqfjka O l%u
Wmfhda.S lr .ekSug Tjqka iu;a ;sf'
n,j;=ka ishdjg uey;ajkafka wehs@
tfiak ishdjg fudjqka uey;a jkafka l=uk
wruqKlskao@ ishdj weulka ys;jd j, rdcHhla
f,i f.dvkeSu weuld tlai;a ckmofha wkd.;
ie,iq j,g buy;a jdis iy.;h' tk ishdj yd
BY%dh,h" m,ia;Skh" Bma;=j N+ Nd.h N+f.da,Sh
msysf we;s jeo.;alu Bg n,mE uQ,sl idOlhls'
tu N+Nd.fha whs;sh inkaOfhka reishdjg;a
khg;a" Yd, jeo.;alula we;s ksid f,dj n,j;a
rdcHhka ;%s;ajhu f flfrys wjOdkfhka is' Tjqka
iydh fokafka widoa md,khgh' widoa md,khg
tfrys mCIfha ler<sldr yuqodjkag tk ishdf
bia,djd mCIhg Wo lsug weuld tlai;a
ckmoh lghq;= lrka is' f ksid ishdf m%n,
ler<sldr lKavdhu jQ cnka w,akqiard fmruqK
ishdj ;=< Yla;su;a fjka is'
f wkqj fuu N+fha mj;sk m%Yakh wo
f,dal n,j;=kaf.a wdl Wjukdjkag wkqj
l<uKdlrKh fjka ;sf' weuld tlai;a ckmoh
muKla fkdj reishdj yd kho wo ishdjg uey;a
jkafka ish m%d.aOk wjYH;d fjkqfjka n,h ;yjqre
lr .ekSugh'
ridhksl m%ydrhla

miq.sh wf.daia;= 27 jeksod veuialia ys
ishdf widoa frda ler,slrejka iska md,kh
lrk m%foaYhl is jQ ridhksl w m%ydrhlska
l=vd orejka 426 la we;= is,a mqrjeishka 1429 la
ureuqjg m;ah' fuys fpdaokdj t,a, we;af;a
ckdm;s widoagh' tu fpdaokdj we;eg ksjer
h yel' ukaoh;a widoa taldm;sfhl= jk w;r g
fmro Tyqf.a md,kh fujeks ixydrhka .Kkdjlg
odhl we;s neks' ishdf ck;djf.a m%cd;ka;%jd
whs;Ska i|yd jk wr.,h wo l<ukdlrKh lrka
iskafka wrdcHjdkah'

tfy;a f .ek ia;rd;au; jd;djla
imhk reishdkq rch mjikafka fuh widoa rchg
tfrys mCIfha ler,s lKavdh iska ^w,akqiard&
lrk ,o m%ydrhla jk njhs' fuys widoa frda
O lKavdh tu md,khg tfrysj miq.sh ld,fha
Yd, frdaO;d /,a,la we;slr.;a blaukskau tu
lKavdh wdhqO ikakoaO lKavdh njg m;aj we;'
f jk g rg is,a hqoaOhla ;=< .s,S f.diah' ta
fya;=fjka ishdf miq.sh jir fol ;=< 100000 lg
wl msila hf.dia we;' wNHka;r irKd.;hka
,shk 107 ls'

ishdjg tfrys O fpdaokd t,a, lr
hqO uey;aula i|yd Tndud iQodkka iskafka
wkalsisjlg fkdj widoa reishdkq ys;jd md,khla
f.khk neks' ishdj yd brdkh reishka ys;jd
u weuldjg l,dmh ;=< ish meje;aug Yd,
ndOlhls' widoa |jeu hkq brdkh
14 msgqjg'''

12

ju 2013 Tlaf;dan

cd;sjdofha
Wmfhda.S;djdoh
kEu ksYa; iudc h:d:hla ;=< cd;sjdoh mej;sh yelaflao th ilsS%h hyelaflao tlsfkl ckfldgia w;r m%;smdlaIsl
iyinkaO;djhla f.dvk.ka iy th jOkh lrka muKs' h ksYa; ckfldgila ;=< cd;sjdoh u; mokj iuQy ml,amkhla
^iduQysl wNs,dIhla& f.dvkef.k g th isjkafka ndysr wfkfll= ^;u cd;sl wkkH;d ljfhka msg; iskakka& i;=rka f,i
neyerlrKhg ,lalrks' tk" isxy, cd;sjdoh mej;sh yelaflao th ilsS%h l< yelaflao ;jr jOkh l< yelaflao Bg tfrysj o<
yd uqia,s cd;sjdoh m%;sfmdaIKh lrka" ilS%h lrka yd fou<d iy uqi,audkqjd neyerlrKhg ,lalrks' fuys f,dauho fufiauh'
tfy;a tlS iduQysl wNs,dIh yd tu.ska m%ldYs; iudc iduqysl;ajh ^h ksYa; ck fldgila ;=<& f.dvkef.kafka iudh ksIamdok
ud,sh ;=< jk ienE m%;sfrdaOh u; mokj yd ta ms<sn| i{dkl;ajhla iys;j fkdf' tneka tlS iduqysl;ajh ienE iduqysl;ajhla
fkdj jHdc
iduqysl;ajhls' ulaksido" tg th iudh ksIamdok ud,sh ;=< jk ienE m%;sfrdaOh ^tk"
mka;s mi;=re;d& u; mokj iudch ;sria fnulg ,lalrk" mj;akd iudc^OfkaYajr&
h:d:hg tfrysjk" th m%;slafIam lrk wr.,hla-jHjydrhla ;=<ska f.dvkef.k ienE
iudc iduqysl;ajla fkdj jHdc mi;=re;d tk" O cd;Ska-cd;slm%cdjka-ckfldgia
w;r f.dvkef.k jHdc mi;=re;d u; mokj iudch isria f,i fnulg ,lalrk jHdc
iduqysl;ajhla jk neks'

;auka ,xldf
iudc h:d:h
iy ta ;=< jk
ksia yeis rgdj uid
n,k g ksiqkaf.a CIq
jk yevrgdj iy tys
wruqKq Wmfhda.s;djd
jk w;r Tjqkaf.a
ufyaCI ^iudh& ;h
cd;sjd yeisula
m%ldYhg m;alrk nj
ykd.; yel' fuys
wm jgyd.; hq;= ;j;a
jeo.;a ldrKhla we;'
tk" Wmfhda.S;djdoh
iy cd;sjdoh tlsfklg
tfrysj fkdhk
tal;ajhl msysgka"
tlsfkl fmdaIKh
lrka mj;sk njhs'
tk" cd;sjdoho
Wmfhda.s;djd wre;lska
jevlrk njhs' fuh
jvd;a fydka wjfndaO
lr.ekSu i|yd
Wmfhda.s;djdoh ms<sn|
o,-ir< wjfndaOhl=;a
bkamiq th cd;sjdoh
iu. tal;ajhla ;=<
jevlrkafka flfiao
hkak;a uid ne,sh
hq;=h'
Wmfhda.S;djdoh
Wmfhda.S;djdoh

yeugu ksiqkaf.a
wd;au uQ,sl jqjukdjka
imqrd.ekSu wruqKq lrk

ksiqka w;r inkaOh

ksiqka yd foaj,a w;r
inkaOh;a njg;a

tneka cd;sjdoh Okjdohg ndOdjla fkdf'

tla w;lska wm fuf;la idlPd l< m th
Okjdofha ienE iy uQ,sl m%;sfrdaOh fnd|
lrka Okjdohg tfrys ienE mi;=re;djh
^mka;s mi;=re;djh& lr<s.; u j,lajk
neks' ,xldj ;=< wm fuu ;;ajh kgu;a
judk f,i w;aka isk w;r rdcmlaI
fruh ie,lsh hq;= fycfudksl n,hla
iys;j ;u w;a;fkdau;sl;ajh wNHdi
lrka iskqfhao tlS ziremiZ ;=<h'
wfkla w;ska Okjdoh ;=< fYaIfhka kj
,snr,a Okjdoh ;=< iEu cd;sjdfhlau
uQ,sl jYfhka ,snr,ajd yd mfNdackjd
oDIajdohkaf.a f.dre njg m;aj we;s
neka yeu cd;sjdhdu wjika .%yfha
Wmfhda.S;djdfhls'
yeis rgdjla f,i
m%ldYhg m;a f' tk"
;u mgq-mqoa., wruqKq
imqrd .ekSu fjkqfjkau"
ta fjkqfjkau jk
ksiqkaf.a yeisu f,ihs'
Okjdoh ;=< ,snr,ajd
yd mfNdackjd
oDIajdohka iska
ksiqka mgq-mqoa.,
wd;au flakaSh ksia
yq,s njg;a ksiqka yd

mKduh f Rcq
m%;sM,h m%ldYhg
m;ajkafka tf,isks'
tfy;a ka woyia
jkafka Wmfhda.S;djdoh
hkq yq flaj,-mqoa.,;ks ksiqkaf.a yeis
rgdjka ;=< muKla
ykd.; yels idOlhlah
hkak fkdf' th
O jQ iudc ixOdk"
wdh;k" foaYmd,k mlaI

wdh ;=<skao m%ldYhg

m;ah yels w;r tf,i
m%ldYhg m;af' tg th
isjkafka tlS ixOdk"
wdh;k iy foaYmd,k
mlaI ;=< jk mq,a
iudh wruqKq ^tjeks
mq,a iudh wruqKq
iys;j iE tajdk&
j,g mgyeks f,i thska
;eka fjka tajdfha
yq ffoksl meje;au
wruqKq lrk jHjydrhla
olajd mgqula jYfhks'
fuf,i Wmfhda.S;djdoh
u; jevlrk ixOdk"
wdh;k" foaYmd,k
mlaI ksfhdackh lrk
idudl;ajho tlS
jHjydrfha wNdIh u;
h<s-h<s;a Wmfhda.S;djdoh
;=< .s,S hk w;r fmr,d
th fkdje,elah yels
f,i tlS ixOdk"
wdh;k yd foaYmd,k
mlaI u; ;SrKd;aul
f,i n,mE iy.; jkq
we;'
m%d.aOk
in|;d k moku
u; m%;sixOdk .;
l< OfkaYajr iudc
h:d:hu Wmfhda.S;djd
yeisula m%ldYhg
m;alrkafka tf,isks'

ulaksido" OfkaYajr
ksIamdok ud,shu
Wmfhda.S;djd jk
neks' tys uQ,sl
m%;sfrdaOh uid
ne,Sfukau fuh jvd;a
fydka ;yjqre lr .;
yel' tk" ksIamdokfha
iudh iajrEmh;a M,
w;alr .ekSf fm!oa.,sl
Okjd iajrEmh;a w;r
jk m%;sfrdaOhhs' ka
meye,s jkafka OfkaYajr
ksIamdokh ixOdkh
fldg we;af;au ienE
idudh ksia wjYH;d
wruqKq lrka fkdj"
Wmfhda.S;djd fm!oa.,sl
,dN wruqKq b,lal
lrka njhs' tlS
Wmfhda.S;djd mgqmqoa., wruqKq ^,dNh&
fjkqfjka ksIamd;h
^yqjudre NdKav&
muKla fkdj b,auo
^fjf<|m< ;lkh
u.ska jHdc wjYH;d
ksuu& ksIamdokh lrk
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ksIamdok in|;djhu
Wmfhda.S;djd jk g
th iudc WmjHQyh ;=<
tys iEu me;sudkhla
;=<skau m%ldYhg m;au
lsisfia;a wreuhla

fkdf'
cd;sjdoh l,ams; i;=rl=g
tfrysj
kEu ksYa;
iudc h:d:hla
;=< cd;sjdoh
mej;sh yelaflao th
ilsS%h hyelaflao
tlsfkl ckfldgia
w;r m%;smdlaIsl
iyinkaO;djhla
f.dvk.ka iy th
jOkh lrka muKs'
h ksYa; ckfldgila
;=< cd;sjdoh u;
mokj iuQy
ml,amkhla ^iduQysl
wNs,dIhla& f.dvkef.k
g th isjkafka ndysr
wfkfll= ^;u cd;sl
wkkH;d ljfhka
msg; iskakka& i;=rka
f,i neyerlrKhg
,lalrks' tk"
isxy, cd;sjdoh mej;sh
yelaflao th ilsS%h
l< yelaflao ;jr
jOkh l< yelaflao Bg
tfrysj o< yd uqia,s
cd;sjdoh m%;sfmdaIKh
lrka" ilS%h lrka yd
fou<d iy uqi,audkqjd
neyerlrKhg
,lalrks' fuys

ju 2013 Tlaf;dan
f,dauho fufiauh'
tfy;a tlS iduQysl
wNs,dIh yd tu.ska
m%ldYs; iudc
iduqysl;ajh ^h ksYa;
ck fldgila ;=<&
f.dvkef.kafka iudh
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ck iudcfha wfkld njg rdcmlaI fruh
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ol=K fukau ,snr,ajdWmfhda.Sjdoh ;=< .s,sShdu
ms<sn| we;af;a ld,h
inkaO m%Yakhla muKs'

13

cd;sl wNsudkh .ek

f,kska f.ka
uy reishdkq iudcm%cd;ka;%jdoSka jk wms o fuu
oDIauh m%jK;djh flfrys wm
olajk wdl,amh .%y lsug
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fYaIfhkau zzck;djf.a
nkaOkd.drhZZ f,i ksjerj
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fkdf' fYaIfhkau wE; fmr.
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iy l=vd zzw;aZZ cd;Ska ixLHdjla"
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iy frdafj,df.a jqjukdjkag
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fkdyelsh'
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iy Okm;Skg reoaOj" tk
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udOHhlau Wmfhda.S lr fkd.kafka
k" zzmS;D N+h wdrlaId lsuZZ
l< fkdyelsh' kEu hqoaOhlska
idjdoh mrdch lsug leu;sfuka
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iy ksOk mka;s cd;Hka;rjdoh 116 - 117 - 118 msgq&
^' whs' f,kskaf.a zzuyd
reishdkq cd;sl wNsudkhZZ ,smsfhks&

14

ju 2013 Tlaf;dan

wOHdmkfha wnqoh yd wfma t<Uqu

fuh OfkaYajr l%ufha wnqohla

f,i wm jgyd .; hq;af;a tu
ksiduh' OfkaYajr md,lhka
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me;af;ka fuu igkaj, wm

YsIHhkag fukau mka;shgo

ksoyia wOHdmk hkako fuu
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fya;=jls' tfy;a ta tlu
fya;=j fkdf' wfkla w;g

f ixjdoh yryd wm uqyqK

isk ish ixOdk foaYmd,k - u;jd wNsfhda.
if|ahehs Yajdi lsuo
mdrfN!;slhls' ixjdoh yryd
l< yelafla tu m%Yak i|d
.ekSf ud.h fj; wdf,dal
Odrdjla t,a, lsu muKs'
wdpdrOu" ksia in|;djhka
wd wfma iuia; ;hu tu
wdf,dal Odrdj yryd hdj;al,a
lr.; yelsk ixjdofha
wfmalaIdjka u,aM, .ekafjkq
we;' ksOk mka;s jHdmdrhg

udlaia odYkslfhlao@
lD;sfha b;sydih ms<sn| laug
t,a,jQ fpkhlg ms<s;=re
fok udlaia mjikafka ngysr
hqfrdamh jevji .NdIfhka
Okjdohg meKs wdldrh
laug ieliQ ;ukaf.a
lgqigyk" n,mdk ft;sydisl
;;ajhka lsisjla fkdi,lka
ksiqkaf.a brKug by<ska
l%shd;aul jk" fmd ud.hla
f,i oyd olajk" b;sydih
ms<sn| odYksl kHdhla njg
m;alsu ;ukag zz,ecd
lsulaZZ njhs' wm islr
we;af;ao thuhs'
ksia j.hdf.a
uqla;sh fjkqfjka jHjydl

laula f.dvke.+ udlaia

ishjil=;a wvlska bla;s
j| odYksl moaO;shl
ms;Djrfhl= njg m;alr ;su
we;af;kau fYdalhg lreKla'
hq.hl rchk woyia md,l
mka;sfha woyia jk ksid
oYkho oDIajdohla jk nj
udlaiaf.a woyihs' wd.l
{dkjdoh oDIajdohla
jk nj myiqfjka jgyd
.ekSug yelshs' kuq;a iudc
mj;kh .ek wfma lau
ilia lr ;sfnk fojk
cd;Hka;rfhka ksudKh lr"
fidah foaYh u.ska jOkh
lr" fidah rdcH n,h

10 msgqfjka'''

mqyqKq wdh;k wd ish,a,kaf.

au we;af;a OfkaYajr oDIajdoh
njh' th wm fydka jgydf.k
mka;shgo jgyd u fuu igka
;=<u wm l< hq;= ;j;a jeo.;a
lreKls'
ir,j
lsjfyd;a
fuu wOHdmk wdh;k ;=<ska
Okm;sfhla fkdj Okjdfhla
ksudKh lrhs' fj,djg jev
lrk" ld,igyklg wkqj jev
lsu" .=re f.da, in|;djh"
f,dalh
ixhqla;j
jgyd
.kakjd fjkqjg hqla;j jgyd
.ekSug ie,eiau" ;r.hla
;=<ska m<fjkshd u" Nd.
yryd ;h we;af;a bf.k
.ekS ;=< nj ;yjqre lsu
wdka ;=<ska Okjdohg Wjukd
lrk mqyqKq Y%lhd ksudKh
lsu wd ls%hdj,Ska yryd
uqukskau isjkqfha wOHdmkh
tfia fkdue;sk b.ekaf
ls%hdj,sh ;=<ska OfkaYajrhhg
.e,fmk ksil= ksudKh
lsuh' tu ksid wm wOHdmk
whs;Ska fjkqfjka igka jk
g fuu oDIajd Wjukdjka
.eko wm furg YsIH jHdmdrh
;=<;a mka;s n,f. ;=<;a m%uqL
ixjdohla njg m;alr .;
hq;=h'

wfkla lreK k
wOHdmk
whs;Ska
wfydais
lsug tfrys igka ls%hdud.
;=< ie,lsh hq;= wjOdkhg
.; hq;= lreKq .Kkdjla o
we;' wm igka lrkafka ld
iu.o@ ta flfiao@ tu.ska YsIH
03 msgqfjka'''

.= ld,Skj lrk mka;suh

wre;lska flfrk ixjdod;aul
wNHdihla u;= fldg .;
yelsh' fkdtfiaj OfkaYajr
udhdfjka .e,.;a Pkao
odhlfhl= fyda fou< fyda
isxy," uqi,audkqfjl= mka;suh
f,i uqK .efik ksiqka
yuq fkdjkq we;' tjka wr.,
wNHdihka W;=f mS;hdo
we;=<;aj tlalr .ekSug ka
isg wNHdi lrkqfha k b
ue;sjrK fukau wr., ;=<o
kj jdu l,amhla tlalr .;
yelsfjkq we;'
04 msgqfjka'''

ienE" l,amj;sk ch.%yK

yslr.; yelafla ixjdoh
yryd fmdaIKh lr.kq ,nk
kqu" mka;sh iu. ftkaSh
jHjydrhlg ,lalr ta yryd
mlaIdjg Ndckh lsf;a ta
yrydu kqu jvd;a fmdaIKh
lsf;a Ialr" l,a.;jk
jHdhduhla yryd muKs' tjeks
jHdhduhla iudch fjkia
lrk w;ru" tu ls%hdj,sh
;=< wmjo fjkia lrk
ma,jlrKSh jHjydrhla
i|yd moku ilia lrkq we;'
06 msgqfjka'''

Nd;fhka f,dj mqrd m%p,s;

l< ohf,la;sl fN!;sljdoh"
ft;sydisl fN!;sljdoh iy
hqla; foaYmd,k wdl
oHdj;a tjeksu jQ odYksl
oDIajdohka nj jgyd.ekSu
fokd;aul wjfndaOhla
jkq fkdwkqudkhs' flfia
fj;;a ta fokdj wruqK
i|yd kj jHjydrhl m%ij
fokdj njg m;a l< yels
k ishjila mqrdjg iudch
fjkia lsug rE W;aiyhka
iska l< jka f.j,g
idOdrKhla bgq lsf m<uq
m%fYh;a th jkq we;s'

jHdmdrhg" mka;shg isjk

jdis fudkjdo hkak fydka
uid ne,sh hq;=h' ukao miq.sh
b;sydih mqrd l< igka j,ska
wm ch.%yK ,nd.;a;o tajd
;=< ;snQ wkkH;d foaYmd,kh
Wmfhda.s;djd
Wjukdjka
blaujd mka;s wjYH;djhka
olajd Tijd ;eug wms iu;a
jQjdo hkako ta igka ;=<ska mka;s
i{dkl;ajhg
f.ktaug
iu;a jQjdo hkako wdmiqye
uid ne,sh hq;a;ls' YsIH
igka yd Wmfhda.S;djd b,a,S
^Wod (- uyfmd< YsIHdOdr"
fkajdisld.dr& jeks lreKq
i|ydo Tjqka YsIH ix. ;=<g
talrdYS u igka lsu is jQfha
Wmfhda.s;d w:fhkao hkak
uish hq;=h' foaYmd,k mlaIo
tajdg kdhl;ajh iemjQfha
Wmfhda.s;d w:fhka fyda n,
foaYmd,k wruqKq fjkqfjkao
hkako uish hq;a;ls' ta ksid
tu.ska is jQfha YajoHd,
;h ;=< igkald jq
YsIHhd Wmd wjika l< miq
Okjdohg fydka inkaO
kj ,snr,a ;h ;=< lghq;=
lsuhs' f ;;ajh ;=< YsIHhdg"
llrejdf.a"
f.dhdf.a"
jrhdf.a igka wod< fkdjqks'
tu
n,f.j,go
YsIH
igka wod< fkdjqks' fuu
Wmfhda.s;djd
foaYmd,kh
fjkqjg wkkH;d foaYmd,kh
fjkqjg tajd blaujk fmd
ksOk mdka;sl wkkH;djh

fj; f ish n,f. /f.k

taf foaYmd,khg u fmkah
hq;af;ao jdu foaYmd,k mlaIhs'
tfia lsu u.ska YsIH" llre"
f.d" jr we;= ish
igka taldnoaO lsu iy l%u
frda igka njg m;a lsug
miqmiska fkdj bfhkau isg
kshuq ldhNdrh l< hq;af;a
mlaIhhs' fuu ish wnqohka
bmsg ;sfnk
wNsfhda.ho
thhs' tu wNsfhda.h foig
wNsuqL ug h h hq;=o
ke;' f,kska lshkakdfiau
zzwOHdmk lafIa;%fha wfma
ldhNdrh OfkaYajr mka;sh
fmr,d u i|yd f.khk
wr.,fha fldgils' ;fhka
yd foaYmd,kfhka fjkalrk
,o wOHdmkh fndrejla iy
l=yl lula nj wms m%isoafhau
m%ldY lr isuq'ZZ^f,kska ck;d wOHdmkh .ek&
wmo
tksid
wOHdmkfha wnqoh tajd ;=<
we;s OfkaYajr Wjukdjka
ienE f,iu fy<sor l<
hq;=h' wfma b;sydifha igka
;=< ;snQ wvqmdvqo iudf,dapkh
l< hq;=h' tfia lsug wmg
ffOhhla ;snqfKd;a ksOk
mka;shg f,dalh jgyd .ekSug
yd th fjkia lsug Wjukd
ienE
ksoyia
wOHdmkh;a
wOHdmkfha
iu
whs;sh;a
kd.; yelsh'

ishdj ch ldgo'''
fj; <dug weuldjg
l,dmh ;=< jQ Yd, ndOlhla
bj;a uls' fuu hqoaOfha ienE
miqu thhs'
weulka cku;h

yuqod l=uka;%Khlska
n,h.;a Bma;= rchg
tfrys trg ck;dj iduld
Woaf>daIKhl ksr; h' tfia
uyu iduld Woaf>daIKhg
iyNd.s jQ ksrdhqO ck;dj
fj ;nd urdu weuld
tlai;a ckmoh zzudkqISh
fojdplhlaZZ f,i
olajkafka ke;' ta Bma;=f
yuqod fckrd,ajre weulka
ys;jd fyhsks' ta wkqj h
m%Yakhla m%Yakhlao@ keoao@
fojdplhlao keoao@ ;SrKh
lsf n,h f jk g
ysjkafka ngysr n,j;=kaghs'
brdkhg" ,shdjg" we*a.
ksia:dkhg" ngysr n,j;=ka
,sguh uey;a lr
;sf' weuldjg wjYH
jkafka ishdj;a ta ,ehsia;=jg
.ekSughs' th brdkh;a ta
,ehsia;=jg .ekSf mQj
fldkafoaishla f,ighs'
fuys fYaI;ajh jkafka
%;dkH w.ue;s fuu hqO
fufyhqug iydh m,
lrkak fhdackdj;a %;dkH
md,sfka;=jg fhduql<o
md,sfka;=f th mrdch
h ;jo tlai;a ckmofha
fmdck u;h fuhg reoaOj
u;=jk nj udOHh yryd
k.kakg we;' f ksid fuu
;SrKh ;ksj fkdf.k trg
fldx.%ia uKav,hg fhduq
lsug Tndud iQodk we;'
fuys jQ ;;ajhka we;=<;
jqj widoa md,kho taldm;s
,CIK iys; md,khls'
we;eg i;HjYfhkau
widoa ish ck;djg reoaOj
w.kakgo bv ;sf'

ish w cdjdrf
yd m%d.aOkfha ria;sh

11 msgqfjka'''

fjkqfjka kh yd reishdj
widoa iu. tlfm<g isgf.k
is' ngysr n,j;=kag tfrys
k reishdkq yjq, uE;
foaYmd,ksl ;,fha olakg
we;s fYaI ,laIKhls' tksid
wdrCIl uKav,h ;=< ishdjg
tfrys fhdackd iu; u
kh yd reishdj ksfYaO n,h
fhdodf.k j,lajkq ,nhs'
f ksid ishdkq wnqoh
;jrg;a rgl wnqohla fkdj
f.da,Sh n, foaYmd,k kHdh
m;%hla ;=< l<ukdlrKh
jk m%Yakhls' fuh f.da,Sh
m%d.aOkfha ,dNh fjkqfjka
f,dalh fnod.kakd m%Yakhls'
f ksid wjYHk ;u n,h
fjkqfjka f,dalfha frdaO;d
fkdi,ld ishdjg myrug
weuldjg yels w;r Bg
tfrysj widoa md,khg w
,nd tu lghq;a;u lsug
k reishka yjq,go yelsh'

ueo fmr. l,dmfha
mekk.sk hqoaOh wkalsisjla
fkdj ,shk .kkska ksOk
mka;s mS;hkag urKh
w;am;alrka ;u n,h iy
,dNh fjkqfjka wrdcHjdka
f.khk hqoaOhls'

tlai;a ckmo Wml%uh
m%cd;ka;%jdoh ms<sn| igka
mdGh ;u whs;shg .ekSu
jk w;r reishdj yd kh
lrkafka taldm;s md,khg
iydh foka wdl%uKhg
tfrys uhs' fuh wka;
wrdcH m%;sfrdaOfhau
m%ldYkhla jk w;r f
fomdYajfhka ljr mdYajhla
ch .;a;o mrdch jkafka
ishdf mS; ck;djhs'
uqla;s ud.h je we;af;a
widoa md,kh yryd fyda
zzksoyia ishdkq yuqodjZZ
f,i ;uka ykajd.kakd
ikakoaO mlaIh yryd fkdj
ishdf mS; ck;djf.a
ixOdkd;aul ls%hdld;ajhla
yrydh'

ju 2013 Tlaf;dan

15

f krdjf,ka iudch uqod .ekSu;a" jHdmdrh thska u;a tlu ixhqla; l%shdj,shls'
iudch fjkia lsu;a" tys ;udu fjkilg Ndckh u;a tlu tlu ixhqla;
l%shdj,shls' tu l%shdj,sh h:d:hla lr.kafka flfiao@ wm ixjdofha fhfokafka ta
.ekh' f bv fjkajkafka ta ixjdohgh' f msgq Tf woyia fjkqfjka jD;h'

wdluh jYfhka .;a l, tk ksIamdokhg inkaO jk wdldrh iy

tys M, w;am;a lr.kakd wdldrh .;a l, tlsfklg fjkia jk l`ojqre
folla wm j;a jk iudcfha mj;sk nj y`kd.; yel' tfy;a wm ldg;a
f fudfydf;a ms<s.ekSug isj we;s i;Hhla jkafka tu uyd l`ojqre fofla
i;=reNdjh wmf.a weia udkhg meK ke;s njhs'
iS' ,kaof.a ifydaorhd
iuia;hla jYfhka iudch
je jefhka tlsfklg
hqksia m%ldYkh wdrN jkafka
i;=re uyd l`ojqre follg
zzfuf;la mej;s ishu iudcj,
tlsfklg tfrysj uqyqKg
b;sydih mka;s wr., j,
uqyqK ,d isk mka;Ska
b;sydih fZZ hkqfjka i|yka lrkah' kuq;a mka;s
follg Okm;s yd ksOk
iudchkag m%:ufhka mka;s rys; m%d:l iuQysl
keue;s mka;Ska follg fnoka
iudchla mej;s nj b;sydi{hl= iska ^fuda.ka iska&
mj;S'ZZ
;yjqre l< miq zzuquy;a ,s; b;sydih ka woyia
fldhqksia m%ldYkh 40 msgqj
flfZz hkqfjka Bg iq ixfYdaOkhla tx.,aia iska
tl;= lrk ,' ;j rg;a tu mka;s wr.,h fufia

by;ska olajd we;s m
ia;r fldg tys olajd we;'
wdluh jYfhka .;a l, tk
ksIamdokhg inkaO jk wdldrh
zzksoyia ksid iy jy,do" frdau l=,Skhd iy frdau
iy tys M, w;am;a lr.kakd
fmd ckhdo" ro,hd iy m%fks odihdo" fY%aKs yshd
wdldrh .;a l, tlsfklg fjkia
iy fHIaG wdOqkslhdo" jpkfhka meye,s l<fyd;a
jk l`ojqre folla wm j;a jk
mSvlhd iy mS;hd tlsfklg reoaOj ksh; f,i
iudcfha mj;sk nj y`kd.; yel'
ke.S isg" jfrl ie`.jqKd jQo jfrl jD; jQo
tfy;a wm ldg;a f fudfydf;a
igkla tlaflda uquy;a iudchu ma,jjd f,ig
ms<s.ekSug isj we;s i;Hhla jkafka
m%;sksudKh lsfuka wjika jQ" ke;ak igka
tu uyd l`ojqre fofla i;=reNdjh wmf.a weia
lrk mka;Skaf.a fmd kdYfhka wjika jQ igkla
udkhg meK ke;s njhs' ^oDIH udkhg meK ke;s
fkdlvjdu lrf.k .shy'ZZ
njhs& tf,iu th oDIHudk h yelafla u;jduh
fldhqksia m%ldYkh 33 msgqj
jYfhka tu l`ojqre fol m%ldYhg m;afuks'
iudch ma,h mj;khlg ,la f wksjdrkSh

f wkqj fmkShkafka fgl mrdch jqjo
fldkafoaishla jkafka o u;jduh jYfhka fukau
igka lrk mka;Ska tu.ska fmd kdYhlg uqyqK
foaYmd,k jYfhka th m%ldYhg m;aj ;suhs' ta
kako mka;s wr.,hka uquy;a iudchu ma,jjd
ksid ta i`oyd ma,jjd jHdmdrhl uey;a uo
f,i m%;sksudKh lsug fya;= jQ njhs' fuys mka;Ska
w;jYH f' tlsfklg i;=re mka;s ;snqKo iudcfha
hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ulahs hkak ms<sn|j
mj;sk u;jdohka mka;s u;jdohka f,i tljr wmg
f,kskaf.a my; Wmqgkfhka wjfndaO lr.; yelsh'
oDIHudk fkdfjhs' ne ne,aug tajd fmkS hkafka
iudcfha ish fokdf.a ms<s.ekSug ,laj we;s fmd
zzmka;shla hkq ksIamdokhg odhl jk wldrh;a"
iudc u;jdohka f,ih' zziEu jdlH LKavhla
ksIamdokfha M, w;am;a lr.kakd m%udKh iy
msgqmiu ;sfnk lsish mka;shl mka;s jqjukdjka
iajNdjh wkqj;a" ksIamdok ls%hdj,sfha orK ia:dkh
f;are .ekSug iu;ajk ;=reu ksOk mka;shg
wkqj;a tlsfklska fjkia jk Yd, ck lKavdhh'ZZ
foaYmd,kfha uq,df fyda iajhx uq,djg m;aug
f,kskaf.a tl;= l< lD;s" msgqj 29
isjkafkahZZ hkafkka jrla f,kska mejiQf ta
ksidh' f ms<sn|j tk mka;s u;jdohka iudcfha

j;auka Okm;s mka;s iudchg wod<j
fmd u;jdohka f,i oDIHudk u ms<snoj udlaia iy
tys m%Odk mka;Ska ms<sn|j 1888 fldhqksia
tx.,aia cuka oDIajdoh lD;sh ;=< fufia i`oyka
m%ldYkfhys bx.S%is ixialrKhg tx.,aia ,shk ,o
lr we;'
igykl fufia olajd we;'

fld

zzOkm;s mka;sh hkqfjka woyia lrkafka iudcfha

ksIamdok ud. ys jegqma msg llrejka fiajfha
fhdok iuld,Sk Okm;s mka;sh h' ksOk mka;sh
hkqfjka woyia lrkafka ;uka i;= ksIamdok
udOHhka fkdue;s u ksid iajlSh Y%u Yla;sh
lsKsf ;;ajhg weo je we;s iuld,Sk Y%lhkaf.a
mka;shh'ZZ
fldhqksia m%ldYkh 38 msgqj

tys fldhqksia m%ldYkh ;jrg;a
olajd we;af;a b;sydihg idfmalaIj jeu mka;s
m%;sfrdaO;djhka hq;= iudch jkafka j;auka
Okm;s mka;s iudchhs' Bg fya;=j jkafka iudcfha
w;sYh nyq;rh jegqma Y%lhska njg m;aj ;suhs'
tys Tjqka O jD;a;Skaj, kshe,s isho ksYa;
iajdhl= hgf;a fiajh l<o fkdl<o th t;r
jeo.;a fkdf' tfukau Tjqkaf.a mfNdack ugu
l=ulao tfia;a ke;ak Tjqka tfkod myrKh lrk
mdfNda.sl NdKavj, fjf<|fmd< jkdlj,
idfmalaI fjkial ;snqKo j;auka iudcfha id;sYh
nyq;rh ;u hemS udOHhka tk tfkod ;hg
wod< ish oE Wmhd.kq ,nkafka ;u Y%u Yla;sh
jegqmlg wf, lsfuks' tfia;a ke;ak iajhx /
lshdjl ksr; u fyda fjk;a lafIa;%hl ;u Y%u
Yla;sh fhdojd ;snqKo ta ish fokdf.au fmd
brKu r`od mj;skafka km;du ;u Y%uYla;sh ta
ta lafIa;% ;=< fhou u.sks' Tjqkag fjk;a hemS
udOHhka fkdue;sj ;su ksid fmd jYfhka
yrfhka jegqma Y%lhska njg m;aj we;' fldhqksia
m%ldYkfha fuu ;;ajh mQjl:kh lr we;af;
fufiah'
zzOkm;s mka;sfha hq.h jk wfma fuu hq.hg wh;a
fYaI ,laIKh k tys mka;s m%;s>;h ir, lsuh'

zziEu hq.hlu rchk woyi jkafka md,l mka;sfha

woyiah' tk iudcfha jHuh n,h md,kh lrk
mka;sh ta iu.u iudcfha nqoauh n,h md,kh lrk
mka;sho f' ish wNsu;h m jHuh ksIamdokfha
ud. ;uka i;= lrf.k we;s mka;sh tys m%;sM,hla
jYfhka udkYsl ksIamdok ud.o md,kh lrhs' ta
fya;= fldg f.k udkYsl ksIamdokfha ud. wys
whf.a woyia iuia:hla jYfhka ish mka;shg hg;a
lr .kS'ZZ
cuka oDIajdoh 83 msgqj

fuf,i lsish mka;shl mka;s jqjukdjka
fmd iudc jqjukdjka f,i m%ldYhg m;au
foaYmd,kfha iudkH ld, mfohkayS ^by;ska
Wmqgd .ekSu ;=< ia;r jk m& muKla fkdj
b;sydifha is jQ iudc ma,j wjia:djkayso
tf,iu ish' tu iudc ma,jj,g kdhl;aj jev
fldgi bgq l< mka;sh iudcfha fiiq mka;Ska Bg
tla lr .kq ,nkafka ;u mka;s jqjukdjkag jHdc
rEmdldrhla ,ndfoks' ksoiqkla f,i OfkaYajr
ma,jfha iy OfkaYajr m%cd;%ka;jd ma,jfha
,snr,ajdoh /f.k wd ksoyi yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh jeks
igka mdG N=la;s `u Okm;s mka;shg iSud jQ nj;a
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